ix. 163

Iserlohn in Westphalia, custom of “quickening” cattle on May morning at, ix. 266 _sq._

Isfendiyar and Rustem, x. 104 _sq._, 314

Ishtar, great Babylonian goddess, her love for Tammuz, v. 8 _sq._; her descent into the world of the dead, v. 8 _sq._, ix. 406; her title Dodah, v. 20 _n._ 2; associated with Sirius, ix. 359 _n._ 1; Esther equivalent to, ix. 365; served by harlots, ix. 372; at Erech, ix. 398; her visit to Anu, ix. 399 _n._ 1; goddess of fertility in animals, ix. 406 _n._ 1 _See also_ Astarte

—— (Astarte) and Mylitta, v. 36, 37 _n._ 1

—— and Gilgamesh, ix. 371 _sq._, 398 _sq._

—— and Semiramis, ix. 369 _sqq._

—— and Tammuz, ix. 399, 406

_Isilimela_, the Pleiades, among the Amazulu, vii. 316

Isis, shrine of, at Nemi, i. 5; watches over childbirth, ii. 133; how she discovered the name of Ra, iii. 387 _sqq._; in Sirius, iv. 5, vi. 34 _sq._, 152; and the king’s son at Byblus, v. 180; invoked by Egyptian reapers, v. 232, vi. 45, 117; sister and wife of Osiris, vi. 6 _sq._, 116; and the scorpions, vi. 8; in the form of a hawk, vi. 8, 20; in the papyrus swamps, vi. 8; in the form of a swallow, vi. 9; at Byblus, vi. 9 _sq._; at the well, vi. 9, 111 _n._ 6; her search for the body of Osiris, vi. 10, 50, 85; recovers and buries the body of Osiris, vi. 10 _sq._, vii. 262; mourns Osiris, vi. 12; restores Osiris to life, vi. 13; date of the festival of, vi. 26 _n._ 2, 33; her tears supposed to swell the Nile, vi. 33; as a cow or a woman with the head of a cow, vi. 50, 85, 88 _n._ 1, 91; her priest wears a jackal’s mask, vi. 85 _n._ 3; decapitated by her son Horus, vi. 88 _n._ 1; her temple at Philae, vi. 89, 111; her many names, vi. 115; a corn-goddess, vi. 116 _sq._; her discovery of wheat and barley, vi. 116; identified with Ceres, vi. 117; identified with Demeter, vi. 117; as the ideal wife and mother, vi. 117 _sq._; refinement and spiritualization of, vi. 117 _sq._; popularity of her worship in the Roman empire, vi. 118; her resemblance to the Virgin Mary, vi. 118 _sq._; dirge of, vii. 215; at Tithorea, festivals of, viii. 18 _n._ 1; in relation to cows, viii. 35; etymology of her name, viii. 35 _n._ 4; collects the scattered limbs of Osiris, viii. 264; the birth of, ix. 341

—— -Hathor, worship of, perhaps derived from reverence of pastoral peoples for their cattle, viii. 35 _n._ 2

—— and Osiris perhaps personated by human couples, ix. 386

Isistines Indians of Paraguay, mourners refrain from scratching their heads among the, iii. 159 _n._

Island, need-fire kindled in an, x. 290 _sq._, 291 _sq._

Islay, the _corp chre_ in, i. 68; the Old Wife at harvest in, vii. 141 _sq._; the harvest _Cailleach_ in, vii. 166; cures for toothache in, ix. 62

Isle de France, the May-tree and Father May in, ii. 74 _sq._; harvest customs in, vii. 221, 226; Midsummer giant burnt in, xi. 38

—— of Man, St. Bridget in the, ii. 94 _sq._; May Day in the, iv. 258; Queen of May and Queen of Winter in the, iv. 258; hunting the wren in the, viii. 318 _sq._; Beltane fires in the, x. 157. _See_ Man, Isle of

Isle of May, St. Mary’s well in, ii. 161

—— of St. Mary, inhabitants of, apologize to mother-whale for destroying her offspring, viii. 235

Islip, in Oxfordshire, May garlands at, ii. 62 _n._ 2

Isocrates on Aeacus, ii. 360 _n._; a competitor for prize of eloquence at Halicarnassus, iv. 95; on Demeter’s gift of the corn, vii. 54 _sq._

Isolation of the man-god, iii. 132

Isowa or Aïsawa, a religious order in Morocco, vii. 21. _See_ Aïsawa

Israelites covet the foreskins of the Philistines, i. 101 _n._ 2; their rules of ceremonial purity observed in war, iii. 157 _sq._, 177; their custom of burning their children in honour of Baal, iv. 168 _sqq._; their brazen serpent, viii. 281. _See also_ Jews

Issapoo, in Fernando Po, the cobracapella worshipped at, viii. 174

Issini on the Gold Coast, custom observed by executioners at, iii. 171 _sq._

Isthmian games held every two years, vii. 86; instituted in honour of Melicertes, iv. 93, 103

Istria, the Croats of, xi. 75

Iswara or Mahadeva, an Indian god, v. 241, 242

Italian and Celtic languages akin, ii. 189

—— money, the oldest, i. 23

—— peoples, ancient, their custom of the “sacred spring,” iv. 186

—— women, their disposal of their loose hair, iii. 281

Italians, their myths of kings or heroes begotten by the fire-god, vi. 235; their cure for fever, ix. 55; their season for sowing in spring, ix. 346; the oak the chief sacred tree among the ancient, xi. 89; their stories of the external soul, xi. 105 _sqq._; their ancient practice of passing conquered enemies under a yoke, xi. 193 _sq._

——, the early, a pastoral as well as an agricultural people, ii. 324

Italmens of Kamtchatka, their effigy of a wolf, viii. 173 _n._ 4

Italones, the, of the Philippine Islands, drink the blood of slain foes to acquire their courage, viii. 152

Italy, change in the flora of, i. 8; “Sawing the Old Woman” at Mid-Lent in, iv. 240 _sq._; seven-legged effigies of Lent in, iv. 244 _sq._; swinging as a festal rite in modern, iv. 283, 284; hot springs in, v. 213; divination at Midsummer in, v. 254; “killing the Hare” at harvest in, vii. 280; cure of warts in, ix. 48; birth-trees in, xi. 165; mistletoe in, xi. 316, 317

Italy, ancient, spinning on highroads forbidden to women in, i. 113, viii. 119 _n._ 5; forests of, ii. 8; tree-worship in, ii. 10; sacred groves in, ii. 122; oaks sacred to Jupiter in, ii. 361; vintage inaugurated by priests in, viii. 133; colleges of the Salii in, ix. 232; the Ambarvalia in, ix. 359

Itasy, Lake, in Madagascar, proclamation to crocodiles at, viii. 214

Itch of Hercules, v. 209

Itonamas of South America, their way of detaining the soul in the body, iii. 31

Itongo, an ancestral spirit (Zulu term, singular of Amatongo), iii. 88 _n._, vi. 184 _n._ 2, 185, viii. 166, xi. 202 _n._

Itzgrund, in Saxe-Coburg, the last sheaf called the Old Woman at, vii. 139

Ivory Coast, the Baoules of the, iii. 70; human souls in bats on the, viii. 287; totemism among the Siena of the, xi. 220 _n._ 2

Ivy chewed by Bacchanals, i. 384; identified or associated with Dionysus, ii. 251, vii. 4; used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 251, 252; prohibition to touch or name, iii. 13 _sq._; sacred to Attis, v. 278; sacred to Osiris, vi. 112; to dream on, x. 242

Ivy Girl in Kent, vii. 153

_Ixia_, a kind of mistletoe, xi. 317, 318

Iyyar, Assyrian month, corresponding to May, ii. 130

Izdubar. _See_ Gilgamesh

Ja-Luo tribes of Kavirondo, spearing a man’s shadow among the, iii. 79; purification of manslayers among the, iii. 177; eat leopard’s flesh to become brave, viii. 142

Jablanica, need-fire at, x. 286

Jabim. _See_ Yabim

Jablonski, P. E., on Osiris as a sun-god, vi. 120

Jabme-Aimo, the abode of the dead, among the Lapps, viii. 257

Jack-in-the-Green, ii. 82, xi. 37

—— o’ Lent, iv. 230

—— wood burnt in exorcism, iv. 216

Jackal, transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299

—— -god Up-uat, in ancient Egypt, vi. 154

Jackal’s head, Egyptian priest represented wearing a, vii. 260

—— heart not eaten lest it make the eater timid, viii. 141

—— mask worn by priest of Isis, vi. 85 _n._ 3

Jackals, tigers called, iii. 402, 403

Jackson, Professor Henry, on the Polemarch at Athens, iii. 22 _n._ 1; on the use of swallows as scapegoats in ancient Greece, ix. 35 _n._ 3

Jacob wrestling with the angel, American Indian parallel to the story of, viii. 264 _sqq._

Jacob of Edessa, viii. 280 _n._

Jacob, G., on the fire-drill of the ancient Bedouins, ii. 209

Jacobsen, J. Adrian, on the Secret Societies of North-Western America, ix. 377 _sqq._

Jaffa, new Easter fire carried to, x. 130 _n._

Jaga, title of the king of Cassange, iv. 56, 203

Jagas, a tribe of Angola, their custom of infanticide, iv. 196 _sq._

Jaggas of East Africa, their fire customs, ii. 259

Jagor, as to ignorance of the art of making fire, ii. 254 _n._

Jaguar imitated by actor or dancer, ix. 381

Jaguars eaten in order to acquire courage, viii. 140; souls of dead in, viii. 285, 286

Jahn, U., on girding fruit-trees with straw at Christmas, ii. 17 _n._ 5

Jaintias or Syntengs, a Khasi tribe of Assam, custom of religious suicide among the, iv. 55

Jakkaneri, in the Neilgherry Hills, the fire-walk at, xi. 9

Jakun, the, of the Malay Peninsula, power of medicine-men among the, i. 360; use a special language in searching for camphor, iii. 405

Jalina piramurana, a headman of the Dieri, i. 336

Jalno, temporary ruler at Lhasa, ix. 218 _sqq._

Jamadwitiya Day in Behar, brothers reviled by sisters on, i. 279

Jambi in Sumatra, temporary kings in, iv. 154

Jamblichus on insensibility to pain as sign of inspiration, v. 169; on the purifying virtue of fire, v. 181

James, M. R., on the charges of ritual murder brought against the Jews, ix. 395 _ns._ 2 and 3; on the Sibyl’s Wish, x. 100 _n._

James and Philip, the Apostles, feast of, x. 158

James II. touches for scrofula, i. 370

Jamieson, John, on the fairies and Trows, ix. 168 _n._ 1, 169 _n._ 2; on the “quarter-ill,” x. 296 _n._ 1

Jana, another form of Diana, ii. 381, 382, 383. _See_ Diana

_Jangam_, priest of the Lingayats, worshipped as a god, i. 404 _sq._

Janiculum hill, the, secession of the plebeians to, ii. 186; and the grove of Helernus, ii. 190 _n._ 3; the oak-woods of the, ii. 382; Janus as a king resident on, ii. 382

Jankari, a god, human sacrifices for the crops offered to, vii. 244

_Janua_, derived from Janus, ii. 384

January, the 6th of, reckoned in the East the Nativity of Christ, v. 304,