Category: Science - Biology

The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms With Observations on Their Habits

HABITS OF WORMS. Nature of the sites inhabited—Can live long under 7–15 water—Nocturnal—Wander about at night—Often lie close to the mouths of their burrows, and are thus destroyed in large numbers by birds—Structure—Do not possess eyes, but can distinguish between light and d...

Chapters

9. CHAPTER II.

Manner in which worms seize objects—Their power of suction—The instinct of plugging up the mouths of their burrows—Stones piled over the burrows—The advantages thus gained—Intel...

12. CHAPTER IV.

The accumulation of rubbish on the sites of great cities independent of the action of worms—The burial of a Roman villa at Abinger—The floors and walls penetrated by worms—Subsi...

8. CHAPTER I.

Nature of the sites inhabited—Can live long under water—Nocturnal—Wander about at night—Often lie close to the mouths of their burrows, and are thus destroyed in large numbers b...

14. CHAPTER VI.

Denudation aided by recently ejected castings flowing down inclined grass-covered surfaces—The amount of earth which annually flows downwards—The effect of tropical rain on worm...

13. CHAPTER V.

Evidence of the amount of denudation which the land has undergone—Sub-aerial denudation—The deposition of dust—Vegetable mould, its dark colour and fine texture largely due to t...

11. part 7 inches in thickness. This evidently consisted of worm-castings,

several of which had been recently ejected. The whole stone had sunk in the thirty-five years, as far as I could judge, about 1½ inch; and this must have been due to the brick-r...

10. CHAPTER III.

Rate at which various objects strewed on the surface of grass-fields are covered up by the castings of worms—The burial of a paved path—The slow subsidence of great stones left...

15. CHAPTER VII.

Summary of the part which worms have played in the history of the world—Their aid in the disintegration of rocks—In the denudation of the land—In the preservation of ancient rem...

7. CHAPTER VII.

CONCLUSION. Summary of the part which worms have played in the 280–288 history of the world—Their aid in the disintegration of rocks—In the denudation of the land—In the preserv...

16. Part II., 1867, p. 278. Also J. W. Grover, ‘Journal of the British Arch.

{212} A. Tylor “On changes of the sea-level,” &c., ‘ Philosophical Mag.’ (Ser. 4th) vol. v., 1853, p. 258. Archibald Geikie, Transactions Geolog. Soc. of Glasgow, vol. iii., p....

2. CHAPTER II.

HABITS OF WORMS—_continued_. Manner in which worms seize objects—Their power of 52–120 suction—The instinct of plugging up the mouths of their burrows—Stones piled over the burr...

1. CHAPTER I.

HABITS OF WORMS. Nature of the sites inhabited—Can live long under 7–15 water—Nocturnal—Wander about at night—Often lie close to the mouths of their burrows, and are thus destro...

5. CHAPTER V.

THE ACTION OF WORMS IN THE DENUDATION OF THE LAND. Evidence of the amount of denudation which the land has 209–236 undergone—Sub-aerial denudation—The deposition of dust—Vegetab...

4. CHAPTER IV.

THE PART WHICH WORMS HAVE PLAYED IN THE BURIAL OF ANCIENT BUILDINGS. The accumulation of rubbish on the sites of great 164–208 cities independent of the action of worms—The buri...

6. CHAPTER VI.

THE DENUDATION OF THE LAND—_continued_. Denudation aided by recently ejected castings flowing 237–279 down inclined grass-covered surfaces—The amount of earth which annually flo...

3. CHAPTER III.

THE AMOUNT OF FINE EARTH BROUGHT UP BY WORMS TO THE SURFACE. Rate at which various objects strewed on the surface of 121–163 grass-fields are covered up by the castings of worms...