Part 2

The specimens from which our illustration was made were collected by Mr. T. P. Stokoe in the Klein River Mountains at Sinkerhausgat, near Standford, in the Caledon Division. Mr. Stokoe has made some interesting discoveries in this region, amongst which was this new _Leucadendron_ which he forwarded to the Division of Botany in September, 1918. It is quite distinct from any other species of _Leucadendron_, inasmuch as the male inflorescence is surrounded by large bracts giving it the appearance of a _Protea_.

DESCRIPTION:--_Branches_ and branchlets glabrous. _Leaves_ 7-8·5 cm. long, 1-2·1 cm. broad, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, bluntly mucronate, slightly narrowed at the base, glabrous, very finely glandular when seen under a lens; leaves surrounding the inflorescence longer. _Male inflorescence_ hidden by the upper leaves and quite surrounded by brown bracts, shortly peduncled, 2 cm. long, 2·5 cm. in diameter; the inner bracts 1·1 cm. long, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, viscid, longer or as long as the inflorescence; the outer situated on the short peduncle, viscid and reflexed; receptacle 7 mm. long, 8 mm. broad, subglobose. _Floral bracts_ 1 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, subacute, villous at the base. _Perianth_ 2 mm. long, glabrous. _Stigma_ clavate, much thicker than the style. _Female inflorescence_ hidden by the upper leaves, very shortly stalked, 2·5 cm. long, 1·7 cm. broad, the short peduncle bearing brown reflexed bracts; receptacle 1·6 cm. long, 3 mm. broad, cylindrical. _Floral bracts_ 6 mm. long, 1·1 cm. broad, transversely oblong, villous above. _Fruiting head_ 3·5-4 cm. long, 3·5 cm. in diameter; scales 1·5 cm. long, 1·2 cm. broad, suborbicular, slightly narrowed at the base, tomentose without, except near the apex. _Fruits_ 7 mm. long, 6 mm. broad, obovate in outline, flat on one side, convex on the other, honeycombed, with a narrow membranous wing.

* * * * *

PLATE 7.--Fig. 1, male inflorescence; Fig. 2, longitudinal section of male inflorescence.

PLATE 8.--Fig. 1, young female inflorescence; Fig. 2, longitudinal section of female inflorescence; Fig. 3, fruiting head; Fig. 4, floral bract × 4; Fig. 5, fruit × 4.

F.P.S.A., 1920.

PLATE 9.

TULBAGHIA VIOLACEA.

_Cape Province, Natal._

* * * * *

LILIACEAE. Tribe ALLIEAE.

TULBAGHIA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. 798.

* * * * *

=Tulbaghia violacea=, _Harv. Bot. Mag. t. 3555. Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. 407.

* * * * *

This beautiful little _Tulbaghia_ has a special interest attached to it, inasmuch as it flowered in Baron von Ludwig’s garden at the Cape of Good Hope, and was there illustrated and described by Harvey, who sent his description and drawing to the _Botanical Magazine_ for publication. In this respect it differs from most of the other Cape plants, which were described and figured from specimens grown in Europe.

The present illustration was made from specimens cultivated at the Botanic Gardens, Durban, Natal, from tubers presented by Mrs. Todd of Pietermaritzburg. Notwithstanding the unpleasant odour of garlic, the species is worth cultivation. It is commonly known as the “Wild Garlic.”

DESCRIPTION:--_Rootstock_ tuberous. _Leaves_ crowded; basal leaves rudimentary and membranous; upper leaves 6-10, erect, 20-30 cm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, linear, acute, glabrous, concave on the upper surface, rounded beneath. _Peduncles_ erect, 30-60 cm. long, terete. _Inflorescence_ a 10-20-flowered umbel. _Spathe-valves_ 2-2·5 cm. long, 5 mm. broad at the base, ovate-linear, acuminate, acute, membranous. _Pedicles_ 2·5-4 cm. long, terete. _Flowers_ pale ampare-purple to light haryense-violet (R.C.S.). _Perianth-tube_ 1·1-1·5 cm. long, 4 mm. in diameter, cylindrical, slightly inflated at the base; lobes 1-1·1 cm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, elliptic or lanceolate, acute or obtuse. _Corona-lobes_ 3, 1·5 mm. long, opposite the inner segments. _Stamens_ subsessile, in 2 whorls about halfway down the perianth-tube; anthers sub-globose. _Ovary_ sessile, sub-globose; style 2 mm. long, thick; stigma capitate.

* * * * *

PLATE 9.--Fig. 1, perianth laid open to show corona lobes and stamens × 1½.

F.P.S.A., 1920.

PLATE 10.

RICHARDIA ANGUSTILOBA.

_Transvaal, Basutoland._

* * * * *

AROIDEAE. Tribe PHILODENDREAE.

RICHARDIA, _Kunth._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 982.

* * * * *

=Richardia angustiloba=, _Schott in Journ. Bot._ 1865, 35; _Fl. Cap._ vii. 37.

* * * * *

The specimen figured was first mentioned in the _Gardener’s Chronicle_, 1892, as _Calla Pentlandii_, and two years later in the same publication was again brought to notice as _Richardia Pentlandii_, under which name it was described and figured in the _Botanical Magazine_. Mr. N. E. Brown, who monographed the genus for the _Flora Capensis_, considers it the same as _Richardia angustiloba_ which was described as early as 1865. It was introduced into cultivation by Mr. R. Whyte, Pentland House, Lee, who raised flowers in 1892, and exhibited it at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society and was awarded a first-class certificate.

Specimens of the tubers were taken to Kew by Mr. E. E. Galpin in May, 1892.

Our present illustration was made from plants flowered by Mr. H. H. Wickens, Officer in Charge of the Union Buildings Garden, Pretoria.

DESCRIPTION:--_Leaves_ dark green, unspotted; petiole 30-60 cm. long, terete, glabrous; lamina 22-30 cm. long, 11 cm. broad at the widest part, ovate, acute, and produced into a filiform appendage at the apex 1·2 cm. long, sagittate at the base, glabrous, with the midrib prominent beneath and channelled above. _Peduncle_ over 1 metre high, longer than the leaves, terete, glabrous. _Spathe_ gamboge-yellow, dark purple at the base inside, 10-14 cm. long, 4-4·5 cm. broad across the middle, 7-10 cm. across the mouth, loosely convolute for two-thirds of its length, then expanding into a broad, nearly horizontal limb produced into a subulate tip 1·5 cm. long and with recurved margins. _Spadix_ yellow, 4·5 cm. long, cylindrical. _Ovaries_ with subsessile stigmas, pale greenish-white. _Staminodia_ none; anthers yellow. _Calla Pentlandii_, _Gard. Chron._ 1892, p. 124; _Richardia Pentlandii_, _Gard. Chron._ 1894, p. 590; _Bot. Mag._ t. 7397.

* * * * *

PLATE 10.--Fig. 1, plant much reduced; Fig. 2, spathe removed to show the spadix.

F.P.S.A., 1920.

PLATE 11.

FREESIA SPARRMANNII _var._ FLAVA.

_Cape Province._

* * * * *

IRIDACEAE. Tribe IXIEAE.

FREESIA, _Klatt_; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 704.

* * * * *

=Freesia Sparrmannii=, _N.E. Br._ var. =flava=, _N.E. Br._

_Gladiolus_ Sparrmanni, _Thunb. in Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handlingar_, 1814, p. 189, t. 9A, and _Fl. Cap. ed Schultes_, p. 49.

* * * * *

According to the _Flora Capensis_ the only species in the genus _Freesia_ is _F. refracta_, Klatt, which is a native of the eastern districts of Albany, Bathurst, etc., and is characterised by having (among other characters) the slender lower part of the perianth-tube shorter than the upper broader part and not more than twice as long as the bracts. But there are at least three other species found in other regions that distinctly differ in habit or in the tube of the flower or in both. One of them collected by Burchell in Bechuanaland and at present undescribed, has a very long tube. Another is a plant found in the coast districts of Swellendam, Riversdale, Ladismith, etc., figured and described by Thunberg under the name of _Gladiolus Sparrmanni_, upon which I found the species _Freesia Sparrmannii_. The reference to this figure is omitted by Schultes in his edition of Thunberg’s _Fl. Cap._, and is not quoted by Baker, but it accurately agrees with the plant Zeyher collected along the Buffeljagts River in Swellendam Division and distributed under No. 4027. It conspicuously differs from _F. refracta_ by the very much longer slender part to the perianth tube, and although Thunberg’s plant and that collected by Zeyher have purplish-tinted flowers, I place the plant here figured as a yellow variety of it, because I find that the late P. MacOwan, in a letter preserved at Kew, gives the following particulars concerning this species, which he also considers distinct from _F. refracta_. He writes: “All along the coast from Cape Point towards Agulhas, notably near Mossel Bay, the other _Freesia_ grows wild. I have never seen it in my Eastern Province peregrinations.... Its colour varies very much, from pale golden daffodil tint to pure white, and is either with or without purplish stains on the outside of the perianth-segments. Here, at the Hort. C.B.S., we paid much attention to this lovely bulb, grew it year after year, roguing out all the yellow and purple-stained individuals and sowing the whitest. This is the ‘_Freesia refracta alba_’ of gardens.”

This note gives the origin of _F. refracta_ var. _alba_, Baker, _Handb. Irid._ p. 167, which should now be called _F. Sparrmannii_ var. _alba_, for it certainly is not the same as the true _F. refracta_, and Thunberg’s original name must be upheld.

The plant here figured is doubtless the pale golden form mentioned by MacOwan, and it differs from the yellow-flowered _F. xanthospila_ by the very long slender part of its perianth-tube.--N. E. BROWN.

Our illustration was made from specimens grown in the Gardens of the Division of Botany from bulbs presented by Mr. J. Shand, of Ladismith, Cape Province.

DESCRIPTION:--_Corm_ about 4 cm. long, 3 cm. in diameter, produced into a short neck and densely covered with fibres. _Leaves_ basal, 6-8 cm. long, ·5-1 cm. broad, acute, somewhat sheathing at the base, glabrous. _Peduncle_ 9·5 cm. long, with the upper portion bent at a right angle. _Spathe-valves_ 1 cm. long, ovate, subacuminate, acute, membranous in the upper portion. _Perianth-tube_ 5·2 cm. long, 1·2 cm. in diameter above, campanulate in the upper portion and becoming slenderly tubular in the lower half, yellow; lobes 1·2 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, ovate-oblong, or subrotund, rounded above, yellow. _Style_ 5-6 cm. long, filiform, 6-lobed; lobes 5 mm. long, linear, somewhat spathulate at the apex.--E. PERCY PHILLIPS.

* * * * *

PLATE 11.--Fig. 1, anther; Fig. 2, style arms.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

PLATE 12.

CRASSULA FALCATA.

_Cape Province._

* * * * *

CRASSULACEAE.

CRASSULA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 657.

* * * * *

=Crassula falcata=, _Wendland, Bot. Beobachtungen_, p. 44 (1798), _Willd. Enum._ p. 341 (1809); _Fl. Cap._ vol. ii. p. 338.

* * * * *

Among rock plants there are few which equal this fine _Crassula_ for brilliant colouring. It is easy to propagate and flowers freely. The species is common in the Eastern Province, and is found in flower during the month of June. The specimen from which our illustration is made was collected by Mr. P. J. Pienaar at Grahamstown and flowered in the Gardens of the Division of Botany.

DESCRIPTION:--_Stem_ succulent, 30-55 cm. high, simple. _Leaves_ connate at the base, fleshy, 6-9 cm. long, 1·5-2·5 cm. broad, decreasing in size upwards, obliquely falcate, obtuse, glaucous. _Peduncle_ reddish in colour. _Inflorescence_ a dense trichotomous cyme. _Calyx-lobes_ 3 mm. long, ovate or oblong, obtuse, canescent. _Petals_ 1 cm. long, connate at the base; lobes linear-lanceolate, subobtuse. _Stamens_ nearly as long as the petals. _Styles_ 5, subulate. _Squamae_ minute.

* * * * *

PLATE 12.--Fig. 1, carpels and squamae × 5.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

PLATE 13.

CLIVIA MINIATA.

_Natal._

* * * * *

AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe AMARYLLEAE.

CLIVIA, _Lindl._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 729.

* * * * *

=Clivia miniata=, _Regel, Gartenflora_♀, 1864, p. 131, t. 434; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 229.

_Imantophyllum_ (?) _miniatum, Hook. Bot. Mag._ t. 4783.

* * * * *

This species, indigenous to Natal, represents only one of many of our native plants, which have been brought to the notice of horticulturists by English Nurserymen. A living plant was exhibited at a meeting of the Horticultural Society in February 1854 by Messrs. Backhouse, who imported the plant from Natal. The specimen from which our illustration was made was collected by Miss K. A. Lansdell at Ifafa on the South Coast of Natal. The species is a shade lover, and is usually found flowering in the shelter of rocks and trees. The size and number of the flowers have been much improved by cultivation, and several hybrids have been raised from the species. The flowers may vary in colour from a red to a yellowish-red.

DESCRIPTION:--_Rootstock_ a fleshy rhizome, 1·5-2 cm. in diameter, with numerous fleshy cylindrical roots. _Leaves_ many, 40-50 cm. long, 5-6·5 cm. broad, strap-shaped, acute, slightly narrowed at the base, the leaf bases forming a distinct swelling just above the rhizome, glabrous, bright green. _Peduncles_ shorter than the leaves, compressed, sharply 2-edged. _Inflorescence_ a 12-20-flowered umbel. _Spathe-valves_ 4 cm. long, 7-8 mm. broad, ovate-oblong, membranous. _Floral bracts_ 2·5 cm. long, linear. _Flowers_ erect. _Perianth_ divided almost to the base; tube about 5 mm. long; segments 5-7 cm. long; the inner 1·1 om. and the outer 1·8-2·1 cm. broad at the widest part, oblanceolate; the inner emarginate; the outer minutely thickened at the apex; all obtuse, gradually narrowed to a claw; bright red, with white margins at the lower half. _Stamens_ included; filaments compressed; anthers linear, versatile. _Ovary_ 5-6 mm. long; ellipsoid, bluntly 3-angled; style slender, as long as the perianth; stigma trifid, sometimes bifid. _Fruit_ a bright red berry, globose, 1·5 cm. in diameter. _Seeds_ 1 or few, subglobose.

* * * * *

PLATE 13.--Fig. 1, section of peduncle; Fig. 2, bract; Fig. 3, transverse section of ovary; Fig. 4, style and stigmas; Fig. 5, fruit.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

PLATE 14.

GARDENIA GLOBOSA.

_Cape Province, Natal._

* * * * *

RUBIACEAE. Tribe GARDENIEAE.

GARDENIA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 89.

* * * * *

=Gardenia globosa=, _Hochst. in Flora_, 1842, p. 237; _Bot. Mag._ t. 4791; _Harv. Thes. Cap._ p. 4, t. 5; _Fl. Cap._ vol. iii. p. 5; _Wood, Natal Plants_, vol. iv. t. 376.

* * * * *

This handsome plant is a shrub or sometimes becomes a small tree, and is without doubt one of our finest native flowering shrubs. It is common in Natal, where it flowers in early spring and summer. The large fragrant bell-shaped flowers are produced in great profusion and give to the plant a very striking appearance. The species has been known to European cultivation for over sixty years, but is usually grown in the greenhouse. It is frequently seen in gardens in Durban, Natal, and specimens have been grown in Queens Park, East London, but the plant has not received the attention from South African horticulturists which it deserves.

Our illustration was made from specimens collected by Miss K. A. Lansdell in the Stella bush near Durban, Natal. The native name is “Isi-Qoba.”

DESCRIPTION:--A _shrub_ or small tree. _Branches_ with dark-coloured bark, glabrous. _Leaves_ opposite; petioles 3-5 mm. long; blade 5-15 cm. long, 2-3·5 cm. broad, lanceolate or sometimes oblanceolate, obtuse or acute, gradually tapering to the base, entire, with a prominent reddish mid-rib beneath, glabrous; stipules about one-third of the length of the petiole, ovate, acuminate, minutely pubescent, soon deciduous. _Flowers_ terminal, axillary or clustered. _Pedicels_ 1-2 mm. long, minutely pubescent. _Calyx_ 3-4 mm. long, minutely pubescent and glandular without, silky within; tube campanulate; lobes acute. _Corolla_ white, usually with 5 faint pink lines within, which may become darker near the base and broader on the lobes, sometimes spotted; tube 2-5 cm. long, 1-8 cm. in diameter above, campanulate, suddenly constricted and narrowed above the calyx, minutely pubescent without, densely tomentose within; lobes spreading, half as long as the tube. _Anthers_ linear. _Ovary_ 1-celled, with numerous ovules; stigmas white or pink. _Fruit_ a brown berry, crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes, many seeded. _Seeds_ minute, immersed in the fleshy parietal placentas.

PLATE 14.--Fig. 1, style arms; Fig. 2, fruit.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

PLATE 15.

RICHARDIA REHMANNI.

_Natal, Transvaal, Swaziland._

* * * * *

AROIDEAE. Tribe PHILODENDREAE.

RICHARDIA, _Kunth_; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 982.

* * * * *

=Richardia Rehmanni=, _N.E. Br. in Gard. Chron._ 1888, vol. iv. p. 570; _Bot. Mag._ t. 7436; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vii. p. 36; _Wood, Natal Plants_, vol. vi. t. 512.

* * * * *

This species was first collected by the traveller Rehmann and described by Engler in 1883 as _Zantedeschia Rehmanni_. Among English horticulturists the plant attracted a lot of attention, and was several times referred to in the _Gardener’s Chronicle_. The chief attraction to cultivators is the deep red colour of the spathes, but when grown in English gardens and also in its native climate, the colour varies considerably. Dr. Medley Wood notes that at the Natal Herbarium, Durban, the original deep red colour returned to the plants after being cultivated fifteen years. This loss of colour, however, does not appear to be constant among plants which flowered for the first time at the Division of Botany Gardens, Pretoria, from tubers which were sent by S. G. Marwick, Esq., Assistant Commissioner, Hlatikulu, Swaziland. In these the colour ranged from pale pink to deep red. After fertilization, however, and during the formation of the fruits the colour gradually fades from the spathes and they become green. The species was introduced into England by Mr. R. W. Adlam of Natal, who sent tubers to the Cambridge Botanic Gardens. The leaves vary from a uniform green to green with white markings, or green with darker green markings.

Our illustration was made from specimens cultivated at the Natal Herbarium, Durban, Natal.

DESCRIPTION:--_Plant_ about 0·5 metre high. _Leaves_ 3-5, the lower reduced to mere sheaths; petiole 15-30 cm. long, deeply channelled down the face, rounded on the back, stem-clasping at the base; blade 40-60 cm. long, 6-8 cm. broad, lanceolate, acute, with a subulate point, narrowed at the base into the petiole, entire, with undulating margins, and the mid-rib prominent beneath, dark green, sometimes with white, sometimes with green markings, shining. _Peduncle_ shorter than the leaves, terete, glabrous, olive-green. _Spathe_ 10-15 cm. long, with a tube 4-5 cm. long and 1·8-2 cm. in diameter, with an ovate acuminate limb, varying in colour from almost white to a deep rose or aster purple (R.C.S.) in the upper portion, greenish-yellow below, without a dark blotch round the base of the spadix. _Spadix_ stout, with male flowers on the upper half and female flowers on the lower half. _Ovary_ glabrous; stigma sessile. _Fruit_ a berry. _Seeds_ subglobose.

* * * * *

PLATE 15.--Fig. 1, plant, reduced; Fig. 2, spadix; Fig. 3, ovary.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

PLATE 16.

ADENIUM MULTIFLORUM.

_Transvaal, Zululand, Portuguese East Africa._

* * * * *

APOCYNACEAE. Tribe ECHITIDEAE.

ADENIUM, _R. & S._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. 2, p. 722.

* * * * *

=Adenium multiflorum=, _Klotzch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot._ p. 279, t. xliv., _Fl. Cap._ vol. 4, sect. 1, p. 514.

* * * * *

The specimen from which our illustration was made is growing in the Gardens of the Division of Botany, Pretoria, and was presented by Mr. A. E. Antrobus, Cloud’s End, Louis Trichard, in the Zoutpansberg District. The flowers appeared in September before the leaves, which only made their appearance the following month. The species does very well on a rockery, and when it flowers is a very pleasing sight.

DESCRIPTION:--A plant with a very large tuber just below the ground-level and from which the branches spring. _Branches_ more or less succulent, glabrous. _Leaves_ appearing after the flowers, sub-sessile, 3·5-9 cm. long, 1·5-6·5 cm. broad, obovate, obtuse, narrowed to the base, dark green and very shiny above, pale green and dull beneath, with the mid-rib and lateral veins distinct above, the mid-rib alone prominent beneath. _Inflorescence_ cymose, up to 5-flowered, terminal. _Sepals_ lanceolate, pilose. _Corolla-tube_ about 3 cm. long, 1·2 cm. broad above, tubular below, pilose without and within on the broadened portion; lobes, 1·7-2·5 cm. long, about 1 cm. broad, elliptic-oblong, or obovate, shortly acuminate, acute, with crinkled edges, usually sparsely pubescent on the upper portion, pink, with dark red margins. _Anthers_ densely villous.

* * * * *

PLATE 16.--Fig. 1, plant, reduced; Fig. 2, leaf; Fig. 3, calyx; Fig. 4, stamen; Fig. 5, pistil.

F.P.S.A., 1921.

PLATE 17.

ALOE PIENAARII.

_Transvaal._

* * * * *

LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE.

ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776.

* * * * *

=Aloe Pienaarii=, _Pole Evans in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr._ vol. v. p. 27, t. vi. vii.

* * * * *

This species was first collected by Mr. P. J. Pienaar at Smit’s Drift, near Pietersburg, in January 1914, where it is very common on and around the isolated granite kopjes, though it also occurs in the open flat country. A number of plants were obtained for the gardens of the Union Buildings at Pretoria, where they have been established, and specimens are also growing in the Aloe collection at the Division of Botany Gardens, Pretoria. The species flowers from May to July.