i. 200

Mamilian tower, ii. 67

Mamurius Veturius or the old Mars, ii. 208-210

Man in cow-skin, ii. 145, 146

—— gods in the South Sea Islands, i. 38, 39

Mandan Indians, and their portraits, i. 148; expulsion of devils by the, ii. 183, 184

Maneros, the name given to the lament of the Egyptian reapers at the cutting of the first sheaf, i. 364

Mangaia, priests called gods in, i. 33; spiritual and temporal government in, i. 120; story of a warrior’s shadow, i. 142, 143

Man-god, two types of, i. 12

Mania, i. 6

“Manii, there are many at Aricia,” explanation of the proverb, ii. 82, 83

Manius Egerius, traditional founder of the Arician Grove, etc., i. 5; ii. 84

Maori ceremonies on entering strange territory, i. 156; the Maoris and dead bodies, i. 169; fear of the blood of women, i. 186; sacredness of the head amongst the, i. 191, 192; ceremony at hair cutting, i. 196, 197; fishing custom, ii. 120; offerings of first-fruits, ii. 381, 382

Mare, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 24-26

Marimos, human sacrifices by the, i. 383, 384

Marktl, harvest ceremonies in the neighbourhood of, ii. 16, 17

Marquesas Islands, men deified in their life-time in the, i. 37, 38; the Marquesans and the soul, i. 123; shaving of the head in the, i. 195

Mars, chariot race on the field of, ii. 64-66

—— the old, ii. 208-210

Marseilles, human scapegoat in, ii. 212

Masuren, midsummer fire festival in, ii. 265, 266

May bride, i. 98

—— Day carols, i. 75, 76

—— Day customs, i. 72-86, 88, 89, 94, 95, 98-101; ii. 181, 182, 254, 255, 257, 258

—— king, i. 90, 91

—— poles, i. 78 _sq._, 230, 308; ii. 66

—— queen, i. 93, 94

—— sleeping bridegroom of, i. 95

—— trees, i. 74-82, 90, 91, 243, 247, 268, 269; ii. 8, 251

Mayenne, May Day custom in, i. 76

Mecklenburg, reaping custom in, i. 376

Meiningen, Ash Wednesday custom in, ii. 29; sowing time custom, ii. 48

Melanesia, sunshine making in, i. 24; bringing back the soul in, i. 136; Melanesian stones and a man’s shadow, i. 142

Meleager, ii. 305

Men eaten to obtain their qualities, ii. 88, 89

Menstruation, seclusion of women at periods of, ii. 238-242

Menstruous blood, primitive dread of, ii. 238, 241

Mentawej Islands, precautions against strangers in the, i. 152

Meroe, Ethiopian kings of, killed, i. 218

Metz, midsummer fires in, ii. 283

Mexican sacraments, paste images of the god eaten, ii. 79-82; festivals, ii. 80-84

Mexico, oath of kings at accession in, i. 49; sacrifice of new-born babes in, i. 307; human sacrifice at harvest festival in, i. 381; incarnate gods slain in, ii. 218-222

Miaotse, ceremony of driving away the devil by the, ii. 151

Mice, charm for ridding lands from, ii. 131

Mid-Lent customs, i. 82, 93, 254, 261-263, 268, 269

Midsummer customs, i. 78 _sq._, 89, 101, 272, 290-294; ii. 366, 367

—— European fire festivals at, ii. 258-267, 282, 283; burning of effigies in the midsummer fires, ii. 266, 267

—— Eve superstitions, ii. 286, 287; magic plants gathered on Midsummer Eve, ii. 286-288

—— omens, i. 294

Mikado, description of the life of the, i. 110-112; cooking of his food, i. 166, 167; effects of wearing his clothes without leave, i. 167; cutting his hair and nails, i. 197; not allowed to touch the ground, ii. 224, 225

Miklucho-Maclay, Baron, ceremony on his entering a village on the Maclay coast, i. 156

Milkmen worshipped by the Todas, i. 41

Minahassa, rain-charm used by the, i. 17; blood drinking at festivals by the, i. 35; custom in time of sickness, ii. 84; driving away devils by the, ii. 158, 159

Mingrelia, rain-getting in, i. 15

Minnetaree Indians and the resurrection of the bison, ii. 122, 123

Miris, tree superstition of the, i. 63; tiger’s flesh eaten by the, ii. 86

Mirrors, covering up of, i. 147

Mistletoe, the, worshipped by the Celts and gathered by the Druids, ii. 285, 286, 288, 289, 295; gathered on Midsummer Eve, ii. 286 _sq._; qualities of, ii. 289; viewed as the seat of life, ii. 295; life of the oak in the, ii. 360, 361; not allowed to touch the ground, ii. 361; a protection against witchcraft, ii. 362; the Golden Bough the, ii. 363, 368; reason it was called the Golden Bough, ii. 365; why called golden, ii. 366, 367; divining rods made from, in Sweden, ii. 367; gathered at midsummer and Christmas, ii. 367

Mithraic mysteries, ii. 358

Mnevis, the bull, ii. 60, 61

Moa, expulsion of diseases to sea by the, ii. 192

Mock executions, i. 261

—— human sacrifices, i. 250-253

Mole, Le, i. 5

Moluccas, festivals in the, i. 40; treatment of clove-trees in blossom in the, i. 60; soul abduction in the, i. 133, 134; ceremony in the, after a journey, i. 158

Mondard, the great, ii. 40

Mongolians, stuffing the skin of a sacrificed animal by the, ii. 124

Mongols, the, and the soul, i. 128

Monomotapa, precautions taken for the king of, i. 159

Montalto, Mid Lent custom in, i. 262

Mooris, custom at births by the, ii. 329

Moosheim, fire festival at, ii. 278

Moqui Indians, belief in the transmigration of human souls into turtles held by the, ii. 98, 99; totem clans of the, ii. 99

Moresby, Captain, at Shepherd’s Isle, i. 152, 153

Morocco, iron a protection against demons in, i. 175; ants eaten in, ii. 87; diverting evil spirits in, ii. 151

Mother-cotton, the, i. 353

—— of the maize, i. 350-352

Motumotu theory of storms, i. 27

——, the soul believed to be in the reflection by the, i. 145

Mowat, the chief of, supposed to have power of affecting crops, etc., i. 46; boys beaten to make them grow in, ii. 216

Mozcas, weather kings of the, i. 44

Muato Jamwo, a capital offence to see him eat, i. 162

Mundaris, sacred groves of the, i. 63; superstition concerning the felling of sacred groves, i. 67; harvest festival, ii. 172

Mundas, ceremony at the planting of the rice by the, i. 288, 289

Munster, rain fountain in, i. 19

Münsterland, Easter fires in, ii. 252, 253

Murrain, cure for the, ii. 191

Murrams of Manipur, restrictions of food among the, i. 208

Muyscas, weather kings of the, i. 44

Nagual, the, of the Indians of Guatemala, ii. 333, 334

Nails, cutting the, i. 195, 196; burying the first cuttings of a child’s, i. 201; cuttings of, preserved, i. 202-205

Namaquas, foods eaten and rejected by the, ii. 86

Nanumea, precautions against strangers in the island of, i. 151

Narrinyeri and their totems, i. 165, 166

Nass River, Indians of the, and the recall of the soul, i. 140, 141

Natchez, harvest festival by the, ii. 382-384

Nature, kings of, i. 52; dependence of, upon the divine king, i. 109

Nauders, sacred larch-tree at, i. 61, 62

Naudowessies, initiatory ceremony amongst the, ii. 350

Navarre, rain-making in, i. 15

Ndembo, the, ii. 345

Need fires, ii. 269, 293

Negro idea of the soul, i. 125

Nemi, lake of, i. 1; tree within the sanctuary, i. 4; priest of, i. 249, 253, ii. 223; unchanged, ii. 370, 371

Nerechta, Whitsuntide customs in, i. 96

Neuautz, custom at barley sowing in, ii. 28

Neuhausen, harvest custom in, i. 370

Neusaass, harvest custom in, i. 337

New Britain, rain-making in, i. 13, 14; wind-charm, i. 26; driving away evil in, ii. 158; expulsion of devils in, ii. 203; initiation ceremony in, ii. 352, 353

New Caledonia, rain-making in, i. 16; charm for making sunshine in, i. 22-24

New fruits etc. eaten sacramentally, ii. 68-79

New Guinea, seclusion of girls in, ii. 228, 229

New Ireland, seclusion of girls in, ii. 226-228

New South Wales, ceremony of initiation in, i. 163; first-born eaten in, i. 236

New Year’s Day customs, ii. 170, 171, 179, 193, 194, 272, 273

New Zealand, sacredness of blood in, i. 183; superstition concerning the head, i. 192; hair cutting in, i. 197, 199; clippings from the hair buried in, i. 200; effects of sacred contagion in, ii. 55; gods, ii. 89

Nias, the people of, and the soul, i. 122, 138; precautions against strangers in, i. 154; succession in, i. 238; slaves sacrificed at the funeral of a chief in, i. 251; exorcising the devil in, ii. 160, 161; scapegoats in, ii. 196, 197

Nicobar Islands, ceremony in cases of epidemic in the, ii. 188, 189; expulsion of devils in the, ii. 192

Nightjar, the, ii. 334, 335

Nisus, King of Megara, ii. 305

Nootka Indians, ceremony by the, at the killing of a bear, ii. 113; initiatory ceremony by the, ii. 351

Nördlingen, threshing custom in, i. 371

Norse stories, the external soul in, ii. 312, 313

North American Indians, their idea with regard to strangers, i. 153; restrictions upon women at certain times, i. 170; cleansing after the slaying of enemies, i. 170, 171; abstinence from blood, i. 179; nail cutting amongst the, i. 196; belief concerning the various properties of food, ii. 85, 86; spare the rattlesnake, ii. 110; ceremony at bear killing, ii. 115; respect for the elan, deer and elk, ii. 117, 118; regard for the bones of animals, ii. 125

Northamptonshire, May-day custom in, i. 75; cure for cough, ii. 154

Norway, cut hair and nails buried or burned in, i. 205; midsummer bonfires in, ii. 289

Nürnberg, ceremony of carrying out Death in, i. 259

Oak worship, ii. 291; the chief sacred tree of the European Aryans, ii. 291-370; sacred fires made of, ii. 292; oak wood burnt on Midsummer Day, ii. 294; Balder is the, ii. 295; human representative of the, slain, ii. 294-296; life of, in the mistletoe, ii. 360, 361; superstition concerning the oak tree, ii. 368; a store of solar fire, ii. 369

Oats-goat, ii. 13-15

Obermedlingen, threshing custom in, ii. 21, 22; midsummer fires in, ii. 270

Oberpfalz, threshing custom in, i. 371

October horse, ii. 64-67

Offerings of first-fruits, ii. 373-384

Oil of St. John, ii. 288, 289

Ojebways, sunshine charm used by the, i. 22; seldom fell living trees, i. 61

Olaf, King of Sweden, sacrificed, i. 47, 48

Old Calabar, revellings at the expulsion of devils in, ii. 193

Old man, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 337, 338

Old woman, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 337, 338

Oldenburg, superstition regarding the reflection in, i. 147; custom with regard to clippings from the hair in, i. 201; fire festival in, ii. 250

Omaha Indians, rain-making by the, i. 14; wind clan of the Omahas, i. 26; their totems, ii. 53, 56

Omens, neutralising bad, ii. 151

Onitsha, ceremony of eating the new yams at, ii. 74; New Year festival in, ii. 170, 171; human scapegoats in, ii. 195, 196

Oraon festival, i. 85, 86

Oraons, ceremony at rice planting by the, i. 288

Orchomenus, human sacrifice at the rites of Dionysus in, i. 329

Oregon, belief in the recall of the soul by the Salish Indians of, i. 136, 137

Orestes, the originator of the worship of Diana, i. 3

Orinoco rain-charm, i. 18, 93; sunshine charm, i. 22

Orissa, worshippers of the Queen of England in, i. 41; rice growing in, i. 61

Orkney Islands, transference of sickness in the, ii. 153

Osiris, myth of, i. 301 _sq._; ritual of, i. 303-305; representation of the dead body of, in the temple of Isis, i. 305; a corn-spirit, i. 305-307; a tree-spirit, i. 307-309; grave of, at Philae, i. 309; arguments for and against his being the sun-god, i. 311-313, 316, 317, 318, 320; a god of vegetation, i. 319; rites of, similar to those of Dionysus and Adonis, i. 319, 320; probable origin of the cult of, i. 363; once represented by a human victim, i. 400-404; on monuments, i. 403; key to the mysteries of, i. 404; as a pig, ii. 52-60; death of, ii. 58, 59; annual sacrifice of a pig to, ii. 58, 59; as a bull, ii. 59-61

Osnabrück, harvest custom in, i. 336

Osterode, Easter fires in, ii. 253

Ostiaks, ceremony by the, at the killing of a bear, ii. 111, 112

Ot Damons, custom with regard to strangers by the, i. 151, 152; seclusion of girls amongst the, ii. 229

Otawa Indians, ceremony at the killing of a bear by the, ii. 113; do not burn fish bones, ii. 119

Oude, sin eating in, ii. 156

Owl, the, ii. 335, 336

Ox, ritual at the Athenian sacrifice of the, ii. 38, 39, 41; as an embodiment of the corn-spirit, ii. 41-43; Osiris and the, ii. 59-61

Ozieri, Gardens of Adonis at, i. 290

Pacific, human gods in the, i. 38, 39

Pádams of Assam, superstition concerning lost children by the, i. 63

Palermo, “sawing the old woman” in, i. 261

Palm-tree, the Dyaks and the, ii. 329

—— Sunday custom, ii. 216

Pan, representation of, ii. 34, 35; the Lord of the Wood, ii. 35

Panes, festival of the, ii. 90, 91

Papuans, foods eaten by the, ii. 87; belief in a child’s life being bound up with that of a tree, ii. 329

Paris, procession of mock giant in, ii. 281

Parthian monarchs worshipped as deities, i. 49

Patagonians, burning of loose hair by the, i. 205

Pawnees, human sacrifices by the, at sowing, i. 381, 382

Payaguas, method of fighting the wind by the, i. 28

Pear-tree, the protector of cattle, i. 73

Pelew Islanders, god of the, i. 39, 40; custom at tree-felling by the, i. 62, 63; ceremony on the killing of a man by the, i. 178

Pembrokeshire, Twelfth Day custom in, ii. 143

Pepper Coast, high priest held responsible for the general welfare, i. 47

Permanent incarnation, i. 37-42

Persian kings not seen eating, i. 162

Peru, rain-charm in, i. 17; charm for staying the sun in, i. 24; preservation of the representative corn-spirit by the ancient Peruvians,