v. 107, 108

Masset, in Queen Charlotte Islands, dances of Haida women at, while their husbands were away at war, i. 133

Massim, the, of British New Guinea, seclusion of manslayers among, iii. 169

Masson, Bishop, on Annamite indifference to death, iv. 136 _sq._

Mastarna, an Etruscan, ii. 196 _n._

Master of the Fish, sacrifices offered by the Tarahumares to the, viii. 252

——, the Heavenly, the head of Taoism in China, i. 413

—— of Life, first-fruits offered by the Arkansas Indians to the, viii. 134

—— of the Revels, ix. 333 _sq._

—— of Sorrows at corpse-burning among the Chams, i. 280

Master craftsman regarded as a magician, ix. 81

Masur, in Dutch New Guinea, belief in the transmigration of human souls into cassowaries at, viii. 295

Masuren, a district of Eastern Prussia, “Easter Smacks” in, ix. 269; Midsummer fire kindled by the revolution of a wheel in, x. 177, 335 _sq._; divination by flowers on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 52, 53; divination by orpine at Midsummer in, xi. 61; camomile gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 63; fire kindled by friction of oak at Midsummer in, xi. 91

Mata, the smallpox goddess, sacrifice of first-born sons to, iv. 181

Matabele, magical effigies among the, i. 63; their rain-charm, i. 291; the power of witch-doctors among the, i. 351; their relation to the human god of the Mashona, i. 393 _sq._; woman’s part in agriculture among the, vii. 115; their festival of new fruits, viii. 70 _sq._; their way of getting rid of caterpillars, viii. 275; fumigate their gardens, x. 337

——, kings of the, as priests, i. 48; as rain-makers, i. 351 _sq._

——, Lobengula, king of the, iii. 114

Matabeleland, i. 394

_Mataboole_, rank next below chiefs in Tonga, viii. 130 _n._ 2, 131

Matacos, Indian tribe of the Gran Chaco, their belief as to the souls of the dead, iii. 373 _n._; their custom of secluding girls at puberty, x. 58

Mataguayos, Indian tribe of the Gran Chaco, their custom of secluding girls at puberty, x. 58

Mateer, Rev. S., on the worship of demons in Travancore, ix. 94

_Mater Dolorosa_, the ancient and the modern, ix. 349

Materbert, off New Britain, natives of, carried fire about with them, ii. 258

Material vehicles of immaterial things (fear, misfortune, disease, etc.), ix. 1 _sqq._, 22 _n._ 2, 23 _sqq._

Materialization of prayer, ix. 22 _n._ 2

Maternal uncle preferred to father, mark of mother-kin, ii. 285; in marriage ceremonies in India, v. 62 _n._ 1

Maternity and paternity of the Roman deities, vi. 233 _sqq._

Matiamvo, a potentate in Angola, the manner of his death, iv. 35 _sq._

Matlalcuéyé, wife of Tlaloc, the Mexican thunder-god, human sacrifices offered to, vii. 237

“Matriarchate,” v. 46; inappropriateness of the term, ii. 271 _n._ 2

Matronalia, Roman festival on the 1st of March, ix. 346

Matse tribe of Togoland, two royal families in the, ii. 293; their sacrifice of new corn to the Earth Goddess, viii. 115; their transference of sorrow to leaves, ix. 3

Matthes, Dr. B. F., on harvest festival in Celebes, viii. 122 _sq._; on sympathetic relation between man and animal among the Malays, xi. 197

Matthews, Dr. Washington, on unwillingness of Indians to speak of their gods at certain times, iii. 385

Mattogrosso, contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210; the Pleiades worshipped by some tribes of, vii. 309

Matuana, Zulu chief, drank gall of foes, viii. 152

Matuku, in Fiji, iii. 39, 40

Mauhes, Indians of Brazil, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 59; ordeal of young men among the, x. 62

Maui, Fijian god of earthquakes, v. 202 _n._

Maundrell, H., on the discoloration of the river Adonis, v. 225 _n._ 4

Maundy Thursday, church bells silent on, x. 125 _n._ 1

Maurer, Konrad, on succession to the kingdom in Scandinavia, ii. 280 _n._ 1; on Icelandic story of the external soul, xi. 125 _n._ 1

Mauretanians, rain-charm of the, i. 286

Maury, A., on the Easter ceremonies compared with those of Adonis, v. 257 _n._ 1

Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, iv. 94 _sq._

Mausolus, contests of eloquence in his honour, v. 95; his ashes swallowed by his widow Artemisia, viii. 158

Mauss, M., and H. Hubert, Messrs., on taboo as negative magic, i. 111 _n._ 2

_Mawu_, god, in the language of the Hos of Togoland, i. 396 _sq._; Supreme Being of Ewe negroes, ix. 74 _sq._, 76 _n._ 1

Mawu Sodza, a Ewe goddess, viii. 115

Maximian and Diocletian, reign of, ix. 308

Maxims of Pythagoras, their superstitious nature, i. 213 _sq._

Maximus, Tyrius, on conical image at Paphos, v. 35 _n._; on the rites of Demeter at the threshing-floor, vii. 62 _n._ 1

Maxwell, W. E., on the stratification of religious beliefs among the Malays, ix. 90 _n._ 1

May, J. D., viii. 281 _n._ 2

May, modern Greek Feast of All Souls in, vi. 78 _n._ 1; puppets thrown into the Tiber at Rome in, viii. 107; Roman festival of ghosts in, ix. 154 _sq._; Mexican human sacrifices in, ix. 276, 280; dances of Castilian peasants in, ix. 280

——, the 2nd of, called Walburgis Day in Bavaria, ii. 75 _n._ 2

——, King of, ii. 84, 85 _sq._; King and Queen of, iv. 266, ix. 406

——, Queen of, ii. 84, 87 _sq._; in the Isle of Man, iv. 258

May Bride, the, ii. 95, iv. 266; the, at Whitsuntide, in Brunswick, ii. 96

—— bridegroom, ii. 91, 93

—— -bushes, ii. 84, 85, 89, 90, 142; placed at doors of stables and byres, ii. 52

—— Day, the first of May, dance of milkmaids on, ii. 52; witches rob cows of milk on, ii. 52 _sqq._, ix. 267; precautions against witchcraft on, ii. 52 _sqq._; green bushes placed at doors of loved maidens on, ii. 56; celebration of, ii. 59 _sqq._; licence of, ii. 67, 103 _sq._; a festival of flowers in Peloponnese, ii. 143 _n._ 2; in Sweden, iv. 254; in the Isle of Man, iv. 258, x. 157; magpies’ eggs and young carried from house to house on, viii. 321 _n._ 3; in the Tyrol, “Burning out of the Witches” on, ix. 158 _sq._; dance of witches on the Blocksberg on, ix. 163 _n._ 1; ceremonies concerned with vegetation on, ix. 359; bonfires on, x. 146 _sqq._; bonfires on, a precaution against witchcraft, x. 295; sheep burnt as a sacrifice on, x. 306; witches active on, xi. 19, 184 _n._ 4, 185 the Eve of (Walpurgis Night), witches steal milk from cattle on, ii. 52; ceremony at Meiron in Galilee on, v. 178; Snake Stones thought to be formed on, x. 15; witches active on, ix. 158 _sqq._, xi. 73; a witching time, x. 295. _See_ Walpurgis

—— -flowers over the door a protection against elves and witches, ii. 53

—— Fools, ii. 91

—— garlands, ii. 60 _sqq._, 90 _sq._

—— Lady in Cambridge, ii. 62; representative of the spirit of vegetation, ii. 79

—— morning, custom of herdsmen on, ix. 266

—— -pole, apparently thought to fertilize women and cattle, ii. 52; at Midsummer in Sweden, ii. 65; carried on May Day in Warwickshire, ii. 88 _sq._; or Midsummer-tree in Sweden and Bohemia, v. 250; set up in front of house of mayor or burgomaster, viii. 44

—— -poles, ii. 59, 65 _sqq._; village, in England, ii. 66 _sqq._; permanent, ii. 70 _sq._

—— Rose, the Little, ii. 74

—— -tree, apparently thought to fertilize women and cattle, ii. 52; burned at the end of the year, ii. 71; horse-race to, iv. 208; brought into village and called summer, iv. 246; carried about, x. 120, xi. 22

—— -trees, ii. 59 _sq._, 64, 68 _sq._, iv. 251 _sq._; at Whitsuntide, iv. 208, 210, 211

Mayas of Yucatan, their annual expulsion of the demon of evil, ix. 171; their calendar, ix. 171; their five supplementary days, ix. 171, 340

Mayenne, French department of, May carols and trees in, ii. 63

Mayo, County, story of Guleesh in, x. 228

Mayos or Mayes, on May Day in Provence, ii. 80

Mbaya Indians of South America, self-sacrifice of old woman among the, iv. 140; their custom of infanticide, iv. 197

M’Bengas of the Gaboon, birth-trees among the, xi. 160

Mbengga, in Fiji, the fire-walk in, xi. 10 _sq._

_Mbete_, priest, in Fiji, i. 378

Me Bau, a Thay goddess, ix. 98

Méac (February), a Cambodian month, iv. 148

Meakin, Budgett, on Midsummer fires in Morocco, x. 214 _n._

Meal offered to the wind, i. 329 _n._ 5; sprinkled to keep off evil spirits, iii. 112; rubbed on man as a purificatory rite, iii. 113

“Meal and ale,” standing dish at harvest supper, vii. 160, 161

Measuring shadows at laying foundations, iii. 89 _sq._

Measuring-tape deified, iii. 91 _sq._

Meat and milk, dietary rules as to, viii. 83 _sq._

Meath, County, hunting the wren in, viii. 320 _n._; Hill of Ward in, x. 139; Uisnech in, x. 158

Meaux, Midsummer bonfires in the diocese of, x. 182

Mecca, pilgrims to, not allowed to wear knots and rings, iii. 293 _sq._; stone-throwing at, ix. 24

Mechanisms, primitive, for determining the time of year by observation of the sun, vii. 314

Mecklenburg, contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210, 211; locks unlocked at childbirth in, iii. 296; wolves and other animals not to be called by their proper names between Christmas and Twelfth Night in, iii. 396 _sq._; harvest customs in, vii. 229, 274; the Corn-wolf in, vii. 273; the Harvest-goat in, vii. 283; cure for fever in, ix. 56; precaution against witches on Walpurgis Night in, ix. 163 _n._ 1; cattle beaten on Good Friday in, ix. 266; mode of reckoning the Twelve Days in, ix. 327; need-fire in, x. 274 _sq._; simples gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 48; mugwort at Midsummer in, xi. 60; the divining-rod in, xi. 67; treatment of the afterbirth in, xi. 165; children passed through a cleft oak as a cure in, xi. 171 _sq._; custom of striking blindfold at a half-buried cock in, xi. 279 _n._ 4

Medea and her magic cauldron, v. 180 _sq._

—— and Aeson, viii. 143

Medes, the king of, not to be seen by anybody, iii. 121; law of the, iii. 121

Medicine differentiated from magic, i. 421 _n._ 1; in Bolang Mongondo nothing but sacrifice, magic, and talismans, ix. 86

Medicine-bag, instrument of pretended death and resurrection at initiation, xi. 268 _sq._

—— -man bleeds a man, i. 91; bottles up departing souls, iii. 31; dance of, at blessing maize or dead game, viii. 71 _sq._; propitiates rattlesnake, viii. 217; atones for slaughter of wolf, viii. 220; conjures soul of infant into coco-nut, xi. 154 _sq._; his mode of cure in Uganda, xi. 181 _sq._; in Australia, initiation of, xi. 237 _sqq._ _See also_ Medicine-men

Medicine-men (magicians, sorcerers), drive away rain, i. 253; their political power in South-east Australia, i. 336; power of, among African tribes, i. 342 _sqq._; power of, among the American Indians, i. 355 _sqq._; develop into gods and kings, i. 375, 420 _sq._; progressive differentiation of, i. 420 _sq._; the oldest professional class, i. 420; employed to recover lost souls, iii. 42 _sq._, 45, 47 _sq._, 54, 56, 58, 66; swinging of, as a mode of cure, iv. 280 _sq._; of Zulus, feel ancestral spirits in their shoulders, v. 74 _n._ 4; of Wiimbaio, extract disease in shape of crystals, v. 75 _n._ 4; assimilated to women or thought to be transformed into women, vi. 256; need of, to circumvent evil spirits, ix. 76; whirl bull-roarers, xi. 231; in initiatory rites, xi. 237. _See also_ Magicians, Shamans, Sorcerers, _and_ Wizards

Medium inspired by dead king of Uganda, vi. 171

Mediums, inspired, in Bali, i. 378 _sq._; human, inspired by the spirits of crocodiles, lions, leopards, and serpents, viii. 213

Medontids at Athens, changed from kings to magistrates, ii. 290; reduction in their tenure of office, vii. 86

Mefitis, Italian goddess of mephitic vapours, v. 204, 205

Megalopolis, battle of gods and giants in plain of, v. 157

Megara, annual kingship at, i. 46; besieged by Minos, xi. 103

_Megara_, sacred caverns or vaults, viii. 17 _n._ 6

Megarian girls offer their hair to Iphinoe, i. 28

Megassares, king of Hyria, v. 41

Megha Raja, the lord of rain, his figure painted in a rain-charm, i. 296

Meilichios, epithet of Dionysus, vii. 4

Meiners, C., on purification by blood, v. 299 _n._ 2

Meinersen, in Hanover, need-fire at a village near, x. 275

Meiningen, use of pigs’ bones at sowing in, vii. 300

Meiron, in Galilee, burnings for dead Jewish Rabbis at, v. 178 _sq._

Meissen or Thuringia, horse’s head thrown into Midsummer fire in, xi. 40

Mekeo, district of British New Guinea, homoeopathic magic of drums in, i. 134 _sq._; taboos observed for the sake of the crops in, ii. 106; double chieftainship in, iii. 24 _sq._; customs observed by widowers in, iii. 144 _sq._; women after childbirth tabooed in, iii. 148

Mela’s description of the Corycian cave, v. 155 _n._, 156

Melampus and Iphiclus, i. 158

Melancholy, characteristic of men of genius, viii. 302 _n._ 5

Melanesia, homoeopathic magic of stones in, i. 164; contagious magic of wounds in, i. 201; confusion of religion and magic in, i. 227 _sq._; wizards in, the variety of their functions, i. 227 _sq._; weather doctors in, i. 321; wind-charms in, i. 321; supernatural power of chiefs in, i. 338 _sqq._; continence observed while the yam vines are training in, ii. 105; close relation of mother’s brother to his nephews in, ii. 285; practice of lengthening the head artificially in, ii. 298 _n._ 2; attempt to recover a lost soul in, iii. 65; ghost-haunted stones in, iii. 80; magic practised on refuse of food in, iii. 127 _sq._; tabooed persons not allowed to handle food in, iii. 141; cleanliness from superstitious motives in, iii. 158 _n._ 1; story of the type of Beauty and the Beast in, iv. 130 _n._ 1; belief in conception without sexual intercourse in, v. 97 _sq._; magicians buried secretly in, vi. 105; conception of the external soul in, xi. 197 _sqq._ _See also_ Melanesians

Melanesian and Papuan stocks in New Guinea, xi. 239

—— wizard, his soul as an eagle, iii. 34

Melanesians of the Bismarck Archipelago, unwilling to tell their names,