Part 9

BUT in explaining the _Circular Motion_ of the _Animal Spirits_, we must consider it to be _twofold_; namely, _Natural_ and _Preternatural_: The _Natural Motion_ is that which begins in the _Carotide Arteries_, thence tending to the _Plexus Choroideus_, or the _anteriour Ventricles_ of the BRAIN; from _These_ to the _middle_; from the _middle_ to the _Posteriours_; and from the _posteriour Ventricles_ of the BRAIN, the _Spirits_ are imparted to the NERVES. The _Preternatural Motion_ is just the _Reverse_ of this Case.

THE _Causes_ of both these Cases and Conditions are either _immediate_ or _mediate_. The _immediate Causes_ may be reduced to _Three Classes_; to wit, _Causes_ of an _inordinate Motion_ of the Animal Spirits, _Causes_ of the _Circular Motions_, and _Causes_ of lost _Sense_, _Sight_, and _Motion_.

THE _Causes_ of the _Spirits_[64] moving inordinately, are either _External_ or _Internal_. The _Externals_ are the _Sun_, _Hot Baths_, _Frictions_, and _Concussions of the_ HEAD; or a _Fall_, _Blow_, _Contusion_, and all inordinate and immoderate _Motions_ of the whole Body: such as _Running_, _Leaping_, _Riding_, _Dancing_, too much _Venery_, or hard _Drinking_; as also the Use of _Acids_, or acrimonious Things, and all Things replenishing or stuffing the HEAD; such as _Garlick_, _Mustard_, _Anise_, _Parsley_, _Leeks_, _Onions_, _Radish_, strong _Snuffs_, _Drinks_, &c.

THE _internal immediate Causes_ are the _Imagination_ of the PATIENT, _Vapours_ of the whole Body, frigid _Flatulencies_, and[65]a sudden _Fluxion_ of the _vital Spirits_ into the HEAD.

THE _mediate Causes_ are _Material_; and this _Matter_[66] (almost all _Physicians_ agree) is _frigid_. From hence it is certain, that the _Distemper_ proceeds from _Crudities_, and _Victuals_ of a crude Juice; such as _Pulses_, _Cheese_, _Tarts_, _Fish_, and all _other Sorts_ of the like frigid and humid _Qualities_: But _these_ are only to be reckon’d _concurring_, not _efficient Causes_.

THE most common _material Cause_ is, according to _Galen_[67], the BILE; which, seeking for Vent at the _Mouth of the Stomach_, is the _Cause_ of these _Symptoms_, and is[68]properly to be educed or evacuated by a due _Vomit_.

BUT in Case of VAPOURS, _Heat_ is always the _efficient Cause_, elevating them from the peccant _Matter_; since a _Cold_, or a refrigerated _Body_, can never engender VAPOURS or _Wind_ from any Material Cause.

I shall not now enter upon the particular _Diagnosticks_ of this _Distemper_, because they are as _Various_, as the _Causes_, and affected _Places_ are different. Let me observe only, that the _simple_ VERTIGO is easily known by the _Imagination_ of the _Circular Motion_ of the _Patient’s_ HEAD, or That of _external Objects_, or by vitiated _Seeing_ and _Hearing_.

BUT the SCOTOMIA differs from the VERTIGO, in that besides the _Imagination_ of the _circular Motion_, the PATIENT often loses his _Sight_, staggers, tumbles, or falls to the Ground. And yet the _same_ is distinguished from the _Epilepsy_, in that the PATIENT retains his principal _Functions_, and neither _Foams_ at Mouth, nor is _Convulsive_.

HOWEVER, as to the _Distinction_ of Causes, if the _internal Cause_ proceeds from _Calidity_, it is known by the _hot Temperament_ of the whole Body, as well as by a _Swelling_ and _Pulsation_ of the ARTERIES about the _Throat_: Besides that this VERTIGO easily _accedes_ and _recedes_, it is always attended with _Calidity_ and _Redness_ of Face and Eyes; with _Watchings_, _Deliriums_, &c: And it commonly follows _Fevers_, _Watchings_, _Anger_, the _Use of Calids_, hot Things, _&c._ In which _Cases_, it is always to be helped by the _Use of Frigids_, or Coolers.

IF it arises from _frigid Flatulencies_, the _Paroxysms_ or Fits are preceded by a _Hissing_ or _Tingling_ in the EARS; the PATIENT turns _pale_ and _wan_, and is taken with an odd extensive _Pain_ of the HEAD: And if these _Flatulencies_ generate in the HEAD, the _Party_ feels it _ponderous_, _lumpish_, and _heavy_; and is consequently much inclin’d to _Sleep_, _Stupidity_, _Dullness_, and _Inactivity_.

IF the _Distemper_ is derived from a _flatulent Stomach_, the _PATIENT_ is troubled with _Rifting_ and _Rumbling_ of the Belly; with _Sobbing_ and _Sighing_, with _Hickups_, _Yawnings_, _Extensions_, _Inflations_, and frequent _Spittings_.

IF it comes from a _Mordacity_ of the _Mouth of the Stomach_, the _Party_ is infested with a _Nausea_, _Loathing_ and _Fastidy_; with a Dejection of _Appetite_, a lasting or frequent _Thirst_, and a _Bitterness_ of the Mouth. But this _Affection_ also very often proceeds from the WOMB, and that either because of the suppress’d _Menstrua_, or longretain’d _Seed_; as will hereafter more fully appear in _Sect._ ix. _Chap. 8_.

AS to the _Prognosticks_ of this _Distemper_, it does not always seem _Dangerous_, much less _Lethal_, at first; but its _Consequences_ are (however) very _Fatal_[69], if not timely prevented: For it often turns to _Inflammations_[70] of the HEAD, or _Convulsions_; sometimes to _Melancholy_ or _Madness_; and sometimes to _Epilepsies_ or _Apoplexies_.

NOW because this _Affection_ observes _Lunar Periods_, and in extreme Cases, is near a-kin to the _Falling-Sickness_;[71] _Cœlius Aurelianus_ informs us, That it was call’d by the _Ancients_ the _little Epilepsy_: And as it admits of _periodical Accessions_ and _Circulations_ (I mean coming and going _Fits_) which depend chiefly upon the Power and Influence of the _New_ and _Full-Moon_; so it is to be treated with respect to _Cure_, in a different manner; one way in the _Access_, another in the _Interval_.

BUT this _Cure_ is as different, as the Causes and Degrees of the _Distemper_ are various; wherefore I can, by no means, enter upon it in this place, for Brevity-sake.

CHAP. XIII. _Of the SYMPTOMS of the middle Three Months._

THE FOETUS having receiv’d a distinct FORM, constituted of various _Organical Members_, and produced of divers _substantial Matters_, takes a various _Situation_; the different _Members_ possessing different _Places_, according to the _Institution of NATURE_.

AFTER an absolute and compleat _Conformation_ of ORGANS, the rational _Soul_ is infus’d and adapted; which is the ultimate Perfection of the _Human_ FOETUS: By which it becomes MAN and receives _Life_, living and subsisting henceforward by its own vivacious _Faculties_, distinct from those of the MOTHER. Now the Great and All-wise CREATOR undoubtedly is the only _Supream_, _Efficient_, and Immediate _Author_ and _Finisher_ of this noble _Work_; which, according to the nicest _Calculation_ of the greatest _Masters_ of _Nature_, is most commonly accomplished about the _Beginning_ of these _Middle Months_: At which time, the usual _Turn of Nature_ necessarily occasions different _Effects_ to the _Child-bearing Woman_; which are call’d _SYMPTOMS_ of the _Middle Months_.

AND these _SYMPTOMS_, in short, I reduce to the following _Seven_ in Number; _viz._ 1. _Coughs_; 2. _Palpitations_ or _Heart-Beatings_; 3. _Swoonings_ or _Syncopes_; 4. _Watchings_; 5. _Pains_ in the _Hips_ and _Loins_; 6. _Hemorrhages_ or _Bleedings_; and, 7. _Fluxes_ of _Blood_. Of which, in their due Order.

CHAP. XIV. _Of COUGHS._

COUGHS are either _Humid_ or _Siccid_: They are call’d _Humid_, when the _Humours_ contain’d in the _Aspera Arteria_, of whatsoever Nature, are expell’d by its own Force thro’ the _Mouth_. And _Siccid_, or dry COUGHS, when, notwithstanding great Pains and Trouble, nothing is _excreted_, only the whole Body fatigued by a continual irritated Endeavour to _Cough_ and _spit-out_; whence arise Pains of the _Head_, _Hypochondriacks_, and other Parts.

THE _Cause_ of which _SYMPTOM_ is _Four-fold_, and proceeds either from the sharp acid _Vapours_ of the _Humours_ flying towards the _Lungs_, _Wind-pipe_, and _Jaws_; irritating the natural Faculty to _Expulsion_: Or, from the finer Part of the _Blood_, converting itself to the _pectoral Veins_: Or, from the _Humours_ themselves ascending to the _Head_, and relapsing upon the _Breast_: Or, in fine, from the suppressed _Albedines_ or WHITES, and whatsoever may vellicate the _Aspera Arteria_, or in any respect oppress or irritate the _same_.

THIS _Symptom_ (however slighted or lightly esteem’d) is very Dangerous; forasmuch as it attenuates and weakens the _whole Body_, enervates or destroys its _Strength_ and _Vigour_, causes difficult _Respiration_, excites _Head-Aches_, hinders _natural Rest_, occasions _Watchings_, promotes Defluxions, and finally gives _Origin_ to _Fevers_, as well as most other _Diseases_: Besides that, it continually exagitates and distresses the _Muscles_ of the ABDOMEN, or lower Belly; and thereby too commonly provokes _Miscarriage_.

FOR these Reasons this _SYMPTOM_ ought to be carefully _mitigated_, if not _cur’d_, without any loss of Time: But the CURE itself, in my humble Opinion, may be easily effected, by evacuating the _peccant Humours_, by purging and corroborating the _Head_, and by the right _Use_ of proper _Thoracick Medicines_.

CHAP. XV. _Of HEART-BEATINGS and SWOONING-FITS._

THESE Beatings or _Palpitations_ are nothing else but a sudden Loss of all the Strength, with an immoderate _Concussion_, by a vehement _Diastole_, and molestous _Systole_ of the _HEART_: From hence this _SYMPTOM_ easily turns to a _Cardialgia_, _Lipothymia_, or _Syncope_; which are _All_ of near _Affinity_, in the Case of the _Pregnant Woman_, so that I shall treat of them _conjunctly_, and first observe; that

THE _Cause_ of all such _SYMPTOMS_ are but _Two-fold_, and proceed either from a _flatulent_ Substance of the _Humours_, ascending, thro’ the _Arteries_, or the _Vena Cava_, to the _HEART_: Or from the _Abundance_ of BLOOD, which (not finding passage by the WOMB) seeks to the _superiour Parts_, and thence oppresses the _HEART_ and _vital Faculty_.

THIS _Last_ is the most dangerous _Condition_, being (in such _Plethorick Women_) the certain _Prognostick_ of imminent _ABORTION_: To prevent which unhappy _Accident_, the principal Part of the CURE, depends very much on cautious _Venæ-Sections_, or letting Blood, proper _Diet_, &c: Whereas, in the _First Case_, proper _Discutients_, _Cordials_, and _Corroborants_, are the most convenient and successful.

CHAP. XVI. _Of WATCHINGS._

THIS _Symptom_ is nothing else, more than an immoderate _Exercitation_ of the SENSES, from too great a _Motion_ of the _Animal Spirits_: Proceeding from some acrimonious and siccid _Vapours_ of the _Humours_, ascending to the BRAIN, and there disturbing the _Spirits_, by exciting their vehement Motion; which so exagitates the SENSES, that the vigilant restless _Woman_ gets either none at all, or but very _short Sleep_.

THIS watchful _Affection_ is distinguished by a _siccid_, or _calid_ and _siccid Intemperature_; attended sometimes with a _Melancholick_, _Bilous_, or _Pituitous_, _Saltish_ Matter; which is either essentially lodg’d in the HEAD, or communicated to it from the _Mouth of the Stomach_, or the Veins of the whole Body.

SOME have been so overtaken with this _SYMPTOM_, that they have not only continued _Awake_ for some Days and Nights, but also Weeks and Months: Insomuch that _Hercules Saxon_[72] relates of his own _Father_, that He, being melancholick, suffer’d such like WATCHINGS, without the least SLEEP, _seven Months long_.

HOWEVER in the _Child-bearing Woman_, the least Degree of such immoderate _WATCHING_[73] is dangerous; insomuch that it often occasions _Deliriums_, and _Convulsions_, by the continual Stretch and _Tension_ of the FIBRES.

HOWEVER the CURE of this _SYMPTOM_ may (I hope) be well perform’d both by _external_ and _internal Means_; externally, by proper _Lotions_, _Inunctions_, and _Frictions_; internally, by proper Soporiferous _Medicines_ adapted to the Quality of the Intemperature.

CHAP. XVII. _Of PAINS in the Hips, Loins_, &c.

ALTHOUGH these _PAINS_ (in general Terms) are the _Effects_ of the _Compression_ of the extended WOMB, hanging on, and bearing too much upon the neighbouring _Parts_, by its Gravity and Weight: Yet the particular _Cause_ of such _SYMPTOMS_ (in my Opinion) is _Two-fold_; and proceeds either from the Abundance of BLOOD lodging in the _Veins_ of those Parts; or from the growing FOETUS, so extending the _Ligaments_ of the WOMB, as to oblige the neighbouring Parts to sympathize. From hence the _broad Ligaments_ cause the _PAINS_ of the _Back_ and _Loins_, answering to the _Reins_, to which _Parts_ they are strongly fixed; as the _round Ones_ affect the _Groins_, _Hips_, and _Thighs_, where they terminate. Which _Ligaments_ are sometimes so violently extended, especially in the first Time of _Pregnancy_, that (by the Concurrence of any slight _procatarctick Cause_) they have been often known to break.

THE _Cure_ of these _SYMPTOMS_, in the _first Case_ above-mentioned, depends chiefly upon cautious _Phlebotomy_, and good _Repose_ in Bed; and in the _Second_, upon proper _Swathes_, _Unguents_, &c.

CHAP. XVIII. _Of HÆMORRHAGIES, or BLEEDINGS._

THESE _Symptoms_ are to be understood to happen only from the superiour Parts; as _Nostrils_, _Mouth_, or _Ears_: And the _Cause_ seems to be _Three-fold_: proceeding either from a more than ordinary _Plenty_ of BLOOD; or from a gross Mixture of _Humours_ and BLOOD, prompting Nature to _Excretion_; or, lastly, from a _Debility_ and _Weakness_ of the INFANT, when not able to attract the due Quantity of BLOOD to its _Subsistence_.

IN the _first Case_, the _Woman_ usually looks _sanguine_ and well-colour’d, and hath more _Plethorick Marks_ upon her; which, if it happens, without any great _Inconvenience_, as it is without _Danger_, the _Woman_ may easily bear and dispense with it.

IN the _second Case_, the BLOOD so lost falls dropping away, and with _Pain_; it is ugly and _ill-colour’d_, of an _acid Quality_, and _stinking Smell_: And the PATIENT hath more _Cacochymic Signs_ upon her, whereby she is threatned with _Abortion_ and imminent Danger.

IN the _third Case_, the SIGNS of a _Debilitated Fœtus_, and instant _Abortion_, are evidently presented; as mention’d in Chap. 29, and 30, of this _Section_: When, if she chance to escape _Miscarriage_, (which most commonly happens in this _Condition_, if not timely and artfully prevented) a difficult and laborious BIRTH is the certain _Consequence_; and sometimes a protracted Time of BEARING to the _Close_ of the 10th, or (as I have observ’d) to the _Beginning_ of the 11th _Month_.

THIS _Symptom_ is to be judg’d of, and _cur’d_ according to the above-mention’d, and what other concomitating _Diagnostick Signs_ appear.

CHAP. XIX. _Of FLUXES of BLOOD._

THIS _Symptom_ is to be understood to happen from the _inferiour Parts_; namely, by way of the _Hæmorrhoidal Veins_, or by the _Passage_ of the WOMB, but most commonly by the _Last_.

THE _Cause_ then of this _SYMPTOM_, happening by the _Hæmorrhoids_, is _Three-fold_; and proceeds, either from too great a _Quantity_ of BLOOD abounding; or from the disorder’d and deprav’d _Quality_ of that BLOOD; or from _Both_ these _Indispositions_ jointly: And this sanguine _Affection_ is commonly without any great Danger (tho’ not without some Trouble) to the _Woman_; ceasing gradually (of itself) after a safe and successful _DELIVERY_.

THIS _Symptom_ from the WOMB, happens _Four_ different Ways; to wit, either by the _Vessels_, which run to the _Neck_ of the WOMB; or by _Those_, which tend to the _Body_ and _Cavity_ of the SAME; or by _Those_, that adhere to the _Membrane_ call’d CHORION, and to the _Infant_, by which it attracts its _Nutriment_; or by _Those_, that _Nature_ hath reserv’d for a _Superfœtation_, or the _Necessity_ of expurging this BLOOD when it chances to be Superfluous.

WHATEVER way this FLUX happens, its _Cause_ is _Three-fold_; and proceeds, either from an _Apertion_ of some of the mentioned _Uterine Vessels_; or from their _Dilatation_; or from a _Rupture_ of those Vessels.

THEY are _open’d_ by a _Redundancy_ or _Superfluity_ of BLOOD; which _Wise Nature_ takes this _Method_ of fiercing and throwing-off, the _Natural Evacuation_ being stopped. They are _dilated_ by the _Acrimony_ of the _Humours_, or by their own rarefy’d and thin _Contexture_, And, in fine, they may be _bursten_ or _broken_, by a great Variety of _Accidents_; such as _Running_, _Leaping_, _Falling_, _Striking_, _Lifting_ a heavy Weight, violent _Motion_, _Coughs_, great _Pains_, _Vapours_, _Costiveness_, _Looseness_, immoderate _Heat_, or _Cold_; as also by any violent _Perturbation_ of Mind.

THE _First Case_ (being the Work of _Nature_) happens with great Ease, and without any Pain or Trouble; it _flows_ moderately and regularly, is of _short Continuance_, and not attended with any immediate _Danger_, so long as the _Woman_ enjoys her _Health_, and continues well-colour’d in _Complexion_.

THE _Second Case_ is called an ANASTOMOSIS; and what happens by such irregular _Dilatations_, falls _Drop_ by _Drop_ away; and is All _Acid_, _Ill-colour’d_, _Stinking_, _Thin_, _Pale_, _Serous Stuff_.

THE _Third Case_ is known by an immoderate and irregular _Flooding_, as it were in _Heaps_; attended with PAINS of the _Groins_, _Loins_, &c: And at last aggravated with _Faintings_ and _Convulsions_. The true STATE of which _Case_ is particularly noted in Sect. V. Chap. 7. Only give me leave to add here, that the _Procatarctick Cause_, is always sufficiently known, from the _Relation_ of the PATIENT.

BUT however, it is also proper to know in all the above-mention’d _Cases_, from what _Place_, and by what _Vessels_ this _Flux_ happens: Which may be rightly thus distinguished; for if from the _Neck_ of the WOMB, it flows orderly and moderately; as it likewise does, if it comes from _Vessels_ no ways adhering to the INFANT: but if it arises from the _Bottom_ of the WOMB, it flows in less _Order_, and greater _Quantity_; and if it happens, in fine, from the _Vessels_ fixed to the INFANT, and the CHORION, then it does _flow_ most irregularly of all, and in very great _Quantities_.

THE _Prognosticks_ of this _SYMPTOM_ are, either a[74] weak debilitated INFANT, or an approaching _Abortion_: But besides also, it sometimes portends a _hard_, _laborious_, and _protracted BIRTH_, perhaps even to the 11th _Month_.

WHICH _Prognosticks_ are indeed founded upon sufficient relative _Reasons_: The _First_, because the _INFANT_ is not able to convert the _whole_ of the _superabundant_ BLOOD, to its _Aliment_: The _Second_, because the _INFANT_ (tho’ perhaps Strong and Able enough) is depriv’d of its requisite _Sustenance_: The _Third_, because (according to _Hippocrates_, &c.) a _sickly Gestation_ always indicates a difficult and laborious _BIRTH_: And besides the reason of a _protracted Birth_ (beyond the _ordinary Time_) is very plain and perspicuous; because, if a _strong healthy CHILD_ requires _two Months_, to recover itself after the first _Onset_ or _Attempt_ of the _7th Month_, (as is more amply explain’d in _Chap._ 34. of this Section) it is but highly reasonable to think, that a _weak sickly One_, requires a _longer Time_ of Gestation.

THE _first Case_ of this _SYMPTOM_, seems to be the most favourable of the _Three_; yet I would advise such _Sanguine_ or _Plethorick Women_, to guard against _one ill Consequence_, which I have known sometimes to happen in the same burthensome _Condition_: Namely, that from too great a _Plenty_ or _Superfluity_ of BLOOD, it sometimes runs through the _interiour Veins_ into the _Cavity_ of the WOMB, which renders the _Case_ by far the most dangerous; because this BLOOD[75] (being out of its proper _Canal_ or _Center_) irregularly extravas’d, immediately _corrupts_ and _suppurates_; which corrupted BLOOD, in Concert with the _INFANT_, (whose _Aliment_ is thereby impair’d) always obliges the WOMB, to dilate and yield up its _Contents_: So that, in short, this particular _SYMPTOM_[76] is, in all its different Cases or Conditions, the most Pernicious and Dangerous.

WHEREFORE it is, that the respective CURES of these sundry _Cases_, belong only to the Ablest _Physician_, and _That_ (most properly) to _Him_ who professes and practices MIDWIFERY: Because, when _Medicinal Helps_ fail, and cannot prevent _Misfortunes_, HE will at least know best then, how to _Compose_, and _Mitigate_ them, by delivering the Woman, if Necessity so require.

CHAP. XX. _Of the SYMPTOMS of the last three Months_.

TWO _third Parts_ of the common Duration and Conjuncture of CHILD-BEARING, being, by this time faithfully, if not so fully, accounted for; it remains now, that we also more particularly consider the MOTHER and her INFANT throughout the last _Three Months-Travail_. These are the _Finishing Maturating Months_ of the _INFANT_: I mean peculiarly, as to its _Strength_ and _Vigour_; since in other respects, the _Middle Months_ have duly _perfected_ the Ornaments of the _particular Members_, and gracefully compleated the SHAPE and FORM of the whole Body.

WHEREFORE, as, in these _latter Months_, the _CHILD_ encreases in _Bulk_, _Vigour_, and _Activity_, it then affords the tender MOTHER incredible _Uneasinesses_, and grows sometimes almost _Obstreperous_: Which _Augmentation_ of the FOETUS (of natural Consequence) occasions in her Constitution of Body various different _Effects_; call’d _SYMPTOMS_ of the last _Three Months_.

NOW these _SYMPTOMS_, I hope I may pertinently reduce to the following _Nine_, in Number; namely, 1. _Dysuries_; 2. _Ischuries_; 3. _Stranguries_; 4. _Costiveness_; 5. _Tenesms_; 6. _Varices_; 7. _Inflations_ of the _Legs_; 8. _Fissures_ of the Belly; and 9. and lastly, _Water-Fluxes_. Of which I shall take leave to treat separately, in their proper Order.

CHAP. XXI. _Of DYSURIES, ISCHURIES, and STRANGURIES._

THE _Dysuria_ is a painful and difficult _Excretion_ of _Urine_; as the _Ischuria_ is an entire _Suppression_ of the SAME: And the _Stranguria_ nothing but an _Effect_ of the other TWO; being an _Excretion_ made Drop by Drop, with a continual _Stimulation_ or _Propensity_ to make Water, however without any acute _Pain_, tho’ not without some _Uneasiness_.

NOW these _three SYMPTOMS_ have all their respective _Causes_, which I shall not particularly enter upon here at large; but only, take notice by the By, that in the _Pregnant Woman_, they most commonly proceed from _One_ and the same _Original_: Wherefore I shall in this Place discourse of them _conjunctly_; and observe that all three _SYMPTOMS_ may proceed from the _ponderous_ WOMB, lying upon, and depressing the _Neck of the Bladder_; and _that_ the more heavily, the nearer the _Woman_ is to her TIME. The _pungent Acrimony_ of the URINE sometimes also occasions _Incontinence_, or want of _Retention_; as its _Inflammatory Heat_ causeth almost a total _Suppression_. However, in short, such _SYMPTOMS_ may likewise proceed from some _crude_ and _unconcocted Matter_, obstructing and oppressing the _Sphincter-Muscles_.

BE _That_ as it will, in the present _Case_, the CURE is but very seldom of great _Difficulty_; being frequently effected, by lifting up the _Bottom of her Belly_ with both Hands when she is about to _make Water_: Or, by wearing a convenient large SWATHE. But if Need require, the _Region_ of the BLADDER may be cherished with proper _emollient Fomentations_, _Injections_, or _Cataplasms_; as (upon any _Extremity_ at last) a CATHETER may be prudently used.