viii. 115

Igbodu, a sacred oracular grove of the Yourbas, ix. 212 _n._ 1

Igliwa, a Berber people of the Atlas, their tug-of-war, ix. 178

Iglulik, Esquimaux of, i. 121, 316, x. 134

Ignorance of paternity, primitive, v. 106 _sq._

Ignorrotes of Lepanto, in the Philippines their sacred trees, ii. 30

Igorrots of the Philippines believe that the souls of the dead are in eels, viii. 292

Ihering, R. von, as to the “sacred spring” of the ancient Italians, iv. 187 _n._ 4

Ijebu tribe of Southern Nigeria, iv. 112

Il Mayek clan of the Njamus, their supposed power over irrigation water and the crops, vi. 39

Ilamatecutli, Mexican goddess, ix. 287; woman sacrificed in the character of, ix. 287 _sq._

Ilex or holm-oak, iv. 81 _sq._ _See_ Holm-oak

Ilium, animals sacrificed by hanging at, v. 292

Ill Luck embodied in an ascetic, ix. 41; the casting away of, ix. 144

Illi, river in China, i. 298

Illicit love supposed to blight the fruits of the earth, ii. 107 _sqq._

Illumination, nocturnal, at festival of Osiris, vi. 50 _sq._; of graves on All Souls’ Day, vi. 72 _sq._, 74

Illyria, the Encheleans of, iv. 84

Ilmenau, witches burnt at, x. 6

Ilocans or Ilocanes of Luzon, their homoeopathic magic at sowing, i. 142; their custom as to children’s cast teeth, i. 179; their fear of tree-spirits, ii. 18; their recall of the soul, iii. 44

Ilpirra of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, v. 99

Iluvans of Malabar, marriage custom of the, x. 5

Im Thurn, Sir E. F., on the secrecy of personal names among the Indians of Guiana, iii. 324 _sq._; on the belief in spirits among the Indians of Guiana, ix. 78

Image of god made of dough and eaten sacramentally, viii. 86 _sqq._, 90 _sq._, 93 _sq._; carried through fire, xi. 4; reason for carrying over a fire, xi. 24

—— of snake carried about, viii. 316 _sq._

Images, Hebrew prohibition of, i. 87 _n._ 1; of saints dipped in water as a rain-charm, i. 307; used in recovery of lost souls, iii. 55, 59; of gods masked and veiled during the king’s sickness, iii. 95 _n._ 8; made to represent dead chiefs and supposed to be animated by their souls, iv. 199; of Osiris made of vegetable mould, vi. 85, 87, 90 _sq._, 91; of ancestors, viii. 53; of animals sacrificed instead of the animals, viii. 95 _n._ 2; vicarious use of, viii. 96 _sqq._; spirits of ancestors take up their abode in, viii. 123; of gods, suggested origin of, viii. 173 _sq._; of vermin made as a protection against them, viii. 280 _sq._; stuck with nails, ix. 70 _n._ 1; demons conjured into, ix. 171, 172, 173, 203; colossal, filled with human victims and burnt, xi. 32 _sq._ _See also_ Effigies, Idols, Puppets

—— magical, to injure people, i. 55 _sqq._; to procure offspring, i. 70-74; to win love, i. 77

Imagination, death from, iii. 135 _sqq._

Imerina, in Madagascar, taboo on name of crocodile in, iii. 378

Imitation the basis of homoeopathic magic, i. 52

——, magical, of rain, i. 248 _sqq._; of thunder and lightning in rain-making ceremonies, i. 248, 258, 309 _sq._; of clouds in rain-making, i. 249, 256, 262, 275; of ducks and frogs in rain-making, i. 255; of rainbow in rain-charm, i. 288; of spirits by maskers in Borneo, vii. 186

Imitative or homoeopathic magic, i. 52 _sqq._, iii. 295, vii. 262, viii. 267, 331, 334, ix. 177, 232, 248, 257, 404, x. 329, xi. 231

Immestar in Syria, alleged Jewish mockery of Christ at, ix. 394

Immortality attained by sacrifice, i. 373 _n._ 1; belief of savages in their natural, iv. 1; firm belief of the North American Indians in, iv. 137; Egyptian hope of, centred in Osiris, vi. 15 _sq._, 90 _sq._, 114, 159; hope of, associated with Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 90 _sq._; human, in relation to the immortality of animals, viii. 260 _sqq._; how men lost the boon of, ix. 302 _sqq._; the burdensome gift of, x. 99 _sq._

Immortality of animals, savage faith in the, viii. 260 _sqq._

—— of the soul revealed in mysteries of Dionysus, vii. 15; attempted experimental demonstration of the, xi. 276

Immortelles, wreaths of, on Midsummer Day, x. 177

Immutability of natural laws, i. 224

Impalement inflicted by the Assyrians, iv. 114 _n._ 1; as form of sacrifice, vii. 239

_Impatiens sp._, touch-me-not, bundle of, representative of the Indian goddess Gauri, ii. 77

Impersonal forces, idea of the world as a system of, not primitive, i. 374

Implements, magical, not allowed to touch the ground, x. 14 _sq._

Impotence caused by magic of the dead, i. 150; homoeopathic cure of, i. 158 _sq._

Impregnation by the souls of the dying iv. 199; without sexual intercourse belief in, v. 96 _sqq._

—— of Isis by the dead Osiris, vi. 8, 20

“—— rite” at Hindoo marriages, x. 75

—— of women by fire, ii. 195 _sqq._, 230 _sqq._, 234, vi. 235; by serpents, v. 80 _sqq._; by the dead, v. 91; by ghosts, v. 93, ix. 18; by the flower of the banana, v. 93; through eating food, v. 96, 102, 103, 104, 105; by the sun, x. 74 _sq._; by the moon, x. 75 _sq._ _See also_ Conception

Impressions effaced from superstitious motives, i. 213 _sq._; on the senses regarded by savages as the work of spirits, ix. 72

——, bodily, contagious magic of, i. 213 _sq._

Impurity of manslayers, iii. 167. _See_ Uncleanness

_Inachi_, an offering of first-fruits, in Tonga, viii. 128, 131

Inanimate things, homoeopathic magic of, i. 157 _sqq._; transference of evil to, ix. 1 _sqq._

_Inao_, sacred whittled sticks of the Aino, viii. 185, 186 _n._, 189, ix. 261

Inari, Japanese rice-god, vii. 297

Inauguration of a king in ancient India, ix. 263; in Brahmanic ritual, x. 4

Inca, fast of the future, x. 19

Incantation recited at kindling need-fire, x. 290

Incantations for growth of crops, vii. 100; employed in arts and crafts, ix. 81. _See_ Spells

Incarnate human gods, i. 373 _sqq._, ii. 377 _sqq._

Incarnation of gods in human form temporary or permanent, i. 376; examples of temporary incarnation, i. 376 _sqq._; examples of permanent incarnation, i. 386 _sqq._; mystery of, i. 396 _n._ 5; of divine spirit in Shilluk kings, iv. 21, 26 _sq._

Incarnations of Buddha in the Grand Lamas, i. 410 _sq._

Incas of Peru, their treatment of the navel-string, i. 196; claim kindred with the sun, i. 313 _n._ 3; the children of the Sun, i. 415, ii. 243, iii. 279; venerated the Pleiades, vii. 310; their annual expulsion of evils, ix. 128 _sqq._; their ceremony of the new fire, x. 132

Incense, fumes of, inhaled to produce inspiration, i. 379, 384; offered to sacred oak, ii. 16; fumigation with, a protection against witchcraft, ii. 336; used in exorcism, iii. 102; burnt at the rites of Adonis, v. 228; burnt in honour of the Queen of Heaven, v. 228; collected by a flail, vi. 109 _n._ 1; burnt as a protection against witches, ix. 158, 159

Incense-gatherers, chastity of, ii. 106 _sq._

—— -tree thought to be protected by a spirit, ii. 112

Incest, blighting effects attributed to, ii. 108, 110 _sq._, 113, 115 _sqq._; expiation for, ii. 110 _sq._, 115, 116, 129; punished with death, ii. 110 _sq._; of domestic animals abhorred by the Basoga, ii. 112 _sq._; of animals employed as a rain-charm, ii. 113; with a daughter in royal families, reported cases of, v. 43 _sq._

Incisions made in bodies of warriors as a preparation for war, iii. 161; in bodies of manslayers, iii. 174, 176, 180; in bodies of slain, iii. 176. _See also_ Cuts, Scarification

Inconsistency of common thought, v. 4

—— and vagueness of primitive thought, xi. 301 _sq._

Incontinence of young people supposed to be fatal to the king, iii. 6

Increase of the moon the time for increasing money, vi. 148 _sq._

Indecencies in the Eleusinian mysteries, the Festival of the Threshing-floor, and the Thesmophoria, vii. 62 _sq._

Indem tribe, on the Cross River, believe that the souls of the dead pass into trees, ii. 32

“Index of Superstitions,” x. 270

India, use of magical images in modern, i. 64 _sq._; treatment of the placenta in, i. 194; contagious magic of footprints in, i. 209; ascendency of sorcerers over gods in modern, i. 225; rain-charm in, i. 282; rain charms by means of frogs in, i. 293 _sqq._; whirlwinds regarded as _bhuts_ in, i. 331 _n._ 2; incarnate human gods in, i. 376, 402 _sqq._; human gods of humble origin in, i. 376; marriages of trees and shrubs in, ii. 25 _sq._; marriage of human beings to trees in, ii. 57; unlucky marriages in, ii. 57 _n._ 4; certain wells thought to cure sterility of women in, ii. 160; gold and silver as totems in, iii. 227 _n._; iron as an amulet in, iii. 235 _sq._; rings as amulets in, iii. 315; names of animals tabooed in, iii. 401 _sqq._; belief and custom as to meteors in, iv. 63; natives of, comparatively indifferent to death, iv. 136; sacrifice of first-born children in, iv. 180 _sq._; images of Siva and Pârvati married in, iv. 265 _sq._; hook-swinging in, iv. 278 _sq._; swinging as a religious or magical rite in, iv. 278 _sqq._; sacred women (dancing-girls) in, v. 61 _sqq._; impregnation of women by stone serpents in, v. 81 _sq._; burial of infants in, v. 93 _sq._; gardens of Adonis in, v. 239 _sqq._; eunuchs dedicated to a goddess in, v. 271 _n._; drinking moonlight as a medicine in, vi. 142; the last sheaf of corn at harvest in, vii. 222, 234 _n._ 2; human sacrifices for the crops in, vii. 243 _sqq._; ceremonies at eating the new rice in, viii. 55 _sq._; offerings of first-fruits in, viii. 116 _sqq._; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15; fear of demons in, ix. 89 _sqq._; the use of animals as scapegoats in, ix. 190 _sqq._; epidemics sent away in toy chariots in, ix. 193 _sq._; origin of the drama in, ix. 384 _sq._; seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 68 _sqq._; fire-festivals in, xi. 1 _sqq._; sixty years’ cycle in, xi. 77 _n._ 1; torture of suspected witches in, xi. 159; _Loranthus_ in, xi. 317

India, ancient, ceremony performed by persons supposed to have been dead in, i. 75; the magical nature of ritual in, i. 228; rain-charms in, i. 289, 290; fighting the wind in, i. 328; magical power of kings in, i. 366; maxim not to look at one’s reflection in water in, iii. 94; magic practised on refuse of food in, iii. 129; sacrificial victims strangled in, iii. 247; new king not allowed to shave his hair for a year in, iii. 260; mourners cut their hair and nails in, iii. 285; knots loosed at childbirth in, iii. 294; doctrine of the transmigration of human souls into animals in, viii. 298 _sq._; king beaten at his inauguration in, ix. 263; the Twelve Days in, ix. 324 _sq._; the horse-sacrifice in, xi. 80 _n._ 3; traditional cure of skin disease in, xi. 192

India, the Central Provinces of, sacred trees in, ii. 43; belief as to man’s shadow in the, iii. 82 _sq._; peacock worshipped among the Bhils of, viii. 29; transference of sickness among the Korkus of, ix. 7; expulsion of disease in the, ix. 190

——, the North-Western Provinces of, belief as to shadow of goat-sucker in,