Part 22

5. Ἡ δὲ Βαβυλὼν καὶ αὐτὴ μέν ἐστιν ἐν πεδίῳ, τὸν δὲ κύκλον ἔχει τοῦ τείχους τριακοσίων ἑξήκοντα πέντε σταδίων, πάχος δὲ τοῦ τείχους ποδῶν δύο καὶ τριάκοντα, ὕψος δὲ τῶν μὲν μεσοπυργίων πήχεις πεντήκοντα, τῶν δὲ πύργων ἑξήκοντα, ἡ δὲ πάροδος τοῖς ἐπὶ τοῦ τείχους ὥστε τέθριππα ἐναντιοδρομεῖν ἀλλήλοις ῥᾳδίως. διόπερ τῶν ἑπτὰ θεαμάτων λέγεται καὶ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ κρεμαστὸς κῆπος ἔχων ἐν τετραγώνῳ σχήματι ἑκάστην πλευρὰν τεττάρων πλέθρων· συνέχεται δὲ ψαλιδώμασι καμαρωτοῖς ἐπὶ πεττῶν ἱδρυμένοις κυβοειδῶν ἄλλοις ἐπ’ ἄλλοις· οἱ δὲ πεττοὶ κοῖλοι πλήρεις γῆς ὥστε δέξασθαι φυτὰ δένδρων τῶν μεγίστων, ἐξ ὀπτῆς πλίνθου καὶ ἀσφάλτου κατεσκευασμένοι καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ αἱ ψαλίδες καὶ τὰ καμαρώματα. ἡ δ’ ἀνωτάτω στέγη προσβάσεις κλιμακωτὰς ἔχει, παρακειμένους δ’ αὐταῖς καὶ κοχλίας δι’ ὧν τὸ ὕδωρ ἀνῆγον εἰς τὸν κῆπον ἀπὸ τοῦ Εὐφράτου συνεχῶς οἱ πρὸς τοῦτο τεταγμένοι. ὁ γὰρ ποταμὸς διὰ μέσης ῥεῖ τῆς πόλεως σταδιαῖος τὸ πλάτος, ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ ποταμῷ ὁ κῆπος. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ὁ τοῦ Βήλου τάφος αὐτόθι, νῦν μὲν κατεσκαμμένος, Ξέρξης δ’ αὐτὸν κατέσπασεν, ὥς φασιν· ἦν δὲ πυραμὶς τετράγωνος ἐξ ὀπτῆς πλίνθου καὶ αὐτὴ σταδιαία τὸ ὕψος, σταδιαία δὲ καὶ ἑκάστη τῶν πλευρῶν· ἣν Ἀλέξανδρος ἐβούλετο ἀνασκευάσαι, πολὺ δ’ ἦν ἔργον καὶ πολλοῦ χρόνου (αὐτὴ γὰρ ἡ χοῦς εἰς ἀνακάθαρσιν μυρίοις ἀνδράσι δυεῖν μηνῶν ἔργον ἦν), ὥστ’ οὐκ ἔφθη τὸ ἐγχειρηθὲν ἐπιτελέσαι· παραχρῆμα γὰρ ἡ νόσος καὶ ἡ τελευτὴ συνέπεσε τῷ βασιλεῖ, τῶν δ’ ὕστερον οὐδεὶς ἐφρόντισεν. ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ὠλιγωρήθη καὶ κατήρειψαν τῆς πόλεως τὰ μὲν οἱ Πέρσαι τὰ δ’ ὁ χρόνος καὶ ἡ τῶν Μακεδόνων ὀλιγωρία περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα, καὶ μάλιστα ἐπειδὴ τὴν Σελεύκειαν ἐπὶ τῷ Τίγρει πλησίον τῆς Βαβυλῶνος ἐν τριακοσίοις που σταδίοις ἐτείχισε Σέλευκος ὁ Νικάτωρ. καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτὸν ἅπαντες περὶ ταύτην ἐσπούδασαν τὴν πόλιν καὶ τὸ Βασίλειον ἐνταῦθα μετήνεγκαν· καὶ δὴ καὶ νῦν ἡ μὲν γέγονε Βαβυλῶνος μείζων ἡ δ’ ἔρημος ἡ πολλή, ὥστ’ ἐπ’ αὐτῆς μὴ ἂν ὀκνῆσαί τινα εἰπεῖν ὅπερ ἔφη τις τῶν κωμικῶν ἐπὶ τῶν Μεγαλοπολιτῶν τῶν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ “ἐρημία μεγάλη ’στὶν ἡ Μεγάλη πόλις.” διὰ δὲ τὴν τῆς ὕλης σπάνιν ἐκ φοινικίνων ξύλων αἱ οἰκοδομαὶ συντελοῦνται καὶ δοκοῖς καὶ στύλοις. περὶ δὲ τοὺς στύλους στρέφοντες ἐκ τῆς καλάμης σχοινία περιτιθέασιν, εἶτ’ ἐπαλείφοντες χρώμασι καταγράφουσι, τὰς δὲ θύρας ἀσφάλτῳ· ὑψηλαὶ δὲ καὶ αὗται καὶ οἱ οἶκοι καμαρωτοὶ πάντες διὰ τὴν ἀξυλίαν· ψιλὴ γὰρ ἡ χώρα καὶ θαμνώδης ἡ πολλὴ πλὴν φοίνικος· οὗτος δὲ πλεῖστος ἐν τῇ Βαβυλωνίᾳ, πολὺς δὲ καὶ ἐν Σούσοις καὶ ἐν τῇ παραλίᾳ [τῇ] Περσίδι καὶ ἐν τῇ Καρμανίᾳ. κεράμῳ δ’ οὐ χρῶνται· οὐδὲ γὰρ κατομβροῦνται. παραπλήσια δὲ καὶ τὰ ἐν Σούσοις καὶ τῇ Σιτακηνῇ.

6. Ἀφώριστο δ’ ἐν τῇ Βαβυλῶνι κατοικία τοῖς ἐπιχωρίοις φιλοσόφοις τοῖς Χαλδαίοις προσαγορευομένοις, οἳ περὶ ἀστρονομίαν εἰσὶ τὸ πλέον· προσποιοῦνται δέ τινες καὶ γενεθλιαλογεῖν, οὓς οὐκ ἀποδέχονται οἱ ἕτεροι. ἔστι δὲ καὶ φῦλόν τι τὸ τῶν Χαλδαίων καὶ χώρα τῆς Βαβυλωνίας ὑπ’ ἐκείνων οἰκουμένη, πλησιάζουσα καὶ τοῖς Ἄραψι καὶ τῇ κατὰ Πέρσας λεγομένῃ θαλάττῃ. ἔστι δὲ καὶ τῶν Χαλδαίων τῶν ἀστρονομικῶν γένη πλείω. καὶ γὰρ Ὀρχηνοί τινες προσαγορεύονται καὶ Βορσιππηνοὶ καὶ ἄλλοι πλείους ὡς ἂν κατὰ αἱρέσεις ἄλλα καὶ ἄλλα νέμοντες περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν δόγματα. μέμνηνται δὲ καὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐνίων οἱ μαθηματικοί, καθάπερ Κιδηνᾶ τε καὶ Ναβουριανοῦ καὶ Σουδίνου. καὶ Σέλευκος δ’ ὁ ἀπὸ τῆς Σελευκείας Χαλδαῖός ἐστι καὶ ἄλλοι πλείους ἀξιόλογοι ἄνδρες.

7. Τὰ δὲ Βόρσιππα ἱερὰ πόλις ἐστὶν Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος, λινουργεῖον μέγα. πληθύουσι δὲ ἐν αὐτῇ νυκτερίδες μείζους πολὺ τῶν ἐν ἄλλοις τόποις. ἁλίσκονται δ’ εἰς βρῶσιν καὶ ταριχεύονται.

FLAVII JOSEPHI ANTIQUITATES X. 11

Παραλαβὼν δὲ τὰ πράγματα διοικούμενα ὑπὸ τῶν Χαλδαίων καὶ διατηρουμένην τὴν βασιλείαν ὑπὸ τοῦ βελτίστου αὐτῶν, κυριεύσας ὁλοκλήρου τῆς πατρικῆς ἀρχῆς, τοῖς μὲν αἰχμαλώτοις παραγενομένοις συνέταξεν ἀποικίας ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτηδειοτάτοις τῆς Βαβυλωνίας τόποις ἀποδεῖξαι, αὐτὸς δ’ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ πολέμου λαφύρων τό τε τοῦ Βήλου ἱερὸν καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ κοσμήσας φιλοτίμως, τήν τε ὑπάρχουσαν ἐξ ἀρχῆς πόλιν ἀνακαινίσας καὶ ἑτέραν καταχαρισάμενος πρὸς τὸ μηκέτι δύνασθαι τοὺς πολιορκοῦντας τὸν ποταμὸν ἀναστρέφοντας ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν κατασκευάζειν, ὑπερεβάλετο τρεῖς μὲν τῆς ἔνδον πόλεως περιβόλους, τρεῖς δὲ τῆς ἔξω, τούτων δὲ τοὺς μὲν ἐξ ὀπτῆς πλίνθου καὶ ἀσφάλτου, τοὺς δὲ ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς πλίνθου. καὶ τειχίσας ἀξιολόγως τὴν πόλιν καὶ τοὺς πυλῶνας κοσμήσας ἱεροπρεπῶς προσκατεσκεύασε τοῖς πατρικοῖς βασιλείοις ἕτερα βασίλεια ἐχόμενα αὐτῶν· ὧν τὸ μὲν ἀνάστημα καὶ τὴν λοιπὴν πολυτέλειαν περισσὸν ἴσως ἂν εἴη λέγειν, πλὴν ὡς ὄντα μεγάλα καὶ ὑπερήφανα συνετελέσθη ἡμέραις πεντεκαίδεκα. ἐν δὲ τοῖς βασιλείοις τούτοις ἀναλήμματα λίθινα ἀνοικοδομήσας καὶ τὴν ὄψιν ἀποδοὺς ὁμοιοτάτην τοῖς ὄρεσι, καταφυτεύσας δένδρεσι παντοδαποῖς ἐξειργάσατο, καὶ κατεσκεύασε τὸν καλούμενον κρεμαστὸν παράδεισον, διὰ τὸ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ ἐπιθυμεῖν τῆς οἰκείας διαθέσεως ὡς τεθραμμένην ἐν τοῖς κατὰ Μηδίαν τόποις.

Q. CURTI RUFI HISTOR. ALEX. V. I. 24–35

Ceterum ipsius urbis pulchritudo ac vetustas non regis modo, sed etiam omnium oculos in semet haud inmerito convertit. Samiramis eam condiderat, non, ut plerique credidere, Belus, cuius regia ostenditur. Murus instructus laterculo coctili bitumine interlito spatium XXX et duorum pedum in latitudinem amplectitur: quadrigae inter se occurrentes sine periculo commeare dicuntur. Altitudo muri L cubitorum eminet spatio: turres denis pedibus quam murus altiores sunt. Totius operis ambitus CCCLXV stadia complectitur; singulorum stadiorum structuram singulis diebus perfectam esse memoriae proditum est. Aedificia non sunt admota muris, sed fere spatium iugeri unius absunt. Ac ne totam quidem urbem tectis occupaverunt—per LXXX stadia habitabatur—, nec omnia continua sunt, credo, quia tutius visum est pluribus locis spargi. Cetera serunt coluntque, ut, si externa vis ingruat, obsessis alimenta ex ipsius urbis solo subministrentur. Euphrates interfluit magnaeque molis crepidinibus coercetur. Sed omnium operum magnitudinem circumveniunt cavernae ingentem in altitudinem pressae ad accipiendum impetum fluminis: quod ubi adpositae crepidinis fastigium excessit, urbis tecta corriperet, nisi essent specus lacusque, qui exciperent. Coctili laterculo structi sunt, totum opus bitumine adstringitur. Pons lapideus flumini inpositus iungit urbem. Hic quoque inter mirabilia Orientis opera numeratus est. Quippe Euphrates altum limum vehit, quo penitus ad fundamenta iacienda egesto vix suffulciendo operi firmum reperiunt solum: harenae autem subinde cumulatae et saxis, quibus pons sustinetur, adnexae morantur amnem, qui retentus acrius, quam si libero cursu mearet, inliditur. Arcem quoque ambitu XX stadia conplexam habent. XXX pedes in terram turrium fundamenta demissa sunt, ad LXXX summum munimenti fastigium pervenit. Super arcem, vulgatum Graecorum fabulis miraculum, pensiles horti sunt, summam murorum altitudinem aequantes multarumque arborum umbra et proceritate amoeni. Saxo pilae, quae totum onus sustinent, instructae sunt, super pilas lapide quadrato solum stratum est patiens terrae, quam altam iniciunt, et humoris, quo rigant terras: adeoque validas arbores sustinet moles, ut stipites earum VIII cubitorum spatium crassitudine aequent, in L pedum altitudinem emineant frugiferaeque sint, ut si terra sua alerentur. Et cum vetustas non opera solum manu facta, sed etiam ipsam naturam paulatim exedendo perimat, haec moles, quae tot arborum radicibus premitur tantique nemoris pondere onerata est, inviolata durat: quippe XX [pedes] lati parietes sustinet XI pedum intervallo distantes, ut procul visentibus silvae montibus suis inminere videantur. Syriae regem Babylone regnantem hoc opus esse molitum memoriae proditum est, amore coniugis victum, quae desiderio nemorum silvarumque in campestribus locis virum conpulit amoenitatem naturae genere huius operis imitari.

G. SMITH’S ESAGILA TABLET

See pp. 192–194

The tablet was hurriedly transcribed by G. Smith on his journey to Nineveh, from which he was destined never to return, and his account of it remained our only source of information on the subject until V. Scheil discovered the text in private possession. It has now been fully edited by V. Scheil and M. Dieulafoy under the title _Esagil ou le temple de Bêl-Marduk à Babylone_ in the _Mémoires de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres_ (Paris, Picard, 1913). It is obvious that this important document, drawn up in the Seleucid era, is a first-hand authority and must now be taken into account in any fresh attempt to reconcile the data of the excavations with ancient inscriptions. Koldewey cannot be reproached for forming his conclusions from the only data before him, and no one could be more willing to modify his conclusions if necessary. Whether what has been laid bare by the excavator be recognisable as consistent with the temple buildings as they stood in Seleucid times, or must be referred to earlier ages, remains to be seen, and the excavator himself has the first right to be heard on this point.—[C. H. W. JOHNS.]

PUBLICATIONS OF THE GERMAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY

Issued by J. C. HINRICHS’SCHE BUCHHANDLUNG, Leipzig.

_Assur_

Cloth

M. M.

Der Anu-Adad-Tempel 1909 40 44

Keilinschriften historischen Inhalts 1911 12 12.50

Die Festungswerke. 2 Bände 1913 135 147

Die Stelenreihen 1913 45 50

_Babylon_

Die Tempel von Babylon und Borsippa 1911 32 36

Die Hettitische Inschrift der Königsburg 1900 4 22.50

Die Pflastersteine von Aiburschabu 1901 4

Babylonische Miscellen 1903 12

Die Inschriften Nebukadnezars II. im Wadi Brisā und am Nahr el-Kelb 1906 20 22.50

Die Ausgrabungen von Jericho 1913 60 66

Kasr Firaun in Petra 1910 16 19

Die Bauwerke von Boghazköi 1912 60 66

Die Ruinen von Hatra. 2 Bände 1908, 1912 91 100

Die Ruinen von Ocheïdir 1912 30 35

Nordmesopotamische Baudenkmäler altchristlicher und islamischer Zeit 1911 50 58

Kirchen und Moscheen in Armenien und Kurdistan 1913 40 46

_Abusir_

Das Grabdenkmal des Königs Ne-user-re 1907 60 64

Priestergräber und andere Grabfunde vom Ende des alten Reiches bis zur griechischen Zeit vom Totentempel des Ne-user-re 1908 54 58

Griechische Holzsarkophage aus der Zeit Alexanders d. Gr. 1905 35 37.50

Der Timotheos-Papyrus 1903 12 15

Das Grabdenkmal des Königs Nefer-ir-ke-re 1909 30 34

Das Grabdenkmal des Königs Sahu-re: 1: Der Bau, 2: Die Wandbilder. 3 Tle. 1910, 1913 144 158

Das Hohe Tor von Medinet Habu 1910 25 29

Der Porträtkopf der Königin Teje 1911 16 19

INDEX

Abu-Hatab, streets in, 243

Abundance, door of, 212

Acropolis, 14, 65, 150, 176, 180, 181, 311, 313

Adad, 163, 221

Adadnadinakhe, bricks of, 295

Adad-nirari, 166

Adyton, or side chamber, 59, 60, 296

Ægina, coins of, 270

Agade (Ishtar of), 243, 296, 300

Agate, 221, 265, 268

_Agul_, 99

Aiburšabù, Ai-ibur-shabu, 26, 51; street of Babylon, 52, 54, 113

Akkad, 152, 231

Alabaster, 29, 211, 218, 252; dedicatory inscription on, 301

Alabastra, 72, 252, 254, 255

Aleppo, 110

Alexander, 11, 196, 204, 270, 307, 309, 310, 311, 313

Ammiditana, 240, 291

Amphora, 251, 255, 270

Amran, 15, 16, 141, 173, 183, 200, 204, 223, 228, 229, 254, 261, 276, 312, 313

Amran Ibn Ali, tomb of, 212

Amulets, 270, 271, 283

Anah, 25

_Anaku_, 75

Ananeh, 14

Anklets, 276

Anthropoid coffins, 276

Anu, 193, 210, 264, 279

Anunnaki, 151

_Apadana_ (appa danna), 12, 68, 128

Ape, 234, 284

_Ap-lam_, 79

_Aplu ašaridu_, 75

Arab cemetery, 223; middle age, 314; revolving mills, 261

Arabs, 11, 15, 108, 160, 212, 223, 258, 261, 264, 300; and the basalt lion, 160

Arachtu Canal, 52; wall of Nabopolassar, 84, 87, 114, 131, 137–144, 145, 158, 179, 181, 199–203, 312

Aramaic brick stamps, 80, 168 incantation bowls, 248 writing on birds’ eggs, 248

Archaic characters, 78

Arch construction, 70, 93

Arched doorway, 70, 71

Architects, 71, 109, 174, 180

Arrow-heads, 263

Artaxerxes, 68, 313

Artaxerxes Mnemon, 129, 182

Arval, 46

Arx or Kasr, 14

Aryballos, 254

Ashes, in funeral ceremony, 273

Asphalt, 25, 31, 42, 49, 52, 54, 59, 70, 86, 88, 100, 104, 114, 122, 127, 134, 136, 137, 138, 144, 154, 155, 156, 168, 173, 192, 197, 294, 295

Assur, 93, 99, 103, 110, 151, 219, 236, 275

Assyrian alabaster reliefs, 29 palaces, 159 period, 312

Asûḫu-trees, 169

Atele, 168

Audience chamber, 103

Auditorium, 301

Axe, 80

Bâb bilti, 53

Babel Street, 25

Babil, city of, 16, 19, 22, 44, 152, 211; feast of, 257; mound of, 4, 9, 10, 12, 129, 242; fortress of, 88; palace of Nebuchadnezzar, 11, 14, 31, 85, 86, 181; ruins of, 128

Bab-ilani, 181

Babylon, climate, 74; compared with Nineveh, 5; comparison of, with modern cities, 5; Dragon of, 46; Dûr of, 134, 136, 142; excavations, 5; Hanging Gardens, 98, 100; main gate of, 46; mounds of, 15; prehistoric existence, 88; private houses, planning of, 286; sacking of, 180; towers, 1, 2, 4, 5, 15, 34, 195, 196, 309; wall of, 1–6, 31, 34, 137, 311; Vatican of, 190

Babylon and Esagila of equal importance, 141; united, 87

Babylonia, glyptic art of, 29

Babylonian ell, 1, 40 graves, 54 house, 293 mounds, 14 scenery, 19

Bachura, 195

Bagdad, 8, 75, 82, 108, 228

Bagistana, 166

Balls, limestone, 50

Barks, sacred, 257

Basalt, 159, 166, 259

Bas-reliefs, 29

Bastion, 89, 136, 137, 138, 176, 178

Bavian inscription, 222

Beads, 118–19, 256, 264, 265

Beakers, 248, 257

Beams, 94

Bedri Bey, 10

Bees, 164

Bel, 60, 193, 210, 264, 313; and the Dragon, 46

Belit, 264

Bell, earthenware, 256

Belnadinshum, Bel-nâdin-šum, 240, 311

Belshazzar’s banquet, 103

Beltis, 26, 69, 72

Berosus, 96, 98, 169

Bezold, 192, 212

Binder, 84

Bismaya, 220

Bitumen, 6, 12, 44, 51, 54, 61, 112

Boar’s tusk, 271

Boats, earthenware, 258

Boomerang, 221

Borsippa, temple of, 31, 56, 209, 296; tower of, 11, 14, 32; zikurrat of, 194

Bowls, 248, 259, 261

Breccia, 25

Brick robbers, 82, 102, 144, 158, 160, 183, 294, 309

Bricks, baked, 134; burnt, 3 _et passim_; blue enamelled, 34, 44; eight-lined, 86; enamelled, 26, 88, 105; flooring, 147; inscribed, 61, 84–86, 138, 141, 187, 202, 208; plastic clay, 28; signs on, 30; square, 3; stamps, 52, 61, 75, 78, 137; remains, 305

Bridge, 197; gateway, 216

Bronze, 44, 76, 113, 169, 210, 263, 265, 267

Buddensieg, 74

Bulls, 38, 41, 45, 46, 130, 265, 272

Bureau, 103

Burial, methods of, 271, 272

Burials, double-urn, 273; crouching, 275

Burnaburariaš, 264

Canal, 8, 9, 18, 19, 50, 51, 52, 167, 168, 180

Casket, 59

Cavalier towers, 4, 68, 200

Cedar wood, 6, 12, 44, 113, 169, 210

Ceilings, cedar, 159

Cella, 31, 57, 58, 59, 63, 204, 206, 210, 230, 231, 234, 296, 298

Celsius, 74

Ceramics, 248

Chamber of Fate, 26, 52

Chase, 130

Cheetah, 48

China, wall of, 5

Chinese dragon, 48

Citadel, 71, 84, 107, 110, 256, 257

Clay, 155, 208, 238, 309

Coffins, anthropoid, 276; brick, 146; clay, 155, 238; pottery, 275; terra-cotta, 102, 219; wooden, 216, 219

Coins, Arabic, 270; Graeco-Persian, 270

Conduit, 148, 167, 300

Construction, false principle of, 84

Copper, 6, 12, 44, 113, 232, 233

Cores, 72, 148, 183

Courts of Justice, 90

Crypts, 91, 100

Ctesias, 2, 4, 96, 129, 131, 195, 197, 201, 313

Cuneiform, 75, 77, 80, 95, 128, 245, 269

Cupids, 285, 286

Curtains, 146, 151

Curtius Rufus, 97, 98, 325, 326

Cylinder, E-ulla, 199; Grotefend, 112; of Nabonidus, 300; of Nabopolassar, 135, 195, 231; of Nebuchadnezzar, 112, 145, 195, 203; of Neriglissar, 191, 211; of Nimitti-Bel, 223; of Sardanapalus, 60, 151, 153, 154

Cylinder building, 166, 167 seal, 267

Cylix, 254

Cypress, 169

Cyprus, 104

Damp, precautions against, 127

Daniel, 46, 49, 160

Darius, 49, 128, 166, 235, 270

Delitzsch, 44, 51, 53, 60, 85, 86, 112, 113, 134, 136, 138, 153, 169, 192, 195, 211, 257, 296

De Sarzec, 244, 293, 295

Dieulafoy, M., 327

Dinosaur, 48

Diodorus, 98, 99, 100, 129, 197, 198, 201, 310, 318–322

Dionysos, 301

Dioscurides, 301

Divaniyeh, 18

Djin, 160

_Djird_, 19, 21

Djumdjumma, 14, 223

_Dolab_, 19

Dolerite, 166

Door, 57, 211, 212

Door leaves, cedar, 113, 169

Door-post, bronze ferrule of, 57

Dragons, 38, 44, 130, 221, 222

Drainage, 243

Drains, 110, 123, 124, 125, 147, 148, 154

Du-azag, 26, 52, 53, 211

Duck weight, 190

Dul-azag, 26, 52, 53, 211

Ea, 204, 207, 210, 264

E-an-na, 167

E-bar-ra, 167

Ear-rings, 265, 276, 279

East India House Inscription, 5

E-ḫul-ḫul, 167

Ekua, 152, 211

El-Hibbah, 238, 239, 293

Emach, 58, 60, 61, 186, 312

Enamel, 30, 34, 41, 44, 45, 46, 104–107, 129, 130

Enlil, 231

Entemena, 220

Epatutila, 229, 231

Esagila, 145; priests of, 46; separate from Babylon, 87, 88; Temple of, 12, 15, 24, 53, 56, 64, 192, 197, 207, 211, 221, 242, 257, 312

Esarhaddon, 79, 87, 151, 186, 187, 207, 215, 221, 312

E-sigiši, 99

Etemenanki, 15, 141, 167, 183, 186, 189, 190, 192, 195, 197, 207, 208, 211, 309, 312, 313

E-ulla, 199

Euphrates, bridge, 53, 95; at high water, 8; course of, 18; dam, 10; fringed with palms, 14; identity with Arachtu, 141; sluggish, 16; wall, 31; famed water of, 108

E-ur-imin-an-ki, 14

Evil-Merodach, 78, 79, 159

_Exedra_, 307

Expansion joints, 36, 71, 95, 116, 122, 127, 136

Ezida, 54, 75, 86, 134, 211

Façade, 294, 299

Fara, 19, 243; Noah’s ark built at, 18, 220; double-urn coffin in use at, 219; ground plan, 292, 293; palaeolithic saws at, 261; river bank at, 19; tablets found at, 246, 247; underground canal, 93

Figures, 59, 158, 218, 232, 257, 265

Fillets, semicircular, 56; round pillars, 244

Finger-rings, 267

Fireplaces, table-shaped, 295

Fisher, 216, 295

Flasks, 72, 251

Flint, 88, 261, 268, 311

Flute, 284

Footstools, 301

Foundation trenches, 128

Frieze, 169

Frit, 268

Gabbari-KAK, 164

Gates, 192, 193

Gateways, 189, 199, 209, 230

Glass, 255, 256, 264, 268

Goblets, 255

Gold plate, rectangular, 34

Graeco-Parthian burials, 216, 275

Graeco-Parthian Period, 109, 276, 277–279, 312

Gratings, 136, 179

Graves, brick, 168, 182, 290; deposits in, 276, 277, 285

Greek Period, 216, 240, 250, 285, 313

Greek Theatre, 300, 301, 307

Gudea, 220, 257; bricks, 293–295

Gula, 234, 279

Gutters, 125, 150, 186, 233, 294

Gypsum, 88, 89, 103, 104, 114, 118, 216, 219, 276, 291, 299, 301, 305

Habl Ibrahim, 18

Hail, 108

Hair and bitumen, concoction of, 46

Halil Bey, 10

Hanging Gardens, 98, 100

Hammurabi, 29, 88, 114, 228, 240, 242, 244, 246, 311

Haran, 167

Harp, 284

Hatra, 110

Hattre, 66, 162

Hea, 193

Hellenistic vases, 254

Hellmann, 74

Hephaestion, 311

Hera, 195

Herodotus, 2, 3, 5, 31, 64, 82, 98, 102, 193–197, 201, 210, 212, 222, 242, 280, 313–318

Hilani, 12

Hilleh, 8, 14, 183, 212

Hindiyeh, 10, 18

Hit, 25

Hittite hieroglyphic inscription, 165 stela, 164

Holy of Holies, 58

Homera, 32, 150, 309, 312, 313 mound, 15, 300, 302, 308, 310

Hommel, 192, 203, 229

Hudeh, 103

Iggigi, 151

Illu Gate, 26

Imgur-Bel, 5, 34, 44, 113, 127, 134–136, 138, 140, 144, 145, 150, 152–154, 168, 181, 182, 312

India, rainfall, 74

Inscription— Assyrian votive, 221; Bavian, 52, 222; Darius Hystaspes, 166; Greek Theatre, 301; Hittite hieroglyphic, 165; Nabopolassar, 87, 140, 142, 195; Nebuchadnezzar, 25, 45, 54, 84, 133, 160, 178, 187, 191, 195; Nebuchadnezzar’s _Steinplatten_, 5, 26, 38, 44, 52, 69, 99, 113, 128, 168, ]174, 178, 210, 257; Neo-Babylonian, 164, 221; Neriglissar, 113, 211; pottery, 227; Sardanapalus, 60, 151, 207

Interments, 146, 219

Invasion by water feared, 180

Iron, 265

Irrigation, 8, 20, 21

_Irsit Babylon_, 14

Ishin aswad, 15, 229, 238, 239, 312

Ishtar Gate, 24, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35, 38, 42, 46, 49, 53, 55, 71, 89, 102, 104, 129, 130, 136–138, 145–148, 150, 156, 166, 170, 173, 174, 178, 181, 182, 199, 222; consecration inscription, 45

Ishtar, statue of, 163; Temple of, 296, 297, 300, 312, 313

Ivory, 169

Jars, storage, 250, 251, 259

Jastrow, 204

Jeremiah, 314

Jews and the Tower of Babylon, 196

Joints, 70, 127, 158

Josephus, 324, 325

Kadashmanbel, 290

Kadashmanturgu, 290

Kaḫilisir, 211

Kalach, 89

Kâr, 138

Karabet, 14

Kasr, 10 _et passim_

Kassite, 77, 248

Kassite kings, 76

Kerbela, 183

Ketshaue, 236

Khabur, 162

Khan Mhauil, 14

Khorsabad, 94, 194, 236

Kilns, 76, 82

Kirû, 138

Kisa, 255

Kisu, 61, 62, 85, 122, 186, 192, 208, 214, 223, 300

Knives, 263

Koldewey, 327

Ktesiphon, 110

Kua-bark, 257

Kua-ship, 211

Kudur-Bel, 311

_Kudurru_, 252, 257, 266

Kunukku, 221

Kurigalzu, 290, 311

Kutha, 14

Kweiresh, 14, 16, 22, 183, 199, 200, 214, 291

Kyanos, 46

Labashi, 65

Labashi-Marduk, 79

Lady Gate, 52, 53

Lamps, 252, 253, 254

Lapis lazuli, 46, 158, 169, 221, 236, 268

Latomia, 196

Lebanon, cedars of, 85, 86, 94, 112, 195, 211

Leg-bones, decorated, 265

Lehmann-Haupt, 199

Libil-ḫigalla, 50, 51, 80, 113, 168, 312

Libraries, 236

Limestone, 25, 45, 50, 51, 89, 159, 177, 259

Lion, 46, 80, 130

Lions represented on tiles, 28, 80, 107, 159, 236

Lizard, 49

_Logeion_, 305

Luschan, F. von, 165

Lydia, 270

Lysimachus, 270

Mace heads, 261

McGee, 195, 199, 309

Maër, 162

Magnetite, 268

Marble, 268

Marduk, 24, 25, 26, 45, 46, 51, 53, 54, 79, 85, 86, 134, 136, 138, 141, 151, 153, 168, 192, 195, 221, 236, 264; cellae of, 204, 210; Ekua, the chamber of, 211; emblem of, 164; festival of, 99; procession of, 196; sacred bark of, 257; statue of, 64, 222, 280; symbol of, 119, 269; Temple of, 15, 204

Marduk-aplu-iddina II., 311

Marduk-nâdin-shum, King, 221

_Maru_, 75

Mats, 30, 31

Melishikhu, 240, 264

Merkes, 15, 239, 244, 311; absence of glazed trough coffins, etc., in, 276; fore-leg of pachyderm found in, 271; houses in, 18, 52, 88, 114, 183, 238, 287, 292, 296, 305; Ishtar Temple, 313; mounds, 228; objects found in, 286; sarcophagi found at, 275; utensils and toys found in, 256; wall facings, 109

Merodach-Baladan, 240

Mesopotamia, 32, 94, 194

Mesopyrgion, 146, 148, 172, 201

Messerschmidt, 45

Metal stamp, 76

Mills, 260, 261

Mirage, 8

Mismakanna, 169

Moat-bridge, 180 wall, 136, 140, 144, 201, 202

Mongoose, 271

Mortar, 4, 247

Mossul, 110

Moulds, 28, 29

Mudshallibeh, 160

Mugwar, 162

Musical instruments, 284

Muss-Arnolt, 191

Musseyib, 10, 18, 108

_Mutbak_, 284

Mycenaean Period, 216

Myrina, 285

Nabalu, 12

Nabonidus, 80, 91, 166, 182, 203, 228, 300; bricks, 62, 68, 79, 240; inscription, 167; wall of, 31, 52, 53, 145, 313

Nabopolassar’s palace wall, 116

Nabû, 46, 54, 79, 136, 164, 231, 257

Nabubalatsuikbi, 79

Nagada, 256

Nana, gate of, 45

_Na’ura_, 19

Nebek tree, 168

Nebo, 193, 209, 269

Necklaces, 276

Necropolis, 182, 219

Nedjef, 183

Neo-Babylonian architecture, 242 Period, 52, 277, 312 script, 86, 166

Neriglissar, 51, 68, 79, 113, 125, 166, 171, 182, 192, 211

Niches, 104, 145, 204

Nil canal, 6

Nimitti-Bel, 32, 34, 44, 80, 138, 150, 152–154, 168, 173, 181, 223, 312

Nineveh, 5, 327

Ninib, identification of, 279; representation, 234; Temple of, 229, 231, 232, 236, 237, 243, 298, 299, 300, 312

Ninmach, 60, 61, 218; representation of, 277, 280; temple of, 55, 56, 65, 104, 181, 299

Ninus, 130

Nippur, 18, 19, 93, 216, 219, 295

Noah’s Ark, 18

Nusku, 193, 252

Oheimir, mound of, 14

Oil, 153

Omen-literature, 244

Onyx, 222, 233, 263, 265

Oppert’s excavations, 5