Part 26

Drainage work, Cnossian, 26

Drama, Athenian, 112; the Greek, 172-187; as instrument of public education, 172; “Middle Comedy,” 227; the New Comedy of manners, 228, 253; the mime, 250; “contamination,” 253

Earth, circumference of the, 248

East and West, conflict between, 11

Ecclesia, 116

Education, Spartan, 89; Platonic, 255

Egypt, Greek learning from, 119; Athens and the affairs of, 142; under the Ptolemies, 244. _See also_ Alexandria

Egyptian influence in Crete, 20, 33

Egyptologists and dates, 17

Eilithuia, 151

Eleatic school of philosophy, 128

Eleusinian mysteries, 34, 98, 170

Eleusinian relief, the (sculpture), 160

Eleusis, the Great Temple of the Mysteries, 170

Eleutheria, 94

Elgin, Lord, and the Parthenon marbles, 151

Elis, citizens of, and Olympian Games, 77; coins of, 148

Empire and democracy, 11

Empires, Greek, 11

Epaminondas the Theban, 180, 204-208, 240

Ephesus, wealth, &c., 112, 118; column from, 123; temple of Artemis, 218, 221; new temple at, 226

Ephorate, Spartan, 85

Ephorus, 228

Epictetus, 257

Epicureanism, 258

Epicurus, 257, 258

Epidaurus, 104

Epimenides the Cretan, 15, 101

Epinikia, the, 76

Epirus, 245

Eratosthenes, 248

Erechtheum, the, 102, 165-167

Erechtheus, 95, 96, 102, 110, 112

Eretria, 133

Eros, 155, 211; Eros of Thespiæ, 213, 215; Eros of Centocelle, 215

Ethics, 235; of Aristotle, 254; politics a branch of, 256

Etruscan art, 17

Etruscans, 127

Euænetus, 225

Eubœa, 63, 196

Eubouleus, 190

Eucleides, 197

Euclid, 248

Eugenics, Spartan, 89

Euhemerism, 122

Eumæus, 47

_Eunomia_, 73, 94

Eupatridæ, 97

Euploia, 213

Euripides, against athletes, 79; the chorus in, 174; the sceptic and prophet of the new age, 177; the “Alcestis,” 179; number of his works, 182; in the “Frogs” of Aristophanes, 184, 186; and social problems, 210; influence on art, 211; Archelaus and, 239

European civilisation and modern discoveries, 14; early civilisation, 247

Eurotas, Vale of, 204

Eurymedon, 142

Euxine, the, 202

Evagoras, 238

Evans, Sir Arthur, discoveries of, 17, 24, 25, 30

Fashions (dress), Cnossian, 25

Fates, the, 66, 123, 189

Federal systems, 238

Flagellation, Spartan, 92

Fortresses of Tiryns, &c., 28

Four Hundred, government of the, 196

François Vase, 43, 57

Frere’s, Hookham, translation of Aristophanes, quoted, 184

Frieze of the Parthenon, 153

Funeral customs, 188

Furies, the, 181

Furtwängler, Adolf, 151, 158

Gaia (Earth), 152

Games, the--_see_ Athletics

Gardner, Prof. Ernest, on the Parthenon sculptures, 150, 154

Gauls, the, 238

Gelo of Syracuse, 130, 131, 137, 225

Gem-engraving, 263

Gems, 225

Genius, the rise of, 132; Greek impersonal genius, 158

Geometric style in art, 56

Gerontes, Spartan, 84

Gerousia, or Senate, 84

Ghost-worship, 66

Glaucus, 79

God, Socrates and, 232

Gods in Homer, 50

Gorgias of Leontini, 230

Gorgon, the, 57

Goths, the, 262

Government of the Greek States, 83, 116; popular government in Athens, 195; Platonic government, 255

Græco-Roman art, 265

“Greece,” and “Greek,” ideas conveyed by, 1

Greece, the country, 5; and the sea, 5; climate, 7; scenery, 9; the Dark Ages, 36; the earlier civilisation, 74; government, 116; invaders of, 262; its decline, 263

Greece, modern, 261; War of Independence, 262; war with Turkey, 262

Greek character, the, 10

Greek culture, its continuing influence, 260

Greek history, new discoveries and, 12

Greek poetry, 53

Greek states, government of the, 83

Greek world, the, under Alexander, 244

Greeks inherently aristocratic, 171; racial character of modern Greeks, 8

Griffin, the, 58

“Grin, the archaic,” 70

Grundy, Dr. G. B., 138

Gylippus, 93

Hades, 123, 124, 190, 233

Hadrian, Emperor, 111, 261

Hæmon, 178

Halicarnassus, coin, 123; mausoleum at, 221

Happiness, 258

Harmodius and Aristogeiton, legend of, 115, 180; statue by Antenor, 115; “the Harmodius,” 116; group from Ægina, 147

Harold Hardrada, 262

Harp, the, 39; and Spartans, 224

Harpies, the, 66, 189

Harpy tomb, 123

Heavenly twins, the, 245

Hecatæus of Miletus, 122

Hegeso, tomb of, 192

Helen of Troy, 55, 58

Helicon, Mount, 9; Muses of, 63

Heliodorus, 180, 262

Helios, 226

Hellas, definition of, 260

Hellenic people, the, fusion of races, 39

Hellenism, the study of, 4; contest between Hellenism and barbarism, 153; Alexander the Great and, 243; and Asiatic elements, 251; the Roman and, 260; and Europe, 260

Helots, 87

Hephæstus, shield of, 43; works of, 54; and Athena, 94; in the Parthenon frieze, 151, 155; the temple of, 167

Hera, 23, 50, 130, 154; temple of, 106, 108, 215

Heracleitus of Ephesus, 122

Heracles, 85; and his labours, 111, 153; and Hylas, 180; the Farnese, 265

“Heracles, the sons of,” 73

Herculaneum, bronzes, 221; Greek art at, 263

Hercules--_see_ Heracles

Hermes, early origin, 66, 67; popularity of, 68; in art, 70; and the Olympian Games, 76; in the Parthenon frieze, 154; on sepulchral slab, 192; replaces Apollo in art, 211; of Praxiteles, 169, 211, 215

Hero-worship, 38; in Homer, 51

Herodotus, 228; on Homer and Hesiod, 50; and the Delphic oracle, 73; declaimed at the Olympic Games, 76; and the Persians, 136

Heroic age, the, 36, 38; cult and art, 103

Herondas of Cos, 250

Hersephoria, 98

Hesiod and the five ages of the world, 36; and the gods, 50; contemporary with Homer, 52; the world of, 61-64; and mythology, 66; and poetic contest, 75, 88; popularity of, 104

“Heureka!” 248

Hiero, tyrant of Syracuse, 113, 129, 225

Hieron, 225

Himera, battle of, 130, 131

Hindu Khush, the, 243

Hipparchus, 113, 115

Hippias, 115, 116, 134, 235

Hippocleides, 109

Hissarlik, 13

Historians, 228

Homer and primitive European civilisation, 12, 13, 14; and the Achæans, 40; composition of the epics, 41; as history, 42; the Shield of Achilles, 42-47; kings and gods in, 47-53; Homeric religion, 51; when written, 52; and the art of the period, 53; women in, 58; houses and domestic life in, 59; and mythology, 66; popularity of, 103; the recitation of, 112; theology of, 232; Ionia and, 119; scholars of Alexandria and, 248; influence of, 261

“Homeric” hymns, 68

Homeridæ, the, 41

Hoplite, the Athenian, 135

Horace, 121

Horse, the, in Greek art, 57

Horse-races, 129

Houses in Homer, 59

“Hungry Greekling,” 265

Hygiæa, 70

Hylas, 180

Hymettus, Mount, 96

Hypnos (Sleep), 220

Ibycus of Rhegium, 129

Ictinus, the architect, 147; and the temple-builders, 161-171

“Ilissus,” 152

Immortality, doctrine of, 128; immortality of the soul, 190; Platonic theory of, 234

India, Alexander the Great’s invasion of, 243

Indo-Europeans, Ægean, 32

Ionia, 118-126; cities, 112; poets, 119; philosophers, 122; plastic art, 123, 126; King Crœsus, 123; Sparta and Ionian cities, 199, 204

Ionians, the, 40, 68, 118

Ionic states, the, 112

Iphicrates, 204

Iris, 51, 152

Iron Age, the, 31, 37

Isæus, 229

Isles of the Blessed, 37, 39, 189, 190

Isocrates, 230, 241, 260

Issus, 245, 246

Italy, South, Greek cities of, 263

Jason, 211, 249

“Javan,” 118

“Jove of Otricoli,” 148

Judges of the games, 77

Julian the Apostate, 262

Julius Cæsar and Alexander the Great, 242

Justice, Plato’s “The Republic” and, 254

Justinian, 262

Juvenal, 260, 265

“Kamáres” ware, 20

Karuæ, 166

Keftiu, 20

Kimon, 140, 141, 157

Kings, the, of Homer, 47; of Hesiod, 62; Spartan kings, 84

Kingsley’s, Charles, “Heroes,” 15

Koré, 98. _See also_ Persephone

Koroplastes, 227

Kylix, the, 24

Kypselus, Chest of, 43

Labdacus, 181

Labyrinth legend, the, 25

Lacedæmon, 206

Lacedæmonians, the, 82

Laconia, 200

“Laconic,” 92

Lady of Cnidos, 251

Lais, 109

Lang, Andrew, on Theocritus, 250

“Laocoön,” the, 265

Laurium silver-mines, 111, 135

Law, Natural, 258

Law-givers, 128; of Athens, 99

Laws of Solon, 97, 100

Lawson’s, J. C., “Modern Greek Folklore,” 170

Legal system of Athens, 229; Stoicism and the legal systems of Europe, 258

Lemnian Athena, 157

“Lenormant” statuette, 148

Leonidas, King, 93, 138; and the Spartans, 113

Lesbos, 118, 142

Lessing, 265

Leto, 222

Leucas, canal through, 109

Leuctra, battle of, 205, 207, 208, 239

Levant, the, commerce and sea-power of, 247

Liberty in Athens, 145

Library of Alexandria, 248

Lighthouse, great (Pharos), 247

Literature, the Ptolemies and, 248; of the fourth century, 227; Greek literature, 262

“Liturgies,” 174

Lizard-slayer, the, 212

Logic, Aristotle and, 254

Louvre, the, 215; Venus of Milo, 252; Victory of Samothrace, 252

Love, Plato on, 234; love in Greek drama, 178; male, 91

Lucian, 214, 263

Luck, Hermes the god of, 68

Lucretius, 258

Ludovisi Throne, reliefs from the, 124, 160

Lyceum, the, 253

Lycia, Nereid Monument, 226

Lycurgean constitution, 200

Lycurgus, 73, 99, 228

Lydian Mode, the, in music, 224

Lydians, coinage invented by, 123

Lyre, the, 68

Lysander, 94, 144, 197, 199

Lysias, 229

Lysicrates, monument of, 182, 226

Lysimachus, 246

Lysippus of Sicyon, 169, 218, 242, 245, 246

Macedon, 237; rise of, 239

Macedonia, the kingdom of, 244, 252; a Roman province, 261; the Macedonian kings, 240; anti-Macedonian party, 240

Malaria in modern Greece, 8

Mantinæa, 93, 204, 206, 208, 216

Marathon, 134, 139

“Marble Faun,” the, 214

Marbles, Greek, 149

Marcus Aurelius, 257

Mardonius, 139

Marriage customs, Spartan, 90

Marshlands and malaria, 9

“Marsyas,” by Myron, 159

Masks in drama, 175

Mausolus and his mausoleum, 221

Medea, 211

Medes and Persians, 133

Mediterranean peninsulas, 247

Medusa the Gorgon, 95; the “Rondanini” Medusa, 220

Megacles, 99, 109

Megara, 104, 110, 142

_Megaron_, 59

Meidias, 230

Melanthius, 186

Meleager, quoted, 249; statue of Meleager, 218

Melitus, 232

Menander, 180, 228, 253, 261

Menestheus, 96, 97

“Messengers” in Greek tragedy, 181

Messenia, 206

Messenians of Naupactus, 160

_Metayer_ system, 97

Metempsychosis, 128

Metopes, 130; of the Parthenon, 153

Miletus, 104, 112, 118, 123, 127, 176

Milo, 127

Miltiades, 111, 134, 228

Milton, John, 261; “Lycidas,” 250

Mime, the, 250

Minoan empire, fall of, 38; Minoan discoveries, 16

Minos, 15, 16; laws of, 33

Minotaur, the, 15

Mitylene, 110, 118, 144, 195

Mnesicles, 164, 171

Monarchy, 256

Money, coined, 89

More, Sir Thomas, 261

Morosini, General, 151

Moschus, 250

Mourning, 190

Mummy-cases, 223

Munich Glyptothek, 147, 214

Murray, Prof. Gilbert, on Homer, 51

Musæus, 114

Museum, the, 248

Music, Greek, 223

Mycenæ, 13; Bronze Age, 23; palace of, 24; fortress of, 28, 29; tombs, 29; treasures of, 30; art, 31

Mycenæan discoveries, 16; art, 31

Myres, Mr., on Cnossian millinery, 26

Myron (sculptor), 80, 159, 217

“Myrtle Bough, The,” 114

Mythology, 66, 98

Naples Museum, 116, 265

Napoleon and Alexander the Great, 242

Narrative in Greek drama, 180

Natural science, Aristotle and, 254

Naturalistic worship, 34

Nature in primitive Cretan art, 22

Nature-study, 128

Nature-worship, 39, 99

Naupactus, 142

Naval empires, 15

Navy, Athenian, 135

Neighbours, or Perioikoi, 87

Neolithic man, 18

Neoptolemus, 176

Nereid Monument, 226

Nero, 261

Nestor, 54

Newton, Sir Charles, 221

Nicetas, 157

Nicomedes, King, of Bithynia, 213

Nike, 245

Nikias, 140, 229

Niobe, 222

Niobids, the, 222

Normans, the, 262

Northern invasion of Greece, 35 _et seq._

Novel, the Greek, 262

Nudity, the Greeks and, 81; in sculpture, 211

Obscenity, 184

Odeion, 168

Odysseus, 47, 54, 59; palace of, 60

Œdipus, 36, 178

Œnomaus, 76

Oligarchy, 84, 195, 199, 256

Olympia, sculptures at, 157, 159, 160; temple of Zeus, 168; the Altis, 169

Olympian cult and art, 103; deities, 9, 66

Olympic Games, 76; nature of the contests, 77; sacrifice and ritual, 77; the competitors, 77; the judges, 77; the prize and honours 78; trickery, 78; their duration, 78; account of Pausanias, 78; dress of the athletes, 82; Nero in the, 261

Omar, the Caliph, 262

Omphalos, 71

Onomacritus, 113

Opuntius, 186

Oracle, the Delphic--_see_ Delphic

Oratory, 228-231

Orchomenos, Apollo of, 69

Orestes, 181, 182

Orpheus, 53; and Eurydice, 192

Ortygia, 131

Ostracism, 117

Ostrakon of Themistocles, 141

Owl, Athena’s, 99

Ox-murder, 98

Pæonius, 159, 160; Victory by, 252

Pæsto, 128

Painting, Greek, 223

Pallas Athena--_see_ Athena

Pan, 99; Cave of, 168

Pan-pipes, 224

Panainos, 149, 167

Panathenæa, Greater, 111

Panathenaic amphoræ, 224; festival, 154, 163

Pandion, 96

Pandora, 62

Pandrosos, 166

Panegyric oration of Isocrates, 230

Pangæus, Mount, gold-mines of, 240

Panhellenic orations, 230; union, 241

Pantarkes, 157

Panticapæum, 225

Parian marble, 149

Paris, palace of, 59

Parmenio, 246

Parnassus, 69

Parrhasios, 223

Parrhesia, 94

Parry, Sir Hubert, and Greek music, 223

Parthenon, the, supersedes the Acropolis, 102; architecture, 107, 161-163; sculptures, 148, 150; of the pediments, 150, 151; the metopes, 153; the frieze, 112, 153; Athena Parthenos, 156; destructions, 150, 151

Parthenos of the Parthenon, 148

Party system, 117

Pastoral poetry, 249

Patroclides, 186

Patroclus, 74, 147

Paul, St., and Stoicism, 257; and the teaching of Socrates, 234

Pausanias, King of Sparta, 85, 94, 141

Pausanias, the traveller, on the Chest of Kypselus, 43; and Greek worship, 67; and Olympia, 78; and the Parthenon, 150, 160; and the Hermes of Praxiteles, 215; his works, 262

Pediments of the Parthenon, 150

Pegasus coins, 225

Peiræus, the, as part of Athens, 140; the planning, 171; Spartan attack, 205; new walls, 226; a centre of commerce, 252

Peirithous, 180

Peisistratus, Homer edited during his tyranny, 42; democracy before, 98; and Solon’s laws, 101; the tyranny of, 104;

services to Athens, 110; and the foundations of Athenian civilisation, 133; temple of Athena built by, 165; temple of Olympian Zeus begun by, 168

Pelasgians, the, 96, 163

Pelasgic Wall, 96

Pelopidas, 205, 207

Peloponnese, the, 137, 206

Peloponnesian War, 143, 194, 199, 208

Pelops, 76

Penelope, 47, 55, 58

Penrose, F. G., on the Parthenon, 161

Pentelic marble, 147

Pergamum, 237; altar of Zeus, 251

Periander, 106, 108, 109

Pericles, 99, 110; and the constitution of Athens, 118, 142-144; attacks on, 145, 156; oration on Athenian soldiers, 146; bust of, 160; the Odeion, 168; the Acropolis, 192

Peripatetic school of philosophy, 253

Persephone, Eleusinian mysteries in honour of, 98; on Harpy Tomb (Queen of the Dead), 123; on Ludovisi reliefs, 123; worship of, 170; Hades the home of, 190; on an archaic relief, 192

Perseus, 130

Persian Empire and Alexander the Great, 242, 243

Persian Gulf, the, 243

Persian wars, the, 124, 133-139, 142, 153, 203; Greek mercenaries in the Persian army, 201; Isocrates and the Persians, 230; Alexander and Persian troops, 241

Persis, 62

Phæacia, 54

“Phædo,” the, of Plato, 233

Phalanx, the, 241

Phalaris of Acragas, 105

Phanes, coin of, 123

Pharisaism, 257

Pharnabazus, 199

Pheidias, 81, 102, 145, 146-158, 213

Phidolas, 79

Phigaleia, temple of, 169

Philip of Macedon, 208, 237-241

Philip II., 239

Philippiades, 135

Philosophers, Ionian, 122

Philosophy of Pythagoras, 127; Eleatic school of, 128; of the fourth century, 231-236; Aristotle, 253; Stoicism, 257; Epicurean, 257; the Cynics, 258; and Julian the Apostate, 262

Phocians, the, 138, 238

Phœnicia, 244

Phœnician fleet, 142, 247

Phœnician traders, 129

Phœnicians, the, 33, 130

Phormio, 230

Phrygian Mode in music, 224

Phryne, 213

Phrynichus, 174, 176

Phthiotis, 41

Pictographic script, 20

Pillar-worship, 29

Pindar, 73, 76, 113, 129; the house of, 243

Pipes, 224

Piracy on the Ægean, 105

Pisirodus, 78

Pittacus, 121

“Place of the Wine-press,” 175

Platæa, battle of, 87, 130, 135, 139, 168; Pheidias and statue for Platæa, 157

Plato, influence of Pythagoras on, 128; on feminine nudity, 82; sex problem, 180; the “Republic,” 209, 254; and Socrates, 231; and the Homeric gods, 232; his ideal philosophy, 234; Aristotle and, 253; influence of, 261

Plato’s garden of the Academy, 210

“Platonic” love, 234

Plautus, 253

Pleading in litigation, 229

Pleasure, 258

Pliny, 149, 213, 219, 223

Plutarch on Spartan women, 90; on Periclean Athens, 150; the basis of his narratives, 228; his biographies, 262

Pluto, 190

Pnyx, the, 229; hill of Pnyx, 168

Poetry, religious aspect of, 75; lyric, 119; lyric poets, 129; the epic, hexameter verse, the elegiac couplet, epigrams, pastoral, 249; Alexandria and poetry, 249; Aristotle and, 254

Poets, Ionian, 119-122

Political science, Aristotle and, 254, 255

Political system, Apollo and, 73

Politics, Greek, 10; in the fourth century, 209; Plato, 254; Aristotle, 255

Polycleitus, 80, 81, 159

Polycrates, tyrant of Samos, 104, 113

Polygnotus, 164, 167, 191, 213, 223

Pompeian frescoes and mosaics, 223; mosaic floor, 245; Greek art, 263

Population, decline of, 239

Portico, the Royal, 167; Portico of Freedom, 167; Decorated Portico, 167

Portland Vase, the, 263

Portraiture, 211; on coins, 226, 247

Poseidon, the sea-god, 66; Athena and, 95, 152; worship, 96; of Mycale, 112; in the Parthenon frieze, 155; and the salt spring, 165; marks of his trident, 166

Posidonium, 128

Potter’s wheel, the, 22

Pottery, design in, and progress, 19; Athenian, 112; red-figured style, 224; Panathenaic amphoræ, 225

Praxiteles, Statue of Brauronian Artemis, 164; Hermes, 169, 209; and Athens, 194; nudity in sculpture, 211; works of, 213

“Praying Boy, The,” 220

Priam, palace of, 60

Professionalism, 210, 225

Prometheus, 62

Protagoras, 235

Psammetichus, 106

Psyche, 189

Ptolemies, the, 244, 247, 248, 250

Pugilism, Cnossian, 25

Punjaub, the, 243

Pyrrhus, 245, 261

Pythagoras of Samos, philosophy of, 74, 127; immortality taught by, 190

Pythian games, 72, 76

Pytho, 69, 71

Quoit-thrower, the, 81

Racial decline, 239

Religion of the Stone Age, 18; prehistoric Greek, 34; early religious beliefs, 65; survival of, 67; and morality, 235

Religious significance of the games, 74-76; of poetry, 75

Renaissance, the, and Greek thought, 3

Republic, an Ideal, 254; of Aristotle, 256

Rhetoric, 228-231; of Aristotle, 254

Rhodes, 237, 244; gold coins of, 226; siege of, 252

Rhodian sculptors of the “Laocoön,” 265

Ridgeway, Prof. Wm., on the survival of early Greek language, 32; on naturalistic worship, 34; and the invaders of Greece, 38; on Homer, 51; and Greek drama, 173

Rock-tombs, 188

Rodin, M., 148

Romans, the, and Greece, 245; and Greek philosophy, 258; and Hellenism, 260; and the control of Greece, 261; and Græco-Roman art, 265

Romantic, the, in the Greek character, 180

Roof-tiles, 108

Roxana, 242

Royal Portico, the, 167

Running Girl (statue), 161

Ruskin, John, 150

Sacred Band, the, 180, 205

“Sacred Wars,” 241

Sacrifice and ritual at Olympic Games, 77

Sacrifices and the dead, 66

Salamis, 110, 138

Samos, 142

Samothrace, 252

Sanitation, Cnossian, 26

Sappho, 119-121

Sardis, 133

Satyr, the young, by Praxiteles, 213, 214, 215

Satyric drama and the Satyrs, 173

Scepticism, Ionian, 122

Scheria, 48

Schliemann’s discoveries, 13

Scopas the Parian, 212, 217, 221

Sculpture of the Homeric period, 54; development of, 69; inspired by athletes, 80; Ionian, 123 _et seq._; earliest temple, 130; before Pheidias, 147; methods, 148; materials, 149; pediment figures, 150; metopes, 153; frieze (Parthenon), 153; statues by Pheidias, 156, 157; works of sculptors, 159-161; great sculptors, 159; minor sculptors, 192; of the fourth century, 211; materials, 212; anatomy, 212; supports, 213; works by Praxiteles, 213-217; convention, 216; tinted marble, 216; Scopas, 217; Lysippus, 218; works by unknown artists, 219; six greatest statues, 219; bronzes, 220; the Venus of Milo, 251; Græco-Roman, 265; the Laocoön, 265

Scyros, 190

Sea, Hesiod and the, 63; the Greek true element, 262

Sea-power, 195

Seleucid kings, the, 244

Selinus, 130

Sellasia, 239, 245

Semites, the, 129

Seven Sages, the, 74, 101, 106

Seven Wonders of the World, 247

Sex problem, the, 180

Shakespeare and Menander, 253, 261

Shelley’s “Adonais,” 250

Shield of Achilles, the, 42-47

Shields lost in battle, 121

Sicily, tyranny in, 104; poets in, 126; and wheat, 127; the Semites and (Carthaginian invasion), 129, 137; Athens and, 142, 144, 195; Idylls of Theocritus, 249; history, 250

Sicyon, 104, 109

Sidon sarcophagus, 246

Sigeum, 110, 121

Simonides, 104, 109, 113, 122, 129

Simplicity, Greek, in drama, 182

Sirens, the, 66

Skirophoria, 99

“Skolia,” 114

Slavery, 145, 171, 236

Slavs, the, 262

Snake-worship, 69, 99

Socialist, Pericles a, 143; Plato the father of socialism, 255

Socrates and the education of women, 82; and Alcibiades, 144; attacks upon, 145; and Aspasia, 146; and the Royal Portico, 167; Xenophon and, 203; the personality of, 231; trial and death, 232; his philosophy, 231, 234

Soldiers, Spartan, 204; professional, 238

Solon, the Spartans and, 74; his laws, 97, 99, 100, 191; poetry, 100; and Egypt, 101; and Peisistratus, 110; and Cleisthenes, 118; and funerals, 191; historians and, 228

Sophistry, 231

Sophocles, actors in, 174; and the Athenian spirit, 177; number of his works, 182; and Aristophanes, 186

_Sophrosune_, 10

Sparta, conservative in type, 6; its smallness, 10; political system, 73, 83; and the Olympian Games, 77; government, 84; kings, 84; Ephorate, 85; Mixed Constitution, 86; an aristocracy, 87; Helots, 87; Neighbours, or Perioikoi, 87; the city, 87; as conqueror, 88; military education and discipline, 83, 88-89; art, 88; coinage, 89; education, 89; women, 90; marriage customs, 90; children and youths, 91; warfare, 92; relaxations, 93;

Spartan character, 93; conservatism, 94; and Persian invasion, 137; and democracy, 196; and Lysander, 200; domination and aggression of, 198, 203, 205; an inland power, 199; government, 200; soldiers, 204; and Thebes, 207; reformation of, 239; and the confederacies, 244; government under the Romans, 261

Sparta and Athens, 133, 135, 195; conflict between, 83, 143

Spartans of the Dorian race, 40

Spartiate race of Lacedæmon, 239

Spartiates, the, 84, 87, 88, 239

Sphacteria, 144, 160

Sphinx, the, 58

“Spinario,” the, 161

Stackelberg, Baron von, 170

Stadium, the, 226

Stage, the, 174, 175

Stagira, 253

Stesichorus of Himera, 129

Stoic philosophy, the, 167, 257, 258

Stoicism and Christianity, 261

Stone Age, the, in Crete, 18

_Strategoi_, 117

Studniczka, Prof., 126

Styx, the, 189, 233

“Successors, the,” 244

Sulla, 220

Swinburne, A. C., on Sappho, 120

Sybaris, 127, 128

Syracuse, poets of, 129; tyrants of, 78, 129, 250; Doric columns, 131; coins, 129, 131, 225

“Syrinx,” the, 224

Tanagra statuettes, 227

Tartarus, 233

Taygetus, Mount, 87

“Tearless Battle,” 208

Tegea, 218

Telamon, 147

Telamones of Acragas, 166

Tempe, 9, 137

Temples, Doric, in Selinus, 130

Ten Thousand, the march of the, 201

Tenean Apollo, 69

Tenedos, 226

Terence, 253

Terpander, 88, 122

Textile art in Homer, 55

_Thalamos_, 59

Thalassa (Sea), 152

Thalassocracies, 15

Thales of Miletus, 101, 119, 122

Thaletus, 15

Theagenes, 110

Theatre of Dionysus, 168, 175, 226

Theatres, 173

Theban and Persian alliance, 207

Thebes and the Persians, 137; and Epaminondas, 205; Theban hegemony, 207; destroyed, 243

Themis, 69

Themistocles and the sea, 5; and ships, 135; and the sea-fight of Salamis, 138-140; ostracised, 141; biographies of, 228

Theocritus, 180, 249, 261

Theopompus, 228

Theramenes, 100, 197, 232