ii. 355;

oracular, at Dodona, ii. 358; sacred to Jupiter, ii. 361; worshipped by the ancient Celts, ii. 362 _sq._; worshipped by the ancient Teutons, ii. 363 _sqq._; worshipped by the ancient Slavs, ii. 365; worshipped by the ancient Lithuanians, ii. 365 _sqq._; revered by the Esthonians, ii. 367 _sq._; worshipped in modern Europe, ii. 370 _sqq._; effigy of Death buried under an, iv. 236; dance round, at harvest, vii. 288; sacred, of old Prussians, ix. 391; associated with thunder, x. 145; the principal sacred tree of the Aryans, xi. 89 _sq._; human representatives of the oak perhaps originally burnt at the fire-festivals, xi. 90, 92 _sq._; children passed through a cleft oak as a cure for rupture or rickets, xi. 170 _sqq._; life of, in mistletoe, xi. 280, 292; supposed to bloom on Midsummer Eve, xi. 292, 293; struck by lightning oftener than any other tree of the European forest, xi. 298 _sqq._ _See also_ Oak-tree _and_ Oaks

Oak of Errol, fate of the Hays bound up with the, xi. 283 _sq._

——, evergreen, in making fire, ii. 251; the Golden Bough grew on an, ii. 379

—— of the Guelphs, xi. 166 _sq._

——, holy, of the old Prussians, iv. 42

—— planted by Byron, xi. 166

—— of Romove, xi. 286

“—— or rock, born of an,” i. 100 _n._ 1

——, sacred, in a Greek story, i. 158; on the Capitol, ii. 176, 184; at Delphi, iv. 80 _sq._

—— or terebinth, sacred at Mamre, v. 37 _n._ 2

—— and thunder, the Aryan god of the, ii. 356 _sqq._, x. 265; oak, sky, rain, and thunder, god of the, ii. 349 _sq._

—— of the Vespasian family at Rome, xi. 168

—— and wild olive, pyre of Hercules made of, ix. 391

Oak branch in rain-charm, i. 309

—— branches, Whitsuntide mummer swathed in, iv. 207

—— crown sacred to Jupiter, ii. 176, 184, 189; sacred to Juno, ii. 184, 189

—— -god married to the oak-goddess, ii. 142, 189 _sq._; how he became a god of lightning, thunder, and rain, ii. 372 _sqq._

—— Grove, Chapel of the, at Rome, ii. 185; Gate of the, at Rome, ii. 185; Street of the, at Rome, ii. 186

—— groves in ancient Ireland, ii. 242 _sq._, 363

—— leaves, crown of, ii. 175, 176 _sq._, 184, iv. 80 _sqq._; “oil of St. John” found on St. John’s Morning upon, xi. 82 _sq._

—— log a protection against witchcraft, xi. 92

—— -mistletoe an “all-healer” or panacea, xi. 77, 79, 82; a remedy for epilepsy, xi. 78, 83; to be shot down with an arrow, xi. 82; a panacea for green wounds, xi. 83; a protection against conflagration, xi. 85, 293

—— -nymphs at Rome, ii. 172, 185

—— -spirit, the priest of the Arician grove a personification of an, xi. 285

Oak-tree guarded by the King of the Wood at Nemi, i. 42; worshipped in Syria, ii. 16; pain pegged into an, ix. 58; worshipped by the Cheremiss, x. 181

—— -trees revered by the Wends, ii. 55; sacrifices to, ii. 366; ague transferred to, ii. 57 _sq._; rupture nailed into, ix. 60; toothache nailed into, ix. 60; planted at marriage, xi. 165

—— twigs and leaves used to keep off witches, xi. 20

—— -wood, Vesta’s fire at Rome fed with, ii. 186; perpetual fire of, ii. 262, 365, 366, xi. 285 _sq._; ceremonial fires kindled by the friction of, ii. 372; used to kindle the need-fire, x. 148, 271, 272, 275, 276, 278, 281, 289 _sq._, xi. 90 _sq._; used to kindle the Beltane fires, x. 148, 155; used to kindle Midsummer fire, x. 169, 177, xi. 91 _sq._; used for the Yule log, x. 248, 250, 251, 257, 258, 259, 260, 263, 264 _sq._, xi. 92; fire of, used to detect a murderer, xi. 92 _n._ 4

—— -woods on the site of ancient Rome, ii. 184 _sqq._

—— -worship of the Druids, ii. 9, xi. 76 _sq._, 301

Oaken image dressed as a bride, ii. 140 _sq._; leaves in medicine, ix. 58

Oaks at Troezen, i. 26; revered by heathen Lithuanians, ii. 9; oracular, ii. 43; sacred among the old Prussians, ii. 43; sacred to Jupiter, ii. 175, 176; in peat-bogs of Europe, ii. 350 _sqq._; in peat-bogs of Ireland, ii. 351; in pile villages of Europe, ii. 352 _sq._; of Ireland, ii. 363; sick people passed through holes in, ii. 371; often struck by lightning, ii. 373; mistletoe growing on, in Sweden, xi. 87; planted by Sir Walter Scott, xi. 166; mistletoe growing on, in England and France, xi. 316

Oath by passing between the pieces of a sacrificial victim, i. 289 _n._ 4; taken by Mexican kings at their accession, i. 356, 416; by the Styx, iv. 70 _n._ 1; of Egyptian kings not to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, vi. 26; of women by the Pleiades, vii. 311; not to hurt Balder, x. 101

Oaths on stones, i. 160 _sq._; by the king of Egypt, i. 419; accompanied by eating a sacred substance, viii. 313

Oats, nine grains of, in divination, x. 243

Oats-bride, vii. 162, 163, 164

—— -bridegroom, vii. 163

—— -cow, reaper of last oats, vii. 289; thresher of last oats, vii. 290

—— -fool, vii 148

—— -goat, at harvest, vii. 270, 282, 283, 284; at threshing, vii. 286, 287; mummer called the, viii. 327

—— -king, in Silesia, vii. 164

—— -man, at harvest, vii. 163, 221; at threshing, vii. 223

—— -mother, the last sheaf, vii. 135

—— -queen, in Silesia, vii. 164

—— -sow, at making last sheaf, vii. 298

—— -stallion, the last sheaf, vii. 292

—— -wolf, in the last sheaf, vii. 271, 273; woman who binds the last sheaf called, vii. 274

—— -woman, at harvest feast, vii. 163

Oban district, Southern Nigeria, belief as to external human souls lodged in animals in the, xi. 206 _sqq._

Obassi Nsi, earth-god of the Ekoi, ix. 28

Obelisk, image of Astarte, v. 14

Obelisks, sacred, at Gezer, v. 108

Oberinntal, in Tyrol, the last thresher called Goat at, vii. 286

Oberkrain, the Slovenes of, their customs on Shrove Tuesday, ii. 93

Oberland, in Central Germany, the Yule log in the, x. 248 _sq._

Obermedlingen, in Swabia, the Cow at threshing at, vii. 290 _sq._; fire kindled on St. Vitus’s Day at, x. 335 _sq._

Oberpfalz, Bavaria, the Old Man at threshing in some parts of, vii. 222

Objects, souls ascribed to inanimate, ix. 90

O’Brien, Murragh, executed for treason, iii. 244

Obscene images of Osiris, vi. 112

—— language in ritual, iii. 154, 155

—— songs sung by women on special occasions, viii. 280

Obscenities in the Eleusinian mysteries, the Festival of the Threshing-floor, and the Thesmophoria, vii. 62 _sq._

Obscenity in rain-making, i. 267 _sq._, 269, 278, 284 _n._

Observational power of savages, ix. 326

Obubura district of Southern Nigeria, human souls in fish in, xi. 204

Ocrisia, mother of Servius Tullius, conceives by the fire-god, ii. 195; a slave-woman of Corniculum, ii. 270 _n._ 6

Octavian plunders the sanctuary at Nemi, i. 4; his provision for knocking a nail into the temple of Mars, ix. 67 _n._ 1

Octennial cycle based on an attempt to harmonize lunar and solar time, iv. 68 _sq._; old, in Greece, vi. 242 _n._, vii. 80 _sqq._

—— period of Greek games, vii. 80

—— tenure of the kingship, iv. 58 _sqq._ vii. 82, 85

October, horse sacrificed at Rome in, ii. 229, 326, ix. 230; the 1st of, a great Saxon festival, vi. 81 _n._ 3; the vintage month in modern Greece, vii. 47; the month of ploughing and sowing in Greece, vii. 50; the 15th, annual sacrifice of horse at Rome on, viii. 42 _sqq._; annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 226 _n._ 1; ceremony of the new fire in, x. 136; the last day of (Hallowe’en), x. 139

Octopuses presented to Greek infants, i. 156

_Ocymum sanctum_, Holy Basil, worshipped in India, ii. 26 _sq._

Ode branch of Ijebu tribe in Southern Nigeria, mysterious chief of the,