v. 104

Ingiald, son of King Aunund, ate wolf’s heart, viii. 146

Ingleborough in Yorkshire, underground streams near, v. 152; the need-fire near, x. 288

Ingleton in Yorkshire, need-fire at, x. 288

Ingniet or Ingiet, a secret society of New Britain, xi. 156

Inhaling smoke as means of inspiration, i. 383

Inheritance of property under mother-kin, rules of, vi. 203 _n._ 1

Inishmurray, perpetual fire in the monastery of, ii. 241 _sq._

Initiation, teeth knocked out at, in Australia, i. 176; custom of covering the mouth after, iii. 122; taboos observed by novices at, iii. 141 _sq._, 156 _sq._; new names given at, iii. 320, 383; in the Eleusinian mysteries associated with the hope of immortality, vii. 90 _sq._; by spirits, ix. 375; at puberty, pretence of killing the novice and bringing him to life again during, xi. 225 _sqq._; of young men, bull-roarers sounded at the, xi. 227 _sqq._, 233 _sqq._ _See also_ Initiatory Ceremonies

—— in Africa, xi. 251 _sqq._

—— in Australia, xi. 227, 233 _sq._; of a medicine-man in Australia, xi. 237 _sqq._

—— in Ceram, xi. 249 _sqq._

—— in Fiji, xi. 243 _sqq._; apparently intended to introduce the novices to the worshipful spirits of the dead, xi. 246

—— in German New Guinea, xi. 193

—— in Halmahera, xi. 248

—— in New Britain, xi. 246 _sq._

—— in New Guinea, xi. 239 _sqq._

—— in North America, xi. 266 _sqq._

—— in Rook, xi. 246

Initiatory ceremonies of Central Australian aborigines, i. 92 _sqq._; of the Australian aborigines perhaps intended to ensure reincarnation after death, i. 101, 106

—— rite, gashes cut in back of novice, vii. 106

Injibandi tribe of West Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, v. 105

Injury to a man’s shadow conceived as an injury to the man, iii. 78 _sqq._

Inn, the lower valley of the river, the “Grass-ringers” in, ix. 247; effigies burnt at Midsummer in, x. 172 _sq._

Innerste river of Central Germany, x. 124

Inning Goose, name for the harvest-supper, vii. 277 _n._ 3

Innocents, Bishop of, in France, ix. 334; Festival of the, ix. 336 _sqq._

Innocents’ Day, young people beat each other on, ix. 270, 271; mock pope or bishop on, ix. 336, 337, 338

Innovations, the savage distrust of, iii. 230 _sqq._

Innuits (Esquimaux), their belief as to venison and walrus, x. 13 _sq._ _See_ Esquimaux

Ino and Melicertes, iv. 161, 162

Inoculation as a mode of exorcizing demons and ghosts, iii. 106 _sq._; with moral and other virtues, viii. 158 _sqq._

Inquisition, the, i. 407; commits the Brethren of the Free Spirit to the flames, i. 408 _sq._

Insanity, supposed cause of, iii. 83; burying in an ant-hill as a cure for, x. 64

Inscription, in Etruscan letters, ii. 186; in Phoenician and Greek, at Malta, v. 16; bilingual, in Hittite and cuneiform, on a seal, v. 145 _n._ 2

——, Greek, in sanctuary of the Mistress at Lycosura, iii. 227 _n._, 314 _n._ 3; of Aurelia Aemilia at Tralles, v. 38; at Paphos relating to Paphian Aphrodite, v. 43 _n._ 1; relating to Olbian Zeus, v. 159; relating to Megarsian Athena, v. 169 _n._ 3; relating to first-fruits at Eleusis, vii. 55 _sq._; great Eleusinian, of 329 B.C., vii. 61 _n._ 4; relating to worship of Zeus at Magnesia, viii. 7

——, the Moabite stone, v. 15 _n._ 3, 20 _n._ 2, 163 _n._ 3

—— of Nebuchadnezzar, ix. 357 _n._ 3

——, Palmyrene, v. 162 _n._ 2

——, Phoenician, of King Yehaw-melech, v. 14; of King Panammu, v. 16 _n._ 1; of King Uri-milk or Adon-milk, v. 17 _n._ 1

——, the Rosetta stone, vi. 27, 151 _n._ 3

Inscriptions, Arabic, found in Sheba, iii. 125 _n._

——, Assyrian, relating to King Shamash-shumukin, v. 174 _n._ 1; relating to Queen Shammuramat, v. 177 _n._ 1, ix. 370 _n._ 1

——, Attic (Athenian), relating to the Eleusinian games, vii. 71 _n._ 5, 79 _n._ 2

——, Egyptian, treaty with Hittites, v. 136; Pyramid Texts, vi. 4

——, Elamite, ix. 367

——, Greek, relating to Zeus at Panamara in Caria, i. 29; relating to kings of Mytilene, i. 45 _n._ 4; relating to kings of Paphos, v. 42 _n._ 5; at Olba with names of Teucer, v. 144 _n._ 3, 151; relating to Corycian Zeus, v. 155; relating to Kanyteldeis, v. 158; relating to Hieropolis-Castabala, v. 168 _n._ 1; at Mantinea, relating to Demeter and Persephone, vii. 46 _n._ 2; relating to festivals at Eleusis, vii. 51 _n._ 1, 52, 61, 63 _n._ 2, 72 _n._

——, Hittite, v. 134, 135 _n._, 136, 185 _n._ 3

——, Latin, at Nemi and Aricia, i. 4 _n._, 19 _n._ 2; relating to Flamens, i. 20 _n._ 3; relating to Kings of the Sacred Rites, i. 44 _n._ 1; relating to _fictores Vestalium_ and _fictores Pontificum_, i. 204; relating to Dianus, i. 381 _n._ 1; relating to Jupiter Dolichenus, v. 136 _n._ 2; relating to _Dendrophori_, v. 266 _n._ 2; relating to the _taurobolium_ or _tauropolium_, v. 275 _sq._, 275 _n._ 1; relating to the paternity of Jupiter, vi. 234

Insects, spirits of the dead thought to lodge in, i. 105, v. 95 _sq._, vi. 162, viii. 290; homoeopathic magic of, i. 152; charms to protect the fields against, viii. 275 _sq._, 279 _sq._, 281; transmigration of sinners into, viii. 299

Insensibility to pain as a sign of inspiration, v. 169 _sq._

Inspiration, i. 376 _sqq._; shiverings and shakings as signs of, i. 377; produced by intoxication, i. 378; by incense, i. 379; by blood, i. 381 _sqq._; by sacred plant or tree, i. 383 _sqq._; by smoke, i. 383 _sq._; by snuffing up the savour of sacrifice, i. 383 _n._ 3; of victims, i. 384 _sqq._; primitive theory of, iii. 248; insensibility to pain as sign of, v. 169 _sq._; savage theory of, v. 299

——, prophetic, through the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, iv. 201, vi. 171, 172, 192 _sq._; under the influence of music, v. 52 _sq._, 54 _sq._, 74

Inspired or religious type of man-god, i. 244

—— men, in China, ix. 117; walk through fire unharmed, xi. 5 _sq._

—— men and women in the Pelew Islands, vi. 207 _sq._

—— priests and priestesses, i. 377 _sqq._

Insulation of women at menstruation, x. 97

Intellectual progress dependent on economic progress, i. 218

Intercalary month in the Celtic calendar of Gaul, ix. 342 _sqq._

—— periods, customs and superstitions attaching to, ix. 328 _sq._; deemed unlucky, ix. 339 _sqq._

—— periods of five days, ix. 339 _sqq._, 407 _n._ 1

Intercalation introduced to correct the vague Egyptian year, vi. 26, 27, 28, ix. 340 _sq._; in the ancient Mexican calendar, vi. 28 _n._ 3, ix. 339 _sq._; in Greek calendar, vii. 81, 83; rudimentary, to equate lunar and solar years, ix. 325 _sqq._

Intercourse of the sexes practised to make the crops and fruits grow, ii. 98 _sqq._; with wives enjoined before war, iii. 164 _n._ 1; enjoined on manslayers, iii. 176; between husbands and wives enjoined on various occasions among Bantu tribes, viii. 70 _n._ 1 _See also_ Continence

Interlunar day, celebration of Sacred Marriages on the, iv. 73

Interpretation of the fire-festivals, x. 328 _sqq._, xi. 15 _sqq._

Interregnum on intercalary days, ix. 328 _sq._

_Interrex_, ii. 296

Intervals of time, Greek and Latin modes of reckoning, iv. 59 _n._ 1

_Intichiuma_, magical totemic ceremonies in Central Australia, i. 85, viii. 165 _n._ 2

Intoxicating liquors drunk to produce inspiration, i. 378

Intoxication accounted inspiration, iii. 248, 249, 250

_Inua_, a person’s shade, among the Esquimaux, iii. 96

_Inuas_, manlike shades or spirits of animals, among the Esquimaux, ix. 380, 381

Inuit. _See_ Esquimaux

_Inuus_, epithet applied to Faunus, vi. 234 _n._ 3

Inverness, the _corp chre_ in, i. 69

Inverness-shire, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 162; Beltane cakes in, x. 153

Inversion of social ranks at the Saturnalia and kindred festivals, ix. 308, 337, 339, 350, 407

Invisibility acquired by magical ointment made out of a mouldering corpse, viii. 163 _sq._

Invisible, charm to make an army, vi. 251

Invocation of the dead, iii. 172

_Invocavit_ Sunday, “Sawing the Old Woman” on, iv. 243

Invulnerability, charm to produce, i. 146 _sq._; acquired by inoculation, viii. 160; conferred by a species of mistletoe, xi. 79 _sq._; conferred by decoction of a parasitic orchid, xi. 81; of Balder, xi. 94; attained through blood-brotherhood with animal, xi. 201; thought to be attained through initiation, xi. 275 _sq._, 276 _n._ 1

Invulnerable warlock or giant, stories of the, xi. 97 _sqq._

Inzia River, in Africa, vii. 119

Iolaus, friend of Hercules, v. 111

Iolcus, Jason at, iii. 311

Iona, St. Columba’s tomb in, i. 160

Ionian women, would not name their husbands, iii. 337

Iowa Indians, their respect for rattlesnakes, viii. 217 _sq._

Iphiclus and Melampus, i. 158

Iphinoe, libations and offerings of hair on tomb of the maiden, i. 28

Ipswich witches, x. 304 _sq._

Irac, province of, report of death of King of the Jinn in, iv. 8

Iraca, or Sogamozo, the pontiff of, i. 416

Iran, marriage custom in, x. 75

Iranian year, the old, vi. 67

Iranians, the old, their annual festival of the dead (Fravashis), vi. 67 _sq._

Irawadi River, royal criminals sunk in the, iii. 242

Irayas of Luzon offer first-fruits to the souls of their ancestors, viii. 124

Ireland, “burying the sheaf” in, i. 69; woman burnt as a witch in, i. 236, x. 323 _sq._; hoops wreathed with rowan and marigolds carried on May Day in, ii. 63; the May Queen in, ii. 87; perpetual fires in, ii. 240 _sqq._; oaks and yews in the peat-bogs of, ii. 351; Druidism and Christianity in, ii. 363; cut hair preserved against the day of judgment by old women in, iii. 280 _sq._; divination by knotted threads in, iii. 304 _n._ 5; the old kings of, might not have any personal blemish, iv. 39; sacred oaks in, v. 37 _n._ 2; cutting the last corn (the _churn_) at harvest in, vii. 154 _sq._; hunting the wren in, viii. 319 _sq._; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15; candles on Twelfth Night in, ix. 321 _sq._; the Druid’s Glass in, x. 16; new fire at Hallowe’en in, x. 139, 225; Beltane fires in, x. 157 _sq._; Midsummer fires in, x. 201 _sqq._; fairies at Hallowe’en in, x. 226 _sq._; Hallowe’en customs in, x. 241 _sq._; witches as hares in, x. 315 _n._ 1; bathing at Midsummer in, xi. 29; cure for whooping-cough in, xi. 192 _n._ 1

——, ancient, the Celts of, ii. 116; sacred oak groves in, ii. 242 _sq._, 363; taboos observed by the kings of, iii. 11 _sq._; the great fairs of, iv. 99 _sqq._

Irish belief as to green boughs on May Day, ii. 52

—— crannogs, oak timber in the, ii. 352

—— custom as to a fall, iii. 68; as to friends’ blood, iii. 244 _sq._

—— kings, magical virtues attributed to, i. 367

—— legend of the self-sacrifice of monks to stay a plague, iv. 159 _n._ 1

—— precautions against witches on May Day, ii. 53

—— sacrifice of firstlings, iv. 183

—— story of the external soul, xi. 132

Irle, J., on the sacred sticks representing ancestors of the Herero, ii. 223 _n._ 2; on the religion of the Herero, vi. 186 _sq._

Iron, homoeopathic magic of, i. 159 _sq._; not to be touched, iii. 167; tabooed, iii. 176, 225 _sqq._; used as a charm against spirits, iii. 232 _sqq._, viii. 51; not allowed to touch Atys, v. 286 _n._ 5; not to be used in digging fern root, xi. 65; mistletoe gathered without the use of, xi. 78; not to be used in cutting certain plants, xi. 81 _n._; customs observed by the Toradjas at the working of, xi. 154

—— Age in Denmark, ii. 352

—— axe, use of, forbidden, viii. 248

—— -Beard, Dr., a Whitsuntide mummer, iv. 208, 212, 233

—— instruments, use of, tabooed, iii. 205, 206

—— rings as talismans, iii. 235, 315

—— -wort, bunches of, held in the smoke of the Midsummer fires, x. 179

Ironwood trees, spirits of, propitiated, ii. 40

Iroquois, their belief in the spirits of trees and plants, ii. 12; their thunder-god, ii. 369 _sq._; names of the dead not mentioned among the, iii. 352; tell their tales of wonder only in winter, iii. 385; their myth of the Spirits of Corn, Beans, and Squashes, vii. 177; their sacrifice of white dogs, viii. 258 _n._ 1, ix. 127, 209 _sq._; their “festival of dreams,” ix. 127; their New Year festival, ix. 127, 209 _sq._; their use of scapegoats, ix. 209 _sq._, 233; ceremony of the new fire among the, x. 133 _sq._; need-fire among the, x. 299 _sq._

Irrigation in ancient Egypt, vi. 31 _sq._; rites of, in Egypt, vi. 33 _sqq._; sacrifices offered in connexion with, vi. 38 _sq._

Isa or Parvati, an Indian goddess, wife of Mahadeva, v. 241

Isaac, Abraham’s attempted sacrifice of, iv. 177, vi. 219 _n._ 1

Isaacs, Nathaniel, on custom of putting Zulu kings to death, iv. 36 _sq._

Isaiah (vii. 14), on the virgin who shall bear a son, i. 36 _n._ 2; (xxx. 33), on the king’s pyre in Tophet, v. 177, 178; possible allusion to gardens of Adonis in (xvii. 10), v. 236 _n._ 1; (xxvi. 19), on dew, v. 247 _n._ 1; “houses of the soul” in (iii. 20), xi. 155 _n._ 3

Iser Mountains in Silesia, Walpurgis bonfires to keep off witches in the,