iii. 192;

bull-roarers thought to promote the growth of garden produce in, vii. 106; the Sam or Cassowary totem in, viii. 207; dread and seclusion of women at menstruation in, x. 78 _sq._; girls at puberty in, x. 92 _n._ 1; belief as to a species of mistletoe in, xi. 79

Macahity, an annual festival in Hawaii, iv. 117

Macalister, Mrs. Alexander, on the harvest Maiden in Perthshire, vii. 157 _n._ 3

Macalister, Professor R. A. Stewart, on infant burial at Gezer, v. 109 _n._ 1

Macassar in Celebes, words tabooed to sailors in, iii. 413; magical unguent in, x. 14

Macassars of Celebes, their belief as to the blighting effect of the blood of incestuous persons, ii. 110; their custom of swinging, iv. 277; ascribe a soul to rice, vii. 183

Maccabees, the Second Book of, its date, ix. 360

M’Carthy, Sir Charles, eaten by the Ashantees to make them brave, viii. 149

McClintock, Walter, on a legend of the Blackfoot Indians concerning the Pleiades, vii. 311

MacCorquodale, John, on the harvest Maiden and Old Wife in Glencoe, vii. 165; on the harvest _Cailleach_ at Crianlarich, vii. 166

MacCrauford, the great arch witch, x. 293

MacCulloch, J. A., on the Twelve Days, ix. 326 _n._

Macdonald, Rev. James, on magic to catch fish in the Highlands, i. 110; on Bride’s bed in the Highlands, ii. 94 _n._ 2; on the fire-drill in South-East Africa, ii. 210 _sq._; on a custom of infanticide in South Africa, iv. 183 _n._ 2; on the worship of ancestors among the Bantus, vi. 176; on the correction of the Caffre lunar calendar by observation of the Pleiades, vii. 315 _sq._; on the Pondo festival of new fruits, viii. 66 _sq._; on the expulsion of demons in some South African tribes, ix. 111 _n._ 1; on the story of Headless Hugh, xi. 131 _n._ 1; on external soul in South Africa, xi. 156

Macdonald, King of the Isles, i. 160, 161

Macdonalds, the, supposed to heal a certain disease by their touch, i. 370 _n._ 3

Macdonell, Professor A. A., on Agni, xi. 296

Macdonell, Lady Agnes, on the custom of horn-blowing at Penzance on May Day, ix. 164 _n._ 1

McDougall, W., and C. Hose, on creeping through a cleft stick after a funeral, among the Kayans of Borneo, xi. 176 _n._ 1 _See also_ Hose, Dr. Charles

Mace of Narmer, representation of the Sed festival on the, vi. 154

Maceboard, the, a procession of Summer in the Isle of Man, iv. 258

Macedonia, custom as to children’s cast teeth in, i. 180 _sq._; rain-making among the Greeks of, i. 272 _sq._, 274; wooden effigies of swallows carried about the streets on the 1st of March in, viii. 322 _n._; demons and ghosts hammered into walls in, ix. 63 _n._ 4; Midsummer fires among the Greeks of, x. 212; bonfires on August 1st in, x. 220; need-fire among the Serbs of Western, x. 281; St. John’s flower at Midsummer in, xi. 50

Macedonian calendar, vii. 258 _sq._

—— farmers, their homoeopathic magic at digging their fields, i. 139

—— peasantry burn effigies of Judas at Easter, x. 131

—— superstitions as to the Twelve Days, ix. 320

Macedonians preserve their nail-parings for the resurrection, iii. 280

Macfarlane, Mr., of Faslane, as to the last corn at harvest, vii. 158 _n._ 2

McGregor, A. W., on the rite of new birth among the Akikuyu, xi. 263

MacGregor, Sir William, on the political power of magicians in British New Guinea, i. 337; and the Alake of Abeokuta, iv. 203 _n._ 2

Macha, Queen, Irish fair said to have been instituted in her honour, iv. 100

Machindranath temple at Lhasa, ix. 219

MacIntyre, Duncan, on the harvest _Cailleach_, vii. 166

Mack, a usurper in Tonquin, iii. 19

Mackay, Alexander, on need-fire, x. 294 _sq._

Mackays, sept of the “descendants of the seal,” xi. 131 _sq._

Mackenzie, Sheriff-Substitute David J., on Up-helly-a’ at Lerwick, ix. 169 _n._ 2, x. 268 _n._ 1

Mackenzie, E., on need-fire, x. 288

Maclagan, Dr. R. C., on the harvest Maiden and Old Wife in the Highlands of Scotland, vii. 165 _sq._

Maclay coast of Northern New Guinea, ii. 254, iii. 109

McLennan, J. F., on _deega_ and _beena_ marriage, ii. 271 _n._ 1; on the bride-race, ii. 301 _n._ 4; on custom of chiefs marrying their sisters, iv. 194 _n._ 1; on brother and sister marriages, v. 44 _n._ 2, vi. 216 _n._ 1

“Macleod’s Fairy Banner,” i. 368

Macphail, John, on need-fire, x. 293 _sq._

Macpherson, Major S. C., on human sacrifices among the Khonds, vii. 250

Macrobius, on Janus, ii. 385 _n._ 2; on the mourning Aphrodite, v. 30; on the Egyptian year, vi. 28 _n._ 3; on Osiris as a sun-god, vi. 121; his solar theory of the gods, vi. 121, 128; on the influence of the moon, vi. 132; on institution of the Saturnalia, ix. 345 _n._ 1

McTaggart, Dr. J. McT. Ellis, on transmigration, viii. 309 _n._ 1

Macusis of British Guiana, their belief in dreams, iii. 36 _sq._; custom observed by parents after childbirth among the, iii. 159 _n._; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 60

Madagascar, kings of, as high-priests, i. 47 _sq._; foods tabooed in, i. 117 _sq._; custom of women in Madagascar while men are at war, i. 131; magical use of stones in, i. 160; modes of counteracting evil omens in, i. 173 _sq._; chiefs held responsible for the operation of the laws of nature in, i. 354; the Antaimorona of, i. 354; the Antimores of, i. 354; the Betsileo of, i. 397, iii. 246, viii. 116, 289; the Hovas of, i. 397, viii. 116; special terms used with reference to persons of the blood royal in, i. 401 _n._ 3; custom of passing newborn children through the fire in, ii. 232 _n._ 3; recall of lost souls in, iii. 54; mirrors covered after a death in, iii. 95; the Mahafaly country in, iii. 103; the Zafimanelo of, iii. 116; the Antambahoaka of, iii. 216; the Antandroy of, iii. 227; the Tanala of, iii. 227, vii. 9, viii. 290; blood of nobles not to be shed in, iii. 243; taboo on mentioning personal names in, iii. 327; the Sakalavas of, iii. 327, iv. 202, viii. 40 _n._; natives of, reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353; names of chiefs and kings tabooed in, iii. 378 _sqq._; tabooed words in, iii. 401; belief as to the transmigration of the dead into serpents in, iv. 84; vicarious sacrifice for a king in, vi. 221; men dressed as women in, vi. 254; first-fruits offered to kings in, viii. 116; mourners rub themselves with the juices of the dead in, viii. 163; crocodiles respected in, viii. 214 _sq._; belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals in, viii. 289 _sq._; the Antankarana of, viii. 290; the Sihanaka of, ix. 2 _sq._; stones or clods thrown on solitary graves in, ix. 19; transference of evils in, ix. 33 _sq._ _See also_ Malagasy

Madangs of Borneo, custom observed by them after a funeral, xi. 175 _sq._

Madder-harvest, Dutch custom at, vii. 231, 235 _sq._

Madenassana Bushmen, their reluctance to look on their sacred animal the goat, viii. 28 _sq._

Madern, parish of, Cornwall, holed stone in, xi. 187

Madi or Moru tribe of Central Africa bury their nail-parings, iii. 277; their sacrament of a lamb, viii. 314 _sq._; their annual sacrifice of a lamb, ix. 217

Madium district in Java, deceiving the spirit of a plant in the, ii. 23

Madness of Orestes, cured by sitting on a stone, i. 161. _See also_ Insanity

Madonie Mountains, in Sicily, Midsummer fires on the, x. 210

Madonna, effigies of, sold and eaten, viii. 94

—— and Isis, their resemblance, vi. 119

Madras, ceremonies after the killing of a cobra in, iii. 222 _sq._

Madras Presidency, the fire-walk in the, xi. 6

Madura, island off Java, inspired mediums in, i. 384; the Kappiliyans of, x. 69; the Parivarams of, x. 69

Maeander, the river, supposed to take the virginity of brides, ii. 162; the valley of, subject to earthquakes, v. 194; sanctuaries of Pluto in the valley of, v. 205, 206; Lityerses thrown by Hercules into, vii. 217

Maera, the dog of Icarus, iv. 281

Maeseyck, in Belgium, processions with torches on first Sunday in Lent at, x. 107 _sq._

Mafuie, the Samoan god of earthquakes, v. 200

Magarsus in Cilicia, v. 169 _n._ 3

Magdalen College, Oxford, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

Magdeburg, the Flax-mother near, vii. 133; the last sheaf called Grandmother near, vii. 136; reaper who cut the last corn wrapt in corn-stalls near, vii. 221

Maggots eaten at an initiatory rite, viii. 141

Maghs of Bengal, their ceremony at felling a tree, ii. 38

Magian priests, ii. 241 _n._ 4

Magic, principles of, i. 52 _sqq._; based on misapplications of the association of ideas, i. 53 _sq._, 221 _sq._; in ancient India, i. 63 _sq._, 228 _sq._, ix. 91; in modern India, i. 64 _sq._; in ancient Egypt, i. 66, 67 _sq._, 225, 230 _sq._; in ancient Babylonia, i. 66 _sq._; positive and negative, i. 111 _sq._, 117; blent with the worship of the dead, i. 164; physical basis of, i. 174 _sq._; public and private, i. 214 _sq._, 245; benefits conferred by, i. 218 _sq._; has paved the way for science, i. 219; attraction of, i. 221; fatal flaw of, i. 221 _sq._; opposed in principle to religion, i. 224; older than religion, i. 233 _sqq._; universality of belief in, i. 234-236; transition from magic to religion, i. 237 _sqq._, ii. 376 _sq._; the fallacy of, not easy to detect, i. 242 _sq._; combined with religion, i. 347; the fallacy of, gradually detected, i. 372; declines with the growth of religion, i. 374; strangers suspected of practising, iii. 102; wrought by means of refuse of food, iii. 126 _sqq._; wrought through clippings of hair, iii. 268 _sqq._, 275, 277, 278 _sq._; wrought on a man through his name, iii. 318, 320 _sqq._; degenerates into games, vii. 110 _n._; dwindles into divination, vii. 110 _n._, x. 336; of a flesh diet, vii. 138 _sqq._; the belief in, persists under the higher religions, ix. 89 _sq._; movement of thought from magic through religion to science, xi. 304 _sq._

——, the Age of, i. 235, 237, iv. 2

——, contagious, i. 52-54, 174-214, iii. 246, 268, 272; based on a mistaken association of ideas, i. 53 _sq._, 174; of teeth, i. 176-182; of navel-string and afterbirth (placenta), i. 182-201; of wound and weapon, i. 201 _sqq._; of footprints, i. 207-212; of other impressions, i. 213 _sq._

—— and ghosts, mugwort a protection against, xi. 59

——, homoeopathic or imitative, i. 52 _sqq._, iii. 151, 152, 207, 295, 298, iv. 283, 285, vii. 10, 62, 262, 267, 331, 333, 334, viii. 272, ix. 177, 232, 248, 257, 404, x. 49, 133, 329, xi. 231, 287; based on a mistaken association of ideas, i. 53; in medicine, i. 78 _sqq._; for the supply of food, i. 85 _sqq._; in fishing and hunting, i. 108 _sqq._; to make plants grow, i. 136 _sqq._; of the dead, i. 147 _sqq._; of animals, i. 150 _sqq._; of inanimate things, i. 157 _sqq._; of iron, i. 159 _sq._; of stones, i. 160 _sqq._; of the heavenly bodies, i. 165 _sq._; of the tides, i. 166 _sqq._; to annul evil omens, i. 170-174; for the making of rain, i. 247 _sqq._

Magic, negative, equivalent to taboo, i. 111 _sqq._; examples of, i. 143

—— and religion, i. 220-243, 250, 285, 286, 347, 352, ii. 376 _sq._; confused together, i. 226 _sqq._; their historical antagonism comparatively late, i. 226; Hegel on, i. 423 _sqq._; combination of, v. 4

—— and science, their analogy, i. 220 _sq._; different views of natural order postulated by the two, xi. 305 _sq._

—— sympathetic, i. 51 _sqq._, iii. 126, 130, 164, 201, 204, 258, 268, 287, iv. 77, vii. 1, 11, 102, 139, viii. 33, 271, 311 _sq._, ix. 399; the two branches of, Homoeopathic and Contagious, i. 54; examples of, i. 55 _sqq._

—— and witchcraft, permanence of the belief in, ix. 89. _See also_ Sorcery _and_ Witchcraft

Magic flowers of Midsummer Eve, xi. 45 _sqq._

Magical bone in sorcery, x. 14

—— ceremonies for the multiplication of totemic animals, plants, etc., in Central Australia, i. 85 _sqq._; for the revival of nature in spring, iv. 266 _sqq._; for the revival of nature in Central Australia, iv. 270; for the regulation of the seasons, v. 3 _sqq._

—— changes of shape, vii. 305

—— control of the weather, i. 244 _sqq._; of rain, i. 247 _sqq._; of the sun, i. 311 _sqq._; of the wind, i. 319 _sqq._

—— dramas to promote vegetation, ii. 120, vii. 187 _sq._; for the regulation of the seasons, v. 4 _sq._

—— implements not allowed to touch the ground, x. 14 _sq._

—— influence of medicine-bag, xi. 268

—— origin of certain religious dramas, ii. 142 _sq._, v. 4, vii. 187 _sq._, ix. 373 _sq._

—— significance of games in primitive agriculture, vii. 92 _sqq._

—— type of man-god, i. 244

—— uses made of the bodies of the dead, vi. 100 _sqq._

Magical virtues of plants at Midsummer apparently derived from the sun, xi. 71 _sq._

Magician, public, his rise to power, i. 215 _sqq._

—— and priest, their antagonism, i. 226

Magician’s apprentice, Danish story of the, xi. 121 _sqq._

—— Glass, the, x. 16

—— progress, the, i. 214 _sqq._, 335 _sqq._

Magicians claim to compel the gods, i. 225; gods viewed as, i. 240 _sqq._; importance of rise of professional magicians, i. 245 _sqq._; as kings, i. 332 _sqq._; political power of, i. 335 _sqq._; develop into gods and kings, i. 375; the oldest professional class in the evolution of society, i. 420; develop into kings, i. 420 _sq._; make evil use of spilt blood, iii. 246. _See also_ Magic, Medicine-men, Shamans, _and_ Sorcerers

——, Egyptian, their power of compelling the deities, i. 225, iii. 389 _sq._

Magnesia on the Maeander, sacred cave near, i. 386; device on coins of, i. 386 _n._ 2; worship of Zeus at, vi. 238; image of Dionysus in a plane-tree at, vii. 3; sacrifice of bull at, viii. 7 _sq._; the month of Cronion in, viii. 7, 8 _n._ 1, ix. 351 _n._ 2

Magnets thought to keep brothers at unity, i. 165

Magondi, a Mashona chief, i. 393 _sq._

Magpies’ nests, custom of robbing the, viii. 321 _n._ 3

Magyar tale, resurrection of hero in a, viii. 263

Magyars, Midsummer fires among the, x. 178 _sq._; stories of the external soul among the, xi. 139 _sq._

_Maha Makham_, the Great Sacrifice, celebrated every twelfth year at Calicut, iv. 49

_Mahabharata_, the, Indian epic, the Nagas in, i. 383 _n._ 4; Draupadi and her five husbands in, ii. 306, xi. 7

Mahadeo, mock human sacrifices offered by the Bhagats to a, iv. 217 _sq._

—— and Parvati, married Indian deities, their images worshipped, v. 242, 251

Mahadeva, Indian god, husband of Parvati, v. 241; propitiation of, ix. 197

Mahafaly country, in Madagascar, formerly tabooed to strangers, iii. 103

Mahafalys of Madagascar, their chiefs not allowed to sail the sea or cross rivers, iii. 10

Mahakam Dyaks of Borneo, i. 159

—— River in Borneo, iii. 104, vii. 98, 99 _n._ 1, 186, 187, 314; the Kayans of the, vii. 314

Maharajas, a Hindoo sect, worship their spiritual chiefs as incarnations of Krishna, i. 406; believe that bathing in a sacred well is a remedy for barrenness in women, ii. 160 _sq._

Mahdi, an ancient, v. 74

Mahratta, dancing-girls in, v. 62

Mahrattas, their belief in human incarnations of the elephant-headed god Gunputty, i. 405

_Mahua_ tree (_Bassia latifolia_) worshipped by the Mannewars in India,