vii. 123;

of Mirzapur, their use of scapegoats, ix. 192

Koryaks, of North-Eastern Asia, sacred fire-boards of the, ii. 225; race for a bride among the, ii. 302; their mode of detaining the souls of the dying, iii. 32 _sq._; voluntary deaths among the, iv. 13; their ceremonies at killing bears, wolves, and foxes, viii. 223; their ceremonies at the slaughter of whales, viii. 232 _sqq._; propitiate the foxes which they kill, viii. 244; their belief in demons, ix. 100 _sq._; expulsion of demons among the, ix. 126 _sq._; their festivals of the dead and subsequent purification, xi. 178; their custom in time of pestilence, xi. 179

Koshchei the Deathless, Russian story of, xi. 108 _sqq._

_Kosio_, a dedicated person among the Ewe-speaking peoples of the Slave Coast, v. 65, 66, 68

Koskimo Indians of British Columbia, mourning customs of the, iii. 144; their cannibal rites, vii. 20 _n._; use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 229 _n._

Kosti, in Thrace, carnival customs at, vi. 99 _sq._, vii. 23 _sq._

Kostroma, funeral of, in Russia, iv. 261 _sqq._

Kostroma, district of Russia, the burial of Yarilo in, iv. 262 _sq._

Kostrubonko, funeral of, at Easter in Russia, iv. 261

Kot, a mythical being of New Britain, iii. 384

Kota Gadang, in Sumatra, rain-charm at, i. 308 _sq._

Kotas, a tribe of Southern India, their priests not allowed to be widowers, vi. 230

Kotchène, a Chukchee chief, sacrificed in time of pestilence, i. 367 _n._ 1

Kotedougou, in West Africa, annual dances of disguised men at, ix. 136 _n._ 1

Kothluwalawa, a sacred lake of the Zuni, viii. 179

Kou or Koo, Esthonian thunder-god, ii. 367 _n._ 4

Koui hunters in Laos, why they hamstring game, viii. 267

Koukoura, in Elis, swinging on St. George’s Day at, iv. 283

Kowraregas, the, of the Prince of Wales Islands, avoidance of parents-in-law among, iii. 346; changes of vocabulary among, caused by fear of naming the dead, iii. 358 _sq._

Krajina, in Servia, divination on St. George’s Day at, ii. 345

Krapf, Dr. J. L., on a reported custom of sacrificing first-born sons in East Africa, iv. 183 _n._ 1

_Krautweihe_, the blessing of the herbs, on August 15th in Germany, i. 15 _n._ 2

Kreemer, J., on the fear of the dead among the Looboos of Sumatra, xi. 182 _sq._

Kretschmer, Professor P., on native population of Cyprus, v. 145 _n._ 3; on Cybele and Attis, v. 287 _n._ 2

Kreutzburg, in East Prussia, the harvest Goat at, vii. 282

Kriml, in the Tyrol, custom of throwing stones into the waterfall of, ix. 26 _n._ 1

Krishna, Hindoo god, his incarnation Govindji, i. 284; his images swung in swings, i. 406; thought to be incarnate in the Maharajas, i. 406; annually married to the Holy Basil (_tulasi_), ii. 26; his wife Rukmini, ii. 26; festival of swinging in honour of, iv. 279; worshipped by men who assimilate themselves to women, vi. 254

Kroeber, A. L., on the seclusion of girls at puberty among the Indians of California, x. 41 _sq._

Krooben, a malevolent spirit among the Kamilaroi, viii. 100

Kruijt, A. C., on superstition as to written names, iii. 319; on the custom of naming parents after their children, iii. 333 _n._ 5; on head-hunting, v. 296 _n._ 1; on the Indonesian conception of the rice-soul, vii. 182 _sq._; on Toradja custom as to the working of iron, xi. 154 _n._ 3

Kruman, his anxiety about his dream-soul, iii. 71

Kru-men of West Africa die from imagination, iii. 136 _sq._; personal names concealed among the, iii. 322 _sq._

Kshetrpal, a Himalayan deity, viii. 117

Kshira, a village of Bengal, knife for religious suicide at, iv. 55 _n._ 1

Kü-yung, city in China, precautions against an evil spirit in, iii. 239

Kuar, an Indian month, vi. 144, ix. 181

Kubary, J., on the system of mother-kin among the Pelew Islanders, vi. 204 _sqq._; on the gods of the Pelew Islanders, ix. 81 _sq._

Kublai Khan, his mode of executing a royal criminal, iii. 242

Kudulu, a hill tribe of India, their human sacrifices for the crops, vii. 244

Kuei-Ki, in China, i. 414

Kuel, whale-festival of the Koryaks at, viii. 232

_Kuga_, an evil spirit in Slavonia, expelled by fire, x. 282

Kuhn, Adalbert, on need-fire, x. 273; on Midsummer fire, x. 335; on the divining-rod, xi. 67

Kühnau, R., on precautions against witches in Silesia, xi. 20 _n._

Kuinda, Cilician fortress, v. 144 _n._ 1

Κυκέων, the communion cup in the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 161 _n._ 4

_Kuker_ and _Kukerica_, carnival mummers in Thrace and Bulgaria, viii. 332, 333, 334

Kuki-Lushai, men dressed as women to deceive dangerous ghosts or spirits among the, vi. 263

Kukis of Assam, parents named after their children among the, iii. 333; their custom after killing a tiger, viii. 155 _n._ 5

Kuklia, Old Paphos, v. 33, 36

Kukulu, a priestly king in Lower Guinea, iii. 5

Kukunjevac, in Slavonia, need-fire at, x. 282

Kulin nation of South-Eastern Australia, sex totems in the, xi. 216

—— tribe of Victoria, avoidance of the wife’s mother in the, iii. 84; man endowed with bear’s spirit in the, xi. 226 _n._ 1

Kull Gossaih, goddess of a hill tribe in India, viii. 118

Kumaon, in North-Western India, custom observed by men who have been supposed dead, in, i. 75 _n._ 3; rain-making in, i. 278; use of frogs in rain-charms in, i. 293; way of stopping rain in, i. 303; bullocks as scapegoats at funerals in, ix. 37; ceremony of sliding down a rope in, ix. 196 _sq._; the Holi festival in, xi. 2

Kumis, the, of South-Eastern India, their precautions against the demon of smallpox, ix. 117

Kunama, tribe on the borders of Abyssinia, consult a rain-maker, ii. 3

Kundi in Cilicia, v. 144

Kunnui, in Yezo, bear-festival of the Ainos at, viii. 185 _sqq._

Kuopio, in Finland, sacred grove at, ii. 11

Kupalo, mythical being in Russia, funeral of, iv. 261, 262; figure of, passed across fire at Midsummer, v. 250 _sq._; a deity of vegetation, v. 253; image of, burnt or thrown into stream on St. John’s Night, x. 176; effigy of, carried across fire and thrown into water, xi. 5, 23

Kupalo’s Night, Midsummer Eve, x. 175, 176

Kupferberg, in Bavaria, harvest custom at, vii. 232

Kupole’s festival at Midsummer in Prussia, v. 253

Kuria, in Thrace, masquerade at carnival at, viii. 332

Kurile Islands, the Ainos of the, viii. 180

Kurmis of India, marriage to trees among the, ii. 57 _n._ 3; their use of a scapegoat in time of cholera, ix. 190

Kurnai, a tribe of Gippsland, wind-maker among the, i. 324; their belief as to women’s shadows, iii. 83; avoidance of the wife’s mother among the, iii. 84; their fear of naming the dead, iii. 350 _sq._; their fear of the Aurora Australis, iv. 267 _n._ 1; sex totems and fights concerning them among the, xi. 215 _n._ 1, 216

Kurs of East Prussia, their homoeopathic magic at sowing, i. 137

Kursk, in Russia, rain-making at, i. 277; harvest custom near, vii. 233

Kururumany, the Arawak creator, ix. 302

Kuruvikkarans of Southern India, inspired priest of Kali among the, i. 382

Kurze, G., on the power of medicine-men among the Lengua Indians, i. 359

Kusavans, potters of Southern India, their votive images, i. 56 _n._ 3

Kushunuk, near Cape Vancouver, Esquimau festival at, viii. 249 _n._ 1

Kuskokwim River, in Alaska, ix. 380

Küstendil, in Bulgaria, need-fire at, x. 281

Kutonaqa Indians of British Columbia, their sacrifice of their first-born children to the sun, iv. 183 _sq._

Kvasir, in Norse mythology, the wisest of beings, his blood and wisdom absorbed by Odin, i. 241

Kwa River, in West Africa, propitiation of goddess who dwells in the, ix. 28

Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, their treatment of the afterbirth, i. 197 _sq._; their contagious magic of wounds, i. 201 _sq._; their beliefs and customs concerning twins, i. 263, 324; their custom as to coffining the dead, iii. 53; the swallowing of souls by shamans among the, iii. 76 _sq._; customs observed by cannibals among the, iii. 159 _n._, 188 _sqq._; change of names in summer and winter among the, iii. 386; their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130 _n._ 1; cannibals among the, vii. 20; their ceremonies at killing a wolf, viii. 220; their belief in the resurrection of salmon, viii. 250; their masked dances, ix. 376 _n._ 2, 378; their story of an ogress whose life was in a hemlock branch, xi. 152; pass through a hemlock ring in time of epidemic, xi. 186

—— medicine-men capture stray souls, iii. 67 _n._

Kwilu River, in the Congo State, vii. 119

_Kwun_, the spirit of the head, in Siam, iii. 252; supposed to reside in the hair, iii. 266 _sq._

Kylenagranagh, the hill of, in Ireland, the fairies on, x. 324

La Ciotat, near Marseilles, hunting the wren at, viii. 321

L’Étoile, Lenten fires at, x. 113

La Manche, in Normandy, Lenten fire-custom in, x. 115

La Palisse, in France, dough man eaten at close of harvest at, viii. 48 _sq._

La Paz, in Bolivia, Midsummer fires at, x. 213; Midsummer flowers at, xi. 50 _sq._

La Rochelle, effigy of Shrove Tuesday burnt on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 230

La Trobe River in Victoria, iii. 109

Labbé, P., on the _inao_ of the Ainos, viii. 186 _n._

Labour, division of, between the sexes, vii. 129

Labrador, fear of demons in, ix. 79 _sq._

Labraunda in Caria, Zeus Labraundeus worshipped at, v. 182 _n._ 4

Labruguière, in Southern France, expulsion of evil spirits on Twelfth Night at, ix. 166

_Labrys_, Lydian word for axe, v. 182

Labyrinth, the Cretan, iv. 71, 74, 75, 76, 77

Labyrinths in churches, iv. 76; in the north of Europe, iv. 76 _sq._

Lac, taboos observed in gathering, i. 115

Lac gatherers not allowed to wash, i. 115

Lacaune, belief as to mistletoe at, xi. 83

Lacedaemon, Fig Dionysus at, vii. 4

Lachlan River, in Australia, novices thought to be slain and resuscitated on the, xi. 233

Lachlins of Rum and deer, superstition concerning, xi. 284

Laconia, stone associated with Orestes in, i. 161; subject to earthquakes, v. 203 _n._ 2

Lactantius, on the grove of Egeria, i. 18 _n._ 4; on Hippolytus as the lover of Artemis, i. 39 _n._ 1; on sacrifice to Hercules, i. 282 _n._ 1; on the rites of Osiris, vi. 85

Lacueva, Father, missionary to the Yuracares, ii. 205 _n._

Lada, mythical being in Russia, the funeral of, iv. 261, 262

Ladakh, offerings of wheat-harvest to spirit of agriculture in, viii. 117

Ladder for the use of a tree-spirit, ii. 35; to facilitate the descent of the sun, ii. 99; for use of soul, iii. 47

Ladders of paper pinned to shoulders of women at Mid-Lent, iv. 241

Ladon, in Arcadia, the wooded gorge of the river, ii. 8

Ladyday, divining rod to be secured in the twilight between the third day and the night after, xi. 282

_Laetare_, the fourth Sunday in Lent, iv. 222 _n._ 1; custom observed by the Germans of Moravia on, ii. 63

Laevinus, M. Valerius, funeral games in his honour, iv. 96

Lafitau, J. F., on namesakes of the dead regarded as their reincarnation, iii. 365 _sq._

Lagarde, P. A. de, on the “Ride of the Beardless One,” ix. 402, 405

Lagash in Babylonia, votive cones of clay found at, v. 35 _n._ 5

Lago di Naftia in Sicily, v. 221 _n._ 4

Lagos, in West Africa, i. 365, iv. 112; Ibadan in the interior of, iv. 203; human sacrifices for the crops at, vii. 239 _sq._

Lagrange, Father M. J., on the mourning for Adonis as a harvest rite, v. 231

Laguna, Pueblo village of New Mexico, festival of the dead at, vi. 54 _n._ 2

Lahn, the Yule log in the valley of the, x. 248

_Laibon_, medicine-men among the Masai, i. 343

Laius and Oedipus, iv. 193

Lake inhabited by mythical serpents, i. 156; by a dragon, xi. 112 _sq._

Lake-dwellers of Europe, barley cultivated by the, vii. 132

—— -dwellings of prehistoric Europe, ii. 352 _sq._

Lakes, gods of lakes married to women, ii. 150 _sq._; human victims thrown into, as offerings to water spirits, ii. 158 _sq._

Lakhubai, an Indian goddess, gardens of Adonis in her worship, v. 243

Lakomba, an island of Fiji, reeds tied together to prevent the sun from going down in, i. 316

Lakor, island of, taboos observed by women and children during war in, i. 131; treatment of the navel-string in, i. 187; theory of earthquakes in, v. 198; annual expulsion of diseases in a proa in, ix. 199

Lakshmi, wife of Vishnu, supposed to pervade the Holy Basil (_tulasi_) plant, ii. 26

Laluba, the, of the Upper Nile, rain-maker as chiefs among, i. 345

Lama of Tibet, the Grand, i. 411 _sq._, ix. 197, 220, 221, 222; mode of determining a new, i. 411; his palace at Lhasa, i. 412; worshipped as a true and living god, i. 412; and Sankara, iii. 78. _See also_ Lamas

——, the Teshu, embassy of George Bogle to, ix. 203

Lamaist sects, ix. 94

Lamas, Grand, Buddha supposed to be incarnate in the, i. 410 _sq._

Lamas River in Cilicia, v. 149, 150

Lamb, blood of, drunk by priestess to procure inspiration, i. 381; thrown into lake as offering to Hades, vii. 15; killed sacramentally, viii. 314 _sq._; burnt alive to save the rest of the flock, x. 301

—— and pig as expiatory victims, iii. 226

—— of Mycenae, the golden, i. 365

Lambing, time of, ii. 328 _n._ 4

Lame, woman who throws fish-bones into sea, pretends to be, viii. 254

Lame Goat, the, at harvest in Skye, vii. 284

“—— reign,” Sparta warned against a, iv. 38

Lamentations of Egyptian reapers, v. 232, vi. 45; of the savage for the animals and plants which he eats, vi. 43 _sq._; of Cherokee Indians “after the first working of the crop,” vi. 47; of the Karok Indians at cutting sacred wood, vi. 47 _sq._; pretended, for insects which destroy the crops, viii. 279 _sq._

Laments for Tammuz, v. 9 _sq._; for dead kings of Judah, v. 20; for Osiris, vi. 12

Lammas, the 1st of August, great fairs in Ireland at, iv. 99, 100, 101; a harvest festival; iv. 105; superstitious practice of Highlanders at, x. 98 _n._ 1

_Lamoa_, gods in Poso, xi. 154

Lampblack used to avert the evil eye, vi. 261

Lampong in Sumatra, the natives of, adore the sea, iii. 10

Lamps, dedication of burning, i. 12 _sq._; in the grove at Nemi, i. 13; to light the ghosts to their old homes, iii. 371, vi. 51 _sq._; for the use of ghosts at the Feast of All Souls, vi. 72, 73. _See also_ Lanterns

Lampsacus, citizens of, excluded from games in honour of Miltiades, iv. 94; Persephone as corn-goddess on a coin of, vii. 44.

Lampson, M. W., on substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 146, 273

Lanarkshire, “burning out the Old Year” at Biggar in, ix. 165

Lancashire, custom of catching the breath and soul of the dying in, iv. 200; All Souls’ Day in, vi. 79; Hallowe’en customs in, x. 244 _sq._

Lancelot constrained to be king, iv. 120 _sq._, 135

_Lanchang_, a Malay craft, ix. 187

Land cleared for cultivation by men, vii. 113 _sq._, 117 _sqq._

Landak, district of Dutch Borneo, the Dyaks of, names of parents and grandparents not to be mentioned among, iii. 340; bride and bridegroom not to tread the earth among, x. 5; birth-trees for children among, xi. 164

Lande-Patry in Normandy, game of ball on Shrove Tuesday at, ix. 183

Landen, the battlefield of, outcrop of poppies on, v. 234

Landowners, sacrifices offered to spirits of former, vii. 228

Lane, E. W., on the fire-drill of the ancient Bedouins, ii. 209 _n._ 4; on the rise of the Nile, vi. 31 _n._ 1; on the omnipresence of jinn in Egypt, ix. 104

Lanercost, Chronicle of, need-fire noticed in the, x. 286

Lanfine, in Ayrshire, mode of cutting the last corn at, vii. 154

Lang, Andrew, on stories of the type of Cupid and Psyche, iv. 130 _n._ 1; on the bull-formed Dionysus, viii. 4; on the fire-walk, xi. 2 _n._ 1; on the bull-roarer, xi. 228 _n._ 2

Langenbielau, in Silesia, custom at threshing at, vii. 148 _sq._

Langensalza, Grass King at Whitsuntide near, ii. 85

Langrim, a Khasi state, king elected by all adult males in, ii. 295

Language of animals acquired by eating serpent’s flesh, viii. 146; learned by means of fern-seed, xi. 66 _n._

—— of birds, learned by means of serpents, i. 158; learned by tasting dragon’s blood, viii. 146

—— of birds and beasts, knowledge of the, possessed by Indian king, iv. 123

——, change of, caused by taboo on the names of the dead, iii. 358 _sqq._, 375, 380; caused by taboo on the names of chiefs and kings, iii. 375, 376 _sqq._

—— of husbands and wives, difference between, iii. 347 _sq._

—— of men and women, difference between, iii. 348 _sq._

——, special, devoted to the person and attributes of the king of Siam, i. 401; employed by hunters, iii. 396, 398, 399, 400, 402, 404, 410; employed by searchers for eagle-wood and _lignum aloes_, iii. 404; employed by searchers for camphor, iii. 405 _sqq._; employed by miners, iii. 407, 409; employed by reapers at harvest, iii. 410 _sq._, 411 _sq._; employed by sailors at sea, iii. 413 _sqq._

——. _See also_ Speech _and_ Words

Lanquineros, Indians of Central America, their period of abstinence before sowing, ii. 105

_L ’ánṣăra_ (_El Anṣarah_), Midsummer Day in North Africa, x. 213, 214 _n._

_Lantana salvifolia_, burnt by Nandi women in cornfields, vi. 47

Lanterns, the Feast of, in Japan, vi. 65, ix. 151 _sq._ _See also_ Lamps

Lanuvium, King of the Sacred Rites at, i. 44 _n._ 1; sacred serpent at, viii. 18

Lanyon, in Cornwall, holed stone near, xi. 187

Lanzone, R. V., on the rites of Osiris, vi. 87 _n._ 5

Laodice, a Hyperborean maiden, at Delos, i. 34 _n._

Laodicea in Syria, human sacrifices at, iv. 166 _n._ 1

Laon, Midsummer fires near, x. 187

Laos, a province of Siam, taboos observed by rhinoceros hunters and gatherers of lac in, i. 115; taboos observed by wives of absent elephant-hunters in, i. 120; rain-making at New Year in, i. 251; fire on hearth extinguished after a death in, ii. 267 _n._ 4; precautions against strangers in, iii. 104; knotted grass a charm used by hunters in, iii. 306; special language used by elephant-hunters in, iii. 404; hunters never step over their weapons in, iii. 424; boxers at funerals in, iv. 97; infants at birth placed in rice-sieves in, vii. 8; Koui hunters hamstring game in, viii. 267; ravages of rats in, viii. 282 _n._ 8; prayers at cairns in, ix. 29; beginning of year in, ix. 149 _n._ 2; elephant-hunters not allowed to touch the ground in, x. 5; the natives of, their doctrine of the plurality of souls, xi. 222

Laosian village, divinity of salt-pans at a, i. 410

Laosians of Siam, their belief in demons, ix. 97

Laphystian Zeus, his sanctuary at Alus, iv. 161; ram with golden fleece sacrificed to, iv. 162; sacrifices offered to, by the house of Athamas, iv. 163; sanctuary of, on Mount Laphystius, iv. 164; king’s eldest son liable to be sacrificed to, iv. 164 _sq._, vii. 25

Laphystius, Mount, in the land of Orchomenus, iv. 164

_Lapis manalis_ used in rain-making ceremony at Rome, i. 310

Lappland, tying up the wind in knots in, i. 326

Lapps will not extinguish fire in absence of fishers, i. 121; the forest-god of the, ii. 125; their customs after killing a bear, iii. 221, viii. 224, xi. 280 _n._; loose knots on lying-in women, iii. 294; brass ring worn as an amulet among the, iii. 314; reincarnation of ancestors among the, iii. 368; fear to call bears by their true name, iii. 398; arranged the bones of the animals they ate in anatomical order for the purpose of facilitating their resurrection, viii. 257; their rule as to menstruous women, x. 91; their story of the external soul, xi. 149 _sq._

Larch-tree, sacred, in the Tyrol, ii. 20

Lares, images of the, beside the hearth, ii. 206

Larka Kols of India, their belief in tree-spirits, ii. 42

Larkspur, looking at Midsummer bonfires through bunches of, x. 163, 165 _sq._

Larnax Lapethus in Cyprus, Melcarth worshipped at, v. 117

Laro, a Nuba spirit, viii. 114

Larrakeeyah or Larrekiya, Australian tribe, their belief in conception without cohabitation, v. 103; their treatment of girls at puberty, x. 38

_Larvae_ or _lares_, viii. 94 _n._ 5

Last day of the year, annual expulsion of demons on the, ix. 145 _sqq._ _See also_ Hogmanay

—— sheaf called “the Dead One,” iv. 254. _See_ Sheaf

Lateran Museum, statue of Attis in the, v. 279

—— statue of Ephesian Artemis, i. 38 _n._ 1

Latham, R. G., on succession to husband’s property among the Kocchs, vi. 215 _n._ 2

Latin Christianity, its tolerance of rustic paganism, ix. 346

—— confederacy, the, in relation to sacred Arician grove, i. 22 _sq._

—— festival, the great (_Feriae Latinae_), iv. 283

—— kings thought to be the sons of the fire-god by mortal mothers, ii. 195 _sqq._; lists of, ii. 268 _sqq._; stories of their miraculous birth, ii. 272

—— League, the, ii. 386

—— mode of reckoning intervals of time, iv. 59 _n._ 1

Latins, sanctity of the woodpecker among the, iv. 186 _n._ 4

Latinus, King, changed into Latian Jupiter, ii. 187; founder of the Alban dynasty, ii. 197; his wife a Vestal, ii. 235; his disappearance, iv. 283

Latium, many local Jupiters in, ii. 184; in antiquity, the woods of, ii. 188; succession to the kingdom in ancient, ii. 266 _sqq._; female descent of the kingship in, ii. 271; the rustic militia of, shod only on one foot, iii. 311

Latuka, Lion-chief in, viii. 228

Latukas of the Upper Nile, rain-makers as chiefs among the, i. 346; punish their chiefs for drought and failure of the crops, i. 354; custom at childbirth among the, iii. 245; burn women’s hair after childbirth, iii. 284

Laughing forbidden to hunters, iii. 196

Laughlan Islanders, their belief and custom as to shooting stars, iv. 63

Launceston, in Cornwall, Midsummer bonfire near, ii. 141

Laurel grown in place of purification, i. 26; eaten by Apollo’s prophetess, i. 384; Apollo’s prophetess fumigated with, i. 384; branch of, carried by Roman general in his triumph, ii. 175; wreath of, worn by Roman general in his triumph, ii. 175; used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 251, 252; Cadmus crowned with, iv. 78 _sq._, vi. 241; crown of, substituted for crown of oak leaves as prize in the Pythian games, iv. 80; reason for substitution of laurel for oak, iv. 81 _sq._; Apollo crowned with wreath of laurel at Tempe, iv. 81, vi. 240; gold wreath of, worn by priest of Hercules, v. 143; in purificatory rites, vi. 240 _sq._, ix. 262

——, sacred, used to form the victor’s crown at Delphi and Thebes, iv. 78 _sqq._; guarded by a dragon, iv. 79 _sq._; chewed by priestess of Apollo, iv. 80

Laurel-Bearer at Thebes, iv. 88 _sq._, vi. 241

—— bearing, festival of the, at Thebes, iv. 78 _sq._, 88 _sq._, vi. 241

—— -Bearing Apollo, iv. 79 _n._ 3

Laurels, in sacred grove of Dia, ii. 122; in Latium, ii. 188; Roman ceremony of renewing the, ix. 346 _n._ 1

Laurus and Florus, feast of, on August 18th, x. 220

Lausitz, Midsummer fires in, x. 170; marriage oaks in, xi. 165. _See also_ Lusatia

Lavinia, daughter of Amata, ancestress of the Alban kings, ii. 197, 197 _n._ 4

Lavinium, worship of Vesta at, i. 14, ii. 197 _n._ 4

Lawes, W. G., on the belief in ghosts among the natives of British New Guinea, ix. 84 _sq._

Lawgivers, ancient, on the uncleanness of women at menstruation, x. 95 _sq._

_Laws of Manu_, on the effects of a good king’s reign, i. 366; on the divinity of kings and Brahmans, i. 403; on a father as born again in his own son, iv. 188; on the transmigration of evil-doers into animals, viii. 298 _sq._

Laws of nature, the conception of, not primitive, i. 374

Laying hands on children to bless them, i. 367

Laziness transferred to a cornel-tree, ix. 55

Lazy Man, a Midsummer masker enclosed in a leafy framework, ii. 83

Le Mole, on the Lake of Nemi, i. 17

Lead, melted, in Arab cure for melancholy or madness, ix. 4; divination by melted lead at Hallowe’en, x. 242

Leaf, lost soul brought back in a, iii. 67. _See also_ Leaves

Leaf-clad dancers, vii. 95

—— -clad mummer on Midsummer Day, xi. 25 _sq._

—— -clad mummers, ii. 74 _sqq._, 78 _sqq._; mock marriage of, ii. 97; represent the powers of vegetation, ii. 97; at Whitsuntide, iv. 207 _sqq._

—— King, the, at Hildesheim on Whit-Monday, ii. 85

—— Man representative of tree-god in India, ix. 61; the Little, in spring at Ruhla in Thüringen, ii. 80 _sq._

Leafy bust at Nemi, portrait of the King of the Wood, i. 41 _sq._

Leake, W. M., on flowers in Asia Minor, v. 187 _n._ 6

Leaning against a tree prohibited to warriors, iii. 162, 163

Leaping, a contest at the Eleusinian games, vii. 110

—— over fire at the Parilia, ii. 327; as a Roman purification, ii. 329; as a form of purification among the Esquimaux, viii. 249; after a burial to escape the ghost, xi. 18

—— over bonfires to make the flax or hemp grow tall, v. 251, x. 119, 165, 166 _sq._, 168, 173, 174, 337; to get rid of the devil, ix. 156; to ensure good crops, x. 107; as a preventive of colic, x. 107, 195 _sq._, 344; to ensure a happy marriage, x. 107, 108; to ensure a plentiful harvest, x. 155, 156; to be free from backache at reaping, x. 165, 168; as a preventive of fever, x. 166, 173, 194; for luck, x. 171, 189; in order to be free from ague, x. 174; in order to marry and have many children, x. 204, 338 _sq._; as cure of sickness, x. 214; to procure offspring, x. 214, 338; over ashes of fire as remedy for skin diseases, xi. 2; a panacea for almost all ills, xi. 20; as a protection against witchcraft, xi. 40

—— and dancing to make the crops grow high, i. 137 _sqq._, vii. 110, viii. 330 _sq._, ix. 232, 238 _sqq._

—— of women over the Midsummer bonfires to ensure an easy delivery, x. 194, 339. _See also_ Jumping

Leaps, high and long, at New Year festival of the Kayans, vii. 98; of the Salii at Rome, ix. 232; of lovers over the Mid-summer bonfires, x. 165, 166, 168, 174. _See_ Leaping

Learchus, son of King Athamas, iv. 161; killed by his father, iv. 162, vii. 24

Leared, A., on the Isowa or Aïsawa sect in Morocco, vii. 21 _sq._

Leather, Mrs. Ella Mary, on the Yule log in Herefordshire, x. 257 _sq._

Leather of priestess’s shoes not to be made from hide of beast that died a natural death, iii. 14

Leavened bread, Flamen Dialis not allowed to touch, iii. 13

Leaves, disease transferred to, ix. 2, 259; fatigue transferred to, ix. 8 _sqq._; thrown on dead chameleons, ix. 28; thrown on heap at ford, ix. 28; used to expel demons, ix. 201, 206, 262. _See also_ Leaf

—— and flowers as talismans, vi. 242 _sq._

—— and twigs of trees as fodder of cattle in Southern Europe, ii. 328

Leaving food over, taboos on, iii. 126 _sqq._

Leavings of food, magic wrought by means of, iii. 118, 119, 126 _sqq._

Lebadea, altar of Rainy Zeus at, ii. 360 _n._ 8; Trophonius at, iv. 166 _n._ 1.

Lebanon, peasants of the, their custom as to children’s cast teeth, i. 181 _sq._; the forests of Mount, v. 14; the charm of the, v. 235; peasants of the, their dread of menstruous women, x. 83 _sq._

——, Aphrodite of the, v. 30

——, Baal of the, v. 32

Lech, a tributary of the Danube, vi. 70; Midsummer fires in the valley of the, x. 166

Lechrain, milk-stones in, i. 165; Burial of the Carnival in, iv. 231; Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70 _sq._; the divining rod in, xi. 68

Lecky, W. E. H., on the influence of great men on the popular imagination,