CHAPTER II.

FRANCE UNDER LOUIS XVI., 1774–1789.

The Ministry of Turgot 18 Opposition raised to his reforms 19 Character of Louis XVI. 19 Character of Marie Antoinette 20 1776. Dismissal of Turgot 21 Movement of Reform extends over Europe 21 Condition of England 23 Pitt in Office 24 Reaction after Turgot’s dismissal 25 Ministry of Necker 25 Necker opposed by the Parliaments 25 1781. He resigns office 26 Desire for political liberty 26 1776. American Declaration of Independence 26 1783. Ministry of Calonne 27 1787. The Assembly of Notables 27 Ministry of Brienne 27 General disaffection 28 1788. Second Ministry of Necker, and calling of the States General 29 Pamphlets and Cahiers 29 Siéyès’ Pamphlet--What is the Third Estate? 30 Double Representation of the Third Estate 31