viii. 51;

contagious magic of footprints in, i. 211; custom of reapers in, i. 329; belief as to whirlwinds in, iii. 41 _sq._; belief as to falling stars in, iv. 66; the last sheaf called the Rye-boar in, vii. 298; the Christmas Boar in, vii. 302; custom at eating the new corn in, viii. 51; heaps of sticks or stones in, ix. 14; Midsummer fires in, x. 180; St. John’s herbs in, xi. 49

Oeta, Mount, Hercules burnt on, v. 111, 116, 211

Offenburg, in the Black Forest, Midsummer fires at, x. 168

Offerings to dead kings, vi. 194; at cairns, ix. 26 _sqq._; to demons, ix. 96. _See also_ Sacrifices

“Offscouring” (περίψημα), term applied to a human scapegoat, ix. 255 _n._ 1

Offspring, charms to procure, i. 70 _sqq._

Ogboni, a secret society on the Slave Coast, xi. 229 _n._

Ogginn, a white ox and a holy cave in the Caucasus, viii. 313 _n._ 1

Ogom, a fetish doctor of Nigeria, not allowed to quit his house, iii. 124

Ogre whose soul was in a bird, story of the, xi. 98 _sq._

Ogres in stories of the external soul, xi. 100 _sqq._

Ogress whose life was in a spinning-wheel, xi. 100

Ogun, war-god of the Yorubas, viii. 149 _sq._

_Oho-harahi_, “Great Purification,” a Japanese ceremony performed on the last day of the year, ix. 213, 213 _n._ 1

Oijo, the Alafin of, paramount king of Yoruba-land, iv. 203

Oil not to be touched by people at home in absence of hunters, i. 120; poured on stones as a means of averting bullets from absent warriors, i. 130; to be made when the tide is high, i. 167; poured on stone as a rain-charm, i. 305, 346; and wine poured on sacred tree, ii. 50; made by pure youths and maidens, iii. 201; made by chaste women, iii. 201; to be called water at evening and night, iii. 411; human victim anointed with, vii. 246, 247

——, holy, poured on king’s head, v. 21; poured on sacred stones, v. 36; as vehicle of inspiration, v. 74; smeared on sick people, viii. 123

“—— of St. John,” found on oaks on St. John’s (Midsummer) morning, xi. 82 _sq._, 293

Oiling the body forbidden for magical reasons to wives in the absence of their husbands, i. 120, 122; as a protection against demons, iii. 201

—— the hair forbidden to women while their husbands are away at war, i. 127

Ointment, magical, applied to weapon instead of to wound, i. 202; extracted from dead bodies, the fat of animals, etc., viii. 163 _sqq._

Oise, French department of, dolmen in, xi. 188

Ojebways, or Ojibways, the, magical images among, i. 55; their contagious magic of footprints, i. 212; their ceremony at an eclipse of the sun, i. 311; their belief in tree-spirits, ii. 18; custom observed by them on the war-path, iii. 160; their reluctance to tell their names, iii. 326; husbands and wives will not mention each other’s names among the, iii. 338; their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130 _n._ 1; their respect for rattle-snakes, viii. 219; their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 225 _sq._; ritual of death and resurrection among, xi. 268

Okanaken Indians of British Columbia, their first-fruit ceremonies, viii. 134

Okhotsk Sea, whales in the, viii. 232

Oklahoma, the Yuchi Indians of, viii. 75

Okunomura, Japanese village, rain-making at, i. 297

Olachen fish, ceremonies at catching the first of the season, viii. 254 _sq._

Olaf, king of Sweden, sacrificed to Odin for the crops, i. 367

Olala, secret society of the Niska Indians, xi. 271 _sq._

Olaus Magnus, on were-wolves, x. 308

Olba, priestly kings of, v. 143 _sqq._, 161; the name of, v. 148; the ruins of, v. 151 _sq._

Old animal, bone of, eaten to make eater old, viii. 143

—— Barley-woman, last sheaf at harvest called the, vii. 139

—— Calabar, viii. 108

—— Christmas Day (Twelfth Night), ix. 321

—— Corn-woman at threshing, vii. 147

—— Hay-man at haymaking, vii. 223

—— Man, name of the corn-spirit, iv. 253 _sq._; name given to the last sheaf, vii. 136 _sqq._, 148 _sq._, 218 _sqq._, 289; at threshing, vii. 148 _sq._, 224

—— men, savage communities ruled by an oligarchy of, i. 216 _sq._; government by, in aboriginal Australia, i. 334 _sq._

—— people killed, iv. 11 _sqq._

—— Potato Woman, at digging potatoes, vii. 145

—— Rye-woman, the last sheaf called the, vii. 139; binder of the last sheaf called the, vii. 140, 145; killed in the last stalks cut, vii. 223; killed in the last corn threshed, vii. 224; last sheaf left for the, vii. 232

—— Testament, leprosy in the, viii. 27

—— Wheat-woman, vii. 139

—— Wife (_Cailleach_), name given to last corn cut, vii. 140 _sqq._, 164 _sqq._; (“Old Woman”), effigy burnt on the first Sunday of Lent, x. 116; effigy burnt on the last day of Carnival, x. 120

Old Witch, burning the, at harvest, vii. 224

—— Wives, the Day of the, Thursday of Mid-Lent, iv. 241

—— Woman, Sawing the, a ceremony at Mid-Lent, iv. 240 _sqq._; name applied to the corn-spirit, iv. 253 _sq._; of the corn, mythical being of the Cherokee Indians, vi. 46 _sq._, vii. 177; name given to the last corn cut or threshed, vii. 136 _sq._, 147, 223; name given to the thresher of the last corn, vii. 147

—— Woman (_Baba_), a mummer at Carnival, viii. 332, 333, 334; perhaps a rustic prototype of Demeter, viii. 334

—— Woman who Never Dies, North American Indian personification of maize, vii. 204 _sqq._

—— women as representatives of the Corn-goddess, vii. 205 _sq._

Oldenberg, Professor H., on the distinction between religion and magic, i. 225 _n._; on the magical nature of ancient Indian ritual, i. 228; on the priority of magic to religion, i. 235 _n._ 1; on the ritual observed by a Brahman in learning the Sakvarī song, i. 269 _sq._; on foundation-sacrifices, iii. 91 _n._; on King Vikramaditya, iv. 122 _n._ 2; on the belief in ghosts and demons among the Hindoos of the Vedic ages, ix. 90 _sq._; on the Indian drama, ix. 385 _n._ 1

Oldenburg, mirrors covered after a death in, iii. 95; disposal of cut hair and nails in, iii. 275 _sq._; fox’s tongue a remedy for erysipelas in, viii. 270; popular cures in, ix. 49, 51, 52, 53, 58; plague hammered into a wall in, ix. 64; the immortal dame of, x. 100; Shrove Tuesday customs in, x. 120; Easter bonfires in, x. 140; burning or boiling portions of animals or things to force witch to appear in, x. 321 _sq._; witch as toad in, x. 323; children passed through a cleft oak as a cure in, xi. 171 _sq._; custom as to milking cows in, xi. 185; sick children passed through a ring of yarn in, xi. 185

Oldfield, A., on the avoidance of the names of the dead among the Australian aborigines, iii. 350

Oldfield, H. A., on the Dassera festival in Nepaul, ix. 226 _n._ 1

_Olea chrysophilla_, used as fuel for bonfire, xi. 11

Oleae, the, at Orchomenus, iv. 163, 164

“Oleander, the Sultan of the,” x. 18, xi. 51; gathered at Midsummer, xi. 51

Oligarchy of old men, savage communities ruled by an, i. 216 _sq._; of old men the ruling body among the Australian aborigines, i. 335

Olive of the Fair Crown at Olympia, vi. 240

——, the sacred, at Olympia, vi. 240, xi. 80 _n._ 3

——, wild, and oak, pyre of Hercules made of, ix. 391

Olive-branches carried in procession and hung over doors at Athens, vi. 238

—— crown of victor in chariot-race at Olympia, iv. 91, vi. 240; of Zeus at Olympia, iv. 91

—— -tree of Pallas, ii. 142 _n._ 2; nails knocked into an, as a cure, ix. 60

—— wood, sacred images carved of, i. 39

Olives planted and gathered by pure boys and virgins, ii. 107

Olmütz, district of, the last sheaf called the Beggar in, vii. 232

Olo Ngadjoe (Oloh Ngadju), the, of Borneo, their belief as to albinoes, v. 91; their use of puppets as substitutes for living persons, viii. 100 _sq._

Olofaet, a fire-god, in Namoluk, xi. 295

Olonetz, the Government of, in Russia, collective suicide in, iv. 45 _n._ 1; festival of the dead in, vi. 75

Olori, a guardian spirit of the Yorubas, iii. 252

Oltscha (Orotchis?), their bear-feast, viii. 197 _n._ 2

Olympia, home of Xenophon near, i. 7; Mount Cronius at, i. 46 _n._ 4; the sacred white poplar of Zeus at, ii. 220, xi. 90 _n._ 1, 91 _n._ 7; Endymion at, ii. 299, iv. 90; tomb of Endymion at, ii. 299, iv. 287; Pelops and Hippodamia at, ii. 299 _sq._, iv. 91; races for the kingdom at, ii. 299 _sq._, iv. 90, 90 _sq._; ram annually sacrificed to Pelops at, ii. 300, viii. 85; sacred precinct of Pelops at, ii. 300, iv. 287; Oenomaus at, ii. 300, iv. 91; chariot-races at, ii. 300, iv. 90 _sq._; worship of Thunderbolt Zeus at, ii. 361; girls’ race at, iv. 91; image of Zeus at, iv. 91; victor’s wreath of olive at, iv. 91, vi. 240; the sacred olive at, iv. 91, vi. 240, xi. 80 _n._ 3; the quack Peregrinus burns himself at, v. 181; rule as to cutting olive branches to form the victors’ crowns at, vi. 240, xi. 80 _n._ 3; festival of Cronus at, ix. 352 _sq._

Olympiads based on the octennial cycle, iv. 90; mode of calculating the, vii. 80; beginning of reckoning by, vii. 82

Olympic cycle of four or eight years, vii. 80

—— festival, death of Peregrinus by fire at the, iv. 42; based on the octennial cycle, iv. 89 _sq._, vi. 242 _n._ 1; based on astronomical, not agricultural considerations, iv. 105

—— games, iv. 105, vii. 80, 86; said to have been founded in honour of Pelops, iv. 92

—— stadium, the, iv. 287

—— victors regarded as embodiments of Zeus, iv. 90 _sq._; or of the Sun and Moon, iv. 91, 105

Olympus, Mount, in Cyprus, iv. 81, v. 32

—— Mount, at Tempe, iv. 81, vi. 240

Olynthiac, river in Macedonia, fish in the, ix. 142 _n._ 1

Olynthus, tomb of, ix. 143 _n._

Omagua Indians of Brazil, their belief in the influence of the Pleiades on human destiny, vii. 309

Omaha hunters cut out tongues of slain buffaloes, viii. 269

—— Indians, of North America, their rain-making, i. 249; their charm to start a breeze, i. 320; customs as to murderers among the, iii. 187; names of relations by marriage tabooed among the, iii. 338; effeminate men among the, vi. 255 _sq._; their belief as to boils caused by eating a totem animal, viii. 25; the Elk clan among the, viii. 29, x. 11; the Reptile clan among the, viii. 29; their belief in the assimilation of men to their guardian animals, viii. 207; their mutilation of men killed by lightning, viii. 272; their women secluded at menstruation, x. 88 _sq._

Omanos at Zela, ix. 373 _n._ 1

Omen, beasts and birds of, viii. 143

—— birds in Borneo, iii. 110; stories of their origin, iv. 126, 127 _sq._

Omens, homoeopathic magic to annul evil omens, i. 170-174; from chicken bones, ii. 70; reliance on, iii. 110; from observation of the sky, iv. 58; drawn from pig’s liver, vii. 97; from boiling milk, viii. 56, xi. 8; mode of neutralizing bad, ix. 39; from birds and beasts, x. 56; from the smoke of bonfires, x. 116, 131, 337; from flames of bonfires, x. 140, 142, 159, 165, 336, 337; from cakes rolled down hill, x. 153; from intestines of sheep, xi. 13

—— of death, xi. 54, 64

—— of marriage drawn from Midsummer bonfires, x. 168, 174, 178, 185, 189, 338 _sq._; from flowers, xi. 52 _sq._, 61

Omnipresence of demons, ix. 72 _sqq._

Omo River, custom of strangling first-born children among tribes on the,