CHAPTER VI.

THE RISE OF THE JACOBIN PARTY 129-154

The Revolution consists of two separate movements, one mainly political, the other mainly social.--Pause in the Revolution in 1791.--Apathy of the majority of voters.--Classes which had not gained what they expected from the Revolution.--Distress among the artisans and labourers.--Illogical position of the Constitutional party.--Causes of its unpopularity with the poor.--The Jacobin theory.--Its results in practice.--Its triumph secured by violence.--Various causes of disorder.--Increase of the influence of force in politics.--Numbers of the Jacobin party.--Its complete organisation.--Growth of Jacobin clubs.--Organisation of the Commune of Paris.--Influence of the active Sections.--Rise of Robespierre.--His character and policy.--Results of the King's flight to Varennes.--Attitude of the Jacobin Club.--The 'Massacre of the Champ de Mars.'--Rally of the Constitutional party.--Barren results of their success.--Reviving influence of the Jacobins.--Visible in the Elections.--Critical state of the Revolution at the end of 1791.