xiii. 170 (1859), as an unidentified work by an Ottoman historian of the

reign of Murad II. As a matter of fact it is merely a translation, and was not written by an Osmanli.

IBN KHALDOUN. _Universal History._ The Prolegomena, Arabic text, are edited by Quatremère in _Notices et Extraits_, vol. xvi (1858), and translated by Baron de Slane in vol. xvii (1859). German abridged trans, by Thornberg in _Nova acta Reg. Soc._, vol. xii, Leipzig, 1844.

IDRIS, Mevlana (of Bitlis). _Ilesht-Bihisht._ The Eight Heavens.

One of the two earliest extant Ottoman histories. Written in Persian for Bayezid II about 1500. There is no translation, and complete MSS. are rare. But one has access, not only to the facts recorded and opinions of Idris, but also to his wonderful imagery, for Seadeddin has copied him copiously and, in fact, embodied many literal translations of Idris in his ‘Crown of Histories’.

JACOB, GEORG. _Türkische Bibliothek._ Folk-stories. Berlin, 1904-5. 3 vols. 8vo.

JAUBERT, A. M. Editor of Mirkhond’s _Djenghiz Khan_; and French translator of Edrisi’s Geography.

JIREČEK, CONST. JOSEPH. 1. _Geschichte der Bulgaren._ Prague, 1876, 8vo.

2. _Die Heerstrasse von Belgrad nach Konstantinopel, und die Balkanpässe._ Prague, 1877, 8vo.

JONQUIÈRE, Vte A. DE LA. _Histoire de l’Empire ottoman._ Paris, 1881, 8vo. New edition, revised and enlarged, with excellent maps. Paris, 1914. 2 vols. 8vo.

JORGA, N. 1. _Notes et Extraits pour servir à l’hist. des croisades au XVe siècle._ Paris, 1899-1902. 3 vols. 8vo. I. Comptes de la colonie de Péra. Documents pol. des Arch, de Venise et Gênes jusqu’à 1436. II. Archives de Vienne, du Vatican, de Naples, Florence et Raguse jusqu’à 1453. (Mostly Ragusa.) III. Venise et Gênes de 1436 a 1453. Traités, ... projets et exhortations,--opuscules jusqu’à 1453.

2. _Philippe de Mézières et la croisade au XVIe siècle._ Fascic. 110, 2e série, _Bibl. de l’École des Chartes_, vol. xviii. Paris, 1896, 8vo.

3. _Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches nach den Quellen dargestellt._ Gotha, 1908-13. 5 vols. 8vo. In Allgemeine Staatengeschichte, I, 37 _Werke_. (Vol. i up to 1451.)

JOSEPH BEN JOSHUA, Rabbi (Sephardic). Chronicles (in Hebrew). Venice, 1554; Amsterdam, 1730. English trans, by C. H. F. Biallobotzky. London, 1835-6. 2 vols. 8vo.

JOUANNIN, J. M. _La Turquie._ In collaboration with Jules Van Gaver. Paris, 1840, 8vo. (Coll. _Univers pittoresque_.)

JOURDAIN, A. L. M. French trans. of Mirkhond.

JOVIUS, PAULUS. _See_ Giovio, Paolo.

KÁLLAY, BENJAMIN VON. _Geschichte der Serben von den ältesten Zeiten bis 1815._ Trans. into German by J. H. Schwicker. Buda-Pest, Vienna, and Leipzig, 1878-9. 2 vols. 8vo. (Einleitung ‘bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrh.’, i. 1-173.)

KAMPOUROGLOU, D. G. Ιστορια τῶν Άθηναίων· Τουρκοκρατία. Vol. i. Athens, 1899.

KANITZ, FELIX. _Das Königreich Serbien und das Serbienvolk von der Römerzeit bis zur Gegenwart._ (Monographien der Balkanstaaten, vol. i.) Leipzig, 1904, 4to.

KARABACEK, J. _Das angebliche Bilderverbot des Islams._ Vienna, 1876.

KARAMIANZ, N. _Verzeichnis der arabischen Hss. der K. Bibl. zu Berlin._ Berlin, 1888, 4to.

KASEM BEY, MIRZA A. Trans. and ed. of Derbend Namé.

KATONA, ST. _Historia critica Regum Hungariae._ Buda-Pest and Klausenburg, 1779-1817. 42 vols. 8vo.

KEEN, MRS. A. English trans. of von Ranke’s _Serbien_.

KEENE, H. Editor and reviser of Beale’s _Oriental Biographical Dictionary_.

KERN, TH. VON. Editor of Anon. _Chronik aus Kaiser Sigmunds Zeit_.

KERSCH. Latin trans., in collab. with Bruns, of Abulfaradj.

KERVYN DE LETTENHOVE. Editor of most complete edition of Froissart.

KHALFIN, IBRAHIM. Turkish trans. of anon. memoirs of Timur.

KHEIRULLAH. Hist. of Ottoman Emp. from foundation to Ahmed I (in Turkish). Constantinople, 1854. 2 vols. 8vo.

KHONDEMIR. _Habib Essher._ History of the Mongols, in Persian. French trans. by Grigorieff. Petrograd, 1834, 8vo. Also partly trans. by Ch. Défréméry in _Journal asiatique_, Paris, 1852, no. 2.

KISS, K. _A’ Nikapolyi ülkoset._ Thesis of Magyar Academy. Buda, 1855, 8vo.

KLEIN, ERNEST. German trans. of Fessler.

KNAUS, F. Chronological Tables for Fejér.

KNOELLE, S. W. ‘On Tartar and Turk.’ In _Journal of Royal Asiatic Society_, New Series, xiv. 125-59. London, 1882, 8vo.

KNOLLES, RICHARD. _The general Historie of the Turkes to the rising of the othoman family, with all the expeditions of the Christian princes against them. Together with the lives and conquests of the othoman kings and emperors._ 5th ed., with continuation from 1621 to 1638. 30 portraits. London, 1638. 2 vols. fol.

KOEHLER, G. _Die Schlachten von Nikopoli und Warna._ Breslau, 1882, 8vo. With 2 plans.

KOLLAR, A. F. Latin trans. of Seadeddin.

KONSTANTYNOWICZ, MICHAIL. _Panietniki Janczari_ (Memoirs of a Janissary). Warsaw, 1828.

Trans. into French by Théodore d’Okszu. But I could find no copy of this trans. in the Bibl. Nat., Paris.

KOUTBADDINMAKKY. History of the conquests of the Osmanlis (in Arabic verse). Turkish trans. by Mevlana Mustafa ibn Mohammed Khosreu-zadé.

Detailed description in Hadji Khalfa, no. 1795, fol. 324-5.

KRAUSS, J. G. Editor and continuator of Dlugosz.

KRUMBACHER, KARL. _Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur (527-1453)._ 2nd ed. Munich, 1897, 4to. (9th vol. of _Handbuch der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft_.)

KUHNEL, ERNST. ‘Zur Geschichte der byzantinischen und türkischen Kunst.’ In Baedeker’s _Konstantinopel und Kleinasien_, 2. Aufl., 1914, pp. xliii-lxiv.

KÚNOS, IGNACE. ‘Chansons populaires turques.’ With Turkish text in Latin characters. _Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenl. Gesellschaft_ (1899), liii. 233-55.

KUNSTMANN. _Studien über Marino Sanudo den Älteren._ Munich, 1855, 4to.

KUPELWIESER, L. _Die Kämpfe Ungarns mit den Osmanen bis zur Schlacht bei Mohacz._ Vienna, 1895, 8vo.

LACABANE, LÉON. _See_, on ‘Chroniques de S. Denis,’ in _Bibl. de l’École des Chartes_ (1840-1), ii. 62.

LA CROIX. _See_ Petits de la Croix.

LA GARDE DE DIEU, L. DE. _Histoire de l’Islamisme et de l’Empire ottoman._ Brussels, 1892, 8vo.

The author of this book took no trouble whatever to get at the facts of Ottoman history. It is more full of errors than a modern work has any reason to be.

LAMARTINE, A. DE. _Histoire de la Turquie._ Paris, 1855. 8 vols. 8vo.

LAMPROS, SPIRIDON P. 1. _Catalogue illustré de la collection de portraits des Empereurs de Byzance._ Athens, 1911, 8vo.

2. Greek trans. of Gregorovius’ _Geschichte der Stadt Athen im Mittelalter_.

3. _Catalogue of the Greek MSS. on Mt. Athos._ Cambridge, 1895, 1900. 2 vols. 4to.

4. Greek trans. of Curtius’ _Griechische Geschichte_.

LANE-POOLE, STANLEY. 1. _Catalogue of Oriental Coins in the British Museum_, vol. viii. _The Coins of the Turks._ London, 1883, 8vo.

2. _The Mohammedan Dynasties._ London, 1894, 8vo.

This book contains an amplification of a paper on the successors of the Seljuks in Asia Minor, which appeared in vol. xiv, New Series, of the _Journal of the Royal Asiatic Soc._, pp. 773-80. London, 1882, 8vo.

3. _Catalogue of the Bodleian Library Mohammedan Coins._ Oxford, 1888, 4to.

4. _Turkey._ In the ‘Stories of Nations’ series. London, 1888, 8 vo.

LANGLÈS, L. 1. French trans. of the anon. memoirs of Timur.

2. Listing and translation of titles in the Collection of State Papers of Feridun, which see.

LANZ, K. FR. W. German trans. of Muntaner’s _Cronica_.

LARDITO, J. B. _Historia del estado presente del imperio otomano, con un compendio de los progresos de la Liga Sagrada contra los Turcos._ Salamanca, 1690, 4to.

LA ROQUE. French trans. of Hadji Khalfa’s _Maritime Wars_, in MS. in Leyden Library.

LAVALLÉE, THÉOPHILE. _Histoire de la Turquie._ Paris, 1859. 2 vols. 8 vo.

LAVOIX, HENRI. 1. _Cat. des Monnaies musulmanes de la Bibl. Nat._ (Vol. iii finished by M. P. Casanova.) Paris, 1887-92. 3 vols. 4to.

2. ‘Les Arts musulmans.’ In the _Gazette des Beaux-Arts_, Paris, 1875.

LE BAS, PH. _Asie Mineure depuis les temps les plus anciens jusqu’à la bataille d’Ancyre, 1402._ Paris, 1863, 8vo.

This is the first part of Texier’s work in the series _L’Univers pittoresque_.

LEBEAU, CHAS. _See_ Ameilhon, H. P.

LEBEUF, Abbé. Collab. with P. Paris in a paper on Philippe de Mézières.

LEFÈVRE-PONTALIS. Introduction and commentary to the French trans. of Morosini.

LEMAÎTRE, HENRI, ed. Gilles le Muisit. Paris, 1905, 8vo.

LE QUIEN, MICHEL. _Oriens Christianus._ Paris, 1740. 3 vols. fol.

LE ROULX. _See_ Delaville Leroulx.

LEUNCLAVIUS, JOHANNES (Johann Lewenklau). 1. _Annales Sultanorum othmanidorum a Turcis sua lingua scripti Hieronymi Beck a Leopoldstorf Marci fil. studio et diligentia C/poli advecti 1551._ Divo Ferd. Caes. opt. max. D. D. jussuque Caes. a Joanne Gaudier dicto Spiegel, interprete turcico, germanice translati. Joan. Leunclavius ... latine redditos illustravit et auxit usque ad annum 1588. Cum omnium memorabilium toto opere contentorum accuratissime elaborati.... Frankfort, 1596, fol.

A translation of Ali, and not of Seadeddin, as has been erroneously believed.

2. _Pandectes historiae turcicae_, &c. Notes in same volume with 1.

1 and 2 are reprinted in vol. clix of Migne’s _Patrologia Graeca_, Paris, 1866, pp. 572-922.

3. _Historiae Musulmanae Turcorum de monumentis ipsorum exscriptae libri XVIII._ Frankfort, 1591, fol.

Von Hammer, in his monumental work, is far more indebted to Leunclavius than to any other previous writer for the earlier part of his history.

LEURIDAN, E. _Les châtelains de Lille._ Paris, 1873.

LEVEC, FR. _Die Einfälle der Türken in Krain und Istrien._ Laybach, 1891, 8vo.

LILIENCRON, R. VON. _Die historischen Volkslieder der Deutschen vom 13. bis 16. Jahrh._ Leipzig, 1865-6. 2 vols., la. 8vo.

For songs on Nicopolis defeat.

LJUBIĆ, SIME. _Monumenta spectantia ad hist. Slavorum meridionalium._ Agram, 8vo. Vol. iv (1358-1403), 1874. Vol. v (1403-11), 1875. Vol. v contains a supplement of documents from 1301-97.

LOEB, ISIDORE. _Tables du calendrier juif depuis l’ère chrét. jusqu’au XXXe siècle._ Paris, 1886, 4to.

LONGNON, JEAN. Editor of anon. _Chronique de Morée_.

LONICERUS, PHILIPPUS. _Chronicorum Turcicorum, in quibus Turcoman origo, principes, imperatores, bella, praelia, caedes, victoriae, reique militaris ratio ... exponuntur...._ Frankfort, 1578, fol. Ibid., 1584. 2 vols. 8vo.

Contains reprint of Giorgievitz, Aventinus, _et al._

LOT, H. 1. ‘Projets de croisade sous Ch. le Bel et sous Philippe de Valois.’ _Bibl. de l’École des Chartes_, 4e série (1859), v. 503-9.

2. ‘Essai d’intervention de Ch. le Bel en faveur des Chrétiens d’Orient.’ Ibid. (1875), xxxvi. 588-600.

LUCE, SIMÉON. Editor of Froissart, and of _Chronique des quatre premiers Valois_.

LÜDEMANN, W. VON. _Geschichte Griechenlands und der Türkei._ Dresden, 1827. 4 vols. 12mo.

MACAIRAS, LÉONCE. Cyprus Chronicle, Greek text with French trans., by E. Miller and C. Sathas. Paris, 1881-2. 2 vols., la. 8vo. The text alone is published in Sathas, _Bibl. graeca medii aevi_, vol. ii. Venice, 1873. (From 1193 to 1458.)

MACARIUS, Patriarch of Antioch. Travels of. Trans. from Arabic into English by F. C. Belfour. London, 1829-36. 2 vols. 4to.

MACRIDES, GEORGES. French trans. of Col. Djevad bey.

MAÉLATH, Count J. _Geschichte der Magyaren._ Regensburg, 1852-3. 5 vols. 8vo.

MAKRISI, ABU MOHAMMED. 1. _Hist. des Sultans mameluks._ French trans., accompanied by historical and geographical notes, by E. Blochet. (From the papers which appeared in _Revue de l’Orient latin_, vols. vi-xi.) Paris, 1908, 8vo.

2. Treatise on Mohammedan coins, composed between 1415 and 1420. Latin trans., with Arabic text, by O. G. Tychsen. Rostock, 1797. French trans. by A. I. Silvestre de Sacy, Paris, 1797, 12mo.

MAKUSEV, W. 1. _Italjanskie archiwy i chranjaschtschiessja w nich materialy alja slavanskoi istorii._ (Italian archives and chronicles, and the materials in them for Slavic history.) Moscow, 1870-72, 4 vols. 8vo. (Vols. xvi-xix of _Sapiski imperat. akad. nauk._)

2. Also contributed to _Monumenta hist. Slav. merid._

MANAVINO. Italian trans. of Lonicerus.

MANDEVILLE, SIR JOHN. _Voiage and travel, which treateth of the way to Hierusalem_, &c., 1322-56. In Wright, J., _Early Travels in Palestine_, pp. 127-282. For French version, _see_ Bergeron.

MANGER, SAMUEL HENRY. Latin trans. of Arabshah.

MANUTIO, ANTONIO (?). _Viaggi fatti da Venezia alla Tana ... et in C/poli; con la descrittione ... di Città, Luoghi, etc. Contains, fol. 120-58, Libri tre delle cose de’ Turchi._ Venice, 1543, 12mo.

MARCHE, OLIVIER DE LA. _Mémoires._ Ed. by Beaune and d’Arbaumont. Vol. i. Paris, 1883, 8vo.

MARCO POLO. _Le Livre de Marco Polo, citoyen de Venise ... rédigé en français sous sa dictée en 1298._ Edited, with notes, by M. G. Pauthier. Paris, 1865. 2 vols., la. 8vo. Trans, into English and edited by H. Yale. London, 1875. 2 vols. 8vo. Wm. Marsden’s earlier English trans. has recently been republished in Everyman’s Library.

MARKHAM, CLEMENTS R. English trans. of Clavijo.

MARSDEN, WILLIAM. English trans. of Marco Polo.

MAS LATRIE, Comte RENÉ DE. 1. _Histoire de Chypre sous les Lusignans._ Paris, 1852-61. 3 vols. 8vo.

2. Editor of Florio Bustron’s _Cronica_, 1191-1489. (In Italian.) In _Mélanges historiques_, v. 1-532. Paris, 1886, la. 8vo.

3. _Le Trésor de chronologie, d’histoire et de géographie pour l’étude et l’emploi des documents du moyen âge._ Paris, 1889, la. fol.

4. Various papers on the commercial relations between Cyprus and Asia Minor in the 14th cent., in the _Bibl. de l’École des Chartes_.

I desire to acknowledge my indebtedness to 3 and 4 of Comte de Mas Latrie in my study of the emirates of Asia Minor.

5. ‘Liste des princes et seigneurs de divers pays, dressées pour l’expédition des lettres de la chancellerie du doge de Venise au XIVe siècle,’ in _Bibl. de l’École des Chartes_, vol. 26, pp. 43 fol.

MAURER, CASPAR. _Ungarische Chronica oder Beschreibung von allen ungarischen christlichen Königen, wie auch Kriegs-Empörungen, Schlachten, etc.... mit den Türcken (1390-1661)...._ Nürnberg, 1664, 12mo.

MENAVINO, GIOVANNI ANT. _I cinque libri delle leggi, religione e vita dei Turchi e della corte e d’alcune guerre del gran Turco._ Florence, 1518 and 1551. Venice, 1548. Also in Sansovino, i. 107-36. German trans. by Heinrich Müller. Frankfort, 1563, fol.

Menavino was brought up as a slave-page in the serail of Bayezid II.

MESSERSCHMID, D. G. German trans. of Abul-Ghazi.

MEXIA, PEDRO. _Petri Messiae von Sibilia vilualtige beschreibung, Christenlicher und Heidnischer Keyseren, Kunigen, weltweiser Manneren gedachtnuszwirdige Historien, löbliche geschicht...._ Basel, 1564, fol. German trans., by Lucas Zollikofer, of Mexia’s _Historia imperial_. Mexia’s account of Timur is reprinted in Seville ed. of Clavijo.

MÉZIÈRES, PHILIPPE DE. _Epistre lamentable et consolatoire sur le_ _fait de la desconfiture_ (Nicopolis). In Kervyn de Lettenhove’s ed. of Froissart, xvi. 444-523.

See Appendix BB in Wylie’s _History of Henry IV_, iv. 323-6; also _Bibl. de l’École des Chartes_ for 1873, and _Académie des Inscriptions_, xvi. 491 and xvii. 219; and under A. Molinier and P. Paris below. Title of citizen of Venice given June 22, 1365, recorded in _Commemoriali_, vol. vii, fol. 47 vº.

MICHELANT, HENRI (in collab. with Gaston Raynaud). _Itinéraires à Jérusalem, et descriptions de la Terre Sainte, rédigés en français aux XIe, XIIe et XIIIe siècles._ Geneva, 1882, 8vo. (_Archives de l’Orient latin_, série géogr., vol. iii.)

MIGEON, GASTON. Manuel de l’Art musulman: II. _Les Arts plastiques et industriels._ Paris, 1907, 8vo.

MIGNE, J.-P. _Patrologiae Graecae cursus completus._ Contains the Byzantine historians, Ali Muhieddin and Leunclavius.

MIGNOT, ABBÉ. _Histoire de l’Empire ottoman depuis ses origines jusqu’à la paix de Belgrade en 1740._ Paris, 1771. 3 vols. 12mo.

MIJATOVITCH, ELODIE LAWTON. _Kossova: an attempt to bring Servian national songs at the battle of Kossova into one poem._ London, 1881, 12mo.

This is a translation, following Pavitch in general lines.

MIKLOSITCH, FRANZ. 1. _Monumenta Serbica._ Vienna, 1858.

2. In collab. with Müller. _Acta et diplomata Graeca res Graecas Italicasque illustrantia._ Vienna, 1865-70. 4 vols.

3. In collab. with Müller. _Acta patriarchatus Constantinopolitani, 1315-1402._ Vienna, 1860-62. 2 vols. 8vo. (Also republished as volume ii of No. 2 above.)

4. _Bildung der slavischen Personen: Bildung der Ortsnamen aus Personennamen._ Vienna, 1858, 4to.

MILES, COLONEL. English trans. of Abul Ghazi.

MILLER, E. Edited and trans., in collab. with Sathas, the chronicle of Macairas.

MILLER, WILLIAM. 1. _The Balkans: Rumania, Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro._ (In ‘Story of Nations’ series.) London, 1896, 8vo.

2. _The Latins in the Levant: a History of Frankish Greece (1204-1566)._ London, 1908, 8vo.

MINOTTO, A. S. _Acta et diplomata ex tabulario Veneto usque ad medium seculum XV. summatim regesta._ Venice, 1870-74. 3 vols. 8vo.

MIRKHOND or MIRKHWAND. 1. Life of Djenghiz Khan. Persian text edited by Am. Jaubert. Paris, 1841, 4to. Three separate trans. into French by Galland are in the Bibl. Nat., Paris, in MS. fonds fr., 6080-83.

2. The History of the Ismaelians of Persia has been trans. into French by Jourdain.

3. A Latin trans. of the History of the Seljucides was published at Giessen, 1837.

4. The Persian text of the Hist. of the Sultans of the Kharesm was edited by Défréméry, Paris, 1842, 8vo.

MITCHELL, JAMES. English trans. of first part of Hadji Khalfa’s _Maritime Wars_.

MOHAMMED FERID bey. _Tarikh eddaulet il-Osmaniyeh._ Hist. of Ott. Emp. (in Arabic). 2nd ed., Cairo, 1896, 8vo.

MOHAMMED-EN-NESAWI. _Histoire du Sultan Djelaleddin, prince du Kharezm._ Texte arabe publié et traduit par O. Houdas. Paris, 1891-5. 2 vols. la. 8vo.

MOLINIER, A. _MSS. de P. de Mézières_, in _Archives de l’Orient latin_, i. 335-64 (Paris, 1883), or, separately, Genoa, 1881, 8vo.

MONCADA, JUAN DE. _Expedicion de los Catalanes y Aragones contra Turcos y Griegos._ Madrid, 1885, la. 8vo. Barcelona, 1842, la. 8vo. Also in _Tesoro de autores illustres_, vol. iii, and _Biblioteca de Autores Españoles_, vol. xxi.

MONIFERRATOS, ANTONIOS. Διπλοματικαὶ Ένέργειαι Μανουὴλ βʹ Παλαιολόγου ἐν Έὐρώπῃ καὶ Άρίᾳ.] Athens, 1913, 8vo.

MONSTRELET. _See_ Enguerran de Monstrelet.

MONTALBANUS, JOHANNES BAPTISTA. _De Turcarum moribus commentarius._ Leyden, 1643, 32mo. Ibid., 1654, 16mo. This work was first published more than a century earlier in the _De origine_, &c., of Cuspianus.

MORANVILLÉ, HENRI. ‘Mémoires sur Tamerlan et sa Cour.’ _Bibl. de l’École des Chartes_, lv. 433-64. Paris, 1894.

Reprint, in full, of the memoir of the Dominican Friar who brought letter of Timur to Charles VI, after MSS. in Bibl. Nat., fonds fr. 5624 and 12201. Text of this letter is reprinted and commented upon by A. I. Silvestre de Sacy in _Acad. des Inscriptions_ (1822), vi. 470-522. Together with Clavijo and Schiltberger, the Dominican Friar gives contemporary evidence of highest value for the battle of Angora.

MORDTMANN, J. H. 1. ‘Beiträge zur osmanischen Epigraphik. I: Inschrift von Mihalitsch.’ _ZDMG._ (1911), lxv. 101-6.

2. Collab. with P.-A. Déthier in _Epigraphie von Byzanz und Konstantinopel_.

MOREL-FATIO, A. _Chronique de Morée aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles._ Text, with French trans. Paris, 1911, 8vo.

MORIS, M. French trans. of Diez’s German rendering of Sidi Ali.

MOSTRAS, C. _Dictionnaire géographique de l’Empire ottoman._ St. Petersburg, 1873, la. 8vo.

MOUKHLIS ABDERRAHMAN. _Enis out Moussamirin._ Schéfer MS., quoted by him in Bertrandon de la Broquière, p. 170, n. 3, for the first Ottoman operations around Adrianople.

MULLACH, A. _Conjecturen._ Berlin, 1852. (Corrects narrative of Ducas.)

MULLER, G. _Documenti sulle relazioni delle città toscane coll’ Oriente cristiano e coi Turchi fino all’ anno 1531._ Florence, 1879, 4to.

MÜLLER, JOSEPH. 1. ‘Byzantinische Analekten,’ pp. 336-419, in vol. ix of the _Sitzungsberichte der k.-k. Akademie der Wissenschaften_, hist.-phil. Kl., Vienna, 1852, la. 8vo.

2. ‘Über einige byzantinische Urkunden von 1324-1405.’ In vol. vii of _Sitzungsberichte_, &c.

3. In collab. with Miklositch, _Acta et dipl. Graeca_, &c.

4. In collab. with Miklositch, _Acta patriarchatus C/politani_.

MUNTANER, RAMON. _Cronica o descripcio dels fets é hazanayes del inclyt rey Don Jaime_, etc. Trans. from Catalan into French by Buchon. Paris, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo. German trans. in _Bibl. des lit. Vereins_, vol. viii. Stuttgart, 1844, 8vo. German trans. by K. Fr. W. Lanz, Leipzig, 1842. 2 vols. la. 8vo. _See also_ FRENZEL.

MURALT, ÉDOUARD DE. _Essai de Chronographie byzantine (1057-1453)._ Basel and Geneva, 1871-3. 2 vols. 8vo.

There is a wealth of erudition and research in this work. The bibliography, however, is very unsatisfactory, and one is frequently puzzled in verifying important references. Muralt confuses Arabshah with Sherefeddin, puts Ibn Batutah at 1320, and Shehabeddin at 1331.

MURATORI, LUDOVICO ANTONIO, editor. _Rerum Italicarum Scriptoree._ Milan, 1732-51. 28 vols., la. fol. (For Florentine writers _see_ Tartini.)

A new edition of Muratori, including Tartini, has just been completed by a body of Italian scholars, working at Rome under the direction of Vittorio Fiorini.

MUSTAFA IBN MOHAMMED KHOSREU-ZADE (Mevlana). Turkish trans. of Koutbaddinmakky.

NANGIS, GUILLAUME DE. _Chronique latine de 1113 d 1300._ Paris, 1843, 8vo.

NAUMANN, EDMUND. _Vom goldenen Horn zu den Quellen des Euphrat._ Munich and Leipzig, 1893, 8vo.

NAZMI ZADÉ. Turkish trans. of Arabshah.

NEDIM. _Munedjem-Bachi._ Ottoman Hist, up to Mohammed IV. In 3 vols.

NEMETH, JULIUS. ‘Die türkisch-mongolische Hypothese.’ In _Zeitschrift d. deutschen morgenl. Ges._ (1912), lxvi. 549-76.

Against the hypothesis.

NESHRI. The Vienna Codex, Hist. Osm. 15, is partly trans. by Th. Nöldeke in _ZDMG._, vols. xiii and xv (1859 and 1861). xiii. 176-218 contains the beginnings of the Ottoman family and its history up to death of Osman, xv. 333-80 contains Bayezid I. József Thúry, in _Török Magyarkori Történelmi Emlékek_, series 3, vols. i and ii, has translated most of Neshri. Budapest, 1893.

NICEPHOROS GREGORAS. _See under_ Byzantine Historians.

NICHANDJI pasha, MEHMET (the Little). Brief Hist. of Ott. Emp. up to 1560. In MS. Col. I. L. O., Petrograd.

NICOLAY, NICOLAS DE. _Les quatre Livres des navigations et pérégrinations orientales._ Lyon, 1567, fol. German trans., Nürnberg, 1572; Italian, Antwerp, 1576; ibid., Venice, 1580; English, by Dawson, London, 1585; Dutch, c. 1590.

NIEBUHR, B. G. Editor of _Corpus Script. Hist. Byzantinae_.

NIKIOU, JEAN DE. _Chronique_, trad. française du texte éthiopien, par H. Zotenberg. _Notices et Extraits_, vol. xxiv, 1re partie, pp. 343-587.

NOIRET, HIPPOLYTE. _Documents inédits pour servir à l’hist. de la domination vénétienne en Crète de 1380 à 1485, tirés des Arch. vén._ Paris, 1892, 8vo.

NÖLDEKE, TH. German trans. of portions of Neshri.

NORADOUNGHIAN, GABRIEL. _Recueil d’actes internationaux de la Sublime Porte avec les Puissances étrangères._ Tome i, 1300-1789. Paris, 1879, 8vo.

In Turkey there are no Archives d’état before the 17th cent. From 1307 to 1534 in this volume the editor merely refers to other books. His compilation is of no value until 1535 for furnishing source material for Ottoman History.

NORBERG, MATTHIAS. Latin trans. of Hadji Khalfa’s _Djihannuma_.

NOVAKOVITCH, STOJAN. _Kosova, Srbske narodne pjesmé o boju na Kosova._ Belgrade, 1871, 8vo; also Agram, 1872, and Belgrade, 1876.

Attempt to bring fragments of folksong into one narrative of battle of Kossova.

OESTERLY, HERMANN. _Wegweiser durch die Literatur der Urkundensammlungen._ Berlin, 1882. 2 vols. la. 8vo.

OHSSON, IGNACE MOURADJA D’. 1. _Tableau général de l’Empire ottoman._ Paris, 1788-1824. 7 vols. 8vo.

This work, interrupted by the Revolution and the author’s death, was completed, after d’Ohsson’s notes, by his son Charles. Vols. v-vii appeared in 1824.

2. _Histoire des Mongols depuis Ghengiz Khan jusqu’à Timour Bey._ Amsterdam, 1852. 4 vols. 8vo.

OKSZA, THÉODORE D’. Editor and French trans. of Konstantynowicz.

OLIVIERI, A. _Carte e chronache manoscritte per la storia genovese esistenti nella bibl. della R. Università ligure._ Genoa, 1855, 8vo.

OMONT, HENRI. _Documents sur l’imprimerie à Constantinople au XVIIIe siècle._ In the _Revue des Bibliothèques_, Paris, July-September, 1895.

ORBINI, DOM MAURO. _Il Regno degli Slavi, hoggi corrottamente detti Schiavoni._ Pesaro, 1601, fol.

ORTELLIUS, ABRAHAMUS. 1. _Synonymia Geographica...._ Antwerp, 1578, 4to.

2. _Theatrum orbis terrarum._ Antwerp, 1579, la. fol.

3. _Thesaurus geographicus ... nomina_, &c. Antwerp, 1587, fol.

PACHYMERES. _See under_ Byzantine Historians, p. 367.

PAGANO, C. _Delle imprese e del dominio dei Genovesi nella Grecia._ Genoa, 1846, 8vo.

PALAEOLOGOS, MANUEL. _Dialogi XXVI cum Persa quodam de Christianae religionis veritate._ Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds grec, no. 1253.

C. B. Hase, in _Notices et Extraits_, vol. viii, 2e partie, pp. 309-82, gives interesting critical account of this MS., with Greek text and Latin trans. of first two dialogues. The dialogues were with a Moslem Hodja, probably in 1390, when Man. Pal. was serving in the Ottoman army at Angora.

Most valuable description of Bayezid’s court and eloquent testimony to the humiliation of the Byzantine imperial family.

For other works of M. Palaeologos, see Migne, _Patrologia Graeca_, clvi. 82-580.

PANARETOS, MICHAIL. Περὶ τῶν τῆς Τραπεζοῦντος βασιλέων τῶν Μεγάλων Κομνηνῶν. Chronological account of Trebizond (1204-1386), with a continuation to 1424.

Edited by J. F. Tafel, in the _Opuscula_ of Eusthasius of Thessalonika, pp. 362-70, Frankfort, 1832, 4to. Also by Fallmerayer, in Abhandlung der k. Bayerischen Akad. der Wissenschaften, Munich, 1844, 8vo.

PAPARREGOPOULOS, K. Ιστορία τοῦ Έλληνικοῦ ἔθνους ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρχαιοτάτων χρόνων μέχρι τῶν νεωτέρων. Athens, 1865-74. 5 vols. 8vo. 4th edition, revised by P. Karolides, Athens, 1903.

PARIS, P. (In collab. with Abbé Lebeuf.) ‘La Vie et les Voyages de Philippe de Mézières.’ _Mém. de l’Académie des Inscriptions_, nouv. série, vol. xv, 1re partie, pp. 359-98.

PARISOT, VAL. _Cantacuzène, homme d’état et historien, ou examen critique comparatif des ‘Mémoires’ de J. C. et des sources contemporaines._ Paris, 1845, 8vo.

PARVILLÉE. _Architecture et décoration turques au XVe siècle._ With preface by Viollet-le-Duc. Paris, 1874, la. fol.

It was Parvillée who, under Ahmed Vewfik pasha, restored the monuments of Brusa.

PAUTHIER, M. G. Editor of Marco Polo.

PAVITCH, A. _Narodne Pjesme o boju na Kosova, 1389._ In Mem. of the Acad. of Sciences and Arts of Agram. Agram, 1877, 8vo.

A critical essay on the national songs of the Servians, followed by a narrative in verse, combining the songs which deal with Kossova.

PERONDINO, PIETRO (Pratense). _Magni Tamerlanis Scytharum imperatoris vita._ Florence, 1553, fol.; Basel, 1556, fol.

PERTSCH, WILHELM. _Verzeichniss der türkischen Hss. der k. Bibl. zu Berlin._ Berlin, 1899.

PETITS DE LA CROIX. 1. _Abrégé de l’hist. ottomane._ Paris, 1768. 2 vols. 12mo.

2. French trans. of Hussein Hezarfenn.

3. French trans. in MS. of Hadji Khalfa’s lexicon under title _Dictionnaire bibliographique_. In the Bibl. Nat., Paris.

4. French trans. of Sherefeddin’s hist. of Timur.

PETRARCA, FRANCESCO. _Epistolae de rebus familiaribus et variae...._ Stud. et cura J. Fracassetti. Florence, 1859-63. 3 vols. 8vo. Italian trans. of _Senilium_ by the same author. Florence, 1869-70. 2 vols. 12mo.

PFEIFFER, DAVID. _Imperatores Turcici, Libellus de Vita, Progressu et rebus gestis principum...._ Basel, before 1550, 12mo. Reprinted under title _Imperatores Ottomannici_, Basel and Wittenberg, 1587, 8vo.

Eulogy of Ottoman sultans in verse.

PHRANTZES, GEORGE. _See under_ Byz. Historians.

PICOT, ÉMILE. 1. Editor and French trans. of Urechi’s Rumanian chronicle.

2. _Généalogie de la famille Brankovitch_, in _Columna lui Traianu_, new series, 4th year, Jan.-Feb. 1883, pp. 64 f. Bucharest, 8vo.

PIGEONNEAU, HENRI. _Histoire du commerce de la France._ Vol. i. Paris, 1885, 8vo.

PINDER, M. Collab. with Friedländer in numismatic work.

POCOCK, EDWARD. Editor and English translator of Abulfaradji.

PODESTA, JO. BAPTISTA. 1. Trans. from the Turkish _De gestis Tamerlanis_.

2. _Translatae Turcicae Chronicae._ Pars prima, continens originem Ottomanicae stirpis, undecimque eiusdem stirpis Imperatorum gesta, iuxta traditionem Turcarum. Omnia a praenominato authore ex originali Turcico in Latinam, Italicam et Germanicam linguam translata. Nürnberg, 1672, fol. But only into Latin.

A trans. from diff. MSS. of Ali. But Bratutti’s trans. of Scadeddin has been used for interpolations and corrections or additions.

POGODIN, P. _Übersicht der Quellen zur Geschichte der Belagerung von Byzanz durch die Türken._ Journal of the Ministry of Public Instruction, St. Petersburg, August 1889.

POLO, MARCO. _See_ Marco Polo.

PÓR, A. (in collab. with G. Schönherr.) Volume covering period 1301-1429 in Szilagyi’s _A Magyar Nemzet Története_. (History of the Hungarian Nation.) Budapest, 1895, la. 8vo.

POSSINUS, PETRUS, S. J. Notes to Pachymeres.

POSTANSQUE, A. _De libro secretorum fidelium crucis._ (For Marino Sanudo.) Montpellier, 1854, 8vo.

POSTELLUS, GUILLAUME. 1. _De la Republique des Turcz ... exposant la manière de lever et nourir ceulx dont on en guerre se serft, avec son origine, estatz, Revenu et Domeyne, en brief._ Dédié à François Premier. Bibl. Nat., Paris, MS. fonds fr., no. 6073. (Written c. 1520.) Published: Poitiers, 1560, 8vo.

2. _De originibus Gentium Orientalium, maxime Turcarum._ Basel, 1540, 8vo.

This Latin text differs from 1, so I have listed it as a separate work.

POTTHAST, A. _Bibliotheca Historica Medii Aevi._ Berlin, 1896. 2 vols. 4to.

Vol. ii. 1047-1735 contains a very suggestive (but not thorough) _Quellenkunde für die Geschichte der europäischen Staaten während des Mittelalters_.

POTVIN, CHARLES. Editor of Ghillebert de Lannoy.

PRAY, GEORGE. 1. _Annales regum Hungariae, ab an. 997 ad an. 1564 deducti._ Vienna, 1754-74. 5 vols. 8vo. (Vol. ii, 1301-1457.)

2. _Commentarii historici de Bosniae, Serviae ac Bulgariae, tum Valachiae, Moldaviae ac Bessarabiae, cum regno Hungariae nexu._ Edited, with documents, by G. Fejér. Buda, 1837, 8vo.

PREDELLI, RICCARDO. 1. (In collaboration with Thomas.) _Diplomatarium Veneto-Levantinum, sive acta et diplomata res Venetas, Graecas atque Levantinas illustrantia a 1300 ad 1454._ Venice, 1880, 1899. 2 vols. 4to.

2. Editor of _I libri commemoriali della republica di Venezia regesti._ Vols. 1-3 (1081-1375), in _Monumenti storici della deput. Veneta_, series I, Venice, 1876, 8vo.

PUČIČ, MEDO. _Spomenitzi Srbski od 1395 do 1423._ Belgrade, 1859.

* * * * *

QUATREMÈRE, ÉTIENNE. French trans. of Shehabeddin, Makrisi, and Reshideddin (unfinished). Editor of the Prolegomena of Ibn Khaldun.

* * * * *

RAČKI, FRANCIS. _Documenta historiae Croatiae periodum antiquam illustrantia._ Agram, 1877.

RAIČ. _Hist. variorum Slavorum, imprimis Bulgarorum, Chrobatorum et Serborum._ Buda, 1823.

RAIMBOULT, MAURICE. ‘Les dessous d’un traité d’alliance en 1350.’ _Bulletin historique et philologique_, Paris, 1902.

Notice on two documents: 1. Latin text of project of treaty between Pope, Cyprus, Venice, and Rhodes, of which Mas Latrie, _Hist. de Chypre_, ii. 217, published the text after _Commemoriali_, vols. iv and v. 2. Unpublished Provençal text of letter which set forth in detail difficulties of getting this treaty signed, from MS. in Arch. des Bouches-du-Rhône, Fonds de Malte, liasse 86.

RAMBAUD, ALFRED. ‘L’Europe du Sud-Est: Fin de l’Empire grec.--Fondation de l’Empire ottoman (1282-1481).’ In Lavisse et Rambaud, _Histoire générale_, iii. 789-868. Paris, 1894, la. 8vo.

RAMSAY, SIR W. M. _Historical Geography of Asia Minor_, with 5 maps. London, 1890, la. 8vo.

RAMUS, JOHANNES (GOESANUS). _De Rebus Turcicis libri tres._ Louvain, 1553, 12mo. The first book of the three is by Secundinus.

RANKE, LEOPOLD VON. _History of Servia and the Servian Revolution._ Trans. by Mrs. A. Keen. London, 1858, 16mo.

First chapter contains an illuminating résumé of relations between Byzantium and Serbia in middle of 14th cent.

RASMUSSEN, JANUS LASSEN. _Annales islamismi, sive tabulae synchronistochronologicae Chaliforum et regum orientis et occidentis._ Copenhagen, 1825, sm. 4to. Contains, pp. 61-134, trans. of Ahmed ben Yussuf, _Historia Turcarum, Karamanorum, Selgiukudarum, Asiae Minoris_, &c.

RAYNALDUS, ODERICUS. _Annales ecclesiastici ... Baronii ... ab anno 1198._ Tomes xiii-xxi. Rome, 1646-77. 9 vols. fol. Lucca, 1746-56. 15 vols. fol.

There have been so many editions, abridgements, and translations of the _Annales_ that I have given my references to this work _under the year_, so that any edition might be consulted.

RAYNAUD, GASTON. Editor of Froissart, and, with Michelant, of the Jerusalem Itineraries.

RAYNAUD, FURCY. French trans. of Heyd’s _Levantehandelsgeschichte_.

REINAUD, J. T. French trans. of Abulfeda.

REINECCIUS, REINER. Editor of Helmoldus and Arnold of Lübeck.

REISKE, JO. JACOB. Latin trans. of Abulfeda and Chronological Tables of Hadji Khalfa; editor of Drechsler.

RÉMUSAT, ABEL. _Recherches sur les langues tartares._ Paris, 1820, 4to.

RENNELL, J. _Treatise of the Comparative Geography of Western Asia._ Vol. i. Asia Minor. London, 1831, 8vo.

RESHIDEDDIN, FADHL ALLAH. _Djami ut Tevarikh._ Hist. of the Mongols of Persia. Quatremère trans. into French the first part, Paris, 1836, la. fol. Erdmann trans. into German the review of the various tribes of Asia at accession of Djenghiz Khan, with account of their origin. Kasan, 1841. In his German life of Timur, pp. 172-84, Erdmann practically repeats this portion verbatim.

The earlier portion of Abul-Ghazi is practically an abridgement of Reshid.

REUSNER, NICHOLAS. _Epistolarum Turcicarum variorum et diversorum authorum libri XIV._ Frankfort, 1598-9. 4 vols. 4to.

‘in quibus Epistolae de rebus Turcicis summorum pontificum, imperatorum, regum, principum ... ad nostra tempora leguntur.’

REZ, PETER VON. Lament for defeat of Nicopolis, in Liliencron.

RICAUT, PAUL. _A History of the Present State of the Ottoman Empire containing the Political maxims of the Turks, their religion_, &c. 5th ed. London, 1682, fol. 6th ed., ibid., 1693. 2 vols. 8vo. French trans. by Briot. Amsterdam, 1678, 16mo; 1696, sm. 8vo, with 16 engravings. Italian trans. by Costi Belli. 2nd ed. Venice, 1673, 4to.

RICHER, CHRISTOPHER. _De rebus Turcarum ad Franciscum Gallorum regem Christianissimum._ Paris, 1540, 8vo. (Liber I. De origine Turcarum et Ottomanni imperio. Liber III. De Tamerlanis et Parthi rebus gestis.)

RICOLDUS. _See_ my note to Anon. _De ritu et moribus Turcarum._

RIEU, C. P. H. 1. _Catalogue of Persian MSS. in British Museum._ London, 1879-83. 3 vols.

2. Supplement to above. London, 1895.

3. _Catalogue of Turkish MSS. in the British Museum._ London, 1888.

RODD, SIR RENNELL. _The Princes of Achaia and the Chronicles of Morea: a Study of Greece in the Middle Ages._ London, 1907. 2 vols. 8vo.

Excellent map of mediaeval Greece.

ROMANIN, SAMUELE. _Storia documentata di Venezia._ Venice, 1853-61. 10 vols. 8vo.

For attempts of Venice in 14th cent. to league Christians against the Turks, vols. iii and iv.

RONCIÈRE. Editor, in collab. with Dorez, of fragments of Marino Sanudo.

ROSEN, BARON VICTOR. 1. _Notices sommaires des MSS. arabes du Musée asiatique._ Petrograd, 1881.

2. _Remarques sur les MSS. orientaux de la col. de Marsigli à Bologna._ Paris, 1884, 4to.

RYMER, THOMAS. _Foedera, conventions, literae ... acta publica inter reges Angliae et alios ... ab 1101 ... ad nostra ... tempora._ Editio tertia. Revised from original MSS. in Tower of London, by George Holmes. London, 1739-45. 12 vols., la. fol.

* * * * *

SABELLICUS, ANTONIUS. In Lonicerus, fol. 105-12.

SAFAŘÍK, IVAN. 1. _Elenchus actorum spectantium ad historiam Serborum et reliquorum Slavorum meridionalium ... quae in archivo Venetiarum reperiuntur._ Belgrade, 1858, 4to.

The notes are in Servian, but with Latin translation.

2. _Acta archivii Veneti spectantia ad historiam Serborum._ Belgrade, 1860.

SAFAŘÍK, PAUL JOSEPH. _Slovanské Starořitnosti._ Prague, 1837, 4to. Trans. under title _Slawische Alterthümer_ by Moses von Aehrenfeld, with notes by Heinrich Wuttke. Leipzig, 1843-4. 2 vols. 8vo.

SAGREDO, GIOVANNI. _Memorie istoriche de’ monarchi ottomani._ Venice, 1676, fol.; 1688, 4to.

The first of modern writers who, though acquainted with Ottoman ‘sources’, deliberately prefers to follow the Byzantine writers who were contemporary.

SAGUNDINO, NICHOLAS. _See_ Secundinus.

SAID. _Ghulcheni-Méarif._ Hist. of Ott. Emp. from foundation to 1774. In 2 vols.

SALABERRY, DE. _Hist. de l’Emp. ott. depuis sa fondation jusqu’à ... 1792._ Avec des pièces justificatives. Paris, 1813. 4 vols. 8vo.

SALADIN, H. Manuel d’Art musulman. Vol. i. _L’architecture._ Paris, 1907, 8vo.

SALCON, NICOLAS. French trans. of Hayton.

SAMBUCUS, JOANNES (of Tirnovo). _Reges Ungariae ab anno 401-1567 uersibus descripti._ In Bonfinius, fol. 891-6.

SANGINETTI, B. R. French trans., in collab. with Ch. Défréméry, of Ibn Batutah.

SANSOVINO, FRANCESCO. 1. _Gli annali turcheschi o vero vita de’principi della casa athomana._ First edition. Venice, 1568, 4to. Edition from which I quote is Venice, 1573, 4to.

2. _Historia universale dell’ origine et imperio de’ Turchi, nella quale si contengono la origine, etc., de’ Turchi._ Venice, 1654. 2 vols., la. 8vo.

A collection of various writers on the Ottoman Empire.

SANUTO, MARINO (TORSELLO). 1. Memorial to King of France urging crusade, 1321. Written in French. In Bongars, _Gesta Dei per Francos_, ii. 5.

2. Letters published by Dorez and Roncière in _Bibl. de l’Ecole des Chartes_ (1895), lvi. 34-44.

3. _Secreta fidelium crucis._ In Bongars, vol. ii. _See also_ thesis of Postansque, and study by Kunstmann. Four books, written between 1306 and 1321, urging a crusade. Book III trans. into English by Aubrey Stewart, in Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society, vol. xii, London, 1896, 8vo.

SANUTO, MARINO (THE YOUNGER). 1. _Vite de’ Duchi di Venezia._ (1421-93.) In Muratori, xxii. 399-1252.

2. _Diarii._ Ed. by Gugl. Berchet. Venice, 1877-1900. 56 vols. 4to.

I have given the younger Sanuto’s work here, because he is so often confused with the elder.

SARRE, FRIEDRICH. _Reise in Kleinasien, Sommer 1895. Forschungen zur seldjukischen Kunst und Geographie des Landes._ 76 Tafeln. Map by Kiepert. Berlin, 1896, la. 8vo.

SATHAS, C. N. 1. _Documents inédits relatifs à l’hist. de la Grèce au moyen âge (1400-1500)._ Paris, 1880-1. 2 vols. 4to. Maps of Crete, the Aegean, and Sea of Marmora in 15th cent. I. contains Canc. Secreta, 208 doc., from 1402 to 1500; II. Misti, 549 doc., from 1400 to 1412.

2. Τουρκοκρατουμένη Έλλάς. Athens, 1869.

3. Edited and trans., in collab. with Miller, the Cyprus chronicle of Macairas.

4. _Bibliotheca graeca medii aevi._ 6 vols. I-III, Venice, 1872-3; IV-VI, Paris, 1874-7.

SAULI, LUIGI. _Della colonia Genovesi in Galata._ Turin, 1831. 2 vols. 8vo.

The valuable information in these volumes is practically without dates, and there is no index.

SCHAFFARIK, JANKO. _See_ Safařík, Ivan.

SCHÉFER, CHARLES. French trans. of portion of Ibn Bibi. Editor, with copious notes, of Bertrandon de la Broquière, Spandugino, and a portion of Geuffraeus. His collection of oriental MSS. has recently enriched the Bibliothèque Nationale. The catalogue of his library, published in 1903 by H. Welter, Paris, is an addition to the bibliography of Oriental history, geography, and philology.

SCHILTBERGER, JOHANNES. _Gefangenschaft in der Turckey._ Frankfort, 1557, 4to. Best modern German edition is: Ed. by K. Fr. Neumann under title _Reisen des Johannes Schiltberger._ Munich, 1859, 8vo. (Hammer used earlier reprint of Munich MS., _Reise in den Orient_, Munich, 1813.) English trans. by J. Buchan Telfer, R.N., with notes by Prof. P. Bruun of Odessa, published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1879, 8vo, under title _The Bondage and Travels of Johann Schiltberger_.

SCHLUMBERGER, G. _Numismatique de l’Orient latin._ Paris, 1878, 4to.

SCHMITT, JOHN, Editor. The chronicle of Morea. Τὸ Χρονικὸν τοῦ Μορέως. (From the Copenhagen and Paris MSS.) London, 1904, 8vo.

SCHÖNHERR, G. Collab., with Pór, A., in the latest authoritative Hungarian history covering the 14th century.

pp. 478-90: Monnaies d’Imitation à légendes latines frappées par les princes ou émirs turcomans du Saroukhan, d’Aïdin, et de Mentesché.

SCHULZ, C. G. _Geschichte des osmanischen Reichs._ Leipzig, 1772, 8vo.

SCHWANDTNER, J. G., editor. _Scriptores rerum Hungaricarum veteres ac genuini._ Tomus i. Vienna, 1746, fol.

SCHWICKER, J. H. German trans. of Kállay.

SEADEDDIN, MOHAMMED BEN HASSAN (KHODJA EFFENDI). _Tajul-Tevarikh._ The Crown of Histories. Constantinople, 1862. 2 vols. 4to. Of this most celebrated Ottoman historian, whose chronicle covers from the origin of the family, there are translations as follows:

1. BRATUTTI, VICENZO. _Cronica dell’ origine e progressi della casa ottomana, composta da Saidino Turco._ Parte prima, Osman-Mohammed I, Vienna, 1649, 12mo. Parte secunda, Murad II and Mohammed II, Madrid, 1652.

Hammer uses this translation.

2. KOLLAR, A. F. _Seadeddini annales Turcici usque ad Murad II._ Turcice et Latine cura Ad. Fr. Kollar a Kerestan. Vienna, 1755 fol.

3. SEAMAN, WM. _The Reign of Sultan Orkhan, translated from Hodja effendi._ London, 1652, 8vo.

4. _History of the Turkish war with Rhodians, Venetians, Egyptians, Persians and other nations, written by Will Caoursin and Khodja Afendy, a Turk._ London, 1683, 8vo.

This is an anon. trans. of Caoursin’s _Historia Rhodi_ and Seadeddin’s recital of the siege of Rhodes under Mohammed II.

5. GALLAND, ANTOINE. _Histoire ottomane, écrite par Saadud-din Mehemed Hassan, plus connu chez les Turcs sous le nom de Cogia Efendi, mise en françois par Antoine Galland, Professeur et Lecteur royal en langue arabe._ A translation in MS. of Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds turc, 64. Vol. i, up to Murad II, is lacking. Vol. ii is in the Bibl. Nat. under fonds fr., 6074. A third volume, fonds fr., 6075, contains Bayezid II and Selim I.

Zinkeisen used this translation. But Jorga, i. 150, n. 1, is in error in believing that Zinkeisen had access to complete trans. This has been lacking since 18th cent. The whole comment of Jorga is confusing. He mixes Seadeddin with Neshri, and follows Zenker’s erroneous statement that Leunclavius’s _Annali_ is a trans. of Seadeddin.

6. The story of the capture of Constantinople by Mohammed has been translated into French by Garcin de Tassy, Paris, 1826, and by Michaud, in his _Bibl. des Croisades_, vol. iii; into English by Gibb, Glasgow, 1879; and, in part, into German by Krause, _Die Eroberungen von Konstantinopel im XIII. und XV. Jahrhundert_, Halle, 1870, 8vo.

SEAMAN, WILLIAM. English translator of portion of Seadeddin.

SECUNDINUS, NICOLAUS. _Liber de familia Autumanarum ad Eneam,_ _Senarum episcopum._ Fol. 133-41 of MS. Latin 414 of K. Bibl., Munich. Published as Liber I in Johannes Ramus, which see.

This letter, written to Aenaeas Sylvius, afterwards Pope Pius II, from Naples, is one of the first western accounts of the Osmanlis. In the title-page of ‘De rebus Turcicis’, printed 1553, Secundinus is called ‘vetustissimo autore’.

SEFERT, M. _La Dalmatie, y compris ... Patras, Athènes._ Manuel de voyageur avec 88 gravures et 32 cartes et plans. Guide illustré Hartleben, no. 64. Vienna and Leipzig, 1912, 12mo.

SEIFF, J. _Reisen in der asiatischen Türkei._ Leipzig, 1875.

SERVI, FERDINANDO. _Compendium Historiae Turcicae._ Venice, 1689. This is a trans. into Latin, then Italian, of Du Verdier. Some bibliographers have treated this as an original work.

SHEHABEDDIN, ABUL ABBAS AHMED. _Mesalek al absar fi memalek alamsar._ Footpaths of the eyes in the Kingdoms of the different Countries. Existing fragments, which include Asia Minor, trans. into French by Quatremère, in _Notices et Extraits_, xiii. 152-384, from MS. in Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds arabe, no. 2325.

Quatremère in discussing whether S. is from Damascus, Marash or Morocco, has overlooked Hadji Khalfa, Lex. Bibl., no. 10874, fol. 1832, who unhesitatingly calls him ‘écrivain de Damas’.

SHEREFEDDIN ALI (YEZDI). _Zéfer Namé._ But MS. in Bibl. Nat., Paris, reads _Kitabi fatih namehi Emir Timour_ (a Life of Timur by his own secretary). Trans. into Turkish by Mohammed ben al Agemi. Trans. into French by Petits de la Croix, under title _Histoire de Timourbec, connu sous le nom du Gran Tamerlan, empereur des Mongols et Tartares_. Paris, 1722. 4 vols. 12mo. No index. Another edition of same, Delft, 1723. 4 vols. 8vo.

Muralt, in the bibliography of his _Chronographie byzantine_, has fallen into the error of identifying Sherefeddin with Arabshah.

SHIREDDIN. _See_ Dorn.

SIDAROUSS, S. _Les Patriarcats dans l’Empire Ottoman et spécialement en Égypte._ Paris, 1907, la. 8vo.

SIDI ALI IBN HUSSEIN (Khatib Roumi). The Mirror of the Countries. Narration of Voyages. German trans. of Diez, trans. into French by Moris, with foreword on life and times of Sidi Ali. Paris, 1827, 8vo.

SILVESTRE DE SACY, A. I. French trans. of Makrisi’s _Numismatics_. Editor of letter of Dominican Friar. _See_ note under Moranvillé, Henri de.

SIONITA, GABRIEL. Latin trans. of Edrisi in collab. with John Hesronita.

SISMONDI, J. C. L. SISMONDE DE. _Histoire des républiques italiennes du moyen âge._ Paris, 1809. 8 vols. 12mo. New ed., Paris, 1840. 10 vols. 8vo.

SLANE, G. DE. 1. _Catalogue des bibliothèques de Constantinople._ In MS. Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds arabe, no. 4474.

2. _Cat. des MSS. arabes de la Bibl. Nat., Paris._ 2 vols., 1883 and 1895. Still in MS.

3. Trans. into French Ibn Khaldun’s _Prolegomena_.

SMIRNOW, W. D. Collections scientifiques de l’Inst. des Langues orientales du Ministère des aff. étrang. Vol. viii, _Manuscrits turcs_. Petrograd, 1897, 8vo.

SOLAKZADÉ. Hist. Ott. Emp. from beginning to Soleiman II, in 1 vol.

SPANDUGINO, TEODORO. _I commentari di Teo. Spandugino Cantacusino, gentil’huomo Constantinopolitano. Costumi e leggi de’ Turchi: origine de’ Prencipi Turchi._ Lucca, 1550. Florence, 1551. Also in Sansovino, pp. 107-36, 182-206. Charles Schéfer has published and edited an early French MS. trans. of above: _Petit traicté de l’origine des Turcqz_. Paris, 1896, 8vo.

Excellent for erudite display of bibliographical knowledge, but Schéfer’s comments on chronicle are disappointing, and his chronology is inaccurate.

SPIEGEL. _See_ Jo. Gaudier.

SPRENGER, A. _See_ Fitzclarence, George.

SREZNAVSKI, L. Russian trans. of Clavijo.

STELLA, GIORGIO. _Annales Genuenses._ (1298-1409.) Continued by ‘Frater Johannes’ to 1435. In Muratori, xvii. 947-1318.

STEWART, AUBREY. English trans. of portion of _Secreta fidelium crucis_ of Marino Sanuto (Torsello).

STEWART, CHARLES. English trans. of anon. Memoirs of Timur.

STRITTER, J. G. _Memoriae populorum, olim ad Danubium, Pontum Euxinum, paludem Maeotidem, Caucasum, mare Caspium et inde magis ad septentriones incolentium, e scriptoribus Byzantinis erutae et digestae._ Petrograd, 1779. 4 vols. 4to.

Numerous writers have gone to Stritter, and quoted from him, in citing Byzantine writers of 13th and 14th cent.

STRZYGOWSKI, JOSEF. _Die Calendarbilder des Chronographen vom Jahre 354, mit 30 Tafeln._ Berlin, 1888, 4to.

SZALAY, LADISLAS. _Geschichte Ungarns._ Trans. from Hungarian by Heinrich Wögerer. Buda-Pest, 1866-9. 3 vols. 8vo.

SZILAGYI, ALEXANDER. Editor of _A Magyar Nemzet Törtenete_.

TAFEL, G. L. F. 1. _De Via Egnatia._ Tübingen, 1842.

2. _Symbola critica ad geographiam Byzantinam spectantia._ K. Bayer. Akademie, vol. v.

3. Editor of Panaretos.

4. _Urkunden zur älteren Handels-und Staatsgeschichte der Republik Venedig._ Vienna, 1856. (In collab. with Thomas, G. M.)

TAHIR-ZADE, AHMED AGA. _Tarikhi-Aga._ Constantinople, 1876. 5 vols. 8vo. General Hist. of Ott. Emp. from foundation.

TARBÉ, P. Editor of Eustache Deschamps.

TARTINI, J. M., ed. _Rerum Italicarum Scriptores_. Florence, 1748-70. 2 vols. la. fol. (A supplement to Muratori: codices of Laurentinian Library.) Newly edited, Rome, 1909, by V. Fiorini _et al._, as vols. xxvi and xxvii of the new Muratori.

TAUBER, NICHOLAS VON. German trans. of Geuffraeus.

TAVERNIER, JEAN-BAPTISTE. _Les six voyages ... qu’il a faits en Turquie, en Perse et aux Indes, pendant quarante ans. Nouvelle éd., reveüe et corrigée._ Paris, 1713. 5 vols. 12mo.

TCHIHATCHEFF, P. DE. _Asie Mineure: description physique statistique et archéol._ Avec atlas de 28 cartes. Paris, 1853-6. 2 vols. 8vo.

TELFER, J. B. English trans. of Schiltberger.

TEXEIRA. _Voyages de Texeira, ou l’Histoire des Rois des Perses._ Trad. de l’espagnol par Colotendi (d’après Barbier). Paris, 1681. 2 vols. 12mo.

Texeira follows Mirkhond.

TEXIER, CHARLES. _Asie Mineure: description géogr., hist. et archéol._ Paris, 1862, 8vo. In series ‘L’Univers illustré’. A larger and earlier edition was published in Paris, 1839-49. 3 vols. fol., with 241 plates and maps.

THALLÓCZY. (In collab. with Gelčić.) 1. _Diplomata relationum reipublicae Ragusinae cum regno Hungariae._ Buda-Pesth, 1887.

2. _Studien zur Geschichte Bosniens und Serbiens im Mittelalter_ ... übersetzt von Dr. Franz Eckhardt. Munich, 1914, 8vo.

THEINER, AUGUSTUS. 1. _Monumenta vetera historiam Hungariae sacram illustrantia._ Maximam partem nondum edita. Ex tabulariis vaticanis deprompta, collecta ac serie chronol. disposita. Ab Honorio III. ad Clementem VII. (1216-1526). Rome, 1859-60. 2 vols. fol.

2. _Vetera monumenta Slavorum meridionalium historiam illustrantia._ Rome and Agram, 1863, 1875. 2 vols. 8vo.

Contains papal letters for our period.

THOMAS, A. _Les lettres à la cour des papes ... 1290-1423._ Rome, 1884, 8vo. Also in _Mélanges d’archéologie et d’histoire_, vols. ii and iv.

THOMAS, G. M. 1. Collab. with Tafel in compilation of _Urkunden zur älteren Handels-und Staatsgeschichte_.

2. Collab. with Predelli in _Diplomatarium Veneto-Levantinum_.

THORNBERG. Latin trans. of Ibn Khaldun.

THURÓCZ, JOHANN. _Illustrissima Hungariae regum chronica._ In Schwandtner, i. 39-291.

THURY, JOSEF. Hungarian trans. of Neshri.

TINDAL, N. English trans. of Cantemir.

TODERINI, Abbé JEAN-BAPTISTE. _De la littérature des Turcs._ Trad. de l’italien en français par l’abbé Cournand. Paris, 1789. 3 vols. 8vo.

Toderini was chaplain to the Bailie of Venice at Constantinople from 1779 to 1785. In historical points he follows Cantemir pretty closely. Of the Ottoman historians he seems to know only Seadeddin and Hadji Khalfa.

TODERINI, T. (in collab. with B. Cecchetti). _Il R. Archivio di Venezia._ Venice, 1873, 8vo.

TOZER, H. F. 1. _The Church and the Eastern Empire._ London, 1888. 4to.

2. Editor of 1877 edition of Finlay.

TRAUT, VEIT. _Türkischer Kayser Ankunft Krieg und Sieg wider die Christen biss auf den Zwelfften yetzt Regierenden Tyrannen Soleymannum._ With 15 woodcuts. Augsburg, 1543, fol.

TUDELLE, BENJAMIN DE. In Bergeron.

TYCHSEN, O. G. Latin trans. of Makrisi.

URECHI, GRÉGOIRE. _Chronique de Moldavie, depuis le milieu du XIVe siècle jusqu’à 1594._ Texte roumain en caractères slavons. Traduction par Émile Picot. _École des Langues viv. orientales_, vol. ix. Paris, 1879, 8vo.

URSINS, JEAN-J. DES. _Histoire de Charles VI._ Edited by Godefroy. Paris, 1614, 4to.

URSU, I. Editor, with Rumanian notes, of Donado da Lezze.

VAMBÉRY, HERMANN. 1. _Alt-osmanische Sprachstudien._ Leyden, 1901, 8vo.

2. _Hungary._ ‘Story of Nations’ series. London, 1898, 8vo.

3. _Geschichte Bocharas oder Transoxaniens._ Stuttgart, 1872.

VANEL. _Abrégé nouveau de l’histoire gén. des Turcs ... depuis leur établissement jusqu’à présent. Avec les Portraits des Empereurs ottomans tirez sur les meilleurs originaux._ Paris, 1689. 3 vols. 12mo.

VAN GAVER, JULES. Collab. with Jouannin.

VATTIER, PIERRE. French trans. of Arabshah.

VERTOT, ABBÉ. _Histoire des chevaliers de Saint-Jean._ Amsterdam, 1732. 7 vols. 12mo.

VIGÉNAIRE, BLAISE DE. French trans. of Chalcocondylas.

VILLANI, GIOVANNI. _Historia universalis_ (in Italian). Muratori, xiii. 1-1002.

Villani died of the plague in 1348.

VILLANI, MATTEO, and his son FILIPPO. _Historia ab 1348 ad 1365._ A continuation of the _Historia universalis_. (Also in Italian.) Muratori, xiv. 1-770.

A most valuable contemporary record for first conquests of Murad I in Europe.

VIVIEN DE SAINT-MARTIN, LOUIS. _Description historique et géogr. de l’Asie Mineure._ Paris, 1852. 2 vols. 8vo.

VLASTO, E.-A. Trans. into French portion of Hopf which relates to Giustiniani family of Chios.

VULLERS, J. A. Latin trans. of Mirkhond.

WAVRIN, JEAN DE. _Les Chronicques d’Engleterre._ Edited by Mlle. du Pont. Paris, 1858-63. 2 vols. 8vo.

WENZEL, G. _Monumenta Hungariae historica._ Buda-Pest, 1876, 8vo.

WERUNSKI, E. _Excerpta ex registris Clementis VI et Innocentii VI ..._ (541 documents from 1342 to 1360). Innsbruck, 1885, 8vo.

WHITE, JOSEPH. Editor of Clarendon Press (1783) Persian text of Timur’s memoirs.

WIRTH, A. _Geschichte der Türken._ 2nd ed. Stuttgart, 1913, 12mo.

WÖGERER, H. German trans. of Szalay.

WOLFF. _Geschichte der Mongolen._ Breslau, 1872.

WRIGHT, J. Editor of Mandeville.

WÜSTENFELD, FERDINAND. 1. _Vergleichungs-Tabellen der muhammedanischen und christlichen Zeitrechnung, nach dem ersten Tage jedes muham. Monats berechnet und im Auftrage und auf Kosten der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft._ Leipzig, 1854, 4to.

This is reproduced in Mas Latrie’s _Trésor de Chronologie_, &c., pp. 549-622.

2. _Geschichte der Türken mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des vermeintlichen Anrechts derselben auf den Besitz von Griechenland._ Leipzig, 1899, 8vo.

A book full of inaccuracies and misleading statements: altogether unworthy of the author of the _Tabellen_.

WUTTKE, HEINRICH. Editor of German trans. of P. J. Safařík.

WYLIE, H. _History of England under Henry IV._ London, 1884-98. 4 vols. 12mo.

XÉNOPOL, A. D. _Histoire des Roumains._ Paris, 1896. 2 vols. 1a. 8vo. This is a translation, revised and abridged by the author himself, of _Istoria Rominilor din Dacia traiana_. Jassy, 1888-93. 6 vols. 8vo.

YAHIA, NASREDDIN. _See_ Ibn Bibi.

YALE, H. English trans. of Marco Polo.

ZAGORSKY, VLADIMIR. _François Rački et la renaissance scientifique et politique de la Croatie._ Paris, 1909, 8vo.

pp. 178-81 contain exposé of Bosno-Serbo-Croatian relations at time of Ottoman conquest.

ZENKER, J. TH. _Bibliotheca Orientalis._ Leipzig, 1848-61. 2 vols. 4to. Vol. i contains: Arabic, Persian, and Turkish books from invention of printing to 1840; vol. ii, a supplement of preceding up to 1860, and books on Christian Orient.

Compiled in haphazard fashion: very incomplete: most important works are omitted: in giving translations Seadeddin is confused with Ali.

ZINKEISEN, JOHANN WILHELM. _Geschichte des Osmanischen Reichs in Europa._ Gotha, 1840-63. 7 vols. 8vo. In Allgemeine Staatengeschichte, I, 15 _Werke_. Vol. i up to 1453.

Jorga’s recent work is 37 in the same series.

ZOLLIKOFER, LUCAS. German trans. of Pedro Mexia.

ZOTENBERG, H. French trans. of Jean of Nikiou.

ANONYMOUS

_Acta patriarchatus Constantinopolitani_ (1315-1402). In Miklositch and Müller, _Acta et diplomata_, vol. i.

_Anciennes Chroniques de Savoye._ Cols. 1-382 in _Monumenta Historiae Patriae_: Scriptores, vol. i.

Contemporary account of Amadeo’s expedition to the Levant.

_Chronik aus Kaiser Sigmunds Zeit (1126-1434)._ Edited by Th. von Kern, in _Die Chroniken der deutschen Städte_, Nürnberg, i. 344-414. Leipzig, 1862, 8vo.

_La Chronique du duc Loys de Bourbon._ Ed. by P. P. Chazaud, Paris, 1876, 8vo.

_Chronique de Morée._ Edited for Soc. Hist. France by Jean de Longnon. Paris, 1911, 8vo.

_See also_ Rodd, Sir Rennell, Schmitt, John, and Morel-Fatio, A.

_Chronique du religieux de Saint-Denis._ Edited by Bellaguet, in Coll. des Doc. inédits sur l’hist. de France, XVII, tome ii. 504. Paris, 1839-52. 6 vols. 4to.

Nicopolis expedition, ii. 425-30, 483-532.

_Chronique des quatre premiers Valois._ (1327-93.) Edited by S. Luce. Paris, 1861, 8vo.

_Cronica Dolfina._ Bibl. Marc., Venice, MS. ital., class 7, no. 794.

_Derbend Namé._ English trans. with Turkish text, by Mirza A. Kazem bey. St. Petersburg, 1851, 4to.

The Dominican Friar’s Account of Timur. _See_ Moranvillé, Henri, and Silvestre de Sacy, A. I.

Έπιρωτικά (Epirotica). _Historia Epiri a Michaele Nepote Duce conscripta._ Six fragments, forming pp. 207-79, in _Historia et Politica Patriarchica Constantinopoleos_. (In _Corpus Script. Byz._) Bonn, 1849, 8vo.

_La Généalogie du Grand-Turc_ (Lyon ed.). _See_ Gycaud.

_Livre des faicts du bon messire Jean le Maingre, dit Bouciquaut._ Bibl. Nat., fonds fr., no. 11432. Th. Godefroy edited and published this MS., Paris, 1620, 4to. Modern editions: Collection Petitot, VI and VII; Michaud et Poujoulat, II; and Buchon, _Choix de chroniques_ (Panthéon littéraire), III. Paris, 1853.

_Memoirs of Timur._ Supposed to be an autobiography in Djagatai Turkish, MS. of which was discovered in the Yemen.

1. Persian trans. by Abu Halib Hussein. The text was edited by Professor White, and publ. by the Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1783, with a trans. into English by Major Davy. A second English trans. was made by Charles Stewart, under title _Mulfuzat timüry_ or autobiographical memoirs of the Moghul emp. Timur. London, 1830, 4to.

2. French trans. from Persian by L. Langlès, under title _Instituts politiques et militaires de Tamerlan_, écrit par lui-même. Paris, 1787, 8vo.

_Mira-ari tarikh Osmani._ (Ottoman history.) Constantinople, 1876, 8vo.

_Monumenta Pisana._ In Muratori, xv. 973-1088.

_Relation de la Croisade de Nicopolis par un serviteur de Gui de Blois._ The two MSS. in the Library of the Duc d’Arenbourg and the Ashburnham collection are published by Kervyn de Lettenhove, in his edition of Froissart, xv. 439-508; xvi. 413-43.

_Series Imperatorum Turcicorum._ In Foglietta, _de Originibus_.

_Tractatus de ritu et moribus Turcarum._ Cologne, c. 1488; Wittenberg, with preface by Martin Luther, 1530; German trans. by Sebastian Franck, without place, 1530; augmented edition of Franck’s trans., Berlin, 1590. The same work under title _Tractatus de ritu, moribus et multiplicatione nequitiae Turcarum_, Paris, 1514, 8vo.

By a Christian slave under Murad II. Rambaud, _Hist. gén._, iii. 867, cites an edition of Paris, 1509, 4to, which he attributes to Ricoldus. But I do not find this name in other editions.

SERBIAN CHRONICLES

Chronicle of the Abbey Tronosha. Chronicle of Pek, quoted by Mijatovitch.

BYZANTINE HISTORIANS

1. _Historiae byzantinae scriptores._ Louvre ed. Paris, 1645-1711. 38 vols. fol. Venice, 1727-33. 23 vols.

2. _Corpus scriptorum historiae byzantinae._ Ed. by Niebuhr. Bonn, 1828-78. 49 vols. 8vo.

3. _Patrologia Graeca._ Ed. by Migne. Paris, 1857-66, 161 vols. 4to.

The writers who deal with the 14th cent. are:

1. Pachymeres (1258-1308). Bonn, 1835. 2 vols. 8vo. Rome, 1660.

2. Nicephorus Gregoras (1204-1351). Bonn, 1855. Paris, 1702, 2 vols.

3. Johannes VI Cantacuzenos (1320-57). Bonn, 1828-32. 3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1645. Migne, ciii-civ.

4. Manuel I Palaeologos (1388-1407). Migne, clvi. 82-582.

5. Chalcocondylas, Laonicus (1298-1462). Bonn, 1843. Paris, 1650. Migne, vol. clix.

6. Ducas, Johannes (1341-1462). Bonn, 1834. Migne, clvii. 750-1166. Paris, 1649. Chronicon Breve--added to Ducas.

7. Phrantzes, George (1259-1477). Bonn, 1838. Migne, vol. clvi. Vienna, 1796.

8. Panaretos, Michail (1204-1386). For Trebizond. _See_ editions under his card.

9. Historia Epirotica. Bonn, 1849. (In vol. xxiii.)

VENETIAN ARCHIVES

Original MS. collections referred to in my book:

I. _Commemoriali._ A transcription of miscellaneous acts, bulls, &c., 1295-1787. 33 vols. la. fol. Vols. i-ix, 1295-1405. i, 1295-8. ii, 1309-16. iii, 1317-26. iv, 1325-43. v, 1342-52. vi, 1353-8. vii, 1358-62. viii, 1362-76. viii (2), 1376-97. ix, 1395-1405. The _Commemoriali_ have been edited by Riccardo Predelli. _See also_ Thomas.

II. _Misti_ (Deliberationes mixtae). ‘Continentes res terrestres et maritimas.’ 1293-1440. First 14 volumes (1293-1331) were burned in 1574 or 1577, but indices have been preserved in the Rubricarii. 60 vols. fol. xv-xxxii, 1332-67; xxxiii-xli, 1368-88; xlii-xlix, 1389-1413. Rubricarii. Indices of the Misti. 4 vols. i, 1293-1368 (32 registers); ii, 1368-89 (9 registers); iii, 1389-1413 (9 registers).

III. _Secreti_ (Deliberationes secretae). For foreign affairs. 1345-1401. Numbered by letters. 19 vols., A to S, of which only four remain. A and B, 1345-50; R (now called E), March 1388-97; and L, May 1373-Feb. 1376. One feels deeply the loss of these records, especially of S, which went from April 1397 to Feb. 1400.

IV. _Patti._ 7 registers of treaties from 883 to 1496.

V. _Liber Albus._ Treaties, privileges, &c., with the Levant (principally for commerce) up to 1348.

VI. _Libri Secretorum Consilii Rogatorum_, commonly called ‘Cons. Rog.’. A continuation of the Secreti from April 10, 1401, to Feb. 26, 1476. These volumes bear Arabic numerals, not letters. There are 27 registers, of which no. 1 contains the Anatolian campaign of Timur and the downfall of Bayezid.

In the classified bibliography, the collections in which documents from Venetian records have been published are grouped.

INDEX

Adalia, 158, 296, 297-8.

Adana, 74, 282, 296, 298-9.

Adrianople, 39, 91, 100, 103, 112, 114, 121, 123, 125-6, 171-87, 207, 231-2, 261; unique place of, in Ottoman history, 139.

Afion Kara Hissar, 11, 290.

Aïdin, 65, 86, 158, 185-6, 191, 228, 283, 286, 291; Ottoman absorption of, 185, 259, 274, 287.

Akbara, 69, 284.

Akridur, 284, 288-9.

Ak Seraï, 16, 162, 187, 189, 237, 284, 300.

Ak Sheïr, 154, 187, 260, 284-5.

Ak Tchaï, battle of, 188-90.

Alaïa, 285, 289.

Albania, Ottoman invasions of, 147, 159-60, 170, 183, 206, 243.

Albanian nobility, conversion of, to Islam, 76.

Albanians, value of, in Ottoman army, 159.

Alaeddin Kaï Kobad, composition of army of, 16-17; connexion with Osmanlis, 20-2, 264, 266, 269; fortifies Sivas, 246.

---- of Karamania, 165-7, 187-90, 288; sons of, set free by Timur after Angora, 257.

---- pasha (brother of Orkhan), 70-2.

Alexander of Bulgaria, 103, 138-9, 170.

Ali pasha (grand vizier of Bayezid), 171-2, 199-200, 234.

Altoluogo, 286.

Amadeo of Savoy, crusade of, 128, 130; proselytizing zeal of, aids conquests of Murad, 141-2; intervenes to make peace between Venice and Genoa, 155; hostility to Theodore Palaeologos, 228.

Amassia, 250, 300.

Anatoli Hissar, 234.

Anatolia (_see_ Asia Minor).

Angora, 16, 68, 155, 162, 188, 191, 250, 259, 264, 285-6, 288; battle of, 251-5, 262; capture of, by Osmanlis, 68, 156.

Anna of Savoy, 91-4, 129.

Argos, population of, deported to Anatolia, 230.

Armenia, Little, kingdom of (_see_ Cilicia).

Armenians, bravery and massacre of, at Sivas, 248.

Asia Minor, railways in, 11-12; new ethnic elements in, 14-15; obscure geographical names in, 32; exodus of Greeks to coast of, 35; Catalans in, 36-8, 123, 301; importance of Aegaean islands for control of, 43; not conquered by early Osmanlis, 68-9, 300-2; Black Death in, 96; Crusaders’ road through, 162; Bayezid nominal master of greater part of, 191; Timur invades, 257-60; Mongol invasions of, 270-3, 300; Turkish emirates in, 277-301.

Athens, Osmanlis in, 231.

Attika, Ottoman invasions of, 147, 186, 205.

Ayasoluk, 185, 283, 286, 295.

Bagdad, 244, 249, 269.

Balikesri, 66, 69, 286, 291, 294.

Balkan Christians prefer Ottoman rule to that of Catholics, 133, 194, 240.

---- peninsula, distance between cities of, 162; Moslem immigration into, 196, 230-91; Venetian fear of Hungarian hegemony in, 207; Ottoman activities cease in, 243.

Balsa of Albania, 159.

Baphaeon, battle of, 34, 45.

Bayezid, assassinates Yakub upon his accession, 180; marries daughter of Lazar, 183; conquers Anatolian emirates, 184-91, 274; invests Smyrna, 185; completes conquest of Bulgaria, 195; receives privileges in Constantinople, 199; propitiated by Venetians and Genoese, 204-5, 207; continues subjugation of Albania and Greece, 230, 243; defeats crusaders at Nicopolis, 216-24; invades the Morea, 228-32; settles Anatolian Turks in Balkan peninsula, and pushes siege of Constantinople after Nicopolis, 230-4; extends conquests to valley of the Euphrates, and comes into contact with Timur, 244; defies Timur, 246; defeated by Timur at Angora, 251-5; taken prisoner and humiliated, 253-6; dies at Ak Sheïr, 256; arrogance of, 181-2, 209, 227, 246, 249; origin of nickname _Yildirim_, 188; contemporary western conception of, 208; change of character after success, 225, 235, 249, 257; claims to greatness as a statesman, 235; humble origin of, 245, 267; wrong tactics at Angora, 251-2; discussion of cage story, 255-6; durability of conquests of, 262.

Bayezid, sons of, confusion of western writers concerning identity of, 246, 252; fate of, after Angora, 255; fight for succession, 259.

Belgrad, 162.

Bigha, Catalan colony of, 123, 294, 301.

Biledjik, 11, 12, 22, 33.

Black Death, 95-6, 115.

---- Sheep, dynasty of, 245.

Bogomile heresy, 93.

Boli, 286, 292.

Borlu, 286.

Bosnia, Ottoman invasions of, 147, 184, 191. (_See also_ Tvrtko.)

Bosnian nobility, conversion to Islam, 75.

Bosphorus, 32, 45, 59, 233-4, 237, 260-1.

Boucicaut, crusade of, 128, 236-9; in Nicopolis campaign, 212-23; tries to raise ransom at Constantinople, 226; crusaders left behind by, save Constantinople, 242.

Brusa, 12, 13, 22, 32, 45, 46, 54, 84, 122, 125, 152, 185, 188, 198, 225, 257, 275-6, 286-7; captured by the Osmanlis, 46-8; place in Ottoman history, 125.

Buda, John Palaeologos at, 130; Nicopolis crusaders at, 211.

Bulaïr, 101, 111.

Bulgaria, incorporated in Ottoman Empire, 195.

Bulgarians, early propagation of Islam among, 26; refuse to aid Byzantines against Osmanlis, 103; first conflict with Osmanlis in Thrace, 111-14; make John Palaeologus prisoner, and are attacked by Savoyard crusaders, 129-30; struggle against Osmanlis in Thrace, 139-40; resist Hungarian attempts to convert them to Catholic faith, 141; lose Sofia, 161; Ottoman invasion and conquest, 171-3, 194-5; aid Osmanlis in Karamanian campaign, 188; oppressed by Greek patriarchate, 195-6.

Bunar Hissar, 112, 139.

Burgas, 129, 142.

Burhaneddin of Caesarea, 190, 287, 297.

Byzantine architecture, influence of, upon Ottoman, 275-6.

---- emperor, glamour of title in Western Europe, 241.

Byzantines, civil dynastic strife among, 35, 47-9, 57-61 91-4, 98-105, 149-54, 197-200, 237-9, 259; first contact with Osmanlis, 34; receive aid from Catalans, 37-40; seek aid of Genoese and Serbians, against Turks, 41; menaced again by western schemes of conquest, 42; lose Bithynia to Osmanlis, 45-9; defeated by Osmanlis at Pelecanon, 59-61; weakness of opposition of, to Orkhan, 106; abasement of, before Murad, 122; fail to cooperate with other Balkan Christians against Osmanlis, 123, 139; make treaty with Genoese, 162; reduced to city state of Constantinople, 232-4, 242-3; aided by Boucicaut’s crusade, 236-9, 242; fail to take advantage of defeat of Bayezid by Timur, and help Ottoman armies in retreat to Europe, 261.

Caesarea, 16, 190, 248, 272, 284, 287, 300.

Callixtus, patriarch, 101-3, 144.

Cantacuzenos, Helen, 94.

----, Irene, 91, 94, 103.

----, John, wounded by Turks, 48; at battle of Pelecanon, 60; prevents marriage alliance between Orkhan and Dushan, 90; usurps imperial purple, 91; marries daughter to Orkhan, 93; forces widow of Andronicus III to recognize him as co-emperor, and marries daughter to John Palaeologus, 93-4; asks aid of Orkhan against Dushan, 98; dynastic war with John Palaeologus, in which Osmanlis help him, 99-102; forced to abdicate, and becomes monk, 103; character of, 104-5; responsibility for introducing Osmanlis into Europe, 92-5, 97-100, 102-3, 105-10; grand-daughter of, in harem of Bayezid, 230.

----, Matthew, turns against father, 98; Patriarch Callixtus refuses to consecrate as co-emperor, 101-2; forced by John Palaeologus to abdicate, 103.

----, Theodora, wife of Orkhan, 93-4, 98, 107.

Catalans, aid Byzantines in Asia Minor, 37-8; form state at Gallipoli, 39; go to Thessaly, 40; sack Chios, 43; mercenaries of Cantacuzenos, 103; remnants of, at Bigha, 123, 301.

Cattaro, 134.

Charles IV (Holy Roman Emperor), 138.

---- of Durazzo, 192.

---- VI of France, rejoices over death of Murad, 178; opposes Bayezid, 202, 208-9, 233; insanity of, 202, 209, 242; receives Manuel Palaeologus, 241; Timur proposes to share world with, 249; misinformed about origin and power of Osmanlis, 208-9, 274.

---- Thopia, lord of Durazzo, 159.

Chios, 43, 163, 186, 205.

Chivalry, last effort of, in crusade against Bayezid, 211-14, 217-20, 222-4, 225-8.

Christians in Ottoman Empire, civil status of, 77-8.

Cilicia, 13, 271, 282, 293, 298-9, 300.

Constantine, Bulgarian prince of Kustendil, 140, 143, 173.

Constantinople, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 24, 36, 41, 79, 91, 100, 121, 125, 148-9, 162, 196-200, 205-7, 232-4, 235-9, 241-3, 259-60.

Corfu, Venetians alarmed about safety of, 243.

Croia, 160.

Crusaders, road of, to Jerusalem, 162.

Crusades, end of, 13, 14, 203; perversion of, in 14th century, 143.

----, Nicopolis the last, 203.

Cypriotes, join league against Murad, 163; fighting Genoese, 239; relations with Rhodes and Anatolian emirates, 285, 290, 295, 297, 299-300.

Damascus, 240, 250, 279, 287.

Dardanelles, 22, 128, 261, 291, 293; ‘question’ of, 152, 203, 237.

Demotika, 48, 57, 90, 91, 99, 100, 105, 112, 114, 121, 125, 150.

Despina, daughter of Lazar, marries Bayezid, 183; disgraced by Timur, 256.

Djagataï, 244.

Djenghiz Khan, 13, 16, 26, 41, 53, 74, 243-4, 256, 264, 270.

Dobrotich, 140, 170.

Drama, 146, 158, 161.

Durazzo, 159, 162, 201-2, 206.

Dushan, Stephen, 86-90, 94, 98-9, 143, 201.

Edebali, Sheik, 23-4, 27.

Egherdir, 284, 288.

Elbassan, 159.

_Emir_, confused by contemporary western writers with Murad, 213; transcribed into ‘admiral’, 163.

Enos, 114, 123.

Ephesus, 258-9, 283.

Epiros, Ottoman invasion of, 159.

Ertogrul, father of Osman, 20-2, 28, 263-4, 267.

Erzerum, 20, 266, 270, 288, 300.

Erzindjian, 20, 246, 248, 259, 266, 270, 272, 288, 293, 300.

Eski Baba, 112.

---- Sheïr, 11, 12, 22, 32, 290.

Evrenos, general of Murad, 112, 143, 146.

----, general of Osman, 48, 76.

---- of Yanitza, 171, 228, 230.

Famagusta, 239, 298.

Flor, Roger de, 37-9, 43.

Fratricide, Ottoman legal sanction of, 180-1.

Gallipoli, 39, 41, 100-3, 111, 129, 221.

Genoese, aid Michael IX, 41; supposed to have instigated Turkish attack on Rhodes, 44; help Osmanlis, 97-8, 100, 107, 165; fight with Venetians for Tenedos, 152-5; make treaty with Byzantines in 1386, 162; make treaty with Osmanlis in 1385, and join league against them in 1386, 163; fail to aid Nicopolis crusade, 207; under protection of France, 236; encourage Timur to attack Bayezid, 249; help Ottoman army to cross to Europe after Angora, 261; wars with Venetians, 96-7, 152-5, 262; at Kaffa, 294.

Ghazan Khan, 26, 36-7.

Grand vizier, origin of office, 71.

Greece, conquests of Osmanlis in, 171, 186, 228-30, 232.

Gul Hissar, 69, 288-9.

Gumuldjina, 112.

Guzel Hissar, 283, 286.

Hadji Ilbeki, 123-4.

Halicarnassus, 288, 300.

Hamid, 86, 157, 165-6, 187, 284-5, 289.

Hedwig of Hungary, becomes Queen of Poland, 192.

Henry IV of England, not at Nicopolis, 214; turns from crusades to efforts for English crown, 233; receives Manuel Palaeologus, 241; wants to help to save Constantinople, 242; tries to convert Timur to Christianity, 259.

Hungarians, first conflict with Osmanlis, 122-4; aid of, solicited by John Palaeologus, 128-30; urged by Gregory XI to fight Osmanlis, 136-7; attack Bulgarians, and are driven back, 141; attack Venice, 154; border nobles co-operate with Serbians at Kossova, 170.

Hungary, first Ottoman raid into, 183-4; first battle of Osmanlis on soil of, 191; separation of crown of, from Poland, 192; interest of, in checking progress of Osmanlis, 203-4; hegemony of, in Balkans feared by Venice, 207; Ottoman invasion of, after Nicopolis, 224.

Hunyadi, 194.

Ibn Batutah, 69, 277-80.

Ishtiman, 142, 160-2.

Islamic state, theocratic conception of, 72-3.

---- teaching, concrete results of, 75.

Ispahan, 259.

Istip, 158, 160-2.

Italians, city ideal of, 14.

Jagello of Lithuania, converted and becomes Ladislas of Poland, 192.

Janina, 159.

Janissaries, institution of, 80, 117-21; number of, in early Ottoman history, 118-19, 253; rôle of, in early history not important, 119-20, 173.

Jean de Nevers, 210, 212, 218, 223, 225-8.

Jeanne d’Arc, 106, 209.

Jews, cruelty of Tartars to, at Brusa, 267.

Kaffa, 165, 264, 291.

Kaouïa, Ottoman absorption of, 69.

Karamania, 165-7, 187-90, 259, 274, 285, 289-90, 300-2.

Karamanlis, power of, in fifteenth century, 190, 290, 301-2.

Kara Khalil Tchenderli, 112.

---- Yuluk, 190.

---- Yussuf, 244-5.

Karasi, 66, 69, 257, 286, 291, 294.

Kastemuni, 191, 259, 291-2, 297.

Kastriota, George, 170.

Kavalla, 146, 161.

Keraïtes, 14.

Keredek, Ottoman absorption of, 69.

Kermasti, 68, 292.

Kermian, 156, 166, 188, 271, 274, 284, 285, 292-3.

Khaïreddin, 146, 159.

Kharesmians, 17.

Kharesm, distinct from Khorassan, 19.

Kharput, 190, 244.

Khorassan, 19, 25, 244, 264.

Kirk Kilissé, 112, 139.

Kir Sheïr, 250.

Koësé, Michail, 52, 76.

Konia, 6, 11, 13, 16, 166-7, 187, 189, 260, 270-2, 274, 284, 290-300.

Kossova, battle of, 174-8, 203-4; regarded as victory by Bosnians, Italians and French, 178.

Kustendil, 140, 143, 173.

Kutayia, 12, 22, 34, 156-7, 166-7, 188, 257-8, 284, 292.

Lalashahin, 111, 114, 123-4, 126, 142-3.

Laodicea, 287.

Lazar, election of, 148; tributary to Murad, 149; increases tribute after fall of Nish, 162; sends contingent to Murad for Anatolian campaign, 166; dies at Kossova, 177.

Lemnos, 269.

Louis of Hungary, defeated by Osmanlis, 124; attacks Bulgarians, 141; prejudices Christians of Balkans against Catholic faith by attempts of forcible conversion, 141, 194; ignored by Tvrtko of Bosnia, 168-9; death, and contest over succession of, 192.

Lulé Burgas, 112.

Macedonia, Ottoman conquest of, 145-9, 158-9.

Macedonians, uncertainty of, regarding nationality, 144.

Maeander River, caution concerning identity of, 294.

Magnesia, 258.

Malkhatun, wife of Osman, 23-4, 27, 275.

Mamelukes, in Asia Minor, 282, 293, 300-1.

Marash, 279, 293.

Maritza, battle of, 122-4, 144.

Marko, 52, 76.

Marmora, Ottoman absorption of, 69.

Marriage, reason for abandonment of, by Ottoman sultans, 183, 256.

Mary of Hungary, marries Sigismund, 193.

Matthew, patriarch, 243.

Megalopolis, battle of, 230.

Menteshe, 158, 185-6, 191, 259, 274, 283, 287-8, 289, 294, 297, 300; emir of, invades Rhodes, 43-4.

Messembria, 139.

Mézières, Philippe de, agitation of, for crusade, 160, 203.

Michael Asan, conflict with Byzantines, 59; repudiates Serbian marriage alliance, 87.

Midia, 139.

Mikhalitch, conquered by Osmanlis, 68; Nicopolis prisoners at, 225, 294; Timur’s army reaches, 257; emirate of, 294.

Miletus, 294, 295.

Mircea of Wallachia, promises to co-operate with Lazar against Osmanlis, 170; defeated by Osmanlis, and helps Bayezid against Hungarians, 192; negotiates with Bayezid to desert crusaders, 214; withdraws from Nicopolis during battle, 221; defeats invading Ottoman army, 224.

Modon, 230, 240, 243.

Mohammed I, becomes undisputed Ottoman sultan, 262; building activity of, 275-6; Karamanians not dependent upon, 301.

---- II (the Conqueror), legislation of, 72-3, 195; desire of, to connect origin of family with Byzantine imperial family, 265.

---- Sultan, grandson of Timur, 251-2.

Monastir, 158-9, 195.

Mongols, invasion of Asia Minor, 13, 16, 17, 36-7, 300; attempts of Christian missionaries to convert, 14, 26; connexion with Byzantines, 36-7, 41, 65; exposure of women symbol of conquest among, 256.

Morea, 170-1, 228-32, 240, 243.

Mughla, 294, 295.

Murad, first European conquests, 111-15; creates corps of janissaries, 117-20; decides to build Ottoman empire in Balkan peninsula, and makes Adrianople his capital, 125; extension of conquests in Bulgaria, 138-43, 159-61; conquers Macedonia, 145-9, 158-9; extends sovereignty in Asia Minor, 155-8, 274; treaties with Ragusa, Venice, and Genoa, 126-7, 163-4; first conflict with Karamania, 165-7; reaches Danube by further conquests in Bulgaria, 172; destroys Serbian independence, and is killed, in battle of Kossova, 175-7; method of assimilating Balkan Christians, 115-21; policy in empire-building, 125; organization of conquered territories, 147-9; policy in Byzantine dynastic quarrels, 149-55; anxious not to alarm Venice, 160; kindness to non-combatants, 167; policy towards Serbian league, 171; character of, 178-9; confused with Bayezid by western travellers and writers, 208-13; contemporary western conception of, 208.

Musalla, highest mountain in Balkan peninsula, 143.

Mytilene, 163, 205.

Nagy Olosz, battle of, 191.

Nauplia, 230.

Nazlu, 284, 289, 295.

Nicaea, 12, 13, 32, 45-6, 54, 84, 111, 185, 257, 275; captured by the Osmanlis, 56-7, 61-3; emirate of, 295.

Nicomedia, 11, 12, 13, 32, 45-6, 54, 84, 111, 185; captured by the Osmanlis, 63-4.

Nicopolis, 172-3, 193-4, 196; crusade and battle of, 203, 206, 208-24; identification of, 215; significance of battle of, 262; ransom of prisoners taken at, 225-8.

Nilufer, wife of Orkhan, 25, 62.

Nish, 158, 161-2, 183-4.

Okhrida, 159.

Orkhan, first battles of, 46; adds Nicaea and Nicomedia to his emirate, 56-7, 61-4; defeats Byzantines at Pelecanon, 60-1; completes conquest of Bithynia, 64; invades and annexes portions of neighbouring emirates, 66-8, 291-2, 294; invited by Cantacuzenos to aid him against Anna, and receives Cantacuzenos’s daughter as bride, 92-4; invited again by Cantacuzenos into Europe to aid him against John Palaeologus, 98-9; first conquests in Europe, 100-6; has Byzantines at his mercy, 107-8; Ottoman historians unsatisfactory in accounts of reign of, 65; contemporary statements as to power of, 69-70; legislation of, 70-3; policy of towards Christians, 75-80; organization of army of, 81-4; death of, and estimate of his character, 109; extent of emirate of, 301-2.

Orsova, 215.

Orthodox Christians, animosity against Catholics and unwillingness for reunion of Churches, 128, 132-4, 141, 194.

---- Church, loses hold on Levantine Christians, 49; oppresses Bulgarians, 195-6.

Orthography, oriental, 5-6.

Osman, birth of, 22; conversion, marriage, and dream of, 23-9; principality of, in 1300, 32; first battle with Byzantines, 34; conquests of, from Byzantines, 45-9; legends concerning power and character of, 50-2, 263-76; reincarnation of early khalifs, 52; elected as chief of tribe, 55; army of, 81; parentage of, 263-5, 267; relation of with Anatolian Turkish emirs, 17, 44-5, 273-4, 300-2; error of attributing coinage to, 51.

Osmandjik, 265, 291.

_Osmanli_, connotation of this word, 29, 50, 78, 80-1.

Osmanlis, originate on border of Bithynia, 19, 25, 28, 30-2; complete conquest of Bithynia, 62-4, 80; become a distinct race, 78-81; first invasion of Europe, 100; advance into Thrace, 101; conquer Thrace, 121-6, 149; conquer Bulgaria, 139, 143, 149, 160-1, 171-3, 193-6; conquer Macedonia, 144, 149, 158-9, 183; conquer Servia, 161-2, 173-8, 182; conquer Thessaly, 147, 228-30, 232; invade Albania, 147, 159-60, 183, 206, 243; invade Attika, 147, 186, 205; invade Bosnia, 147, 184; invade Hungary, 183-4, 191, 224; invade Wallachia, 192, 224; invade the Morea, 171, 228-30, 232; conquests of, in Greece, 171, 186, 228-30, 232; absorb Anatolian Turkish emirates, 66-9, 155-8, 185-7, 190-1, 274; invade Karamania, 165-7, 187-90, 290; besiege Constantinople, 198-9, 232-4, 236; naval raids of, 186, 205; first cross the Danube, 191-2; first cross the Vardar, 147; contemporary western misconception of their character, 216-17, 247; composite blood of, 115-17, 126; character of, 74-5; distinct from other Anatolian Turks, 19, 28, 31, 78-9, 115, 126, 217, 228, 283; tolerance of, 74, 81, 115, 179; rule of, preferred by Balkan Christians to that of Catholics, 133, 141, 194-5; not raiders, but colonists, 149, 186; not feared by Europe until they appeared in Thrace, 111.

Ottoman architecture, Byzantine influence in, 275-6.

---- army, organization of, 81-4; Christian elements in, 166, 173, 184, 187-8, 217, 252.

---- ceremonial of holding ambassadors’ arms in audience with Sultan, 178.

---- historians, unsatisfactory accounts of reign of Orkhan, 65.

---- history, lacks early sources, 17, 265.

---- legislation, beginning of, 71-3.

---- navy, beginning of, 186; weakness in reign of Bayezid, 205-6, 234, 237-8.

Palaeologos, Andronicus II, looks to Mongols and Catalans for aid against Turks, 35-7; bestows title of Caesar on Roger de Flor, 39; menaced by Mongols, Venice, and French princes, 41-2; civil strife with grandson, 48, 57-9; refuses to co-operate in crusade planned by Marino Sanudo, 49; seeks aid of papacy against Turks, 85.

----, Andronicus III, set upon by Turks on wedding journey, 48; captures Salonika, 58; deposes grandfather, 59; defeated by Osmanlis at Pelecanon, and abandons Nicaea, 59-61; invites aid of Anatolian emirs in siege of Phocaea, 65-6, 86; makes overtures to John XXII, 85; marries sister to Czar Michael of Bulgaria, 87; on death-bed entrusts empress and son and heir to care of Cantacuzenos, 91; assassinates brother, 181.

----, Andronicus IV, charged with suggesting to Bulgarians that they keep his father prisoner, 128; rebels against father, and is imprisoned, 149-51; escapes, imprisons father and brothers, and gives Tenedos to Genoese, 153; treaty with Genoese, 163.

----, John V (I), under guardianship of Cantacuzenos, 91; forced to marry daughter of Cantacuzenos, and to accept father-in-law as co-emperor, 94; exiled by Cantacuzenos to Tenedos, 99; returns from exile, and forces John and Matthew Cantacuzenos to abdicate, 103; at the mercy of Orkhan, 106-8; unpopularity of, with Byzantines, 115; treaties of, with Murad, 122, 128, 136; fails to send aid to Balkan crusaders at Maritza, 122; tries to get aid from Venetians against Osmanlis, 128; goes to Buda to seek aid from Louis of Hungary, and is made prisoner by Bulgarians, 128-9; release secured by Amadeo of Savoy, and promises to submit to Roman Church, 129-30; visits Rome, and becomes Catholic, 134-5; last desperate appeal to Pope, 137; war with Alexander of Bulgaria, 139; passes over Andronicus, and raises Manuel to imperial purple, 149; blinds son Andronicus at Murad’s command, 150; refuses to receive fugitive Manuel at Constantinople for fear of Murad, 152; gives Tenedos to Venetians, 153; aids Osmanlis to conquer Philadelphia, last Byzantine possession in Asia, 154, 197; treaty with Genoese, 152-3; ignominious death of, 198.

Palaeologus, John VII (II), rebels against grandfather and uncle, 197; co-operates with Osmanlis against Manuel, 199-200, 237-8, 243; becomes co-emperor with Manuel, 238-9; banished by Manuel to Lemnos, 259.

----, Manuel II (I), ransoms father from Venetian merchants, 135; serves in Ottoman army, 136, 149, 154, 187, 197; made co-emperor by father, 149; fails in conspiracy to drive Osmanlis from Serres, and has to seek pardon of Murad at Brusa, 151-2, 231; gives Bayezid privileges in Constantinople, 199; fails to enlist support of Pope and Western princes, 200, 206, 233, 239; marries son to Russian princess, 232; receives aid from Boucicaut, 236-9; accepts John VII as co-emperor, 238; unsuccessful visit to Europe, 240-3; expels Osmanlis from Constantinople, and offers to become vassal of Timur, 259; appeals to Rome and Venice for aid against Timur, 260.

----, Michael IX, unsuccessfully opposes Turks in Anatolia, 35; at Adrianople, 39; flees before Turks of Halil, 40.

----, Theodore, serves in Ottoman army, 149; imprisoned by Andronicus IV, 153; summoned, as ruler of the Morea, to do homage to Bayezid at Serres, 171, 200, 229; invites Osmanlis to enter the Morea to aid him against Frankish lords, 228; defeated by Osmanlis at Megalopolis, 230; tries to dissuade Manuel from trip to western Europe, 240.

Palatchia, 286, 294-5.

Papacy, and Eastern crusades, 41, 85; invited to intervene to save Constantinople from Osmanlis, 95; tries to raise crusades against Osmanlis, 122, 129, 132, 136-8, 141, 153, 201-2, 235-6, 241; consistently denounces traffic of Italian republics with Moslems, 154. (_See also under_ Popes.)

_Pasha_, origin of this title, 71-2.

Pergama, 284, 286, 291, 294.

Petrarch, hatred of schismatics, 133.

Philadelphia, 13, 34, 105, 154, 296, 299.

Philippe d’Artois, 212, 217-18, 223, 225.

---- de Bourgogne, 202, 209-10, 212, 218, 226, 236, 242.

---- le Bel, plans to retake Constantinople, 41-2; aids in conquest of Rhodes, 44.

Philippopolis, 114, 122, 139, 161-2, 231.

Phocaea, Byzantines and Anatolian emirs besiege, 66, 283, 296; John Palaeologus attacks at command of Orkhan, 107-8; not dependent upon Osmanlis, 299.

Plochnik, battle of, 169.

Popes: Gregory X, 164. Boniface VIII, 164. Clement V, 41-2, 44. John XXII, 85. Clement VI, 95. Urban V, 122, 129-32, 134-6, 141, 164. Gregory XI, 136-8, 153, 164. Urban VI, 201. Boniface XI, 201-2, 235, 262. Benedict XIII, 202, 235-6, 241.

Popova Shapkah, 143.

Prilep, 158.

Princes’ Islands, 35.

Pristina, 92, 144.

Ragusa, first Christian state to make tributary treaty with Osmanlis, 127.

_Raïa_, meaning of the word, 77.

Rhodes, 43-4, 186, 205; grand master of, at Nicopolis, 219, 221; chevaliers of (_see_ Saint John, Knights of).

Rhodope Mountains, 140, 143, 147.

Rilo, monastery of, 195.

Riva, 237.

Rodosto, 65, 101.

Rumeli Hissar, 234.

Rustchuk, 172.

Saint John, Knights of, conquer Rhodes, 43; resist Turks, 44, 283; capture Smyrna, 85, 283; conspire with Pope to seize the Morea, 240; lose Smyrna to Timur, 258; relations with Cyprus and Anatolian emirates, 285-6, 295, 297, 299-300.

---- Sophia, mosque of, 60, 93, 94, 102, 154, 233.

Salona, duchy of, conquered by Bayezid, 229-30.

Salonika, 40, 58, 65, 79, 92, 98, 100, 121, 145, 181, 231.

Samakov, battle of, 142-3, 160.

Samarkand, 244, 251, 256, 260.

Samsun, 191, 196, 291.

Sangarius, 11, 12, 32, 38, 45, 302.

Sarukhan, 65, 86, 158, 185-6, 191, 228, 259, 283, 291, 295-6.

Savoy, origin of armies of, 44. (_See also_ Amadeo and Anna.)

Savra, battle of, 159.

Scutari (in Albania), 160.

Scutari (on the Bosphorus), 60, 64, 94, 108, 234.

Seljuk architecture, influence upon Ottoman, 275-6.

Seljuks, invasions of Asia Minor, 15-16; changes of religion, 26.

---- of Rum, contest Asia Minor with Byzantines, 13; relations with Osmanlis, 20-2, 32, 268-76; subject to Mongols, 270-2; end of dynasty, 297.

Serbian Church, autocephalous, 144-5.

---- empire of Stephen Dushan, 86-90.

Serbians, illusions of, concerning their fourteenth-century empire, 86, 90, 175, 201; first enter Macedonia to help Byzantines against Turks, 41; aid Andronicus II against his grandson, 58; conflict with Orthodox Church, 89-90, 144-5; refuse to aid Byzantines against Osmanlis, 102; defeated by Osmanlis at Maritza, 122-4; anarchy among chieftains of, in Macedonia, 144; defeated by Osmanlis at Cernomen, and lose Macedonia, 145-8; become subject to Osmanlis, 160-2; help Murad in Karamanian campaign, and are punished for looting, 167; form league against Murad, and are defeated at Kossova, 168-78; treachery of their nobles, 173; cast fortunes definitely with Osmanlis, 182-3; aid Bayezid in Karamanian campaign, 188; last of Dushan’s following disappear in Macedonia, 201; fidelity of, to Bayezid at Nicopolis, 220; fight in Ottoman army at Angora, 252.

Serres, 58, 144, 147, 152, 158, 161, 200, 229.

Shah-Rokh, son of Timur, 255, 258.

Shehabeddin, 69, 277-80.

Shuman, 172.

Sigismund, first invasion of Bulgaria, 188, 193-5; becomes king of Hungary, and sends threat to Bayezid, 193; tries to get support of Italian republics against Bayezid, 205-7; leads Nicopolis crusade, 210-24; boastfulness of, before Nicopolis, 216; flees from battle-field, 220-1; character of, 193, 222.

Silistria, 196.

Silivria, 237.

Sinope, 191, 291-2, 296, 297.

Sis, 282.

Sisman, John, 128, 140-3, 170, 172-3, 194-6.

Sivas, 190, 270, 272, 274, 287, 297, 300; destruction of, by Timur, 243, 245-8.

Slavery, Greek abhorrence of, 116; connivance of Italian republics in, 165.

Smyrna, 11, 79, 85, 185, 258-60, 270, 283, 286, 299-300.

Sofia, 142, 158, 160-2, 172, 231.

Soleiman pasha, son of Orkhan, 100-1, 105, 108, 111.

Soleiman Shah, grandfather of Osman, 20, 266.

---- tchelebi, son of Bayezid, 195, 245-8, 252-3, 257-61.

South Slavs, character of, 170.

Sozopolis, 129, 142.

Stambul, origin of name, 199.

Stephen Lazarevitch, kral of Serbia, vassal and brother-in-law of Bayezid, 182-3; fights for Osmanlis at Nicopolis, 220; and at Angora, 253.

Stracimir, 140-1.

Sugut, 12, 22, 25, 33, 63, 115, 285.

Taharten, emir of Erzindjian, 246.

Tarsus, 24, 216, 298.

Taurus Mountains, 24, 125, 187, 289, 298, 300-2.

Tchataldja, 115.

Tchorlu, 105, 112, 162.

Tekke, emirate of, 158, 165-6, 186-7, 285, 289, 297-8.

Tenedos, importance of, to control Dardanelles, 152; struggle of Venice and Genoa for, 152-5; John VII Palaeologus banished to, 236.

Thessaly, Ottoman conquest of, 147, 228-30.

Thingizlu, 69.

Thomas, despot of Janina, 159.

Timur, origin of name, and conquests of, 244; charges against Bayezid, 190, 245-6; destroys Sivas, 247-8; makes overtures to Occidental princes, 249; invades Asia Minor, and crushes Bayezid at Angora, 250-4; degrades Bayezid and Despina, 255-6; pushes to Aegaean Sea, and captures Smyrna, 257-60; death of, 260; infirmity of, 244; lacked constructive policy in conquests, 257, 260-1; restores Anatolian emirs deposed by Bayezid, 257, 259, 283, 288, 290, 292-3, 294.

Timurtash, 142, 158, 166, 187, 188-9, 254.

Tirnovo, 140, 142, 172, 194-6.

Tokat, 190, 250, 287, 298.

Trebizond, 13, 162, 270, 280, 288, 291, 293, 297, 299.

_Tughra_, origin of, 127.

Turin, treaty of, 155.

Turk, connotation of word in Ottoman Empire, 78-81, 228; lacks family ties and family name, 267.

Turkey, connotation of word in fourteenth century, 107.

Turkish chieftainship elective rather than hereditary, 54, 276.

---- raids in Aegaean Sea, Macedonia and Thrace, 36-40, 65, 84, 185-6, 261, 283.

---- emirates of Asia Minor stronger than Osmanlis, 30, 274, 290, 301-2.

---- refugees from Thrace in 1912, 16.

---- women not veiled in fourteenth century, 157.

Turks, character of Anatolian, 15.

Tvrtko, kral of Bosnia, 168-70, 178, 183-4, 201.

Ulubad, 68, 298.

Uskub, 88, 174, 183.

Valona, 159.

Varna, 129, 172.

Venetians, interfere in Byzantine dynastic quarrels, 35; invited by Clement V to co-operate in reconquest of Byzantine Empire, 42; menaced in Aegaean by Turks, 84; relations with Stephen Dushan, 88-90; wars with Genoese, 96-7, 152-5, 262; urged by fellow countrymen to oppose Orkhan, 107; fail to protect Byzantines against Murad, 128; detain John Palaeologus because of debts, 135; refuse to contribute seriously to crusade against Osmanlis, 137; struggle with Genoa for Tenedos, 152-5; sapped by prosperity, 163; make commercial treaty with Murad, 164; opposition to Hungarians, 169; indifference to Murad’s conquests, 170; refuse to buy Lemnos from Byzantines, 200; fail to aid in Nicopolis crusade, 203-7; in Athens and Salonika, 230-1; prefer to curry favour with Bayezid rather than defend Constantinople, 233; reception of Manuel Palaeologus and their pacifist policy, 240; alarm over appearance of Osmanlis on Adriatic, 243; help Ottoman army tocross to Europe after Angora, 261; at Palatchia, 294-5.

Visconti, Giovanni Galeazzo, 131, 210, 236, 240.

Viza, 139.

Vukasin, 145-6, 159, 173.

Wallachia, Ottoman invasions of, 192, 224.

Wallachians, aid Bulgarians against Hungarians, 141; aid Osmanlis against Hungarians, 192; worth of, as soldiers, 192; aid Osmanlis in Bulgaria, 193; withdraw during battle of Nicopolis, 221; successfully resist Ottoman invasion after Nicopolis, 225.

Wenceslaus, 210, 235.

Western Europe, inability to understand Eastern Europe, 132-3.

White Sheep, dynasty of, 190, 245.

Widin, 140, 141, 142, 196, 215.

Yakub, killed by brother Bayezid after Kossova, 180.

Yakub, general of Bayezid, 230.

Yamboli, 140, 142.

Yeni Sheïr, 28, 32, 34, 258, 275.

Printed in England at the Oxford University Press

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The Keraites, a tribe of large numbers, established on the frontier of China, were Christians in the early times: Resheddin, Quatremère edition, i. 93. The Council of Lyons sent missionaries to Mongols in the reign of Innocent IV, 1245. For account of missions to Mongols in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries see Howorth, i. 68 f., 189-92; ii. 183 _n._; iii. 72-5, 278-81, 348-55, 576-80: also documents of the Ming period, trans. by Hirth, p. 65.

[2] I have witnessed a similar migration, when the Bulgarians broke into Thrace in October 1912. The progress of the fleeing Turks, even on the plains, was painfully slow, and the mortality was frightful.

[3] Neshri (Nöldeke’s translation), in _Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft_, xiii. 190.

[4] Seadeddin, _Casa Ottomana_ (Bratutti trans.), i. 6.

[5] Neshri, xiii. 190.

[6] See Appendix B for these emirates.

[7] There is a collection of State papers in Persian, Arabic and Turkish, Feridun (Bibl. Nat., Paris, MS. turc, 79), which contains some letters and decrees of the earliest sultans, but there is no proof of the authenticity of these documents.

[8] Neshri and Idris, end fifteenth century; Seadeddin, end sixteenth century; Hadji Khalfa, seventeenth century. See Bibliography.

[9] In the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, I have examined, as far as I know, all the books concerning Turkey printed before 1600. See list in Bibliography.

[10] Jorga, _Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches_ (in the _Geschichte der europaïschen Staaten_), published 1908-13, preface and i. 152-3.

[11] Up to the death of Ertogrul (1288), I follow Neshri, _ZDMG._, xiii. 188-98, unless otherwise specified. Direct quotation is indicated by quotation marks.

[12] A.D. 1219. Evliya effendi, i. 27, gives A.H. 600; Seadeddin and Hadji Khalfa, A.H. 619; Drechsler, _Chron. Saracenorum_, A.H. 610.

[13] Or Kharesm? Schéfer, in preface to his translation of Riza Kouly’s embassy to Kharesm, _Bibl. de l’École des langues viv. orientales_, 1re série, vol. iii., says that Kharesm in part was identical with Khorassan. But Shehabeddin, trans. by Quatremère in _Notices et Extraits_, xiii. 289, declares that Kharesm is a country distinct from Khorassan. Hadji Khalfa, _Djihannuma_, MS. fr., Bibl. Nat., Paris, nouv. ac., no. 888, p. 815, supports this opinion. The very fact that these writers are so careful to make this assertion shows, however, that there was much confusion as to these terms. According to Vambéry, Kharesm is still in Djagatai Turkish, the diplomatical and political name for the modern Khanate of Khiva. Howorth, _History of Mongols_,