CHAPTER XVIII

THE EXPULSION OF VON LETTOW-VORBECK FROM THE NYASSA COMPANY’S TERRITORY AND THE RETURN OF THE GOLD COAST REGIMENT

On the 16th May “Rosecol” left Msalu, and marching along bush paths in a westerly direction, leaving the road to Lusinje on the north and having the Msalu River on its right, began a movement which was designed to cut the main road between Lusinje and Nanungu. Camping for two nights in the bush—orchard country which, though the soil was of a rocky character, was broken by frequent patches of cultivated land—the column crossed this road on the 18th May, and pushed on toward Chisona. On reaching the Lusinje–Nanungu road, a patrol was dispatched to examine the ford across the Msalu River, and on approaching it was fired upon by a party which proved to be composed of scouts belonging to the Rhodesian Native Regiment—part of the weak column which General Northey had sent out across the Rovuma River. Connection was thus established for the first time with this force.

On the 19th May “Rosecol” continued its march to Chisona, where it camped on the banks of the Msalu River at a place about two miles from the column from “Norforce” above mentioned, which was under the command of Colonel Griffiths. The river was unfordable at this season of the year, but the battery-carriers quickly constructed a bridge under the personal supervision of Colonel Goodwin, who, as a former commander of the Pioneer Company, had proved himself, both in the Kameruns and in East Africa, to possess a special gift for such improvizations.

On the 20th May the column crossed the Msalu, and marched due south to within five miles of Chilonga, I Company leading the advance and doing what it could to widen and improve the existing paths so as to facilitate the passage of the column. On the 21st May the latter pushed on twelve miles in a westerly direction and camped at a spot some three miles to the north of the road to Mahua. Five companies of the enemy, under Kohl, were reported to be on this road; and it was here learned that “Kartucol” had entered and occupied Nanungu without opposition, and was advancing along the Mahua road. This advance had been opposed by Kohl during the day, one company of the enemy with one gun having been in action, while the rest of his force was held in reserve. Meanwhile Colonel Griffiths’ column was marching parallel to “Rosecol,” on a line a few miles to the north of it.

At this juncture General Edwards hoped to surround Kohl from the west, east, and north; and with this object in view “Kartucol” was ordered to advance along the Mahua road, Colonel Griffiths’ column to march in a south-westerly direction, so as to get astride that road in the rear of the enemy, while “Rosecol” was instructed to march on a line about three miles to the north of the Mahua road and roughly parallel to it with the object of turning the enemy’s left.

During the afternoon of the 22nd May Colonel Griffiths’ force was heard to be heavily engaged, and “Rosecol” continued its march until 10 p.m., when it camped, Major Shaw in command of the Pioneers and B Company of the Gold Coast Regiment, and two Gold Coast Stokes guns, forming an advanced detachment encamped on high ground a few miles forward, overlooking the place where Colonel Griffiths was entrenched. During all these operations “Rosecol” was separated from “Kartucol” by the Mwambia Ridge—a high barrier of grey, granite hills, with unscalable, cliff-like sides, rising abruptly from the grass and bush and orchard forest at their base—which flanks the main road on the north for a matter of more than a dozen miles.

Colonel Griffiths’ column, it appeared, had struck the Mahua road, and had entered and occupied Kohl’s camp at Mwariba, meeting with very little resistance. Here he had possessed himself of practically all Kohl’s heavy baggage—a really severe loss to the enemy at this juncture; but almost immediately afterwards he had been vigorously attacked, his small column being completely surrounded and suffering many casualties. Failing to push home his attack, however, the enemy had drawn off during the night and had then retired in a southerly direction.

Yet another attempt to envelop him had definitely failed.

The Gold Coast Regiment this day came into contact with the enemy for the first time since it had quitted the main road near Koronje on the 13th April. Its only casualty, however, was one man wounded.

On the 23rd May “Rosecol” advanced through Colonel Griffiths’ camp, with Major Shaw’s detachment about one mile ahead of it; and very shortly afterwards the latter became engaged with the enemy, who, with one company and two machine-guns, was covering the retirement of Kohl’s main force. Major Shaw drove this enemy party back a matter of two miles, when he was relieved by the 4th Battalion of the 4th King’s African Rifles, who now formed the advanced detachment of “Rosecol,” supported as usual, however, by two guns of the Gold Coast Regiment’s Stokes Battery.

On this morning the Regiment lost one British non-commissioned officer, Sergeant Kent, and one soldier killed, and three men wounded.

On the 24th May the 4th King’s African Rifles advanced at 6 a.m., and forthwith became engaged with the enemy, whose strength had now been increased to at least two companies with four machine-guns. All day long the Germans fought a series of very stubborn rear-guard actions, and the progress made by dusk was only two miles. In the course of the day Lieutenant Percy and two battery gun-carriers, attached to the Gold Coast Stokes guns, were wounded.

On the 25th May “Rosecol” advanced along the Mahua road in the direction of Korewa, with “Kartucol” following in its rear; Colonel Griffiths’ column having marched west on the preceding day with the object of once again getting astride the road behind the enemy, this time on the other side of Korewa. The enemy was not met with, however, Major Shaw occupying Korewa in the afternoon without opposition, and during the night news was received that Colonel Griffiths had struck the road at the point aimed at, and that he, too, had seen nothing of the enemy.

From Korewa patrols were sent out in several directions, and by the 27th May, it having by then become pretty evident that von Lettow-Vorbeck with the main body, followed at a short distance by Major Kohl and his redoubtable rear-guard, had crossed the Lurio River into the province of Mozambique, Colonel Griffiths’ column marched that evening in pursuit.

On the 28th May B Company, less one machine-gun and one Lewis gun, left the camp at 6 a.m. for Wanakoti, thirty miles to the east, acting as escort to the 22nd D.M.B. The rest of the Regiment remained in camp at Korewa, where it was rejoined by B Company in due course.

* * * * *

With the retreat of von Lettow-Vorbeck southward across the Lurio River, the expedition into the Nyassa Company’s territory, which had been begun five months earlier by the landing of Major Shaw’s advanced detachment at Port Amelia, reached its natural termination. Yet another campaign, based so far as the British were concerned upon the port of Mozambique, was about to begin, though as yet no very extensive preparations had been made for its effectual initiation.

The Gold Coast Regiment, as it has been seen, had been transferred straight from the pursuit of von Lettow-Vorbeck through the Kilwa and Lindi areas and on to the banks of the Rovuma, to the very trying inland march from Port Amelia. Other units subsequently engaged in that enterprise had in the interval been afforded a period of rest, the 2nd Battalion of the 2nd Regiment of the King’s African Rifles, for example, having been allowed to return for a space to their cantonments and to their womenkind at Nairobi. The men of this corps and those of the Gold Coast Regiment, who had done so much hard fighting in company, had learned greatly to trust and value one another, and though they were drawn from such widely different parts of the African continent and though the Gold Coast soldiers’ knowledge of Swahili was still rather elementary, a species of blood-brotherhood had come to be recognized as existing between them. When the “Second Second,” as this battalion of the King’s African Rifles was familiarly called, had made its appearance in Portuguese East Africa, it had been warmly welcomed by the men of the Gold Coast Regiment, and the latter, it may be surmised, had listened not without envy to the accounts which their friends had to give them of the good time the former had enjoyed during their stay at Nairobi. Were the war-worn veterans of the Gold Coast Regiment never to enjoy a similar respite from patrols, attacks, counter-attacks and endless toils and fatigues? The men put the question to their officers. They would fight on if they must, embarking forthwith upon this new campaign which was clearly about to begin; but they would fight better, they felt, if in the interval they might have a taste of the delights of rest and home in their cantonments at Kumasi. Colonel Goodwin, who was now commanding the Regiment, and Colonel Rose, who was commanding the column to which the battalion was attached, shared the men’s opinion, and General Edwards agreed that the Regiment had fairly earned a rest.

Accordingly, at 7 a.m. on the 1st June, the Gold Coast Regiment left the camp at Korewa, and began its march back to Port Amelia. From Medo to Ankuabe—a distance of five-and-twenty miles—it was conveyed by motor-cars, but the rest of that weary journey was accomplished on foot over a road which had been knocked to pieces by the traffic passing over it. A standing camp was established at Gara, between Mtuge and Bandari, which was reached on the 13th June, Colonel Rose having, on the preceding day, relinquished the command of “Rosecol” and resumed that of the Regiment.

The rest of June, July and the first twelve days of August were spent in refitting, and men of the Regiment who were doing duty at various points along the lines of communication were gradually recalled and collected. On the 29th July Colonel Rose and Major Read sailed for South Africa from Port Amelia on board H.M. Transport _Hymettus_; and on the 13th August Major Hornby with 37 officers, 17 British non-commissioned officers, 862 rank and file, and 135 stretcher-bearers, gun-carriers, etc., embarked on board H.M.T. _Magdalena_ and on the 14th August set sail for West Africa.

At Durban, reached on the 18th August, Colonel Rose and Major Read rejoined the Regiment, and both here and at Capetown, where the transport arrived on the 27th August, several officers were landed who were taking leave in South Africa, Australia or Tasmania.

Accra, the capital of the Gold Coast, was reached without incident late on the 5th September, and on the following day the Governor, who had seen the Regiment off from Sekondi exactly two years and two months earlier, came on board the _Magdalena_ to welcome and inspect the troops, and to thank them on behalf of the Colony whose name they bear, for the splendid fashion in which, through all the trials and dangers of the East African campaign, they had upheld its reputation.

Colonel Rose and Major Read disembarked at Accra, but the Regiment sailed on the evening of the 6th September for Sekondi, where it arrived early next morning.

From this port to Kumasi, whither the Regiment at once proceeded in special trains, its journey was a triumphal progress. At Sekondi itself a feast of native foods, such as these soldier-exiles had not tasted for two years, had been prepared for their consumption; and at every halting-place crowds had assembled to greet and acclaim the Regiment and to load the men with gifts. All along the line little knots of natives shouted and danced their welcome, and even after darkness had fallen every station at which the trains stopped was crammed by eager crowds of Europeans and natives alike, bent upon showing the men what pride the colony felt at the reputation which they had won for themselves, and how deep was the popular sympathy for all they had suffered and endured.

It was a royal home-coming, and when at dawn the men, worn out with excitement and fatigue at last arrived at Kumasi, their women met them at the station in a clamorous mob, and accompanied them in triumph to their cantonments, with the songs and dances wherewith the warriors of West Africa have always been greeted on their return from a victorious campaign.

But, alas! there were wailings and keenings too, mingling with the joyful tumult, for many a woman there was lamenting some poor fellow who lies buried far away on the other side of Africa, and would not be comforted because he was not.

* * * * *

The casualties sustained by the Gold Coast Regiment during the campaign in East Africa were as follows:—

─────────────────────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬───────── │Killed in│ │ │ Died of│ │ action.│ Wounded.│ Missing.│diseases.│Invalided. ─────────────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼───────── British officers │ 9│ 21│ —│ │ British non-commissioned │ │ │ │ │ officers │ 6│ 9│ —│ 4│ 15 Rank and file │ 181│ 603│ 13│ 206│ 469 Gun-carriers │ 9│ 56│ —│ 16│ 28 Stretcher-bearers │ —│ │ —│ —│ — Clerks │ —│ —│ —│ 1│ 1 Carriers │ 10│ 33│ —│ 40│ 24 ─────────────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼───────── Total │ 215│ 725│ 13│ 270│ 567 ─────────────────────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────

The strength of the Gold Coast Regiment actually in the field never much exceeded 900 rifles. The total of effectives belonging to the Regiment at any one time in East Africa never numbered much more than 3000, and from first to last the total number of officers and men of all ranks dispatched did not amount to much more than 3800. When these facts are remembered, the above table will be found strikingly to illustrate the severity of the fighting in which the Regiment took so active a part, and to indicate the ravages caused by disease to which prolonged strain and hardship exposed it.

* * * * *

Meanwhile the recruiting efforts made by the Government of the Gold Coast, to which during 1917-18 Captain Armitage, C.M.G., D.S.O., the Chief Commissioner of the Northern Territories, had devoted special energy and enthusiasm, had resulted in the collection of a very large number of recruits at the various training-depôts throughout the Colony, Ashanti, and the Northern Territories; and the Regiment had proved itself to possess such fine qualities that, as the early end of the war was not at that time anticipated, the War Office decided to convert it from a battalion to a brigade. This consisted of four full battalions with a battery of four 2·75 guns, and a battery of eight Stokes guns, and it was constituted a brigade as from the 1st November, 1918, under the command of Brigadier-General Rose. It was an open secret that, as soon as its organization was complete, the Second West African Brigade, as it was now called, was to be dispatched on active service to Palestine.

Then, during the closing days of October and the first half of November, came the dramatic collapse of the Central Powers and of their Allies—the _débacle_ in the Balkans, the surrender of Turkey, the rout of the Austro-Hungarian armies on the Italian front, the succession of hammer-blows delivered on the western front from the Swiss frontier to the sea, and finally the Armstice granted to a defeated, crime-stained enemy, the terms of which exactly reflected the magnitude of the Allies’ victory, and the extent to which Germany and Germans had forfeited the trust and the respect of all mankind.

The reading of those terms from the balcony of the Public Offices at Accra to a large concourse of people, almost beside themselves with enthusiasm and delight, was recognized as closing the short career of the Gold Coast Service Brigade; and by the end of the following December its disbandment was completed. It had existed long enough, however, to enable the Gold Coast to boast that it, no less than its neighbour the huge territory of Nigeria, had been able to raise by voluntary enlistment a full brigade of soldiers for the service of the Empire in the Great War.

APPENDIX I

THE MOUNTED INFANTRY OF THE GOLD COAST| REGIMENT

There is another Gold Coast unit, which never served with the rest of the Regiment, and which remained behind in Portuguese East Africa when the remainder of the battalion returned to the West Coast, and of its short but adventuresome career some brief account must here be given.

At the end of February, 1918, nearly two months after the arrival of Colonel Goodwin with the main body of the Gold Coast Regiment at Port Amelia, Lieutenant G. H. Parker, who has been mentioned in an earlier chapter as having been in temporary command of the Battery, was chosen by Colonel Rose to raise and train a small body of Mounted Infantry. He was told to pick out for this purpose, from a newly arrived draft of recruits from the Gold Coast, 170 men; and to him were attached Lieutenants Drummond and Saunders, and five British non-commissioned officers.

The men chosen were natives of the Hinterland of the Gold Coast, to whom, since they for the most part live beyond the range of the tsetse fly and the _Trypanosoma_, horses are more or less familiar animals. About 10 per cent. of them could ride in the hunched-up, Tod Sloan-like fashion peculiar to folk to whom saddles are unusual luxuries; but not a man among them had the vaguest ideas concerning horse-mastership and management.

Four riding-schools were constructed near the camp, upon the top of the hill which slopes on the one side to the waters of the Indian Ocean, and on the other falls in a sheer cliff to the beach at Port Amelia; and daily for hours at a time the European officers and non-commissioned officers shouted themselves hoarse, while the men bumped round the _manèges_. A certain number were incurably horse-shy, and had to be “returned to store,” but the majority were quite fearless and enjoyed their daily ride, and though horses had not been received at Port Amelia until the end of March, by the 30th May No. 1 Troop of the Mounted Infantry of the Gold Coast Regiment was declared to be fit to take the field.

This troop, under the command of Lieutenant Drummond, consisting of 1 British non-commissioned officer, 41 rank and file, 51 horses, 2 mules, and 2 camp-followers, left Port Amelia on the above-mentioned date, and rode up the well-worn track from Mtuge to Medo, and thence to Wanakoti, General Edwards’ Headquarters. The troop arrived at this place just as the Gold Coast Regiment was about to begin its march back to the coast from Korewa.

It is not possible to follow the history of this troop in detail without embarking upon a full account of the campaign in the Province of Mozambique, to which the British were committed after the Germans had retreated across the Lurio River, and this forms no part of the plan of the present work. It must, therefore, suffice to note that “Kartucol” from this time onward followed hard upon the heels of the enemy forces, pursuing them without intermission nearly as far south as Kilimane. A little north of this place one and a half companies of the 2nd Battalion of the 3rd King’s African Rifles, with a much larger force of Portuguese encamped at Nhamaccura, were attacked by the enemy, who, having possessed himself of the guns belonging to the Portuguese, nearly annihilated the small British detachment, Colonel Gore Brown, who was in command, being himself killed with a large number of his men.

After this the enemy went north once more, still pursued by “Kartucol,” which had now cut loose from its transport and was living on the country; and the Germans shortly afterwards attacked and invested Namirrue, a place near the centre of the province, which was being held by a company of the 2nd Battalion of the 3rd King’s African Rifles, under Captain Bustard.

Drummond’s Troop of Gold Coast Mounted Infantry had worked its way down in a southerly direction from Wanakoti to Namirrue, scouting for the columns, and doing some excellent work; and it had joined up with Captain Bustard’s little force just before the latter was surrounded.

Finding that the position which he occupied at the moment of the enemy attack was commanded by the German guns, Captain Bustard occupied a higher hill near at hand; and, though hopelessly outnumbered, cut off from water, and bombarded by a Stokes gun which had been captured by the Germans, he made a gallant fight of it, and held out for three days.

Meanwhile the three remaining troops of the Gold Coast Mounted Infantry, under Captain Parker, had sailed from Port Amelia on the 1st July, arriving on the following day at Mussuril Bay, in the entrance to which lies the island of Mozambique. The force consisted of 8 British officers, 10 British non-commissioned officers, 137 rank and file, 84 East Africans, 2 Indians, 11 other details, with 133 horses, 50 mules, and 141 donkeys.

The Mounted Infantry were disembarked at Lumbo, on the northern shores of the bay, and on the 5th July marched twenty miles to Monapo, where their depôt was established. On the 8th July the Squadron began its march to Nampula, eighty miles further inland, where at this time General Edwards had his Headquarters; and travelling an average of about twenty miles a day, it reached its destination on the afternoon of the 11th July. Here Captain Parker learned that No. 1 Troop was with Captain Bustard at Namirrue, and that it was thought that the small post established there would embarrass the retreat of the enemy, who was known to be advancing from the south.

On the following days the Squadron pushed on in the direction of Chinga, which lies five-and-forty miles to the west of Nampula, walking and leading most of the time, for sore backs among the horses were already giving occasion for anxiety. From Chinga on the 15th July the Squadron marched sixteen miles to Marrupula; and here on the following day Captain Parker received orders to press forward as rapidly as possible to Metil, and thence to take up certain positions on the Ligonha River. Three days’ rations were drawn, and though the nights were very cold, the capes and spare clothing were all left behind, the men being cut down to their body-clothes and one blanket each, in order to ease the horses of as much weight as possible.

On the 17th July the Squadron covered a distance of thirty-three miles to Calipo, and on the morrow reached Pequerra, and pushed on thence to the banks of the Ligonha River, travelling on that day thirty-six miles between dawn and dusk.

The geography of the country was very imperfectly known, and the only available maps were grossly inaccurate. Moreover, whereas it had been anticipated that the Ligonha River would only be fordable in a few places, which the Squadron had been ordered to hold, it was found that the stream was quite shallow for a distance of at least twenty miles. This was discovered on the 19th July, on which day Metil was reached, the Squadron having marched one hundred and two miles to that place from Murrupula in fifty-seven hours—a very good performance for a newly raised body of Mounted Infantry.

From Metil one troop, under Lieutenant Poole, was sent eastward to Napue; a second, under Lieutenant Viney, went toward Muligudge, five miles south-east of Metil; and a third, under Lieutenant Saunders, back along the track towards Pequerra, twenty men and Lieutenant Broomfield remaining at Metil with Captain Parker. All these mounted patrols had orders to try to locate the enemy and to keep touch as far as possible with one another and with Captain Parker.

On the 23rd July news was received that Namirrue was invested by the enemy, and that though it was still holding out, Colonel Fitzgerald’s column, consisting of the 4th Battalion of the 4th and the 3rd Battalion of the 3rd King’s African Rifles, had had to retire when attempting to move to Captain Bustard’s relief. As Captain Parker was instructed to get as many of his men together as possible in order to scout in the direction of Namirrue, the troops under Lieutenants Poole and Viney were recalled, and on the 24th July, Captain Parker moved back to Pequerra, and thence proceeded through dense bush to the banks of the Ligonha. From here Lieutenant Viney with twelve troopers crossed the stream and went scouting in what was believed to be the direction of Namirrue. On the 26th July Lieutenant Broomfield with twenty men were sent to Lulete, Captain Parker and Lieutenant Saunders with twenty-eight men—all that remained at their disposal—moving up the left bank of the Ligonha. At 4 p.m. they came upon a track, surprised an enemy baggage-train, and captured nine porters, the baggage-guard making off. Lieutenant Saunders with a few rifles was left to watch the trail, and late that afternoon he had a brush with the enemy, and captured a German, an _Askari_, and about a dozen more porters, also killing one or two enemy soldiers.

On the 27th July Captain Parker set off for Pequerra with the prisoners, leaving Lieutenant Saunders with a few men to watch the track and to snipe and harass the enemy. Captain Parker fell in with a superior force of the enemy, lost all his prisoners and a good many of his men and horses, and was himself reported missing for three days. At the end of that time, however, he and the surviving remnant of his troop contrived to rejoin. Meanwhile Lieutenant Saunders also came into touch with the enemy, was wounded and had several of his men and nearly all his horses shot; while Lieutenant Viney, who was surprised and attacked just as he had off-saddled, was killed, his men, acting on his orders, dispersing into the bush. Immediately afterwards word was received that Captain Bustard at Namirrue had been compelled to surrender, and with him Lieutenant Drummond and what was left of No. 1 Troop of the Gold Coast Mounted Infantry.

This meant that the Gold Coast Mounted Infantry, which on the 5th July had numbered, including Lieutenant Drummond’s troop, about one hundred and sixty-five rank and file, was now reduced to sixty-five men; and Captain Parker returned to the depôt at Mnapo to train and equip further drafts, while Lieutenant Broomfield remained in the field in command of the handful of mounted men still effective as a fighting force.

Though the enemy had won successes at Nhamaccura and at Namirrue, in both of which places he had succeeded in cutting off small British forces, he was now being hunted by “Kartucol” from the south into the grip of six converging columns; and for the first time in the history of the whole campaign he was so completely cornered that in the neighbourhood of Chalana—a place some five-and-forty miles inland from the coast of Antonio Annes—he was compelled to concentrate all his troops, combining them into a single force.

It was while the meshes of the net appeared at last to be securely drawn around von Lettow-Vorbeck, that Lieutenant Broomfield and his little body of sixty men of the Gold Coast Mounted Infantry specially distinguished themselves. It was of great moment to General Edwards that he should be kept fully and frequently informed of the exact position and movements of the enemy, and this service was rendered to him by Lieutenant Broomfield. For a week the Gold Coast Mounted Infantry maintained close touch with the enemy’s main body. The country is here very thickly populated. The Germans, who were paying for all their supplies with cloth which they had looted from the Portuguese stores, had made themselves very popular with the local natives, who witnessed the wholesale destruction of the Portuguese _bomas_ with ecstatic delight. The British, who they were assured were hired bravos engaged by the Portuguese to capture their deliverers, were proportionately unpopular, and the movements of Broomfield’s two troops were again and again betrayed by the natives to the enemy. Often he had to change his resting-place three and four times a day; he was engaged with the enemy almost as frequently; yet his active patrolling continued without interruption, and General Edwards was kept regularly informed as to every move which the enemy was making. It was, in its way, an outstanding little bit of work, carried out with great coolness, persistency and skill, and it by itself would abundantly have justified all the labour which had been expended in raising and training the Gold Coast Mounted Infantry.

At Numarroe—which lies much further to the west and must not be confused with Namirrue—von Lettow-Vorbeck surprised and captured at the end of August a small British detachment from what had formerly been one of General Northey’s columns; but at Liome on the 31st August and on the 1st September he came in for the worst hammering he had experienced in the whole course of the campaign, losing some fifty of his Europeans and several hundreds of his _Askari_ killed, wounded and captured. On this occasion Lieutenant Drummond and a number of other captives were able to make their escape.

Thereafter, as is now well known, von Lettow-Vorbeck broke away north, succeeded in crossing the Lurio River, and thence treked through the Nyassa Company’s territory to Ngomano on the Rovuma, where at the end of November in the preceding year he had re-equipped and refitted at the expense of the Portuguese garrison. Crossing the Rovuma, he once more entered German East Africa, still hotly pursued by battalions of the indefatigable King’s African Rifles; but when after the signing of the Armistice he finally surrendered, he made his submission to a small police post in Northern Rhodesia.

The Gold Coast Mounted Infantry, once more reinforced and under the command of Major Parker, joined in the pursuit as far north as Ngomano, but on this occasion saw no fighting. On the 3rd October, however, orders were received for them to return to the Gold Coast in order to rejoin the 2nd West African Brigade; and as soon as the necessary arrangements could be completed, the men of the Gold Coast Mounted Infantry were embarked at Port Amelia, and on their arrival at Accra were disbanded, and reabsorbed into the Gold Coast Regiment.

APPENDIX II

LIST OF HONOURS AND DECORATIONS AWARDED TO EUROPEAN STAFF AND NATIVE RANK AND FILE OF THE GOLD COAST REGIMENT DURING THE EAST AFRICAN CAMPAIGN.

(1) EUROPEAN OFFICERS. Date.

Brevet Temporary Lieut.-Colonel 7/2/17 Lieut.-Colonel R. A. de B. Rose, D.S.O.

Major G. Shaw, M.C. 5/8/18

Brevet Major on Lieut. (Temporary Captain) 5/8/18 promotion to T. B. C. Piggott, Captain M.C.

D.S.O. Major H. Goodwin 10/6/17

Captain H. A. Harman 10/6/17

Bar to D.S.O. Lieut.-Colonel R. A. de B. 5/8/18 Rose, D.S.O

M.C. Captain (now Lieut.-Colonel) 24/11/16 G. Shaw

Captain A. J. R. O’Brien 24/11/16

Captain R. H. Poyntz 24/1/17

Captain J. Leslie-Smith 13/8/17

Captain J. G. Foley 29/10/17

Captain H. B. Dawes 5/8/18

Lieutenant T. B. C. Piggott 10/6/17

Lieutenant G. H. Parker 11/3/18

Lieutenant R. F. Beech 11/3/18

Lieutenant G. B. Kinley 30/4/18

Lieutenant L. B. Cumming 27/7/18

Bar to M.C. Captain (now Lieut.-Colonel) 13/8/17 G. Shaw, M.C.

Bar to M.C. Captain A. J. R. O’Brien, M.C. 13/8/17

Captain E. B. Methven, M.C. 5/11/17

Captain J. G. Foley 17/10/18

Legion d’Honneur Lieut.-Colonel R. A. de B. 22/10/17 Croix d’Officier Rose, D.S.O.

Croix de Guerre Major H. Goodwin, D.S.O. 4/1/17

Italian Silver Medal Lieutenant. T. B. C. Piggott, 4/1/17 M.C.

O.B.E. Major H. Read 9/9/18

(2) BRITISH NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND MEN.

D.C.M. 7024 Corpl. J. Campbell 24/1/17

9532 R.S.M. F. C. Medlock 10/6/17

28399 Sergt. E. Thornton 19/7/17

69845 Pte. S. G. Radford 19/7/17

(R.A.M.C.)

1847 Sergt. C. A. Thornett 17/6/18

Bar to D.C.M. 7024 Corpl. J. Campbell 19/7/17

(Russian) Cross St. 69845 Pte. S. G. Radford 12/11/16 George (3rd Class)

(3) NATIVE RANK AND FILE.

D.C.M 3948 Corpl. Akanno Ibadan 19/7/17

113 M.G.C. John Lagos 19/7/17

3844 C.S.M. Mumuni Moshi 19/7/17

6727 Corpl. Yessufu Kotokoli 19/7/17

5827 Sergt. Moriambah 19/7/17 Moshi

5737 Corpl. Musa Fulani 6/7/17

and 19/7/17

6557 Temporary Corpl. Seti 24/11/16

Frafra

8427 Pte. Yaw Kuma 19/7/17

5493 Corpl. and Tem. Sergt. No date

Chililah Grunshi

8581 L/Corpl. Granda Dikale 19/7/17

7339 Trptr. Nuaga Kusase 18/4/17

5048 Corpl. Sandogo Moshi No date

5397 Dr. Musa Karaki No date

5655 Sergt. Alhaji Grunshi 19/7/17

7817 Pte. Seidu Chokosi 20/9/17

5860 L/Corpl. (Acting-Corpl.) 18/10/17

Issaka Dagarti

4188 Sergt. Yessufu Mamprusi 18/10/17

7426 Bugler Nufu Moshi 1/10/17

4157 C.S.M. Musa Wongara 11/4/17

5225 Sergt. Mamadu Moshi 25/5/17

Bar to D.C.M. 4961 Sergt. Bukara Kukawa 24/11/16

6557 Temporary Corpl. Seti 15/8/17

Frafra

Military Medal 4188 Sergt. Yessufu Mamprusi 19/7/17

6689 Pt. Akuluga Moshi 19/7/17

6414 Sergt. Palpuku Grumah 19/7/17

182 M.G.C. Kwenjeh Moshi 19/7/17

109 M.G.C. Dogali 19/7/17

7842 Pte. Adama Bazaberimi 19/9/17

7248 Pte. Allassan Grumah 15/12/16

4765 Sergt. Braima Dagarti 15/12/16

6690 L/Corpl. Kuka Moshi 15/12/16

6756 Corpl. Timbala Busanga 15/12/16

6675 Corpl. Yero Fulani 15/12/16

13 H.G.C. Imoru Dodo 6/2/17

5593 Corpl. Nuaga Moshi 11/4/17

6688 Pte. Nubela Busanga 11/4/17

6833 Pte. Sebidu Moshi 11/4/17

4388 B.S.M. Bukare Moshi 23/5/17

137 Hdm. G. C. Kwesi John 23/5/17

94 G. C. Lawani Ibadan 23/5/17

959 Sergt. Member 23/5/17

8481 L/Corpl. Ntonge Etun 24/11/16

3851 Sergt. Ali Wongara 24/11/16

170 S. B. Bawa Hausa 24/11/16

200 S. B. Musa Kano 24/11/16

5658 L/Corpl. Sulley Ibadan 24/1/17

Meritorious Service V. 103 Corpl. J. W. H. 17/6/18 Medal Amartey

O.R.S. G. M. Fraser 17/6/18

31 Qr.Mr.-Sergt. S. Amonoo 17/6/18 Aidoo

APPENDIX III

STRENGTH OF THE GOLD COAST REGIMENT ON JULY 31ST, 1916.

Officers 55 British non-commissioned officers 13 Rank and file 1702

STRENGTH OF THE EXPEDITIONARY FORCE ON JULY 6TH, 1916.

Officers 36 British non-commissioned officers 15 Clerks 11 Rank and File 980 Carriers (battery) 177 Carriers (other) 204 Storemen 1 Officers (R.A.M.C.) 4

STRENGTH OF THE DRAFTS SENT FROM THE GOLD COAST TO REINFORCE THE EXPEDITIONARY FORCE.

First draft—25th November, 1916:— Officers 4 Clerks 1 Rank and file 402 Second draft—21st April, 1917:— Officers 2 British non-commissioned officers 1 Rank and file 500 Third draft—5th July, 1917:— Officers 3 British non-commissioned officers 2 Rank and file 799 Fourth draft—6th October, 1917:— Rank and file 401 Fifth draft—10th December, 1917:— Rank and file 500 N.B.—Date shown in each case is that of departure from the Gold Coast.

APPENDIX IV

_Letter from the General Officer Commanding “Pamforce” to the Officer Commanding the Gold Coast Regiment._

FAREWELL MESSAGE TO THE GOLD COAST REGIMENT BY THE GENERAL OFFICER COMMANDING PAMFORCE.

The departure of the Gold Coast Regiment from my Command furnishes me with a fitting opportunity to place on record my high appreciation of the distinguished and gallant services which the Gold Coast Regiment has never failed to render me within the period that I have had the honour to command Pamforce.

The greatest testimony to the excellence of the services rendered by the Gold Coast Regiment is to be found in the fact that during the period which the Regiment has formed an integral part of Pamforce, it has assisted in reducing the enemy forces by at least one-half of his former strength, and the measure of the achievement of the Regiment is the contrast between the strength of the enemy force when Pamforce was formed and his strength to-day.

I would desire at this juncture to pay a high tribute of my regard to the Officer Commanding, Officers, British Non-Commissioned Officers, and the Native Ranks, for the initiative, resource, and daring which has characterized the service of all during this particularly difficult phase of the campaign, while I would wish expressly to place on record my high appreciation and gratitude for the able and efficient support that has been so loyally extended to me by Colonel R. A. De B. Rose, D.S.O., to whose soldierly qualities I feel I owe much.

I bid good-bye to the Regiment with deep regret, but nevertheless with confidence that, no matter in what other theatre of war the Regiment may be called on to serve, the Gold Coast Regiment will ever prove itself worthy both of the confidence of King and Country by upholding the highest traditions of British arms, and the sacred heritage of the Flag of Saint George.

I wish you all God-speed, good luck, and a safe return, and so farewell.

(Sgd.) W. F. S. EDWARDS,

Brigadier-General,

General Officer Commanding Pamforce.

Wanakote, 3rd June, 1918.

_Letter addressed to the Officer Commanding the Gold Coast Regiment by the Acting Colonial Secretary._

No. 5276/M.P.11393/18.

Colonial Secretary’s Office, Accra, Gold Coast,

6th September, 1918.

SIR,

On the occasion of your return to the Colony with the first portion of the Gold Coast Regiment which is now on its way back from active service in East Africa, I am directed by the Governor to convey to you and to ask you to transmit to the Officers, European and Native Non-commissioned Officers and the men of the Gold Coast Expeditionary Force under your command, the thanks of the Government of the Gold Coast for the brilliant and gallant services which they have rendered, and His Excellency’s warm congratulations to them on their safe return.

2. The fine reputation which the Regiment won for itself in Togoland and subsequently in the Kameruns has, I am to add, been confirmed and enhanced by its behaviour during the campaign in East Africa; and the whole Colony is proud of the record of the Regiment which bears its name and is recruited from its inhabitants.

3. The heavy losses in Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers, and men which the Regiment has sustained since it left the Colony on the 6th July, 1916, though they are the inevitable result of its prowess, are deeply mourned in the Gold Coast and its Dependencies, and I am to take this opportunity of expressing His Excellency’s heartfelt sympathy with you and with the Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers, and men of the Expeditionary Force, which you have commanded with such conspicuous success.

4. His Excellency hopes that the Regiment will now, for a period, be able to enjoy the rest which it has so nobly earned, but that, if the war continues, a further opportunity may be afforded to it, at no very distant date, once more to render active and valuable assistance to the Empire,

I have, etc.,

(Sgd.) C. H. HARPER,

Acting Colonial Secretary.

Lieutenant-Colonel R. A. De B. Rose, D.S.O., Officer Commanding Gold Coast Regiment, Coomassie.

_Resolution passed by the Legislative Council on the 28th October, 1918._

That this Council do record its proud appreciation of the reputation as a fighting force won by the Gold Coast Regiment in East Africa; and that this Council do request His Excellency to convey to Lieutenant-Colonel Rose, D.S.O., and to the Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers, and men of the Regiment its congratulations on the distinguished record of service in the field, which the Regiment has maintained throughout the Great War, and its deep sympathy with all ranks in the heavy casualties which the Regiment has sustained.

INDEX

A Company of the Gold Coast Regiment, 4, 31, 35, 37, 38, 50, 53, 61, 82, 84, 119, 131, 135, 215, 222, 236, 244, 253, 260

Accra, 4, 275, 278; volunteers from, 56; school at, 64

_Æneas_, the transport, 5

Aeroplane, British, shot down, 155

Aeroplanes, use of, 111

Africa, East, climate in August, 18; bush fires, 18; commencement of the dry season, 71; the carrier, 151

African, an ancient, acts as guide, 114

Aidoo, Quarter-Master Sergt. S. Amonoo, awarded the Meritorious Service Medal, 289

Airship, German, 188

Aleppo, 189

Amartey, Corpl. J. W. H., awarded the Meritorious Service Medal, 289

Ankuabe, 227; capture of, 228

Ant-bears, 111; size of holes, 112

Antonio Annes, 284

Arab house, 208, 215

Armistice, terms, 277

Armitage, Capt., Chief Commissioner of the Northern Territories, 277

Armoured Car Battery, the 7th Light, 167, 174

Arnold, Captain, 206

——, Lieut., death, 39

Ashanti, 4

_Askari_, the German native soldier, 22; reasons for the fidelity, 74, 77; result of the military system, 75-77, 203; reputation, 77; desertion, 166

Austro-Hungarian armies, rout, 277

Avenell, Colour-Sergt., 112

Awudu Arigungu, Sergt., killed, 96

—— Bakano, Sergt.-Major, killed, 105

B Column, march to Naurus, 204

B Company of the Gold Coast Regiment, 4, 20, 29, 35, 37, 50, 54, 61, 78, 79, 82, 93, 95, 101, 121, 131, 138, 153, 156, 167-169, 172, 175, 201, 228, 242, 270, 272

Bagamoyo, 10, 39

Baillie, Lieut., 112, 124, 167, 172; wounded, 174, 178; brought to safety, 177

Baldwin, Lieut., 146

Baluchis, the 129th, 47, 58, 142, 144, 154, 155, 156, 164; at Makangaga, 94; casualties, 145; engagement at Mwiti, 200

Baluchis, the 130th, 40

_Banda_, or bush-huts, 234

Banda Hill, 49, 51, 53

Bandari, 219

Bangalla, 207; river, 199

Barrett, Lieut., 226; advance on Chirimba Hill, 241; wounded, 246, 248

Baverstock, Colour-Sergt., wounded, 105

Bazaberimi, Pte. Adama, awarded the Military Medal, 288

Beattie, Colour-Sergt., 56; wounded, 32

Beaumont’s Post, 86, 87, 89, 90, 94

Beech, Lieut. R. F., 82, 235, 263; awarded the Military Cross, 286

Beka, 131, 132

Belgian troops, advance on Mahenge, 108

Benham, Captain, illness, 131

Berry, Lieut., 40

Beves, General, in command of the Division, 91; plan of attack, 93; at Narungombe, 107; at Lindi, 133

Biddulph, Capt., 51; wounded, 51; death, 56

Biltcliffe, Lieut., 90; at Port Amelia, 208

Bisshopp, Lieut., 226, 235, 237; at Muapa, 230; advance on Chirimba Hill, 241; patrol-work, 262-264

Bliss Hill, 44

Bogoberi, gun-carrier, 84

_Bomas_, or entrenched forts, 217

Bompkin, Major von, taken prisoner, 59

Brady, Capt., 112

Bray, Lieut., 30; killed at the battle of Nkessa, 39

——, Lieut., 89; at Lingaula Ridge, 91; wounded, 105

Briscoe, Capt., 112, 191

British columns in East Africa, disadvantages in fighting, 148-152; transport, attack on, 87

Brits, Brig.-General, in command of South African mounted troops, 11

Broomfield, Lieut., 282, 283, 284

Brown, Colonel Gore, killed, 280

Buckby, Capt., 135, 136

Buffalo, charges through No. 1 Column, 199

Bukari, Acting-Sergeant, awarded the D.C.M., 30; death, 30

Bulu, 225

Busanga, Corpl. Bila, 139

——, Pte. Nubela, awarded the Military Medal, 288

——, Corpl. Timballa, wounded, 69; awarded the Military Medal, 288

Bush fighting, 3, 151, 158; fires, 18, 110; huts, 234

Bussell, Lieut., 131

Bustard, Capt., 280, 281; surrender, 283

Butler, Capt. Jack, at the battle of Kikirunga, 26-29; killed, 29, 32; characteristics, 29

Bweho Chini, engagement at, 130

Calipo, 282

Campbell, Corpl. J., 112, 131; awarded the D.C.M. and Bar, 59, 287; bravery, 103

Capetown, 274

Cavalry, the 25th, destruction of the camp, 183; at Lulindi, 195

_Chaimite_, the, 221

Chalana, 284

_Chaqual_, canvas bag of water, 117

Chasi, 16

Chaundler, Lieut., 235

Chemera, 44, 46, 71

Chigugu, 182, 186, 208

Chikukwe, 180

Chilonga, 269

Chinga, 281

Chingwea, 166, 185

“Chini,” meaning of the word, 47

Chirimba Hill, 239; advance on, 240-244; action at, 244-247

Chisona, 266, 268

Chiure, 222

Chiwata, 191, 195

Chokosi, Pte. Seidu, awarded the D.C.M., 288

_Chuplies_, meaning of the word, 9

Clarke, Lieut., 224, 234, 237

Clifford, Sir Hugh, Governor of the Gold Coast Colony, 4; banquet to the officers, 4

Column, No. 1: 98, 101, 117, 126, 132, 134, 142, 143, 153, 157, 159, 163, 164, 166; at Ukuli, 94; march to Ruponda, 184; at Ndanda, 187; occupy Mwiti, 187; Luchemi, 194; at Luatalla, 198; charged by a bull buffalo, 199; at Bangalla, 201; broken up, 204

——, No. 2: 94, 96-98, 102, 103, 104, 118, 127, 166, 195

——, No. 3: 94, 99, 102, 195

Cumming, Lieut. L. B., 238; awarded the Military Cross, 286

Cuneen, Colour-Sergt., 167, 172; killed, 173, 178

Cunliffe, General, 108

D Company, 56

“D. M. B.,” the Indian Mountain Battery, 94, 96, 233, 242, 247, 259, 272

Dadoma, 11, 12, 109

Dagarti, Sergt. Braima, awarded the Military Medal, 288

——, Corpl. Issaka, awarded the D.C.M., 288

Dakawa, 16

D’Amico, Capt., 55

Dar-es-Salaam, 10, 12, 20, 40, 41

Dar-es-Salaam-Lake Tanganyika Railway, 72, 109

Dawes, Capt. H. B., 144, 224, 225; wounded, 194; captures Pumone, 227; at Ankuabe, 228; awarded the Military Cross, 286

Depôt Company, 78; mobilized, 87; at Port Amelia, 227

Derajat, 94

_Dhow_, or sailing-boats, 220

Dikale, Corpl. Granda, awarded the D.C.M., 288

Dobell, Major-General, in command of the British and French troops, 1; at Liome, 1

Dodo, Imoru, awarded the Military Medal, 288

Dogali, M. G. C., awarded the Military Medal, 288

Donho, 34

Downer, Lieut., 56, 112; at Gold Coast Hill, 58

Drummond, Lieut., 279, 280, 285

Duck, Capt., 214, 216, 255

Duncan, Lieut., killed, 51

Durban, 5, 274

East African Brigades: the 1st, 10; the 2nd, 10, 35; the 3rd, 60; Mounted Rifles, 21; capture Germans, 22

Edwards, Brig.-General W. F. S., Inspector-General of Communications, 8; inspects the Gold Coast Regiment, 8, 12; at Port Amelia, 233; Rock Camp, 238; Kalima, 256; plans to surround Kohl, 269; at Nampula, 281; farewell message, 292

Eglon, Lieut., 93; at Lingaula Ridge, 95; killed, 101, 105

Enslin, General, 17

Etun, Corpl. Ntonge, 229; awarded the Military Medal, 289

Fitzgerald, Colonel, 282

Flatman, Capt., killed, 240, 248

Foley, Capt. J. G., 56, 82, 224,243, 248; at the battle of Rumbo, 83-86; awarded the Military Cross and Bar, 89, 286, 287; at the battle of Mitoneno, 145

Foster, Lieut., exploit at Ruangwa Chini, 155; act of heroism, 176; awarded the Military Cross, 177; the D.C.M. and Bar, 287

Fra Fra, Temp. Corpl. Seti, awarded the D.C.M. and Bar 287, 288

Fraser, G. M., awarded the Meritorious Service Medal, 289

Fulani, Corpl. Amandu, killed, 69

——, Corpl. Musa, awarded the D.C.M., 287

——, Corpl. Yero, awarded the Military Medal, 288

Fulanis, 56

G Company of the Gold Coast Regiment, 4, 31, 35, 36, 38; broken up, 44, 46

Gara, 274

German East Africa, mission stations, 22

Germans, surrender at Kamina, 1; retreat, 24, 121, 124, 139, 146; casualties, 32, 81; evacuate Nkessa, 39; bombard Kibata, 48; attack on Gold Coast Hill, 53; accuracy of firing, 56; evacuate it, 58; treachery, 63; attack on Njimbwe, 67; headquarters at Massassi, 72, 162, 194; expelled from the Rufiji, 72, 74; reasons for the fidelity of the native soldiers, 74, 77; result of the military system, 75-77, 203; ambush against, 79-81; flag of truce, 81, 86; fire on a British transport, 87; attack on Narungombe, 98-104; retire to Mihambia, 109, 120, 124; at Ndessa, 116; defeated at Bweho Chini, 130; rear-guard actions, 131, 271; engagements at Nahungen, 134-139; Mitoneno, 144-146; advantages of their position, 148-152; at Ruangwa Chini, 156; stores captured, 159, 164; defeated at Ruponda, 164; capture of their correspondence, 165; fear of their Commander-in-Chief, 165, 166; attacked at Lukuledi, 172-178; at Nangus, 185; taken prisoners, 195; surrender, 196, 202; evacuate Medo, 249; campaign in Mozambique, 280-285

Germany, declaration of war, 1; armistice terms, 278

Gifford, Colonel, in command of Pamforce column, 233

Gold Coast Colony, 4; recruiting campaign, 277

Gold Coast Hill, 49; attack on, 53-55; evacuated, 58

Gold Coast Mounted Infantry, campaign in Mozambique, 279-285; at Accra, 285

Gold Coast Regiment, mobilized, 1; invasion of Togoland, 1; the Kameruns, 2; courage and endurance, 2, 105; at Sekondi, 4, 275; appearance, 4, 9; on board the _Æneas_, 5; inspection at Durban, 5; at Kilindini, 6; journey to Ngombezi, 6-8; service kit, 8; characteristics, 9, 15; join up with the Royal Fusiliers, 11; march to Msiha, 12-15; at Dakawa, 16; march to the Ngere-Ngere, 17-20; transport burnt, 19; at Metomba, 22-24; the battle of Kikirunga, 25-32; casualties, 32, 39, 55, 67, 104, 132, 139, 146, 178, 181, 194, 248, 276; at Kiringezi, 34; occupy Nkessa, 39; march to Dar-es-Salaam, 40; on board the _Ingoma_, 41; at Kilwa Kisiwana, 44; march to Chemera, 44-46; reduction in the _personnel_, 46; march to Mtumbei Chini, 47; attack on Gold Coast Hill, 50-55; reinforcements, 56, 112; total strength, 57, 88, 89, 92, 113, 205, 276, 290; at Ngarambi Chini, 61; Njimbwe, 65, 69; shortage of food, 68, 261; discipline, 68, 129; march to Mitole, 70, 78; at Mnasi, 79; Migeri-geri, 82; Rumbo, 86, 88; Ngomania, 95; Makangaga, 95; join up with No. 2 Column, 95; retransferred to No. 1 Column, 98; attack on Narungombe, 101-104; at Mikikole, 110; Liwinda Ravine, 117; sufferings from thirst, 125-129; at Mbombomya, 127; Ndessa Juu, 129; Kitandi, 130; march on Nahungen, 131; attack on, 134-139; meeting with the Nigerian Brigade, 140; attack on Mitoneno, 144-146; bathing and washing, 147; in reserve, 153; advance on Ruponda, 163, 185; march to Lukuledi, 167, 168; at Lulindi, 198; Bangalla River, 199, 207; selected for service in Portuguese East Africa, 209; at Mingoya, 214; transferred from H.M. _Salamis_ to H.M.S. _Lunkwa_, 215; at Port Amelia, 222, 274, 279; Meza, 230, 234; at the battle of Chirimba Hill, 244-247; advance on Mwalia, 253; at Milinch Hills, 261; respite from fighting, 273; reception at Kumasi, 276; list of honours and decorations awarded to, 286-289; farewell message from Brig.-Gen. Edwards, 292.

Gold Coast Service Brigade, 277; disbanded, 278

Goodwin. Lieut-Colonel H., 31, 35, 37, 58, 207; wounded, 53; in command of the Gold Coast Regiment, 60; appointed Acting Lieut.-Colonel, 89; awarded the _Croix de Guerre_, 89, 287; the D.S.O., 90, 286; invalided to the base, 91; in command of Companies, 141; advance on Mihomo, 141; at the battle of Mitoneno, 144, 146; attack on Lukuledi, 174; voyage to Port Amelia, 215, 279; on board H.M. _Hongbee_, 216; advance on Chirimba Hill, 244

Grant, Colonel, 94

Greene, Capt., 82

Greene, Capt., killed at the battle of Nkessa, 39

Green’s Post, 61

Gregg’s Post, 110, 113, 119

Griffiths, Colonel, 266; in command of “Norforce,” 268; captures Mwariba, 270

Grumah, Pte. Allassan, awarded the Military Medal, 288

Grumah, Sergt. Palpuku, awarded the D.C.M., 57: the Military Medal, 288

Grunshi, Sergt. Alhaji, awarded the D.C.M., 288

Grunshi, Corpl. Chililah, awarded the D.C.M., 287

Gush, Capt., 167; wounded, 177, 178

Handeni, base at, 11, 15

“Hanforce,” 118, 153

Hannyngton, Brig.-General, in command of the 2nd East African Brigade, 10; telegram of congratulation, 33; military operations at Kilwa, 43; plan of attack, 49, 113, 153; awards decorations, 57; resumes command, 107

Harman, Capt. H. A., 47, 50; wounded, 53; awarded the D.S.O., 90, 286; at Minoya, 214, 215; Mahiba, 225; Namaaka, 235; advance on Chirimba Hill, 244, 245

Harman’s Kopje, 50, 51, 55

Harper, C. H., letter from, 294

Harris, Capt., 260; at Port Amelia, 208; Mkufi, 222; advance on Chirimba Hill, 240

Hart, Colour-Sergt., at Mkufi, 225

Hartland, Capt., 112

Hassan Bazaberimi, Company Sergeant-Major, killed, 87

Hausa, S. B. Bawa, awarded the Military Medal, 289

Hellis, Capt., 56

Hill, Major, 104

_Hongbee_, H.M., 216

Hornby, Major, 112, 274

Hoskyns, Major-General, in command of the First Division, 10

_Hymettus_, H.M., 274

I Company of the Gold Coast Regiment, 4, 31, 35, 36, 38, 40, 46, 89, 90, 135, 144, 164, 177, 222, 225, 228, 236, 242-247, 253, 269

Ibadan. Corpl. Akanno, awarded the D.C.M., 287

Ibadan, G. C. Lawani, awarded the Military Medal, 288

Ibadan, Corpl. Sulley, awarded the Military Medal, 59, 289

Igumi, 186

Indian Cavalry, the 25th, 153

Indian Mountain Battery, or the “D.M.B.,” 94, 96, 233, 242, 247, 259, 272

Indian Ocean, 219, 279

_Ingoma_, the transport, 41

Isaacs, Lieut., taken prisoner, 39; released, 196

Issaka, Kipalsi, Corpl., bravery, 125

Jaundis, 56

Jerimita, 262

John, Hdm. G. C. Kwesi, awarded the Military Medal, 288

Jumbe Nambude, 200

Jumbe Nwinama, mission station, 187

“Juu,” meaning of the word, 47

Kalima, 256

Kameruns, 1; fighting in, 2

Kamina, wireless installation at, 1

Kano, S. B. Musa, awarded the Military Medal, 289

Karaki, Dr., Musa, awarded the D.C.M., 288

“Kartucol,” 233; advance on Chirimba Hill, 242, 244; Mwalia, 255; Koronje, 258-260; pursuit of the Germans, 280

Kassanga, 34

Kay, Lieut., 259

Kelton, Capt., 50, 55

Kent, Sergt., killed, 271

Kerr, Hauptmann, 116

Kibata, mission station, 43, 47, 57; shelled by the Germans, 48

Kibega river, 65

Kidugato, 41

Kigome, 11

Kihendye, 97

Kihindi Hill, 142, 143

Kihindo Juu, 127

Kihumburu, 98, 99, 100

Kikirunga Hill, 25, 26; battle of, 28-32

Kilageli, 96

Kilimane, 280

Kilima-njaro, 7

Kilindini, 6, 11, 209

Kilney, Lieut., 53

Kilossa, 11, 12, 109

Kilwa Kisiwani, 42, 44, 78, 87

Kilwa Kivinje, 73, 78, 79

Kimamba, 17

Kingani River, 10

King’s African Rifles, 48, 50, 58, 65, 94, 97, 142, 143, 157, 166, 168, 177; at the battle of Kikirunga, 30; advance, 33; at the battle of Nkessa, 37; Rumbo, 87; Narungombe, 101-104; Mihambia, 117, 119; Nahungen, 134; occupy Lukuledi, 180; advance on Massassi, 182; at Ndanda, 186; Mahiba, 227; dispatched to Mozambique, 252; advance on Mwalia, 254; Koronje, 258; Jerimita, 262; Nairobi, 273

Kinley, Lieut. G. B., 95; encounter with Germans, 79-81; awarded the D.S.O., 82; the Military Cross, 89, 286

Kiperele Chini, 158

Kipondira, 98

Kiringezi, 34

Kirongo, 78, 79, 96

Kirongo-Ware, 96

Kissalu, 34; mines on the road, 40

Kisserawe, 41

Kitambi, 47, 55, 71, 78, 235

Kitandi, 128, 130

Kitiia, 109, 113, 116, 119

Kiwambi, 63

Kiyombo, 61, 65

_Koenigsberg_, 48

Kohl, Major, at Chirimba Hill, 239; plans to surround, 269; loss of his baggage, 270; retreat to Mozambique, 272

Koloi, 226

Kondoa-Irangi, 11

Korewa, 271, 272

Korogwe, 11, 44

Koronje, 252, 256; advance on, 258; evacuated, 259

Kotokoli, Corpl. Yessufu, awarded the D.C.M., 287

Kukawa, Sergt. Bukara, Bar to D.C.M., 288

Kuma, Yaw, awarded the D.C.M., 287

Kumasi, 2, 4, 276

Kusase, Nuaga, awarded the D.C.M., 288

Kwevi Lombo, 16

Lagos, John, awarded the D.C.M., 287

Lamont, Lieut., 112, 243, 248

Leal, Major, 252

Legislative Council, resolution, 294

Leslie-Smith, Capt. J., wounded, 105; at Namarika, 235; patrol work, 262-264; awarded the Military Cross, 286

Lettow-Vorbeck, von, Commander-in-Chief, 59; at Massassi, 72, 133, 148, 162; attack on a British transport, 87; defeat at Bweho Chini, 130; pluck and resource, 151, 166, 198; forces, 152; at Ruwanga, 163; refuses to surrender, 166; actions, 181; concerted movements, 182; at Newala, 194; expelled from German East Africa, 196, 198; captures ammunition at Ngomano, 207; march on Port Amelia, 208; character of his military operations, 212, 251; at Nanguari, 213; raiding parties, 213, 221; at Nanungu, 265; Wanakoti, 266; retreat to Mozambique, 272; surrender, 285

Ligonha River, 282

Lihonja, 159

Likawage, 79

Lindi, 73, 108, 118, 133, 148, 207

“Linforce” Column, 148, 161, 251; joined by the Nigerian Brigade, 162; advance to Mtama, 167; actions, 181, 185

Lingaula Ridge, 91, 93, 95

Liome, 285

Lions, at Msalu, 265

Liwale, 73, 78, 118

Liwinda Ravine, 109, 110, 111; water depôt at, 113, 117

Lome, 1, 76

Lorenço Marquez, 216

Loyal North Lancashire Regiment, 10, 35, 37

Luatalla, 198

Luchemi, 190, 194

Lugomya River, 61

Lujendi River, 213

Lukigura River, 10

Lukuledi, mission station at, 167, 169-171; attack on, 168-178; destruction of the church, 183

—— River, 169, 186

Lulete, 283

Lulindi, 195, 198

Lumbo, 281

_Lunkwa_, H.M.S., 215

Lurio, 213, 222, 265; River, 214, 272, 285

Lusinje, 256, 261

Lustalla, 201

Macpherson, Capt., 86, 87; at the battle of Nkessa, 36; Rumbo, 90

Mafisa, 17, 41

Magaruna River, 222

Magaura River, 86, 91

_Magdalene_, H.M.T., 274

Magogoni, 41

Maguida River, 228

Mahazi, 15

Mahenge, 109

Mahiba, 225

Mahiwa, 208; action at, 181, 198

Mahu, 267

Makangaga, 79, 94, 95

Makindu River, 16

Makochera, 207

Makonde Plateau, 188, 190

Makotschera, 73

Makuku, 256, 262

Mama Juma, Sergt.-Major, 173

Mambir River, 190

Mamprusi, Sergt. Yessufu, 173; wounded, 175; awarded the D.C.M. and the Military Medal, 288

Manambiri, 235

Manasara Kanjaga, Sergt.-Major, awarded the D.C.M., 57

Mangano, 159

Manyambas, 190, 195

Marenjende, 127

Marrupula, 281

Maruchiras, 190

Massambassi, 20

Massassi, mission station at, 72, 133, 148, 182, 208; headquarters of the Germans, 72, 162, 194

Matandu River, 43

Matombo Mission Station, 22, 24, 25

Mawerenye, 127

Maxwell, Lieut., 112

May, Colour-Sergt., killed at the battle of Nkessa, 39

Mbalama, 256

Mbalawala hills, 201

Mbemba, 158

Mbemkuru River, 118, 131, 132, 133, 135, 141, 144, 147, 153, 157, 159, 160; valley of, 132

Mbombomya, 110; water-holes at, 115, 117, 127

_Mborio_, or fortified posts, 217

McElligott, Capt., 112, 123, 124, 135, 138, 144; patrol work, 191-193, 201

McEvoy, Lieut., wounded, 257

Mecklenburg, Duke Adolf Freidrich of, Governor of Togoland, 76

Medlock, Sergt.-Major F. C., awarded the D.C.M., 90, 287

Medo, 223, 235, 238, 250; engagement at, 236; evacuated, 249

Member, Sergt., awarded the Military Medal, 288

Methven, Capt. E. B., 112; at Liwinda Ravine, 113; scouting expedition, 114; advance on Mihambia, 122, 123; attack on, Nahungu, 136; gallant deed, 139; at the battle of Mitoneno, 145; attack on Ruangwa Chini, 156; march to Lukuledi, 167; attack on, 171-173; wounded, 173, 178; awarded a bar to the Military Cross, 179, 287

Metil, 281, 282

Meza, 224, 230

Mgeta River, 39, 40

Miesi River, 199, 201

Migeri-geri, 82

Mihambia, 109, 115, 119; attack on, 117, 120; evacuated, 124

Mihomo, 141

Mikesse, 73

Mikikama, 99

Mikikole, 110, 113, 117

Milinch Hills, 260

Mingoya, 208, 214

Minokwe, 97

Mission stations in German East Africa, 22

Mitole, 45, 46, 71, 78

Mitoneno, 142; advance on, 143; engagement at, 144-146

Miwale Hill, 190; River, 190

Mkufi, 222

Mkundi, 194, 195; River, 17

Mnapo, 281, 283

Mnasi, 78, 79, 89

Mnero, mission station at, 159

Mnindi, 95

Mnitshi, 110, 114, 115, 117, 127

Mombassa, 6

Montepuez River, 238, 258

Moon, eclipse, 93

Morogoro Mission Station, 11, 12, 24

Moschi, 10

Moshi, Pte. Akuluga, awarded the Military Medal, 288

——, Sergt.-Major Bukare, 85; awarded the D.C.M., 57; the Military Medal, 288

——, Corpl. Kuka, awarded the Military Medal, 288

——, Kwenjeh, awarded the Military Medal, 288

——, Sergt. Mamadu, 84; awarded the D.C.M., 288

——, Sergt. Moriambah, awarded the D.C.M., 287

——, Mumuni, awarded the D.C.M., 287

——, Corpl. Nuaga, awarded the Military Medal, 288

——, Bugler Nufu, awarded the D.C.M., 288

——, Corpl. Sandogo, awarded the D.C.M., 288

——, Pte. Sebidu, awarded the Military Medal, 288

Mountain Battery, the 24th, 58

Mountain Battery, the 27th, 94, 117, 119, 134, 142, 157, 177

Mozambique, 216, 272; campaign in, 280

Mpara, 44, 78

Mpepo, 109

Mpingo, 110, 114, 121, 122, 126

Mpoto, 195

Msalu Boma, 262, 264; River, 268; bridge across, 269

Msiha, 12

Mtama, 167, 181, 208

Mtandula, 97

Mtua, 208

Mtuge, 219, 221, 223, 225

Mtumbei Chini, 47, 71

—— Juu, Mission Station, 43, 47, 48, 55

Muapa, 229

Mudge, Sergt., killed, 246, 248

Mule, the transport, character, 151

Muligudge, 282

Murray, Capt., in command of H.M.S. _Lunkwa_, 215

Murray, Lieut., 86

Murrupula, 282

Musa Fra-Fra, Corpl., instinct for discovering water, 70

Mussuril Bay, 281

Mwalia, 251; advance on, 253-256

Mwambia Ridge, 270

Mwariba, 270

Mwengei, 57, 58

Mwiti Mission Station, 187, 190, 200; River, 195

Nahungu, 131; attack on, 134-139, 206

Naiku River, 132

Nairobi, 7, 273

Nairombo, 195

Nakalala, 196

Namaaka, 235; fight at, 236-238

Namarala, 227, 228

Namaranje, 46

Namarika, 234

Namatwe, 61, 70

Nambingo, 201

Nambunjo Hill, 121, 126; perimeter camp at, 122

Namburage, 61

Namehi, 153

Nampula, 281

Namirrue, 280, 281, 282, 284

Nanguari, 213

Nangus, 185

Nanungu, 256, 265, 269

Nanunya, 223, 226, 228

Napue, 282

Narungombe, 98, 107, 109; attack on, 99-104

Nash, Lieut., 201

Natovi, 234

Naurus, 205

Naylor, Colour-Sergt., 136

Ndanda, mission station, 186, 207

Ndessa, 110, 116; attack on, 118

Ndessa Juu, 129; water-holes at, 130

Ndomondo, 186

Nelson, Colour-Sergt., 61, 63; shot, 64; discovery of his body, 67; burial, 68

Nerungombe, engagement at, 94

Newala, 73, 188, 194; Germans surrender, 196; abandoned, 211

Ngarambi Chini, 60, 61, 70

Ngaura River, 83, 86

Ngere-Ngere, the, 17, 20

Ngomania, 95

Ngomano, 197, 207, 285

Ngombezi, 8, 12

Nhamaccura, 280, 284

Nicholl, Rev. Captain, 68

Nigerian Brigade, 74, 127; at Rufiji, 108; advance on Ruale, 118; engagement at Bweho Chini, 130; meeting with the Gold Coast Regiment, 140; march to join up with “Linforce,” 161; actions, 181; occupy Chiwata, 191; capture a German hospital, 195

Nigeri-geri, 78

Nivanga, 78

Njengao, action at, 181, 198

Njijo, 78

Njimbwe, 61, 63, 65, 66, 69, 70, 74

Nkessa, battle of, 35-39, 196

Nkufi, 218

“Norforce,” 268

Norris, Lieut., at Pumone, 228

Northey, General, 252; advance on Mpepo, 109

Nuaga Kusasi, battery trumpeter, 83

Numarroe, 284

Nyassa Company territory, 216

O’Brien, Capt. A. J. R., 47; awarded the Military Cross and Bar, 56, 286, 287; wounded, 105

O’Brien, Capt. J. M., 249

O’Grady, General, 20, 50, 57, 181

One-Stick Hill, 58

Orr, Colonel, 202; in command of the 3rd East African Brigade, 91, 93; in command of No. 1 Column, 94; attack on Ruangwa Chini, 157

_Pakhals_, or long tins, 114, 126

Palestine, 277

“Pamforce,” 212, 221; at Meza, 280; division of, 233; advance to Koronje, 252

Parker, Capt. G. H., 123, 222; trains the Mounted Infantry, 279; at Mussuril Bay, 281; awarded the Military Cross, 286

Path, cutting a, 97

Pathans, the 40th, 54, 55, 56, 59, 65, 74, 82, 94, 102; casualties, 67; at the battle of Rumbo, 83-86

Payne, Sergt., 131

Pequerra, 282, 283

Percy, Lieut., 56; wounded, 132, 271

Phillips, Colonel, 252

Piggott, Capt. T. B. C., wounded, 53; awarded the Italian Silver Medal, 89, 287; the Military Cross, 90, 286

Pike, Lieut., at Port Amelia, 208

Pioneer Company of the Gold Coast Regiment, 4, 35, 36, 38, 51, 65, 70, 78, 94, 101, 119, 126, 135, 136, 164, 174, 190; at the battle of Kikirunga, 26-32; Migeri-geri, 89; ambush against, 90; at the battle of Mitoneno, 146; Wangoni, 206; Port Amelia, 223

Poer, Capt. H. C. C. de la, Special Service Officer to the Gold Coast Regiment, 8

Pomba Bay, 214, 217

Poole, Lieut., 282

Pori Hill, 135, 136, 139

Port Amelia, 207, 208, 217, 279; defence of, 214

Portal, Sir Gerald, on the East African carrier, 151

Portuguese East Africa, 72; ammunition at Ngomano captured, 207; division of, 216

Potter, Lieut.-Col., in command of the training depôts, 209

Poyntz, Capt. R. H., 31; at the battle of Nkessa, 36-38; advance on Gold Coast Hill, 51; wounded, 53; awarded the Military Cross, 59, 286

Pretorius, Major, 17; acts as guide to the Nigerian Brigade, 161

Pumone, 224, 225, 227

Punjabis, the 29th, 37

Punjabis, the 33rd, 90, 94, 102

Pye, Capt., 51; killed, 53

Radford, Pte. S. G., awarded the D.C.M. and Cross of St. George, 287

Read, Major H., 44, 87; voyage to Accra, 274; awarded the O.B.E., 287

Reid, Lieut., 238

Ridgeway, Colonel, in command of No. 2 Column, 96

Rifles, the 55th, occupy Newala, 196

Road-mine, explosion, 247

Robertson, Lieut., 224

Rock Camp, 238; convoy attacked, 255

Roofs, corrugated iron, result, 218

Rose, Lieut.-Col. R. A. De B., in command of the Gold Coast Expeditionary Force, 4, 274; telegram of congratulation, 33; knocked over by a shell, 53; reconnaissance, 58; in temporary command of the 3rd East African Brigade, 60; Brevet Lieut.-Colonel, 71; attack of dysentery, 91; rejoins the Regiment, 112; attack on Mihambia, 117; occupies Nambunjo Hill, 121; in command of B Column, 204, 207; on board H.M. _Salamis_, 215; at Port Amelia, 221; at Ankuabe, 228; in command of “Pamforce” division, 233; escape from an explosion, 247; at Accra, 275; in command of the Second West African Brigade, 277; awarded the Bar to D.S.O., 286; Legion d’Honneur Croix d’Officier, 287; letter from C. H. Harper, 294

“Rosecol,” 233; advance on Chirimba Hill, 240, 242; Mwalia, 253-256; at Kalima, 256; advance on Milinch Hills, 260; at Msalu, 265, 266, 269; advance on Korewa, 271

Rovuma River, 72, 73, 130, 187, 188, 197, 199, 207, 265, 285

Royal Fusiliers, join up with the Gold Coast Regiment, 11

Ruale, 118

Ruangwa Chini, 154; attack on, 156-158

Rufiji River, 12, 24, 43, 61, 71, 72, 108, 109, 197

Rumbo, engagement at, 82-86

Rungo, 97

Ruponda, 160, 163, 164, 185; food depôts at, 181

Ruwanga, 163, 181

Ruwu, the, 17, 39, 40

_Salamis_, H.M., stranded, 215

Sanananga, 224

Sandani, 10

Sassaware, 73

Saunders, Lieut., 279, 282; wounded, 283

Saunderson, Lieut. R. de Bedick, killed, 175, 178; career, 175

Schnee, Herr, Governor of German East Africa, 195, 196

Schutzen Company, the 8th, 163

Scott, Lieut., wounded, 96

Sekondi, Port of, 4, 275

Shaw, Colonel G., 50, 54; at the battle of Kikirunga, 29, 30; awarded the Military Cross and Bar, 56, 106, 286; at Rumbo, 85; appointed Acting Major and Second in Command of the Gold Coast Regiment, 91; in command of No. 2 Column, 96; attack on Narumgombe, 101

Shaw, Lieut., 131

Shaw, Major, advance on Mihambia, 119; at Kitiia, 119; march on Nahungu, 131; attack on, 137; march to Chingwea, 167; attack on Lukuledi, 177; at Port Amelia, 208, 214, 219; advance on Chirimba Hill, 241, 242, 244; occupies Korewa, 272

Shepperd, Brig.-General, in command of the 1st East African Brigade, 10; Chief of Staff, 208

Shields, Lieut. George Hilliard, 61; attack on Gold Coast Hill, 53; treachery of the Germans, 63; killed, 64; head-master of the Government Boy’s School at Accra, 64; discovery of his body, 67; burial, 68

Sierra Leone Carrier Corps, 91, 236

Smith, Lieut. S. B., 112, 167, 172, 174; attempt to surprise the signal-station at Mpingo, 121; failure, 122; surrounded, 123; Staff-Officer, 204; at Port Amelia, 208

Smuts, General, Commander-in-Chief, Headquarters at Lukigura, 10; plan of attack, 11; at Dakawa, 16

Soeiro, Signor Abilio de Lobao, Governor of the Nyassa Company, 221

Songea, 73, 109

South African Infantry, the 7th, 94, 97, 102; the 8th, 94, 102

Sovar River, 225, 226

Stokes Battery, 104, 117, 185, 243, 248, 254

Tabora, gold coin, 204

Tafel, Major von, 109, 194, 198; surrender, 202

Tanga, fall of, 10

Tanga-Moschi Railway, 7, 10, 11, 44, 72

Tanganyika, Lake, 11, 73

Taylor, Colonel, in command of No. 3 Column, 94

Taylor, Lieut., 58; wounded, 54

Thornett, Colour-Sergt. C. A., killed, 246, 248; awarded the D.C.M., 287

Thornton, Colour-Sergt. E., at Port Amelia, 208; awarded the D.C.M., 287

Thirst, sufferings from, 13, 45, 107, 125-129

Togoland, invasion of, 1

Transport of the army, need for protection, 149

Tulo, 34, 36, 40

Turiani, 16

Turkey, surrender of, 277

Tyndall, Colonel, 83, 85

Ujiji, 11

Ukuli, 91, 94

Ulanga, 109

Uluguru Mountains, 23, 24, 25, 26, 34, 43, 196

Unguara, 65

Utete, 61, 63, 66

Venter, Major-General Van der, in command of the Second Division, 11; Commander-in-Chief, 207, 208

Viney, Lieut., 282; killed, 283

Voi, 7

Wami River, 10

Wanakoti, 266, 272, 280

Wangoni, 206

Watercourses, tropical, eccentricities, 47

Water depôt, attempt to establish at Liwinda Ravine, 114; shortage of, 13, 45, 107, 123, 125-129

Watt, Capt., 223

Watts, Capt., at Port Amelia, 208

Webber, Capt., advance on Medo, 236; Chirimba Hill, 241, 242

Wet, General de, 212

Wheeler, Capt., 31, 37, 50; wounded, 53; at Mkufi, 222; Mtuge, 225; advance on Chirimba Hill, 244

Wiedhafen, 73

Willoughby, Lieut., 112

Wilson, Lieut., 263; at Namarala, 228

Withers, Lieut., 260, 263; at Port Amelia, 208

Wongara, Sergt. Ali, awarded the Military Medal, 289

Wongara, Musa, awarded the D.C.M., 288

Woods, Lieut., reconnaissances, 114, 115; patrol on the Mbombomya road, 121; attack on, 123; at the battle of Mitoneno, 145; advance on Lukuledi, 167, 171; killed, 173, 178

Wray, Captain, 56, 124; attack on, 125; wounded, 125, 132

Zanzibar, island of, 39

Zeppelin, recalled, 189

PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES, ENGLAND

Transcriber’s Note.

This table summarizes those aspects of the text which were deemed to be attributable to the printer, and which have therefore been corrected.

Place-names can be very similar, and care was taken to keep the spelling as printed, except where a single variant was obvious. For example, the reference on p. 91 to the ‘Mgaura’ River would seem to identical to the ‘Magaura’ River referred to on p. 86. The index entry for the latter mentions both pages. Lingaula Ridge is referred to once each as ‘Linguala’ (p. 91) and ‘Langaula’ (p. 93). Both are corrected in the text. With respect to the index, it should be observed that spelling there sometimes contradicts the text; thus ‘Jirimita’ Hills is referred to in the Index as ‘Jerimita’, etc. The index entries have not been corrected.

7.19 the stu[d/p]endous culmination Replaced.

25.17 from this hill[,/.] Replaced.

40.34 of which the Mget[e/a] is a right affluent Replaced.

45.5 distance from N[i]geri-geri Added.

65.31 terrif[f]ic thunderstorm Removed.

91.2 patrolling the M[a]gaura River Added.

91.33 the detachment at Ling[ua/au]la Ridge Transposed.

93.25 remained behind at L[a/i]ngaula Ridge. Replaced.

95.25 overlooking the water-holes[.] Added.

97.22 King’s African [K/R]ifles Replaced.

98.18 retransferred to No. 1 Column[,/.] Replaced.

128.10 Gold Coast Regiment at Mbombo[n/m]ya. Replaced.

206.14 Exe[d/p]itionary Force Replaced.

220.18 [affected] by shipping the anchor _sic_

248.33 almost contin[u]ous warfare. Added.

254.8 Shaw’s deta[t]chment digging itself Removed.

301.2.30 Mecklenburg, Duke Adolf Fr[i]edrich of, Added. Governor of Togoland, 76