vi. 174

Lezayre parish, in the Isle of Man, custom on May Day in, ii. 54

Lhasa, the Dalai Lama of, i. 411 _sq._; ceremony of the Tibetan New Year at, ix. 197 _sq._, 218 _sqq._

Lhoosai, the, of South-Eastern India, their harvest festival, ii. 48; woman’s share in agriculture among, vii. 122

Lhota Naga, tribe of the Brahmapootra valley, their human sacrifices for the crops, vii. 243 _sq._

Lhwyd, Edward, on snake stones, x. 16 _n._ 1

“Liar’s mound, the,” in Borneo, ix. 14

Libanius, on human life before Demeter, vii. 43 _n._ 1

Libations offered by maidens to the dead maiden Iphinoe, i. 28; in honour of tree-spirits, ii. 46, 51; Roman rule as to wine offered in, iii. 249 _n._ 2; of beer to dead bears, viii. 181, 186; of beer to the fire-god and house-god, viii. 185

Libchowic, in Bohemia, girl called the Queen on the fourth Sunday in Lent at, ii. 87

Libebé, African kingdom, kings as rain-makers in, i. 348

Liber, Father, the Italian counterpart of Dionysus, vii. 12; Roman sacrifice of new wine to, viii. 133

Liberty, despotism more favourable than savagery to, i. 218

Libyans, the Alitemnian, awarded the kingdom to the fleetest runner, ii. 299. _See also_ Panebian

Licata, in Sicily, St. Angelo ill-treated at, i. 300

Licence accorded to slaves at the Saturnalia, ii. 312, ix. 307 _sq._, 350 _sq._, 351 _sq._; accorded to female slaves at the _Nonae Caprotinae_, ii. 313 _sq._; periods of, viii. 62, 63, 66 _sqq._, ix. 225 _sq._, 306, 328 _sq._, 343, 344, x. 135; annual periods of general, ix. 127, 131, 226 _n._ 1; month of general, ix. 148; periods of, preceding or following the annual expulsion of demons, ix. 251; at Midsummer festival, x. 180, 339

Licentious rites for the fertilization of the ground, ix. 177

Lichfield, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

Licinius Imbrex, on Mars and Nerio, vi. 232

Licorice root used to beat people with at Easter, ix. 269

Lie down, manslayers forbidden to, iii. 179

Liebrecht, F., on the death of the Great Pan, iv. 7 _n._ 2; on the Sacaea, ix. 392 _n._ 1

Liège, Lenten fires near, x. 108

Lienz in the Tyrol, masquerade on Shrove Tuesday at, ix. 242, 245

Lierre, in Belgium, the witches’ Sabbath at, xi. 73

Life, the Egyptian symbol of, ii. 133; in the blood, iii. 241, 250; human, valued more highly by Europeans than by many other races, iv. 135 _sq._; of community bound up with life of divine king, x. 1 _sq._; the water of, xi. 114 _sq._; of woman bound up with ornament, xi. 156; of a man bound up with the capital of a column, xi. 156 _sq._; of a man bound up with fire in hut, xi. 157; of child bound up with knife, xi. 157; of children bound up with trees, xi. 160 _sqq._; the divisibility of, xi. 221. _See also_ Soul

Life-indices, trees and plants as, xi. 160 _sqq._

—— -tokens in fairy tales, xi. 118 _n._ 1

—— -tree of the Manchu dynasty at Peking, xi. 167 _sq._

—— -trees of kings of Uganda, xi. 160

Ligho, a heathen deity of the Letts, x. 177, 178 _n._ 1; compare iv. 280

Light, girls at puberty not allowed to see the, x. 57; external soul of witch in a, xi. 116. _See also_ Lights

Lightning averted from houses by crossbills, i. 82; magical imitation of, in rain-making, i. 248, 258, 303; one of twins regarded as a son of, i. 266; the lord and creator of rain, i. 266; imitation of, by kings, i. 310, ii. 180; wood of tree that has been struck by, i. 319; expiation for trees struck by, ii. 122; the art of drawing down, ii. 181; fire perhaps first procured from a tree struck by, ii. 256; fire kindled by, ii. 263; African deities of, ii. 370; supposed to be produced by means of flints, ii. 374; trees struck by, used in magic, iii. 287; not to be called by its proper name, iii. 401; thought by Caffres to be caused by the ghost of a powerful chief, vi. 177 with _n._ 1; no lamentations allowed for persons killed by, vi. 177 _n._ 1; eating flesh of bullock that has been struck by, viii. 161; treatment of men, animals, and houses that have been struck by, viii. 161, xi. 298 _n._ 2; feet of men who have been killed by lightning slit to prevent their ghosts from walking, viii. 272; charred sticks of Easter fire used as a talisman against, x. 121, 124, 140 _sq._, 145, 146; the Easter candle a talisman against, x. 122; brands of the Midsummer bonfires a protection against, x. 166 _n._ 1, 183; flowers thrown on roofs at Midsummer as a protection against, x. 169; charred sticks of Midsummer bonfires a protection against, x. 174, 187, 188, 190; ashes of Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 187, 188, 190; torches interpreted as imitations of, x. 340 _n._ 1; bonfires a protection against, x. 344; a magical coal a protection against, xi. 61; pine-tree struck by, used to make bull-roarer, xi. 231; superstitions about trees struck by, xi. 296 _sqq_.; thought to be caused by a great bird, xi. 297; strikes oaks oftener than any other tree of the European forests, xi. 298 _sq_.; regarded as a god descending out of heaven, xi. 298; places struck by lightning enclosed and deemed sacred, xi. 299. _See also_ Thunder

Lightning and thunder, the Yule log a protection against, x. 248, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 258, 264; mountain arnica a protection against, xi. 57 _sq_.

Lightning god of the Slavs, ii. 365

—— Zeus, i. 33, ii. 361

“Lights of the dead,” to enable the ghosts to enter houses, vi. 65

Lights, three hundred and sixty-five, in the rites of Osiris, vi. 88

_Lignum aloes_, taboos observed in the search for, iii. 404

_Liknites_, epithet of Dionysus, vii. 5, 27

Lille, the corn-spirit in the shape of a horse near, vii. 294

Lillooet Indians of British Columbia, their belief concerning twins, i. 265 _n._ 1; their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 226 _sq_.; their regard for the bones of deer and beavers, viii. 243; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 52 _sq_.

Limbs, amputated, kept by the owners against the resurrection, iii. 281

Limburg, processions with torches on the first Sunday in Lent in, x. 107 _sq_.; Midsummer fires in, x. 194; the Yule log in, x. 249

Lime-kiln in divination at Hallowe’en, x. 235, 243

—— -tree, used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 251; toothache nailed into a, ix. 59 _sq_.; the bloom of the, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 49; mistletoe on limes, xi. 315, 316

—— -trees sacred, ii. 366, 367

—— -wood used at expulsion of demons, ix. 156; used to kindle need-fire,