x. 281, 283, 286

Limerick, execution of traitor at, iii. 244

Limping on one foot at carrying home the last sheaf, vii. 232, 284

_Limu_, the Assyrian eponymate, iv. 117

Lincoln, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

Lincolnshire, saying as to a woman’s apron burnt by a spark in, ii. 231; Plough Monday in, viii. 330 _n._ 1; the Yule log in, x. 257; witches as cats and hares in, x. 318; calf buried to stop a murrain in, x. 326; mistletoe a remedy for epilepsy and St. Vitus’s dance in, xi. 83 _sq._

Lindau in Anhalt, the Corn-woman at harvest at, vii. 233

Lindenbrog, on need-fire, x. 335 _n._ 1

Lindus in Rhodes, sacrifice to Hercules at, i. 281; taboos as to entering a sanctuary at, viii. 85

Lingayats, Hindoo sect, worship their priest as a god, i. 404 _sq._

Lint seed, divination by, at Hallowe’en, x. 235

Linus, identified with Adonis, vii. 258

—— or Ailinus, Phoenician vintage song, vii. 216, 257 _sq._, 263, 264

Lion, footprints of a, in magic, i. 209; king represented with the body of a, iv. 85; deity standing on a, v. 123 _n._ 2, 127; the emblem of the Mother Goddess, v. 164; as emblem of Hercules and the Heraclids, v. 182, 184; carried round acropolis of Sardes, v. 184, vi. 249; beloved by Ishtar, ix. 371. _See also_ Lions

“—— with the Sheepskins,” among the Arabs of Morocco, ix. 265

——, the sun in the sign of the, xi. 66 _sq._

Lion-chief, viii. 228

—— -god at Boghaz-Keui, the mystery of the, v. 139 _sq._; of Lydia, v. 184

—— -killer, purification of, iii. 176, 220

—— -slaying god, statue of, v. 117

—— -tamer as chief of his tribe, i. 347 _sq._

Lion’s claws in a charm, viii. 167

—— fat, unguent of, viii. 164

—— flesh or heart eaten to make eater brave, viii. 141, 142 _sq._, 147

Liongo, an African Samson, xi. 314

Lions not called by their proper names, iii. 400; called foxes for euphemism, iii. 400; dead kings reincarnate in, iv. 84, v. 83 _n._ 1, vi. 163; carved, at gate, v. 128; as emblems of the great Asiatic Mother-goddess, v. 137; deities seated on, v. 162; spirits of dead chiefs reincarnated in, vi. 193; inspired human mediums of, viii. 213; propitiation of dead, viii. 228; souls of the dead in, viii. 287 _sqq._

Lip, under, of bullock tabooed as food, i. 119

Lippe, the river, a tributary of the Rhine, i. 391

Lir majoran, a god of husbandry in the Kei Islands, viii. 123

Lisiansky, U., on annual festival in Hawaii, iv. 117 _sq._

Lismore, witch as hare in, x. 316 _sq._

Lithuania, the May Queen in, ii. 74; customs at driving the herds out to pasture for the first time in, ii. 340 _sq._; wolves not to be called by their proper names during December in, ii. 396; the last sheaf called Boba (Old Woman) in, vii. 145; customs at threshing in, vii. 148, 223 _sq._; custom at cutting the last corn in, vii. 223; old Lithuanian ceremonies at eating the new corn, viii. 49 _sq._; mummers and dances on Twelfth Day in Prussian Lithuania, viii. 327; “Easter Smacks” in, ix. 269; Midsummer fires in, x. 176; sanctuary at Romove in, xi. 91. _See also_ Lithuanians

Lithuanian mythology, ii. 348

Lithuanians, their contagious magic of footprints, i. 211; tree-worship among the, ii. 9, xi. 89; the thunder-god Perkunas of the, ii. 365 _sqq._; their reverence for oaks, ii. 366, 371; the old, their funeral banquets, iii. 238; the Old Rye-Woman among the, vii. 133; their custom before first ploughing in spring, x. 18; their story of the external soul, xi. 113 _sqq._ _See also_ Lithuania

——, the heathen, their worship of the sun, i. 317 _sq._; their sacred groves, ii. 46; sacrificed to Pergrubius on St. George’s Day, ii. 347

Little Deer, chief of the deer tribe, viii. 241

“—— Easter Sunday” (Low Sunday), in Cornwall, iv. 153, 154 _n._ 1

—— Jupiter, the, ii. 179, 192

—— Leaf Man, ii. 80 _sq._

—— Whitsuntide Man, ii. 81

—— Wood-woman, vii. 232

Lityerses, song of Phrygian reapers and threshers, vii. 216; son of Midas, king of Phrygia, vii. 217; his reaping-matches, vii. 217; his treatment of strangers on the harvest field, vii. 217; slain by Hercules, vii. 217; story of, its coincidences with harvest-customs of modern Europe, vii. 218 _sqq._, 236, 252 _sqq._; his relation to Attis, vii. 255 _sq._; compared to Bormus, vii. 257

Liver, indurated, thought to be healed by touch of chief’s feet, i. 371; induration of the, attributed to touching sacred chief, iii. 133; of kangaroo rubbed on back of man-slayer, iii. 167 _sq._; of pig, omens drawn from, vii. 97; of deer eaten to make eater long-lived like deer, viii. 143; of dog eaten to acquire bravery, viii. 145; of serpent eaten to acquire language of animals, viii. 146; regarded as the seat of the soul, viii. 147 _sq._; regarded as the seat of valour, viii. 148; of brave men eaten, viii. 148, 151 _sq._; of bear, used as medicine, viii. 187 _sq._

Lives of a family bound up with a fish, xi. 200; with a cat, xi. 150 _sq._

“Living fire” made by the friction of wood, ii. 237, x. 220; as a charm against witchcraft, ii. 336; the need-fire, x. 281, 286

—— parents, children of, in ritual, vi. 236 _sqq._

Livingstone, David, on the government of the Banyai, ii. 292

Livinhac, Mgr., on chiefs as rain-makers in the Nyanza region, i. 353

Livonia, sacred grove in, ii. 43; belief as to were-wolves in, iii. 42; Midsummer festival in, iv. 280; story of a were-wolf in, x. 308

Livonians cull simples on Midsummer Day, xi. 49 _sq._

Livuans, the, of New Britain, their belief in demons, ix. 82 _sq._

Livy on the Ciminian forest, ii. 8; on the annual Roman custom of knocking a nail, ix. 66; on the Saturnalia, ix. 345 _n._ 1

Lizard, soul in form of, iii. 38; external soul in, xi. 199 _n._ 1; sex totem in the Port Lincoln tribe of South Australia, xi. 216; said to have divided the sexes in the human species, xi. 216

—— or snake in annual ceremony for the riddance of evils, ix. 208

Lizards and serpents supposed to renew their youth by casting their skins, ix. 302 _sqq._

_Ljeschie_, Russian wood-spirits, viii. 2

Lkuñgen Indians, their charm to make hair grow long, i. 145; their magic uses of wasps, i. 152; their contagious magic of wounds, i. 202; believe trees to be men transformed, ii. 30

Llama, blood of, sprinkled on doorway, iv. 176 _n._ 1; black, as scapegoat, ix. 193

Llandebie, sin-eater reported near, ix. 44

Llandegla in Wales, church of St. Tecla at, ix. 52

Llangors, in Breconshire, the sin-eater at, ix. 43

Lo Bengula, king of the Matabeles, i. 394; as a rain-maker, i. 351 _sq._; treatment of strangers before admission to, iii. 114

Loaf made of corn of last sheaf, vii. 148 _sq._; thrown into river Neckar on St. John’s Day, xi. 28. _See also_ Loaves

Loango, palsy called the king’s disease in, i. 371; the negroes of, their belief that sexual crime entails drought and famine, ii. 111 _sq._; the Bavili of, ii. 112; licence of princesses in, ii. 276 _sq._; taboos observed by kings of, iii. 8, 9; foods tabooed to priests and heirs to the throne in, iii. 291; practice of knocking nails into idols in, ix. 69 _sq._, 70 _n._ 1; new-born infants not allowed to touch the earth in, x. 5; girls secluded at puberty in, x. 22

Loango, king of, deposed for failure of harvest or of fishing, i. 353; revered as a god, i. 396; fights all rivals for his crown, ii. 322; forbidden to see a white man’s house, iii. 115; not to be seen eating or drinking, iii. 117 _sq._; confined to his palace, iii. 123; refuse of his food buried, iii. 129

Loaves in shape of a boar, vii. 300; hung on head of sacrificed horse, viii. 42, 43; in human shape, viii. 48 _sq._, 94, 95. _See also_ Loaf

Lobeck, Chr. A., on the Thesmophoria, viii. 17 _n._ 5; his emendation of Pausanias, viii. 18 _n._ 1; his emendation of Clement of Alexandria (_Protrept._ ii. 17), viii. 20 _n._ 7

_Lobo_, spirit-house, among the Toradjas of Celebes, i. 129, ii. 39

Local totem centres in Central Australia, i. 96

Loch Katrine, x. 231

—— Tay, Hallowe’en fires on the banks of, x. 232

Lochaber, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 157

Lock and key in a charm, x. 283

Locks unlocked at childbirth, iii. 294, 296; thought to prevent the consummation of marriage, iii. 299; as amulets, iii. 308; unlocked to facilitate death, iii. 309; magical virtue of, iii. 310; opened by springwort, xi. 70; opened by the white flower of chicory, xi. 71; mistletoe a master-key to open all, xi. 85

—— and knots, magical virtue of, iii. 309 _sq._ _See also_ Keys

Locrians, the Epizephyrians, female kinship among the, ii. 284; their sacrifice of maidens to the Trojan goddess, ii. 284; the prostitution of their daughters before marriage, ii. 285; vicarious sacrifice offered by the, viii. 95 _n._ 2

Locust, a Batta totem, xi. 223

—— Apollo, viii. 282

—— Hercules, viii. 282

Locusts, sultans expected to drive away, i. 353; chiefs held responsible for the ravages of, i. 354; superstitious precautions against, viii. 276, 279, 281

Loeboes (Looboos), a tribe of Sumatra, exchange of costume between boys and girls among the, vi. 264. _See also_ Looboos

Log, the Yule, x. 247 _sqq._

Logan, W., on the custom of attacking the kings of Calicut, iv. 49

Logea, island off New Guinea, taboos observed by manslayers in, iii. 167; the dead not named in, iii. 354

Logic of the savage, viii. 202

Logierait, parish of, in Perthshire, knots unloosed at marriage in, iii. 299 _sq._; Beltane festival in, x. 152 _sq._; Hallowe’en fires in, x. 231 _sq._

Loire, the Lower, the Fox at reaping in, vii. 296

Loiret, Lenten fires in the department of, x. 114

Loitering in the doorway forbidden under certain circumstances, i. 114

Loki and Balder, x. 101 _sq._

_Lokoala_, initiation by spirits among the Indians of North-Western America, ix. 376

Lokoiya, the, of the Upper Nile, rain-makers as chiefs among, i. 345

Lokoja on the Niger, external human souls in crocodiles and hippopotamuses near, xi. 209

Lolos, of Western China, their recall of the soul in sickness, iii. 43; divine by shoulder-blades of sheep, iii. 229 _n._ 4; their belief as to the stars, iv. 65 _sq._

Lombardy, oak forests of, in antiquity, ii. 354; the Day of the Old Wives in, iv. 241; belief as to the “oil of St. John” on St. John’s Morning in, xi. 82 _sq._

Lombok, East Indian island, the rice personified as husband and wife in, vii. 201 _sqq._

London, the immortal girl of, x. 99; Midsummer fires in, x. 196 _sq._

Long Man, a river-god, i. 144

“—— -haired mother,” title of the Goddess of Maize in Mexico, i. 136

—— -headed men chosen kings, ii. 297

Longevity, homoeopathic charms to ensure, i. 158, 169

“Longevity garments,” in China, i. 169

Longforgan, parish of, in Perthshire, the Maiden Feast at harvest in, vii. 156 _sq._

Longnor, near Leebotwood, in Shropshire, the Mare at harvest at, vii. 294

Longridge Fell, _leeting_ the witches at Hallowe’en at, x. 245

Lons-le-Saulnier, in the Jura, last sheaf called the Bitch at, vii. 272

Looboos (Loeboes) of Sumatra creep through a cleft rattan to escape a demon, xi. 182 _sq._ _See also_ Loeboes

Look back, not to, in ritual, iii. 157

Looking at bonfires through mugwort a protection against headache and sore eyes, xi. 59

Loom, not to be touched by a man, iii. 164

Loon, the cry of the, associated with rain, i. 288

Loop in ceremony to detain the sun, i. 317

Loowoo, a kingdom in Celebes, regalia of, i. 364; superstitious belief as to the king of, i. 399

_Loranthus europaeus_, a species of mistletoe, xi. 315, 317 _sqq._; called “oak mistletoe” (_visco quercino_) in Italy, xi. 317

—— _vestitus_, in India, xi. 317

Lord of the Diamond, prayed to at cairns in Laos, ix. 29

“—— of the Heavenly Hosts,” a temporary king in Siam, iv. 149, 150, 155, 156

—— and Lady of the May, ii. 62, 90 _sq._

—— of Misrule, ix. 251, 312; at Bodmin, ii. 319 _n._ 1; in England, ix. 331 _sqq._

—— of the Rice, in Siam, iv. 150 _n._

—— of the Wells at Midsummer in Fulda, xi. 28

—— of the Wood among the Gayos of Sumatra, offerings to the, ii. 36, 125

Lorne, the Beltane cake in, x. 149

Lorraine, “killing the dog of the harvest” in, vii. 273; King and Queen of the Bean in, ix. 315; Midsummer fires in, x. 169; the Yule log in, x. 253; Midsummer customs in, xi. 47. _See also_ Lothringen

Loryma in Caria, Adonis worshipped at, v. 227 _n._

Losengrad, the district of, in Thrace, masquerade at Carnival in, viii. 332

Loss of the shadow regarded as ominous, iii. 88

Lostwithiel in Cornwall, temporary king at, iv. 153 _sq._

Lot, the Fox at threshing in, vii. 297

Loth, J., on the Twelve Days, ix. 325 _n._ 3

Lothringen (Lorraine), “Killing the Old Woman” at threshing in, vii. 223; the harvest Dog in, vii. 273; the harvest Bull in, vii. 288. _See also_ Lorraine

Lots, Greek custom as to the drawing of, vi. 248; cast at Purim, ix. 361 _sq._

Lottin, the island of, ix. 109

Lotus-tree, shorn tresses of Vestal virgins hung on a, iii. 275

Loucheux, the, of North-West America, the power of medicine-men among, i. 356; and Hare-skin Indians forbidden to eat the sinew of the leg of animals,