ix. 323

Lee, the laird of, his “cureing stane,” x. 325

Leeches, charm against, viii. 281

Leeds, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 338

_Leeting_ the witches, x. 245

Lefébure, E., on Typhon in the form of a boar, viii. 30 _n._ 4

Left shoe of bridegroom to be without buckle or latchet, iii. 300

Legend of the foundation of Carthage and similar tales, vi. 249 _sq._

Legends of the custom of slaying kings, iv. 120 _sqq._; told as charms, vii. 102 _sq._; of persons who could not die, x. 99 _sq._

Legs not to be crossed, iii. 295, 298 _sq._

—— and thighs of diseased cattle cut off and hung up as a remedy, x. 296 _n._ 1, 325

Lehmann-Haupt, Professor C. F., on the historical Semiramis, v. 177 _n._ 1; on the historical reality of Christ, ix. 412 _n._ 2; on the date of the crucifixion, ix. 415 _n._ 1

Lehner, Stefan, on stories told to promote the growth of the crops, vii. 104; on the fear of demons in German New Guinea, ix. 83 _sq._

Leicestershire, Plough Monday in, viii. 330 _n._ 1

Leine, river of Central Germany, water drawn from it silently on Easter night, x. 124

Leinster, taboos observed by the ancient kings of, iii. 11; the fair of Carman in, iv. 100; legend of the voluntary death of monks to stay a pestilence in, iv. 159 _n._ 1; Midsummer fires in, x. 203

Leipsic, “Carrying out Death” at, iv. 236

Leitch, Archie, as to the harvest Maiden on the Gareloch, vii. 158 _n._ 1

Leith Links, witches burnt on, ix. 165

Leitmeritz district of Bohemia, the Shrovetide Bear in, viii. 326

Leitrim, County, Midsummer fires in, x. 203; divination at Hallowe’en in, x. 242; need-fire in, x. 297; witch as hare in, x. 318

_Leleen_, the, a priest in Celebes, iii. 129

Leme, the river, at Ludlow, ix. 182

Lemnos, new fire brought annually from Delos to, i. 32, x. 138; worship of Hephaestus in, x. 138

Lemon, external souls of ogres in a, xi. 102

Lemons distasteful to the spirits of tin, iii. 407

Lenaean festival of Dionysus at Athens presided over by the King, i. 44

Lenaeon, a Greek month, vii. 66

Lendu tribe of Central Africa, rain-makers as chiefs among the, i. 348

Lengua Indians of the Gran Chaco, their ceremony to make the sun shine, i. 313; fling sticks at a whirlwind, i. 330; power of magicians among the, i. 359; their belief as to dreams, iii. 38; after a death the survivors change their names among the, iii. 357; their belief as to the state of the spirits of the dead, iv. 11; their fear of meteors, iv. 63; their practice of killing first-born girls, iv. 186; their custom of infanticide, iv. 197; their festivals at the rising of the Pleiades, vii. 309; their way of bilking the ghosts of ostriches, viii. 245; their fear of demons, ix. 78 _sq._; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 56; masquerade of boys among the, x. 57 _n._ 1; marriage feast extinct among the, x. 75 _n._ 2

Lenormant, François, on the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 39 _n._ 1; on Demeter as an Earth goddess, vii. 40 _n._ 3

Lent, personified by an actor or effigy, iv. 226, 230; symbolized by a seven-legged effigy, iv. 244 _sq._; ceremony at Halberstadt in, ix. 214; perhaps derived from an old pagan period of abstinence observed for the growth of the seed, ix. 347 _sqq._; rule of continence during, ix. 348

——, the Buddhist, ix. 349 _sq._

——, the Indian and Fijian, v. 90

——, Queen of, iv. 244

——, and the Saturnalia, ix. 345 _sqq._

——, the first Sunday in, bonfires and torches on, x. 107 _sqq._

——, the third Sunday in, Death carried out on, iv. 238

——, the fourth Sunday in, Death carried out on, ii. 73 _sq._, iv. 233 _sq._, 235, 236; girl called the Queen on, ii. 87; called Dead Sunday, or Mid-Lent, iv. 221, 222 _n._ 1, 233 _sqq._, 250, 255

——, the fifth Sunday in, Death carried out on, iv. 234 _sq._, 239

Lenten fast, its origin, ix. 348

—— fires, x. 106 _sqq._

Lenz, H. O., on ancient names for mistletoe, xi. 318

Leo the Great, as to the celebration of Christmas, v. 305

—— the Tenth, pope, his boar-hunting, i. 6 _sq._

Leobschütz, district of Silesia, “Easter Smacks” in, ix. 268; Midsummer fires in, x. 170

Leonard, Major A. G., on death from imagination in Africa, iii. 136 _sq._; on sacrifices to prolong the lives of kings and others, vi. 222; on the custom of licking the blood from a sword with which a man has been killed, viii. 155; on the periodic expulsion of demons at Calabar, ix. 204 _n._ 1; on souls of people in animals, xi. 206 _n._ 2

Leonidas, funeral games in his honour, iv. 94

Leopard, supposed transformation of a man into a, in West Africa, iv. 83 _sq._; the commonest familiar of Fan wizards, xi. 202. _See also_ Leopards

Leopard Societies of Western Africa, iv. 83

Leopard’s blood drunk, or its flesh or heart eaten to make the eater brave, viii. 141 _sq._

Leopard’s whiskers in a charm, viii. 167

Leopards, dead kings turn into, iv. 84; related to royal family of Dahomey, iv. 85; inspired human mediums of, viii. 213; revered by the Igaras of the Niger, viii. 228; ceremonies observed by the Ewe negroes after the slaughter of, viii. 228 _sqq._; souls of dead in, viii. 288, 289; lives of persons bound up with those of, xi. 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206; external human souls in, xi. 207. _See also_ Leopard

Lepanto, the Ignorrotes of, ii. 30

Leper disinterred as rain-charm, i. 285

Lepers sacrificed to the Mexican goddess of the White Maize, vii. 261; Mexican goddess of, ix. 292

Lepers’ Island, the soul as an eagle in, iii. 34; child’s soul brought back in, iii. 65

Lepidus, Marcus Aemilius, funeral games in his honour, iv. 96

Leprosy, king of Israel expected to heal, v. 23 _sq._; thought to be caused by drinking pig’s milk, viii. 24, 25; caused by eating a sacred animal, viii. 25 _sqq._; thought to be caused by injuring a totemic animal, viii. 26 _sq._; in the Old Testament, viii. 27; Hebrew custom as to, ix. 35; Mexican goddess of, ix. 292

Lepsius, R., on a sort of carnival in Fazoql, iv. 17 _n._ 2; his identification of Osiris with the sun, vi. 121 _sq._

Lerbach, in the Harz Mountains, custom on Midsummer Day at, ii. 66

Lerida in Catalonia, funeral of the Carnival at, iv. 225 _sq._

Lerons of Borneo, use of magical images among the, i. 59

_Lerotse_ leaves used in purification, viii. 69

Lerpiu, a powerful spirit revered by the Dinka and embodied in the rain-maker, iv. 32

Lerwick, winds sold at, i. 326; ceremony of Up-helly-a’ at, ix. 169, x. 269 _n._ 1; Christmas _guizing_ at, x. 268 _sq._; procession with lighted tar-barrels on Christmas Eve at, x. 268

Lesachthal (Carinthia), new fire at Easter in the, x. 124

Lesbos, barren fruit-trees threatened in, ii. 22; superstition as to shadows in, iii. 89; building custom in, iii. 89; charm to prevent the consummation of marriage in, iii. 300; the harvest Hare in, vii. 280; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15; fires on St. John’s Eve in, x. 211 _sq._

Leschiy, a woodland spirit in Russia, ii. 124 _sq._

Leslie, David, on Caffre belief as to spirits of the dead incarnate in serpents, xi. 211 _n._ 2, 212 _n._

Lesneven, in Brittany, burning of an effigy (of Carnival) on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 229 _sq._

Leti, island of, taboos observed by women and children during war in, i. 131; treatment of the navel-string in, i. 187; marriage of the Sun and Earth in, ii. 98 _sq._; theory of earthquakes in, v. 198; annual expulsion of diseases in a proa in, ix. 199

Leto said to have clasped a tree before bearing Apollo and Artemis, ii. 58

Letopolis, neck of Osiris at, vi. 11

Lettermore Island, Midsummer fires in, x. 203

Letts of Russia, swing to make the flax grow high, iv. 157, 277, vii. 107; their celebration of the summer solstice, iv. 280; their annual festival of the dead, vi. 74 _sq._; their sacrifices to wolves, viii. 284; Midsummer fires among the, x. 177 _sq._; gather aromatic plants on Midsummer Day, xi. 50

Leucadia, magical rock in, i. 161

Leucadians, their use of human scapegoats, ix. 254

Leucippe, daughter of Minyas, her Bacchic fury, iv. 164

Lévi, Professor Sylvain, on the magical nature of sacrifice in ancient India, i. 228 _sq._

Leviathan or Rahab, a dragon of the sea, iv. 106 _n._ 2

Leviticus (xviii. 24 _sq._) on sexual crime as a defilement of the land, ii. 114 _sq._

Lewin, Captain T. H., on the tug-of-war among the Chukmas, ix. 174 _sq._

Lewis, E. W., on the sting of bees as a cure for rheumatism, iii. 106 _n._ 2

Lewis, Rev. Thomas, on the mind of the savage, iii. 420 _n._ 1

Lewis, Professor W. J., x. 127 _n._ 1

Lewis the Pious, institutes the Feast of All Saints, vi. 83

Lewis, the island of, tying up the wind in knots in, i. 326; need-fire in, ii. 238, x. 293; the Old Wife at harvest in, vii. 140 _sq._; custom of fiery circle in the, x. 151 _n._

_Lexicon Mythologicum_, author of, on the Golden Bough, xi. 284 _n._ 3

Leza, supreme being recognized by the Bantu tribes of Northern Rhodesia,