vi. 188;

of dead men intended to disable their ghosts, viii. 271 _sqq._; of ox, magical equivalent to mutilation of enemy, viii. 271

Muysca Indians of Colombia not allowed to look at their chiefs, iii. 121

Muyscas, the, of New Granada, their way of procuring rain, i. 303 _sq._ _See_ Chibchas

Muzaffarpur, district in India, rain-charm by means of frogs in, i. 293 _sq._

Muzimbas or Zimbas, of South-East Africa, worship their king as a god, i. 392

_Muzimos_, spirits of the dead, among the Maraves, viii. 111

_Muzimu_, the human spirit or soul, among the Winamwanga, viii. 112 _n._ 3

Muzzaffarnagar, in the Punjaub, ceremony for stopping rain at, i. 296

Mwamba, chief of the Wemba, swallowed the ashes of his victims to avert their furies, viii. 158

Mwanga, king of the Baganda, converted to Christianity, ii. 150

Mycenae, golden lamb of, i. 365; royal graves at, v. 33, 34; shield of Euphorbus at, viii. 300

Mycenaean age of Greece, v. 34

Myconus, sacrifices to Subterranean Zeus and Subterranean Earth at, vii. 66

Mylasa in Caria, v. 182 _n._ 4

Mylitta, Babylonian goddess, ix. 372 _n._ 2, 390; sacred prostitution in her worship, v. 36, 37 _n._ 1

Myndus, in Asia Minor, rain-making pebbles at, i. 305

Myres, Professor J. L., on the season of threshing in Greece, vii. 62 _n._ 5

Myrrh or Myrrha, the mother of Adonis, v. 43, 227 _sq._

Myrrh-tree, Adonis born of a, v. 227, vi. 110

Myrtle-tree with pierced leaves at Troezen, i. 25

—— -trees of the Patricians and Plebeians at Rome, xi. 168

Myrtles of Latium, ii. 188

Mysore in Southern India, rain-making in, i. 285; mimic rite of circumcision in, iv. 220; sacred women in, v. 62 _n._; the Komatis of, v. 81 _sq._; Munzerabad in, ix. 172

Mysteries as magical ceremonies, ix. 374

—— of Attis, v. 274 _sq._

—— of Dionysus, vii. 15

——, Eleusinian, ii. 138 _sq._, vii. 35, 37 _sqq._, 65 _sqq._, 69 _sq._, 78 _sq._, 111, 161 _sq._, 188; founded by Demeter, vii. 37; the myth of Demeter and Persephone acted at the, vii. 39, 66; the Great, their date, vii. 51 _sqq._; instituted by Eumolpus, vii. 70; associated with belief in immortality, vii. 90 _sq._; designed to promote the growth of the corn, vii. 110 _sq._ _See also_ Eleusinian Mysteries

——, Greek, bull-roarers swung at, vii. 110

—— at Mantinea, vii. 46 _n._ 2

—— of Sabazius, v. 90 _n._ 4

Myth of Adonis, v. 1 _sqq._; and ritual of Attis, v. 263 _sqq._; myth of Demeter and Persephone, vii. 35 _sqq._; myth less constant than custom, viii. 40

Mythical beings represented by men and women, ix. 385 _sq._

Mythologists, two rival schools of, their views not necessarily exclusive of each other, ix. 385 _sq._

Mythology, Roman, vi. 235

Myths explanatory of festivals, ii. 142 _sq._; supposed to originate in verbal misapprehensions or a disease of language, vi. 42; in relation to magic, ix. 374; performed dramatically in dances, ix. 375 _sqq._; dramatized in ritual, x. 105

—— of creation, iv. 106 _sqq._

—— of gods and spirits to be told only in spring and summer, iii. 384; not to be told by day, iii. 384 _sq._; to be told only in winter, iii. 385 _sq._

——, Italian, of kings or heroes begotten by the fire-god, vi. 235

—— of the origin of death, ix. 302 _sqq._

Mytilene, titular kings at, i. 45, 46 _n._ 4

Na Ivilankata, a Fijian clan, members of, walk over oven of hot stones, xi. 10

Naaburg, in Bavaria, custom at sowing at, v. 239

“Naaman, wounds of the,” Arab name for the scarlet anemone, v. 226

_Nabataeans, Agriculture of the_, ii. 100

Nabopolassar, king of Babylon, v. 174

Nabu, a Babylonian god, ix. 358 _n._; marriage of, ii. 130; his temple in Borsippa, iv. 110

_Nága_, serpent god, v. 81

Naga-padoha, the agent of earthquakes, among the Battas, v. 200

—— tribes of Manipur, their belief as to the state of the spirits of the dead, iv. 11

Nagas, demi-gods, concerned in the production of rain, i. 294

—— of Assam, their burial custom, viii. 100; believe that the dead are reborn as butterflies or flies, viii. 290 _sq._; the tug-of-war among the, ix. 177; their ceremony of the new fire, x. 136

—— of the _Mahabharata_, i. 383 _n._ 4

Nagin, “wives of the snake,” in Behar, ii. 149

Nagir, island of Torres Straits, mode of imparting courage in, viii. 153

Nagpur, the cobra the crest of the Maharajah of, iv. 132 _sq._; story of the type of Beauty and the Beast told in, iv. 132 _sq._

_Nagual_, external soul, among the Indians of Guatemala and Honduras, xi. 212 _sqq._, 220, 226 _n._ 1

_Nahak_, rubbish used in magic, in Tana, i. 341

Nahals, the, a forest tribe of the Central Provinces in India, their worship of trees, viii. 119

Nahanarvals, German tribe, priest dressed as a woman among the, vi. 259

Nahr Ibrahim, the river Adonis, v. 14, 28

Nahum, the prophet, on Nineveh, ix. 390

Nahuntí, an Elamite goddess, ix. 369 _n._ 1

Nahuqua Indians of Brazil, their use of bull-roarers, xi. 230

Nail of coffin in magic, i. 210, 211

Nail-parings swallowed, iii. 246. _See also_ Nails

Nails, golden or silver, driven into a sacred tree, ii. 36; knocked into trees, walls, etc., ii. 42, 76, ix. 56 _sqq._; knocked into doors to keep out witches, ii. 339 _sq._; used as charms against fairies, demons, and ghosts, iii. 233, 234, 236; knocked as a solemn ceremony by the highest magistrate at Rome, ix. 64 _sqq._; annually knocked into walls to record the years, ix. 67, 67 _n._ 2; knocked into ground as cure for epilepsy, ix. 68, 330; knocked into idols or fetishes, ix. 69 _sq._

Nails, pegs, or pins knocked into images, i. 61, 64, 65, 68, 69

Nails, parings of, used in magic, i. 57, 64, 65, 66; of father of twins not to be cut for a time, ii. 102; of owners of silk-worms not to be cut for a time, iii. 194; parings of, swallowed by attendants, iii. 246; of children not pared, iii. 262 _sq._; parings of, swallowed by treaty-makers, iii. 274; clippings of, in popular cures, ix. 68 _n._ 2

—— and hair, cut, disposal of, iii. 267 _sqq._; as rain-charms, iii. 271, 272; deposited in sacred places, iii. 274 _sqq._; stowed away in any secret place, iii. 276 _sqq._; kept for use at the resurrection, iii. 279 _sqq._; burnt to prevent them from falling into the hands of sorcerers, iii. 281 _sqq._; in popular cures, ix. 57, 58

—— and teeth of sacred kings preserved as amulets, ii. 6

Nakedness of women in rain-charms, i. 248, 282, 283

Nakelo tribe in Fiji, custom at burial of chief in the, iii. 29

Nakiza, the river, worshipped by the Baganda, ix. 27

Namal tribe of West Australia, their belief as to birth of children, v. 105

Namaquas, their fear of falling stars, iv. 61; their belief in the homoeopathic magic of a flesh diet, viii. 141

Nambutiris of Malabar, their use of magical images, i. 64

Name, the personal, regarded as a vital part of the man, iii. 318 _sqq._; identified with the soul, iii. 319; the same, not to be borne by two living persons, iii. 370; changed as a cure for ill health, iv. 158

Names of kings changed in time of drought, i. 355; of common objects changed when they coincide more or less with the names of relations, iii. 335, 336, 337, 339, 339 _sq._, 340, 341, 345, 346; of relations tabooed, iii. 335 _sqq._; changed to deceive ghosts, iii. 354 _sqq._; of common objects changed when they are the names of the dead, iii. 358 _sqq._, 375, or the names of chiefs and kings, iii. 375, 376 _sqq._; of ancestors bestowed on their reincarnations, iii. 368 _sq._; of kings and chiefs tabooed, iii. 374 _sqq._; of supernatural beings tabooed, iii. 384 _sqq._; of gods tabooed, iii. 387 _sqq._; of spirits and gods, magical virtue of, iii. 389 _sqq._; of Roman gods not to be mentioned, iii. 391 _n._ 1; lucky, iii. 391 _n._ 1; of dangerous animals not to be mentioned, iii. 396 _sqq._; conventional, for common objects on long and perilous journeys, iii. 404 _n._ 3; royal, signifying relation to deity, v. 15 _sqq._; Semitic personal, indicating relationship to a deity, v. 51; Hebrew, ending in _-el_ or _-iah_, v. 79 _n._ 3; on chimney-piece, divination by, x. 237; of savages kept secret, xi. 224 _n._ 2

Names of the dead tabooed, iii. 349 _sqq._; not borne by the living, iii. 354; revived after a time, iii. 365 _sqq._

——, new, given to the sick and old, iii. 319; taken by novices at initiation, iii. 320, 383, xi. 259

——, personal, tabooed, iii. 318 _sqq._; kept secret from fear of magic, iii. 320 _sqq._; different in summer and winter, iii. 386

Namesakes of the dead change their names to avoid attracting the attention of the ghost, iii. 355 _sqq._; of deceased persons regarded as their reincarnations, iii. 365 _sqq._

Naming the dead a serious crime, iii. 352, 354; of children, solemnities at the, connected with belief in the reincarnation of ancestors in their namesakes, iii. 372

Namoluk, one of the Caroline Islands, traditionary origin of fire in, xi. 295

Namosi, in Fiji, human sacrifice at cutting a chief’s hair in, iii. 264

Namuci and Indra, legend of, xi. 280

Namur, Lenten fires in, x. 108

Nana, mother of Attis, v. 263, 269, 281

Nana or Nanaea, goddess of Elymais, i. 37 _n._ 2

Nandi of British East Africa, power of medicine-men among the, i. 344; their custom as to an unchaste girl, ii. 112; their fire-drill, ii. 210; taboos observed by those who have handled the dead among the, iii. 141; purification of man-slayers among the, iii. 175; their use of shorn hair as hostage for a prisoner, iii. 273; their use of magic knots on a journey, iii. 310; names of absent warriors not mentioned among the, iii. 330; reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353; certain words tabooed to warriors among the, iii. 401; their belief as to stepping over things, iii. 423; their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82, 85; their ceremony at the ripening of the eleusine grain, vi. 47; boys dressed as women and girls dressed as men at circumcision among the, vi. 263; woman’s share in agriculture among the, vii. 117; their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 317; their ceremonies at eating the new eleusine grain, viii. 64; warriors eat hearts of foes to become brave among the, viii. 149; man-slayers drink the blood of their enemies among the, viii. 155; their custom of driving sick cattle round a fire, xi. 13; use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 229 _n._

_Nanga_, sacred enclosure in Fiji, viii. 125, xi. 243, 244

_Nanja_ spots, local totem centres in Central Australia, i. 96, 97; trees, haunted by disembodied spirits, i. 96

Nanjundayya, H. V., on serpent worship in Mysore, v. 81 _sq._

Nanna, the wife of Balder, x. 102, 103

Nanny, a Yorkshire witch, x. 317

Nanumea, island of, precautions against strangers in, iii. 102 _sq._

Naples, custom observed by boys on the first Sunday of April at, iv. 241; grotto _del cani_ at, v. 205 _n._ 1; custom of bathing on St. John’s Eve at, v. 246; protected against flies and grasshoppers, viii. 281; feast of the Nativity of the Virgin at, x. 220 _sq._

Náráyan-chakra, a rain-making stone, i. 305

Narbrooi, a spirit or god of the forest, in New Guinea, iii. 60 _sq._

Narcissus and his reflection, iii. 94

Narmer, the mace of, king of Egypt represented as Osiris on, vi. 154

Narrative spells, vii. 104 _sqq._

Narrinyeri, the, of South Australia, take great care of the refuse of their food, iii. 126 _sq._; names of the recent dead not mentioned among, iii. 372; their custom at breaking bones of animals, viii. 259 _n._

Narrow openings, creeping through, in order to escape ghostly pursuers, xi. 177 _sqq._

Nass River in British Columbia, the Indians of the, believe that a physician may swallow his patient’s soul, iii. 76

_Nat_, spirit, in Burma, ii. 46

_Nat_ superstition in Burma, ix. 90 _n._ 1

Natal, the Caffres of, their rain-charm by means of a black sheep, i. 290

Natchez Indians of North America, their rain-making, i. 249; claim kindred with the sun, i. 313 _n._ 3; special terms used with reference to persons of the blood royal among the, i. 401 _n._ 3; their perpetual fires, ii. 262 _sq._; customs of man-slayers among the, iii. 181; their festival of new corn, viii. 77 _sqq._; their festival of New Fire, viii. 135 _sqq._

Nathuram, image supposed to make women fruitful, xi. 3

National character partly an effect of geographical and climatic conditions, vi. 217

Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice, v. 303 _sqq._

“—— of the sun’s walking-stick,” ancient Egyptian festival, i. 312

—— of the Virgin, feast of the, x. 220 _sq._

_Nats_, spirits in Burma, iii. 90, ix. 175 _sq._; propitiation of, ix. 96

Natural calendar of the husbandman, shepherd, and sailor, vi. 25

—— death of sacred king or priest, supposed fatal consequences of, iii. 6, 7; regarded as a calamity, iv. 11 _sq._

—— law, the conception of, gradually evolved, i. 374; not grasped by primitive man, i. 376

—— timekeepers, vii. 53

Nature, conception of immutable laws of, not primitive, i. 374; the order and uniformity of, ii. 376; of Osiris, vi. 96 _sqq._

Nauders in the Tyrol, sacred larch-tree at, ii. 20

Naudowessies, Indian tribe of North America, ritual of death and resurrection among the, xi. 267

_Naueld_, need-fire, in Norway, x. 280

Nauras Indians of New Granada ate the hearts of Spaniards to make themselves brave, viii. 150

Nauroz and Eed festivals in Dardistan, women swing at the, iv. 279

Nauru, in the Marshall Islands, lives of people bound up with a fish in,