Chapter 58

The Last of Earth--Events of the Last Day of Lincoln's Life--The Last Cabinet Meeting--The Last Drive with Mrs. Lincoln--Incidents of the Afternoon--Riddance to Jacob Thompson--A Final Act of Pardon--The Fatal Evening--The Visit to the Theatre--The Assassin's Shot--A Scene of Horror--Particulars of the Crime--The Dying President--A Nation's Grief--Funeral Obsequies--The Return to Illinois--At Rest in Oak Ridge Cemetery.

It is something to be ever gratefully remembered, that the last day of Lincoln's life was filled with sunshine. His cares and burdens slipped from him like a garment, and his spirit was filled with a blessed and benignant peace.

On the morning of that fatal Friday, the 14th day of April, the President had a long conversation at breakfast with his son Robert, then a member of Grant's staff, who had just arrived from the front with additional particulars of Lee's surrender, of which event he had been a witness. The President listened with close attention to the interesting recital; then, taking up a portrait of General Lee, which his son had brought him, he placed it on the table before him, where he scanned it long and thoughtfully. Presently he said: "It is a good face. It is the face of a noble, brave man. I am glad that the war is over at last." Looking upon Robert, he continued: "Well, my son, you have returned safely from the front. The war is now closed, and we will soon live in peace with the brave men who have been fighting against us. I trust that the era of good feeling has returned, and that henceforth we shall live in harmony together."

After breakfast the President received Speaker Colfax, spending an hour or more in discussing his plans regarding the adjustment of matters in the South. This was followed by an interview with Hon. John P. Hale, the newly appointed Minister to Spain, and by calls of congratulation from members of Congress and old friends from Illinois. Afterwards he took a short drive with General Grant, who had just come to the city to consult regarding the disbandment of the army and the parole of prisoners. The people were wild with enthusiasm, and wherever the President and General Grant appeared they were greeted with cheers, the clapping of hands, waving of handkerchiefs, and every possible demonstration of delight.

At the Cabinet meeting held at noon the President was accompanied by General Grant. The meeting is thus described by one who was present, Secretary Welles: "Congratulations were interchanged, and earnest inquiry was made whether any information had been received from General Sherman. General Grant, who was invited to remain, said he was expecting hourly to hear from Sherman, and had a good deal of anxiety on the subject. The President remarked that the news would come soon and come favorably, he had no doubt, for he had last night his usual dream which had preceded nearly every important event of the war. I inquired the particulars of this remarkable dream. He said it was in my department--it related to the water; that he seemed to be in a singular and indescribable vessel, but always the same, and that he was moving with great rapidity toward a dark and indefinite shore; that he had had this singular dream preceding the firing on Sumter, the battles of Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg, Stone River, Vicksburg, Wilmington, etc. General Grant remarked, with some emphasis and asperity, that Stone River was no victory--that a few such victories would have ruined the country, and he knew of no important results from it. The President said that perhaps he should not altogether agree with him, but whatever might be the facts his singular dream preceded that fight. Victory did not always follow his dream, but the event and results were important. He had no doubt that a battle had taken place or was about being fought, 'and Johnston will be beaten, for I had this strange dream again last night. It must relate to Sherman; my thoughts are in that direction, and _I know of no other very important event which is likely just now to occur_.'" "Great events," adds Mr. Welles in his Diary, "did indeed follow; for within a few hours the good and gentle as well as truly great man who narrated his dream closed forever his earthly career."

After the Cabinet meeting the President took a drive with Mrs. Lincoln, expressing a wish that no one should accompany them. His heart was filled with a solemn joy, which awoke memories of the past to mingle with hopes for the future; and in this subdued moment he desired to be alone with the one who stood nearest to him in human relationship. In the course of their talk together, he said: "Mary, we have had a hard time of it since we came to Washington; but the war is over, and with God's blessing we may hope for four years of peace and happiness, and then we will go back to Illinois and pass the rest of our lives in quiet." He spoke, says Mr. Arnold, "of his old Springfield home; and recollections of his early days, his little brown cottage, the law office, the court room, the green bag for his briefs and law papers, his adventures when riding the circuit, came thronging back to him. The tension under which he had for so long been kept was removed, and he was like a boy out of school. 'We have laid by,' said he to his wife, 'some money, and during this term we will try and save up more, but shall not have enough to support us. We will go back to Illinois, and I will open a law office at Springfield or Chicago, and practise law, and at least do enough to help give us a livelihood.' Such were the dreams, the day-dreams of Lincoln, on the last day of his earthly life."

Mr. Neill, the President's private secretary, states that between three and four o'clock of this day he had occasion to seek the President to procure his signature to a paper. "I found," says Mr. Neill, "that he had retired to the private parlor of the house for lunch. While I was looking over the papers on his table, to see if I could find the desired commission, he came back, eating an apple. I told him what I was looking for, and as I talked he placed his hand upon the bell-pull. I said: 'For whom are you going to ring?' Placing his hand upon my coat, he spoke but two words: 'Andrew Johnson.' 'Then,' I said, 'I will come in again.' As I was leaving the room, the Vice-President had been ushered in, and the President advanced and took him by the hand."

Charles A. Dana, the Assistant Secretary of War, says that his last recollections of President Lincoln are indelibly associated with the seditious Jacob Thompson. "Late in the afternoon," says Mr. Dana, "a despatch was received at the War Department from the provost marshal of Portland, Maine, saying that he had received information that Jacob Thompson would arrive in Portland during that night, in order to take there the Canadian steamer which was to sail for Liverpool. On reading this despatch to Mr. Stanton, the latter said, 'Order him to be arrested--but no; you had better take it over to the President.' I found Mr. Lincoln in the inner room of his business office at the White House, with his coat off, washing his hands preparatory to a drive. 'Hello,' said he, 'what is it?' Listening to the despatch, he asked, 'What does Stanton say?' 'He thinks he ought to be arrested,' I replied. 'Well,' he continued, drawling his words, 'I rather guess not. When you have an elephant on your hands, and he wants to run away, better let him run.'"

During the afternoon the President signed a pardon for a soldier sentenced to be shot for desertion; remarking, as he did so, "Well, I think the boy can do us more good above ground than under ground." He also approved an application for the discharge, on taking the oath of allegiance, of a Southern prisoner, on whose petition he wrote, "_Let it be done_." This act of mercy was his last official order.

It had been decided early in the day that the President and Mrs. Lincoln would attend Ford's Theatre in the evening, to witness the play of "The American Cousin." Lincoln had invited General Grant to accompany his party to the theatre, saying that the people would expect to see him and should not be disappointed. But the General had declined, as Mrs. Grant was anxious to start that afternoon to visit their children, who were at school in Burlington, New Jersey.

As the hour approached for leaving for the theatre, the President was engaged in a conversation with two friends--Speaker Colfax and Hon. George Ashmun of Massachusetts. The business on which they had met not being concluded, the President gave Mr. Ashmun a card on which he had written these words: "Allow Mr. Ashmun and friend to come in at 9 A.M. to-morrow--A. Lincoln." He then turned to Mr. Colfax, saying, "You are going with Mrs. Lincoln and me to the theatre, I hope." Mr. Colfax pleaded other engagements, when Lincoln remarked: "Mr. Sumner has the gavel of the Confederate Congress, which he got at Richmond to hand to the Secretary of War. But I insisted then that he must give it to you; and you tell him for me to hand it over." He then rose, but seemed reluctant to go, expressing a half-determination to delay a while longer. It was undoubtedly to avoid disappointing the audience, to whom his presence had been promised, that he went to the play-house that night. At the door he stopped and said to Speaker Colfax, who was about to leave for the Pacific coast, "Colfax, do not forget to tell the people in the mining regions, as you pass through, what I told you this morning about the development when peace comes. I will telegraph you at San Francisco."

It was nine o'clock when the Presidential party reached the theatre. The place was crowded; "many ladies in rich and gay costumes, officers in their uniforms, many well-known citizens, young folks, the usual clusters of gaslights, the usual magnetism of so many people, cheerful, with perfumes, music of violins and flutes--and over all, and saturating all, that vast, vague wonder, Victory, the Nation's victory, the triumph of the Union, filling the air, the thought, the sense, with exhilaration more than all perfumes." As the President entered he was greeted with tremendous cheers, to which he responded with genial courtesy. The box reserved for him, at the right of the stage, a little above the floor, was draped and festooned with flags. As the party were seated, the daughter of Senator Harris of New York occupied the corner nearest the stage; next her was Mrs. Lincoln; and behind them sat the President and Major Rathbone, the former being nearest the door.

In his quiet chair he sate, Pure of malice or guile, Stainless of fear or hate; And there played a pleasant smile On the rough and careworn face,-- For his heart was all the while On means of mercy and grace.

The brave old flag drooped o'er him,-- A fold in the hard hand lay; He looked perchance on the play,-- But the scene was a shadow before him, For his thoughts were far away.

It was half-past ten o'clock, and the audience was absorbed in the progress of the play, when suddenly a pistol shot, loud and sharp, rang through the theatre. All eyes were instantly directed toward the President's box, whence the report proceeded. A moment later, the figure of a man, holding a smoking pistol in one hand and a dagger in the other, appeared at the front of the President's box, and sprang to the stage, some eight or ten feet below, shouting as he did so, "_Sic semper tyrannis!_" He fell as he struck the stage; but quickly recovering himself, sprang through the side-wings and escaped from the theatre by a rear door.

At the moment of the assassination a single actor, Mr. Hawk, was on the stage. In his account of the tragical event he says: "When I heard the shot fired, I turned, looked up at the President's box, heard the man exclaim, '_Sic semper tyrannis_!' saw him jump from the box, seize the flag on the staff, and drop to the stage. He slipped when he struck the stage, but got upon his feet in a moment, brandished a large knife, crying, 'The South shall be free,' turned his face in the direction where I stood, and I recognized him as John Wilkes Booth. He ran towards me, and I, seeing the knife, thought I was the one he was after, and ran off the stage and up a flight of stairs. He made his escape out of a door directly in the rear of the theatre, mounted a horse, and rode off. The above all occurred in the space of a quarter of a minute, and at the time I did not know the President was shot."

Scarcely had the horror-stricken audience witnessed the leap and flight of the asassin when a woman's shriek pierced through the theatre, recalling all eyes to the President's box. The scene that ensued is described with singular vividness by the poet Walt Whitman, who was present: "A moment's hush--a scream--the cry of murder--Mrs. Lincoln leaning out of the box, with ashy cheeks and lips, with involuntary cry, pointing to the retreating figure, '_He has killed the President!_' And still a moment's strange, incredulous suspense--and then the deluge!--then that mixture of horror, noises, uncertainty--(the sound, somewhere back, of a horse's hoofs clattering with speed)--the people burst through chairs and railing, and break them up--that noise adds to the queerness of the scene--there is inextricable confusion and terror--women faint--feeble persons fall and are trampled on--many cries of agony are heard--the broad stage suddenly fills to suffocation with a dense and motley crowd, like some horrible carnival--the audience rush generally upon it--at least the strong men do--the actors and actresses are there in their play costumes and painted faces, with mortal fright showing through the rouge--some trembling, some in tears--the screams and calls, confused talk--redoubled, trebled--two or three manage to pass up water from the stage to the President's box--others try to clamber up. Amidst all this, a party of soldiers, two hundred or more, hearing what is done, suddenly appear; they storm the house, inflamed with fury, literally charging the audience with fixed bayonets, muskets, and pistols, shouting, 'Clear out! clear out!'.... And in the midst of that pandemonium of senseless haste--the infuriated soldiers, the audience, the stage, its actors and actresses, its paints and spangles and gaslights,--the life blood from those veins, the best and sweetest of the land, drips slowly down, and death's ooze already begins its little bubbles on the lips."

It appears that Booth, the assassin, had long been plotting the murder of the President, and was awaiting a favorable moment for its execution. He had visited the theatre at half-past eleven on the morning of the 14th, and learned that a box had been taken for the President that evening. He engaged a fleet horse for a saddle-ride in the afternoon, and left it at a convenient place. In the evening he rode to the theatre, and, leaving the animal in charge of an accomplice, entered the house. Making his way to the door of the President's box, and taking a small Derringer pistol in one hand and a double-edged dagger in the other, he thrust his arm into the entrance, where the President, sitting in an arm-chair, presented to his view the back and side of his head. A flash, a sharp report, a puff of smoke, and the fatal bullet had entered the President's brain.

Major Rathbone, who occupied a seat in the President's box, testifies that he was sitting with his back toward the door, when he heard the discharge of a pistol behind him, and looking around saw through the smoke a man between the door and the President. Major Rathbone instantly sprang toward him and seized him; the man wrested himself from his grasp, and made a violent thrust at the Major's breast with a large knife. The Major parried the blow by striking it up, and received a wound in his left arm. The man rushed to the front of the box, and the Major endeavored to seize him again, but only caught his clothes as he was leaping over the railing of the box. Major Rathbone then turned to the President. His position was not changed; his head was slightly bent forward, and his eyes were closed.

As soon as the surgeons who had been summoned completed their hasty examination, the unconscious form of the President was borne from the theatre to a house across the street, and laid upon his death-bed. Around him were gathered Surgeon-General Barnes, Vice-President Johnson, Senator Sumner, Secretaries Stanton and Welles, Generals Halleck and Meigs, Attorney-General Speed, Postmaster-General Dennison, Mr. McCulloch, Speaker Colfax, and other intimate friends who had been hastily summoned. Mrs. Lincoln sat in an adjoining room, prostrate and overwhelmed, with her son Robert. The examination of the surgeons had left no room for hope. The watchers remained through the night by the bedside of the stricken man, who showed no signs of consciousness; and a little after seven o'clock in the morning--Saturday the 15th of April--he breathed his last.

A vivid account of the death-bed scene, together with particulars of the attacks upon Secretary Seward and his son Frederick a half-hour later than the attack upon the President, is furnished in the contemporaneous record of Secretary Welles, a singularly cool observer and clear narrator. "I had retired to bed about half-past ten on the evening of the 14th of April," writes Mr. Welles, "and was just getting asleep when Mrs. Welles, my wife, said some one was at our door.... I arose at once and raised a window, when my messenger, James Smith, called to me that Mr. Lincoln, the President, had been shot; and said Secretary Seward and his son, Assistant Secretary Frederick Seward, were assassinated.... I immediately dressed myself, and, against the earnest remonstrance and appeals of my wife, went directly to Mr. Seward's, whose residence was on the east side of the square, mine being on the north.... Entering the house, I found the lower hall and office full of persons, and among them most of the foreign legations, all anxiously inquiring what truth there was in the horrible rumors afloat.... At the head of the first stairs I met the elder Mrs. Seward, who was scarcely able to speak, but desired me to proceed up to Mr. Seward's room.... As I entered, I met Miss Fanny Seward, with whom I exchanged a single word, and proceeded to the foot of the bed. Dr. Verdi, and, I think, two others, were there. The bed was saturated with blood. The Secretary was lying on his back, the upper part of his head covered by a cloth, which extended down over his eyes. His mouth was open, the lower jaw dropping down. I exchanged a few whispered words with Dr. Verdi. Secretary Stanton, who came after but almost simultaneously with me, made inquiries in a louder tone till admonished by a word from one of the physicians. We almost immediately withdrew and went into the adjoining front room, where lay Frederick Seward. His eyes were open, but he did not move them, nor a limb, nor did he speak. Doctor White, who was in attendance, told me he was unconscious and more dangerously injured than his father.... As we descended the stairs, I asked Stanton what he had heard in regard to the President that was reliable. He said the President was shot at Ford's Theatre, that he had seen a man who was present and witnessed the occurrence. I said I would go immediately to the White House. Stanton told me the President was not there but was at the theatre. 'Then,' said I, 'let us go immediately there.' ... The President had been carried across the street from the theatre, to the house of a Mr. Peterson. We entered by ascending a flight of steps above the basement and passing through a long hall to the rear, where the President lay extended on a bed, breathing heavily. Several surgeons were present, at least six, I should think more. Among them I was glad to observe Dr. Hall, who, however, soon left. I inquired of Dr. H., as I entered, the true condition of the President. He replied the President was dead to all intents, although he might live three hours or perhaps longer.... The giant sufferer lay extended diagonally across the bed, which was not long enough for him. He had been stripped of his clothes. His large arms, which were occasionally exposed, were of a size which one would scarce have expected from his spare appearance. His slow, full respiration lifted the clothes with each breath that he took. His features were calm and striking. I had never seen them appear to better advantage than for the first hour, perhaps, that I was there. After that, his right eye began to swell and that part of his face became discolored ... Senator Sumner was there, I think, when I entered. If not, he came in soon after, as did Speaker Colfax, Mr. Secretary McCulloch, and the other members of the Cabinet, with the exception of Mr. Seward. A double guard was stationed at the door and on the sidewalk, to repress the crowd, which was of course highly excited and anxious. The room was small and overcrowded. The surgeons and members of the Cabinet were as many as should have been in the room, but there were many more, and the hall and other rooms in the front or main house were full. One of these rooms was occupied by Mrs. Lincoln and her attendants, with Miss Harris. Mrs. Dixon and Mrs. Kinney came to her about twelve o'clock. About once an hour Mrs. Lincoln would repair to the bedside of her dying husband and with lamentations and tears remain until overcome by emotion.... A door which opened upon a porch or gallery, and also the windows, were kept open for fresh air. The night was dark, cloudy, and damp, and about six it began to rain. I remained in the room until then without sitting or leaving it, when, there being a vacant chair which some one left at the foot of the bed, I occupied it for nearly two hours, listening to the heavy groans, and witnessing the wasting life of the good and great man who was expiring before me.... A little before seven in the morning I re-entered the room where the dying President was rapidly drawing near the closing moments. His wife soon after made her last visit to him. The death-struggle had begun. Robert, his son, stood with several others at the head of the bed. The respiration of the President became suspended at intervals, and at last entirely ceased at twenty-two minutes past seven o'clock."

The news of the President's assassination flashed rapidly over the country, everywhere causing the greatest consternation and grief. The revulsion from the joy which had filled all loyal hearts at the prospects of peace was sudden and profound. All business ceased, and gave way to mourning and lamentation. The flags, so lately unfurled in exultation, were now dropped at half-mast, and emblems of sorrow were hung from every door and window. Men walked with a dejected air. They gathered together in groups in the street, and spoke of the murder of the President as of a personal calamity. The nation's heart was smitten sorely, and signs of woe were in every face and movement.

A scene which transpired in Philadelphia, the morning after the murder, reflects the picture presented in every city and town in the United States. "We had taken our seats," says the delineator, "in the early car to ride down town, men and boys going to work. The morning papers had come up from town as usual, and the men unrolled them to read as the car started. The eye fell on the black border and ominous column-lines. Before we could speak, a good Quaker at the head of the car broke out in horror: 'My God! What's this? _Lincoln is assassinated._' The driver stopped the car, and came in to hear the awful tidings. There stood the car, mid-street, as the heavy news was read in the gray dawn of that ill-fated day. Men bowed their faces in their hands, and on the straw-covered floor hot tears fell fast. Silently the driver took the bells from his horses, and we started like a hearse cityward. What a changed city since the day before! Then all was joy over the end of the war; now we were plunged in a deeper gulf of woe. The sun rose on a city smitten and weeping. All traffic stood still; the icy hand of death lay flat on the heart of commerce, and it gave not a throb. Men stood by their open stores saying, with hands on each other's shoulders, 'Our President is dead.' Over and over, in a dazed way, they said the fateful syllables, as if the bullet that tore through the weary brain at Washington had palsied the nation. The mute news-boy on the corner said never a word as he handed to the speechless buyers the damp sheets from the press; only he brushed, with unwashed hand, the tears from his dirty cheeks. Groups stood listening on the pavement with faces to the earth, while one, in choking voice, read the telegrams; then with a look they departed in unworded woe, each cursing bitterly in his breast the 'deep damnation of his taking off.' Mill operatives, clerks, workers, school children, all came home, the faltering voice of the teacher telling the wondering children to 'go home, there will be no school to-day.' The housewife looked up amazed to see husband and children coming home so soon. The father's face frightened her and she cried, 'What is wrong, husband?' He could not speak the news, but the wee girl with the school-books said, 'Mamma, they've killed the President.' Ere noon every house wore crape; it was as if there lay a dead son in every home. For hours a sad group hung around the bulletins, hoping against hope; then, when the last hope died, turned sullenly homeward, saying, 'When all was won, and all was done, then to strike him down!' The flags in the harbor fell to half-mast; the streets were rivers of inky streamers; from door-knobs floated crape; and even the unbelled car-horses seemed to draw the black-robed cars more quietly than before."

On Saturday the remains were borne to the White House, where they were embalmed and placed on a grand catafalque in the East Room. Little "Tad" was overcome with grief. All day Saturday he was inconsolable, but on Sunday morning the sun rose bright and beautiful and into his childish heart came the thought that all was well with his father. He said to a gentleman who called upon Mrs. Lincoln, "Do you think, sir, that my father has gone to heaven?" "I have not a doubt of it," was the reply. "Then," said the little fellow in broken voice, "I am glad he has gone there, for he was never happy after he came here. This was not a good place for him!" Tuesday the White House was thrown open to admit friends who desired to look upon the still form as it lay in death. Wednesday, the 19th, the funeral services took place. Mrs. Lincoln was too ill to be present; but her two sons sat near the coffin in the East Room. Next in order were ranged Andrew Johnson (now President) and the members of the Cabinet, and after them the foreign representatives, the chief men of the nation, and a large body of mourning citizens. The services were conducted jointly by the Rev. Dr. Hall, Bishop Simpson, Dr. Gray, and the Rev. Dr. Gurley, the latter delivering the discourse. At two o'clock the funeral cortege started for the Capitol, where the remains were to lie in state until the following morning. The procession was long and imposing. "There were no truer mourners," says Secretary Welles, "than the poor colored people who crowded the streets, joined the procession, and exhibited their woe, bewailing the loss of him whom they regarded as a benefactor and father. Women as well as men, with their little children, thronged the streets, sorrow and trouble and distress depicted on their countenances and in their bearing. The vacant holiday expression had given way to real grief." The body was borne into the rotunda, amidst funeral dirges and military salutes; and the religious exercises of the occasion were concluded. A guard was stationed near the coffin, and the public were again admitted to take their farewell of the dead. While these obsequies were being performed at Washington, similar ceremonies were observed in every part of the country. It had been decided to convey the remains of Lincoln to the home which he left four years before with such solemn and affectionate words of parting. The funeral train left Washington on the 21st. Its passage through the principal Eastern States and cities of the Union was a most mournful and impressive spectacle. The heavily craped train, its sombre engine swathed in black, moved through the land like an eclipse. At every point vast crowds assembled to gain a tearful glimpse as it sped past.

Over the breast of the spring, the land, amid cities, Amid lanes and through old woods, where lately the violets peep'd from the ground, spotting the gray debris, Amid the grass in the fields each side of the lanes, passing the endless grass, Passing the yellow-spear'd wheat, every grain from its shroud in the dark-brown fields uprisen, Passing the apple-tree blows of white and pink in the orchards, Carrying a corpse to where it shall rest in the grave, Night and day journeys a coffin.

Coffin that passes through lanes and streets, Through day and night with the great cloud darkening the land, With the pomp of the inloop'd flags, with the cities draped in black, With the show of the States themselves as of crape-veil'd women standing, With processions long and winding and the flambeaus of the night, With the countless torches lit, with the silent sea of faces and the unbared heads, With the waiting depot, the arriving coffin, and the sombre faces, With dirges through the night, with the thousand voices rising strong and solemn, With all the mournful voices of the dirges pour'd around the coffin, The dim-lit churches and the shuddering organs-- With the tolling, tolling bells' perpetual clang.

At the principal cities delays were made to enable the people to pay their tribute of respect to the remains of their beloved President. Through Baltimore, Harrisburg, Philadelphia, the train passed to New York City, where a magnificent funeral was held; thence along the shore of the Hudson river to Albany, thence westward through the principal cities of New York, Ohio, and Northern Indiana, the cortege wended its solemn way, reaching, on the 1st of May, the city of Chicago. Here very extensive preparations for funeral obsequies had been made by the thousands who had known him in his life, and other thousands who had learned to love him and now mourned his death.

On the 3d of May the funeral train reached Springfield, where old friends and neighbors tenderly received the dust of their beloved dead. Funeral services were held, and for twenty-four hours the catafalque remained in the hall of the House, where thousands of tear-dimmed eyes gazed for the last time upon the familiar face. Then, on the morning of the 4th of May, a sorrowing procession escorted the remains to the beautiful grounds of Oak Ridge Cemetery, to rest at last from the care and tumult of a troubled life. To this hallowed spot have come the gray-haired soldiers of that stormy war, reverently to salute their great commander's tomb. Here shall long be paid the loving homage of the dusky race that he redeemed. And pilgrims from every land, who value human worth and human liberty, bring here their tributes of respect. And here, while the Government that he saved endures, shall throng his patriot countrymen, not idly to lament his loss, but to resolve _that from this honored dead they take increased devotion to that cause for which he gave the last full measure of devotion; that the dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth_.

NOTES

[A] The popular vote was as follows: Lincoln, 1,857,610; Douglas, 1,291,574; Breckenridge, 850,082; Bell, 646,124. Of the electoral votes, Lincoln had 180; Breckenridge, 72; Bell, 39; and Douglas, 12.

[B] On the very day of Lincoln's arrival in Washington, he said to some prominent men who had called upon him at his hotel, "As the country has placed me at the helm of the ship, I'll try to steer her through."

[C] This first call for troops was supplemented a month later (May 16) by a call for 42,034 volunteers for three years, for 22,114 officers and men for the regular army, and 18,000 seamen for the navy.

[D] Orpheus C. Kerr (_Office Seeker_) was the pseudonymn of Robert H. Newell, a popular humorist of the war period, who dealt particularly with the comic aspects of Washington and army life.

[E] Lincoln never lost his interest in exhibitions of physical strength, and involuntarily he always compared its possessor with himself. On one occasion--it was in 1859--he was asked to make an address at the State Fair of Wisconsin, which was held at Milwaukee. Among the attractions was a "strong man" who went through the usual performance of tossing iron balls and letting them roll back down his arms, lifting heavy weights, etc. Apparently Lincoln had never seen such a combination of strength and agility before. He was greatly interested. Every now and then he gave vent to the ejaculation, "By George! By George!" After the speech was over, Governor Hoyt introduced him to the athlete; and as Lincoln stood looking down at him from his great height, evidently pondering that one so small could be so strong, he suddenly gave utterance to one of his quaint speeches. "Why," he said, "I could lick salt off the top of your hat!"

[F] Hon. George S. Boutwell of Massachusetts stated Lincoln said to him personally: "When Lee came over the river, I made a resolution that if McClellan drove him back I would send the proclamation after him. The battle of Antietam was fought Wednesday, and until Saturday I could not find out whether we had gained a victory or lost a battle. It was then too late to issue the proclamation that day; and the fact is, I fixed it up a little on Sunday, and Monday I let them have it."

[G] The cause of General Hooker's seeming stupefaction at the critical point of the Chancellorsville battle has been much discussed but never satisfactorily explained. It has been thought that he was disabled by the shock of a cannon-ball striking a post or pillar of the house where he had his headquarters. An interesting entry in Welles's Diary, made soon after the battle, reflects somewhat the feeling at the time. "Sumner expresses an absolute want of confidence in Hooker; says he knows him to be a blasphemous wretch; that after crossing the Rappahannock and reaching Centreville, Hooker exultingly exclaimed, 'The enemy are in my power, and God Almighty cannot deprive me of them.' I have heard before of this, but not so direct and positive. The sudden paralysis that followed, when the army in the midst of a successful career was suddenly checked and commenced its retreat, has never been explained. Whiskey is said by Sumner to have done the work. The President said that if Hooker had been killed by the shot which knocked over the pillar that stunned him, we should have been successful."

[H] General T.R. Tannatt, a graduate of West Point in 1858, is now (1913) an active and honored citizen of Spokane, Washington.

[I] The criticism of Meade for not attacking Lee before he recrossed the Potomac is based on the assumption that the attack must be successful. On this point Meade's words to Halleck, written in reply to the latter's conciliatory letter of July 28, can hardly be ignored. "Had I attacked Lee the day I proposed to do so, and in the ignorance that then existed of his position, I have every reason to believe the attack would have been unsuccessful, and would have resulted disastrously. This opinion is founded on the judgment of a number of distinguished officers after inspecting Lee's vacated works and position. Among these officers I could name Generals Sedgwick, Wright, Slocum, Hays, Sykes, and others." In other words the attack which Meade has been so severely blamed for not making might have ended in reversing the results at Gettysburg, losing all we had gained at such terrible cost, placed Washington and other Northern cities in far more deadly peril, and changing the whole subsequent issues of the war.

[J] A curious revelation of the estimate of General Halleck held by at least one member of the Cabinet, and of the relations between Halleck and the President, is found in Welles's Diary in the record of a rather free conversation with the President during the anxious period about the time of the battle of Gettysburg. Says Mr. Welles: "I stated I had observed the inertness if not the incapacity of the General-in-Chief, and had hoped that he [the President], who had better and more correct views, would issue peremptory orders. The President immediately softened his tone, and said, 'Halleck knows better than I what to do. He is a military man, has had a military education. I brought him here to give me military advice. His views and mine are widely different. It is better that I, who am not a military man, should defer to him, rather than he to me.' This," continues Mr. Welles, "is the President's error. His own convictions and conclusions are infinitely superior to Halleck's; even in military operations, more sensible and more correct always.... Halleck has no activity; never exhibits sagacity or foresight." And in another place in the same Diary we are given this singular picture by a Cabinet minister of the man who was at that moment the General-in-Chief of the Union armies and the military adviser of the President: "Halleck sits and smokes, and swears, and scratches his arm, but exhibits little military capacity or intelligence; is obfuscated, muddy, uncertain, stupid as to what is doing or to be done."

INDEX

_[The abbreviation "L.," as used in this index, refers in every case to the subject of this biography_.]

Abolitionists, Bloomington convention, 165-169; crusade against slavery, 244-245; "Boston set" visits L., 482-484

Adams, Charles Francis, 343

Adams, John Quincy, 100, 549

Agassiz, Louis, visits L., 475-476

Alabama, secedes, 261

Allen, Robert, L's letter to, 59

Ames, Dr., 232

Ames, Oakes, 482

Anderson, Robert, meetings with L., 39-40; holds Fort Sumter, 262

Andrew, John A., mentioned, 234, 342, 466; impression of L., 235

Anecdotes of L., Aaron's commission from the Lord, 477; Abolitionist call for a convention, 165-166; About his wealth, 216; Actor who wanted consulship, 470; Anderson and L's good memory, 39-40; Anxiety during summer of 1864, 542-546; Artemus Ward, reading of, 332-333; Attorney for the people, 459; Authenticity of, 32; Baker rescued from opponents, 91; "Biggest shuck and smallest nubbin," 556; Birds restored to nest, 76; Black Hawk War, 37, 38, 40; Bob Lewis and the Mormon lands, 334-335; Booth's acting, 469; Bores, getting rid of, 460; Breach of promise suit, 81-82; Bread and butter dinner, 255; Bullet-hole through L's hat, 541-542; Burnside's brigadiers, promoted, 385; Butterfield's son, appointment, 107; "Cabinet a-sittin'," 330; Call for additional troops "not a personal question," 537; Cashiered officer, censured, 477-478; Challenge to work in field for votes, 48; "Charles I. lost his head," 556; Chase's appointment as chief-justice, 550-551; Client's fee divided with defendant, 128-129; Cogdal note returned by L., 136; Confederate soldiers greeting at Petersburg, 567-568; Congress, first speech in, 101; Credits of troops, Stanton overmatched, 376; Coward, "If any man calls me coward let him test it," 38; Darkey arithmetic, 357-358; Dennis Hanks' recollections, 6-9; Douglas reproved, 203; Dreams significant, 583-584; DuPont's slowness, 457-458; Earning the first dollar, 17-18; Editor who nominated L., 460-461; Election clerk, first official act, 32; Five Points Sunday School visit, 225-226; Forced serenity deceptive, 542; Free-soil party, prediction, 172-174; Gavel of Confederate congress, 586-587; Gettysburg battle, L's anxiety during, 499-500; "Give and take" rule for office-seekers, 295-296; Government on a tight rope, 484; Grant accused of drunkenness, 524; Grant invited to dinner, 520-521; Grant's ability to manage the army, 526-527; Grant's political aspirations, 523; Greeley's criticism, 429; Gunboat advice to New Yorkers, 338; Herndon's convictions on slavery, 166-167; Hooker's appointment, 487-488; Hooker's self-confidence, 491-492; Horsemanship tested by McClellan, 415-416; Horses captured by guerillas, 399; Horse-trading, 140; Ignorance of Latin admitted, 468-469; Impromptu speeches written, 471; Inaugural message, loss of, 283; Indian protected by L., 37; Jack-knife given him because of ugliness, 83; Jacob Thompson, proposed arrest, 585-586; Jefferson Davis and the troublesome coon story, 580; Johnnie Kongapod, 81; Joseph Jefferson and his players, 79; Kerr's papers enjoyed, 334; Kindness to birds, 76; Kindness to old colored woman, 128; Kindness to old John Burns, 515; Last drive with wife, 584-585; Law cases refused on moral grounds, 137-138; Lawsuits, gaining advantage in, 80-82; Lee, attitude of L. toward, 582; Lightning rod and Forquer, 56-57; Logan and his shirt, 139-140; "Long sword in a short scabbard," 566-567; Loyalty to old friends, Hubbard, 458-459; McClellan's body-guard, 417-418; McClellan's fatigued horses, 416; McClellan's pass to Richmond, 454; McCormick reaper case, 173-175; McCullough thanked by L., 469-470; Major-generals and hard tack, 400; Manners, first lesson, 13; Measuring backs with Sumner, 336; Measuring height with Ab McElrath, 274-275; Measuring height with a Southerner, 247; Measuring height with a young "Sucker," 254; Meeting with Smoot, 29-30; Mrs. White, southern sympathizer, 453; "Monarch of all you survey," 47; Name refused for commercial use, 452; Negroes at White House reception, 552-553; Negroes welcome their "Great Messiah," 569-571; Noisy and boastful fighter, 189; Office-seeker from Wisconsin repulsed, 353; Office-seeker, unfit, 307; Old sign, "Lincoln and Herndon," 264-265; Old woman and the bread and milk, 255; One-legged soldier, lack of credentials, 451-452; Oratorical success discussed with Gulliver, 222-223; Pardon for deserters, 397; Pardon for young soldier, 396-397; Pardoning prisoners of war, 578-580; Pass given Laura Jones, Southerner, 453; Paymaster, appointment, 377-378; Philadelphia receives news of L's death, 594-596; Pig rescued from a pit, 76-77; Pigeon holes versus letter files, 474; Powder sample, testing, 383-384; Quaker demand for emancipation, 425-427; Quakers sent home, 398; Rail making, 230-231; Reading Nasby during election returns, 548; Rebel mail examined, 354-355; Rebels number twelve hundred thousand, 454; Revolutionary War defended, 77-78; Sandwich Islands, commissioner, applicants, 339; School of events, suggestion, 475; Scott's request concerning wife's body, 408-410; Scott "unable as a politician," 337; Sherman and the officer, 328-329; Sherman after Bull Run, 327-329; Sherman's visit from Louisiana, 299; Sitting for life-mask, 237-243; Skunks, shooting, 373-374; Slave girl sold, 147; Slavery speech criticised by Long, 181-182; Soldiers' humor, 399, 400; "Something everybody can take," 460; South Carolina lady's visit, 297-298; Stanton calls L. a d----d fool, 378; "Stoning Stephen," 204; Storekeeper in New Salem, 43; Strength, physical, 92-93; Stump speech, first appearance, 41; Sun doesn't set, 20; Swapping horses mid stream, 535; Sykes's yellow dog 525-526; Tad and the scattered pages of L's speech, 575-576; Tad's grief over death of father, 596; "Taking the wind out of his sails," 88; Talking against time, 80; Taylor's fine clothes, 57-58; Thrashing a bully, 28-29; "To whom it may concern," 539; Trousers requested by office-seeker,569; Trust in God, 351-352; Use of old-fashioned words, 139; Used on adversaries, 86; Verses written from memory, 356; Vicksburg, joy of L., 501; Wade's effort to remove Grant, 503; Weem's life of Washington, 15; Whigs all dead, 157; Wood-craft knowledge, 474-475; Wrestling match with Jack Armstrong, 28

Antietam, battle of, 414, 437; L's dream, 583

Appomattox, Lee's surrender at, 573

Armstrong, Hannah, 133-135

Armstrong, Hugh, 30

Armstrong, Jack, trial of strength, 28; early friend, 133

Armstrong, John, quoted, 178

Armstrong, William D., defended by L., 133-135

Arnold, Isaac N., quoted, 3, 14, 19, 31, 56, 59, 72, 150, 153, 185, 190, 205, 232, 244, 297-298, 299-301, 332-333, 422-423, 466-467, 468, 545, 584-585; interview with L., 422-423; mentioned, 237

Arnold, Matthew, quoted, 546

Ashley, Hon. James M., constitutional amendment introduced by, 554

Ashmore, Congressman, of South Carolina, quoted, 431

Ashmun, George, mentioned, 241-243, 586

Austin, G.L., quoted, 136

Baker, Edward D., mentioned, 74, 186; refuses to defend slaves, 77; Whig debater, 89; personal and political friend of L., 91; elected congressman, 97; killed at Balls' Bluff, 131; magnanimity of L. towards, 159; introduced L. at inauguration, 284

Balch, George B., quoted, 21-23

Baltimore, republican convention at, 1864, 534

Bancroft, George, contrasted with L., 217; quoted, 578

Banks, Nathaniel P., 501

Barnes, Surgeon-General, 591

Barrett, J.H., quoted, 23-24, 26

Bateman, Newton, quoted, 202-203, 245-247

Bates, Edward, candidate for president,231; made attorney general, 293, 294; characterized, 366; visits army with L., 490; resignation, 552

Beckwith, H.W., 81

Beecher, Henry Ward, abolition sermons read by L., 166; invites L. to speak in his church, 214; eloquent abolitionist, 245

Bell, John, nominated for president, 251

Bennett, John, impressions of L., 67-68

Bible, L's knowledge of, 118; L. quotes from, 473; L's opinion of, 478

Bigelow, John, quoted, 303-304, 345, 359-361, 363-364, 513, 514, 546-547

Bird, Francis, W., 482

Birney, Zachariah, L's school-master, 11

Bissell, William H., mentioned, 74-209

Bixby, Mrs., 397-398

Black Hawk War, L's military experience in, 35-40

Blaine, James G., compares Lincoln and Douglas, 183-185

Blair, F.P., attacks Chase, 533; reprehended by L., 534

Blair, Montgomery, made postmaster general, 293-294; arming of negroes deprecated by, 436; residence fired, 536; resignation, 551

Bloomington Convention, 165-169

Bonham, Jeriah, quoted, 180, 197, 203

Boone, Daniel, 2

Booneville, Ind., L. attends court, 9, 19

Booth, Edwin, L's enjoyment of his acting, 469

Booth, John Wilkes, assassination of L., 588-590

Boston delegation, conference with L., 482

Boutwell, George S., quoted, 437

Bowles, Samuel, quoted, 206

Brainard and Knott, quoted, 220

Breckenridge, John A., early influence on L., 9, 19

Breckenridge, John C, nominated for president, 250

Breese, Sidney, dignity, 84; quoted, 141

Brewster, Father, 204

Bright, John, 357

Brooklyn, L's lecture trip, 214-215

Brooks, Senator, knocks down Sumner, 245; quoted, 192

Brooks, Noah P., 470; quoted, 171-173, 462-463, 466-467, 471, 474, 490, 491-492, 493, 543, 546; describes L's last speech, 575-576

Brooks, Phillips, quoted, 478-479

Bross, John A., 538

Bross, William, first meeting with L., 170; interview with L., 265, 538-539

Brough, John, victorious governor of Ohio, 510; effort to reconcile L. and Chase, 549

Brown, John, 485

Browne, Francis Fisher, biographical sketch, v-vii

Browning, O.H., mentioned, 74-186; Whig debater, 89; inaugural party, member of, 266, 275

Browning Robert, L's fondness for his poetry, 387

Bryan, Thomas B., purchases MS. of emancipation proclamation, 445

Bryan, William J., on L. as an orator, 473

Bryant, William Cullen, presided over Cooper Institute meeting, 217; abolitionist, 245; favored L. for presidency, 247-248

Buchanan, James, mentioned, 294, 295; treachery during his administration, 261-262; escorts L. to Capitol, 284-286; characterized, 291; escorts L. to White House, 292

Bull Run, battle of, depression after, 326-437; L's dream, 583, second battle, 411

Bulwer-Lytton, mentioned, 469

Burns, John, 515

Burns, Robert, L's fondness for his poetry, 466

Burnside, Ambrose E., Fredericksburg repulse, 368,487,488; victories in N.C., 385; unpopularity, 404; replaces McClellan, 417; L's opinion of, 487

Bushnell, C.S., agent for Ericsson, 345, 346

Butler, William, L. boards with, in Springfield, 70

Butterfield, Daniel, 493

Butterfield, Justin, mentioned, 74; appointed commissioner of land office, 106; son of, desires appointment, 107

Byron, Lord, L's fondness for his poetry, 132; quoted, 350

Cabinet, L's political rivals chosen, 256; L's non-partisan ideas, 256, 259; makeup discussed with Weed, 257-259; with Riddle, 275; Banks considered, 283; final appointments and how decided, 293; changes during administration, 294; meetings enlivened by stories, 336; L's relations with, 363; misconceptions of rights and duties, 364; unfriendly feeling between members, 365; earliest meetings informal, 365-366; attitude toward the war, 366-367; personal dissensions, 367-370; Seward's removal demanded, 368; Chase and Seward resignations, 368-370; Stanton the master-mind, 370-371; Cameron's relations with L., 371-373; Stanton succeeds Cameron, 372-373; Senators advise reconstruction of, 373-374; Stanton's relations with L., 374-379; opposes L's reinstatement of McClellan, 412-413; attitude toward emancipation, 432; preliminary proclamation discussed, L's own account, 436-438; second draft discussed, 437-439, 444; disposal of freedmen discussed, 439-440; Chase finally disposed of, 549-550; Blair succeeded by Dennison, 551; Bates resigns, 552; ignored by L., 555; last meeting attended by L., 580-581, 583-584

Calhoun, John C, mentioned, 186; appoints L. deputy surveyor, 47; democratic debater, 89; congressman, 100

California, L.'s desire to live in, 549

Cameron, Simon, mentioned, 506; congressman, 100; presidential candidate, 231; cabinet possibility, 275; secretary of war, 293, 294, 298; retirement from the cabinet, 371-373; advocates arming the blacks, 447

Campbell, Major, rescues fugitive slaves, 248

Campbell, John A., Southern peace commissioner, 555

Canada, rebel agents in, 352-353

Capital and labor. _See_ Labor and capital

Carpenter, Francis B., mentioned, 469; quoted, 234, 436-437, 464-465, 544, 573

Cartwright, Peter, 99

Cass, Lewis, mentioned, 100; ridiculed by L., 102-104

Caton, John Dean, first meeting with L., 60-61; opinion of L. as lawyer, 141-142; fugitive slave decision, 248; advice on war policy, 255-256

Chancellorsville, battle of, 492-494, 496-497, 506

Chandler, Zack, aids L. in Schofield matter, 456; quoted, 498-499; lack of military judgment, 505

Channing, William Henry, abolitionist, 245; conversation with L. on slavery, 427-428

Chapman, Colonel, quoted, 263-264

Chapman, Mrs., 263; quoted, 113

Charleston, L's opinion of situation, 490-491

Chase, Salmon P., mentioned, 185, 501, 548; opposes Nebraska bill, 153; presidential candidate, 231-233, 532; logic of, 245; cabinet possibility, 258-275, 371; secretary of the treasury, 293, 294, 297; rivalry with Seward, 366-370; upholds Stanton, 368; resignation and withdrawal, 369-370; consulted about Stanton, 373; opposes negro enlistment, 373; visits Fortress Monroe with L., 386-392; opinion of emancipation proclamation, 436; contribution to emancipation proclamation, 444; rupture with Lincoln, 532-534; second resignation offered, 549; accepted, 550; appointed Chief Justice, 550-551; quoted, 367

Chattanooga, Grant's success, 516

Chicago, L. visits N.B. Judd, 117-118; national republican convention, 231-237; memorial on emancipation, 427; Northwestern fair, 445; funeral services for L., 598

Chicago Historical Society, owned emancipation proclamation MS., 445

Cincinnati, L's first visit, 173-176; L's second visit, 213; visits on inaugural journey, 270-273;

City Point, visited by L., 562-566

Civil War, L's peace pleas before war, extract, 158, 270; L. foresees coming struggle, 255-256; L. promises to promote peace, 268; workingmen offer support for freedom, 271-273; L's reluctance to express opinion, 272-273; L's peace plea in inaugural speech, 287-291; Washington swarms with rebels, 292; desperate condition of treasury, 292; secession a political issue, 292-293 Stanton's loyalty to Union, 295; faithless officials in departments, 295; L's conquest of a South Carolinian, 297-298 Louisiana's war preparations, 299; Sumter attack, 312; call for volunteers, 312-314; Massachusetts first in field, 314; Baltimore attack, 315; Douglas stands by government, 315-316; Washington thrills over Sumter, 316; blockade of Southern ports, proclamation, 318 Key West, Tortugas, and Santa Rosa proclamation, 318; Virginia asks expression of federal policy, 318; L's reply, 319-320; L's hope for Union, 320; L's desire to retain Kentucky, 320-321; Kentucky saved to Union, 321-322; special session of Congress, 322; L's appeal for funds and men, 323-325; preparations, 325-326; review of N.Y. troops, 326; Bull Run, 326; L. visits army in Virginia, 327-329; L's anxiety after Bull Run, 329-331; Harper's Ferry, 333-334; fleet urged to draw rebels from Washington, 337; L. refuses gun-boat to New Yorkers, 338; Trent affair, Mason and Slidell, 340-345; English neutrality established, 343; English controversies, 344-345 Ericsson's "Monitor,", 345-347; Ross's mission to Canada; 352-355; L's reply on number of losses, 357-358; friction concerning direction, 366-368; negro enlistment, recommended, 373; Sabin's appointment, 377-378 inertia of proceedings, 380-381; L. develops military sagacity, 381-385; brightening prospects, proclamation, 385-386; L. visits Fortress Monroe, 386-392; Merrimac and Monitor, 390-391; Norfolk captured, 390-391; L's letter to McClellan on over-cautiousness, 392-395 L's sympathy for soldiers, 395-402; visits hospitals, 400-401; L's letter to McClellan concerning route to Richmond, 405-407; impatience over approach to Richmond, 406-408; strain of summer of 1862, 408; refusal of leave for Scott, 408-410; McClellan's army ordered withdrawn, 410; Pope's defeat at Manassas, 410-411; McClellan's reinstatement, 411-413; Washington peril, 413; Antietam victory, 414; L. visits Army of Potomac, 414-416; Fredericksburg attacked, 417; L's dissatisfaction with McClellan, 418; Missouri factional quarrels, 454-457; L's dissatisfaction with DuPont, 457-458; Fredericksburg, L's grief over, 461-462; L's visit to army before Chancellorsville, 465-466; L's method criticised, 480-484, 485; negro enlistment, 484-486; retaliation opposed by L., 485; Fredericksburg defeat, 487, 488; Hooker succeeds Burnside, 487-490; naval operations, 490; Chancellorsville defeat, 492-494; defeat, dissatisfaction of North, 493-494; turning-point of war, 496; Pennsylvania invaded, 497; Northern fear of Lee, 497; Hooker succeeded by Meade, 497-498; Gettysburg, 498-499; Vicksburg campaign, 500-503; L's joy over victory, 501; Wade urges Grant's dismissal, 503; Gettysburg victory, 503-504; Washington criticisms, 505; Meade's leadership, 504-507; Chancellorsville defeat, 506; Fredericksburg defeat, 506; L. against compromise, 507; brightening prospects after elections, 510; L's confidence in Grant, 516, 520-521; Grant's victories after Vicksburg, 516; his plans, 516-517; Grant's commission received, 519; L's plan of campaign for Grant, 522; Early's raid, L's plan against, 522; Grant's reply, 523; Vicksburg, criticisms of campaign, anecdote, 525-526; Grant and Stanton clash, 526-527; Early's attack on Washington, 525-537; call for additional troops, July 18, 1864, 537; gloomy prospects, 537-539, 542-546; Wilderness and Petersburg losses, 538-539; peace negotiations, "To whom it may concern,", 539; effect of L's re-election, 548; Sherman's march to the sea, 552; L's conditions for peace, 552; peace negotiations with Southern commissioners, 554-557; Lee's last efforts, 561-562; closing events, 562; L. visits army, 562-573; fall of Petersburg, 567; fall of Richmond, 568; Lee's surrender, 573; end of war, 573-576; pardoning prisoners, 578-580. _See also_ Emancipation; Secession

Clary Grove boys, attack on L., 27-28; volunteers in Black Hawk War, 36; smash store in New Salem, 42-43

Clay, Cassius M., 309-322

Clay, Henry, influence of speeches on L., 8; L's admiration and disillusion, 98-99; gradual emancipation speech, 98; L's eulogy of, 147

Clephane, Lewis, 468-469

Cleveland, Grover, 360

Cleveland, Ohio, visit on inaugural journey, 274-275

Clinton, DeWitt, 61

Cobb, Howell, distinguished in civil war, 100

Cogdal's note, 136

Colfax, Schuyler, interview with L., 545, 583, 586-587; L.'s death-bed, 591, 593

Collamer, Jacob, 368

Collyer, Robert, quoted, 329

Columbus, Ohio, welcome on inaugural journey, 268-269

Confederate States, considered a fact by Wigfall, 286; knowledge of Union moves, 292; Trent affair, 340-345; favored capital, 348; Canadian machinations, 352-353

Congress, special session, July 4,1861, 322; emancipation measures, 421

Conkling, James C., 80; quoted, 86

Constitution, slavery amendment, 553-554

Constitutional Union Party, 251

Conway, Moncure D., impression of L., 176; interview with L., 482-484; quoted, 427-429

Cook, Mr., of Illinois, 232, 233

Cooper Institute speech, 215-221, 223-224, 232

Costa Rica, asylum for freedom, 440

Covode, John, 445

Crane, C.B., quoted, 546

Crawford, Andrew, L's schoolmaster, 12

Crawford, Josiah, incident of the ruined book, 14-16

Crawford, Mrs. Josiah, quoted, 16

Crittenden, John J., 185

Curdy, Dr., 170

Curtin, Andrew G., 497

Curtis-Gamble controversy, 454-456

Cushing, Caleb, 354; candidate for attorney general, 552; quoted, 207

Dahlgren, John A., quoted, 383, 384, 385

Dana, Charles A., quoted, 295, 547-548, 585-586

Davis, David, mentioned, 74; quoted, 113, 144-145, 256; advised L. on cabinet; 257; member of inaugural party, 266

Davis, Jefferson, in Black Hawk War, 39; in senate, 100; recognition asked by Southern commissioners, 555-556; mansion occupied by Weitzel, 572 L's clemency toward, 580

Davis, O.L., 81

Dayton, William L., vice-presidential nominee, 170

Defrees, public printer, objects to L's colloquialisms, 471-472

Deming, Henry Champion, quoted, 302-303

Democratic Party, dominates Illinois, 65; pro-slavery tendencies, 251; rebel sympathisers, 292; opposes congressional war measures, 481

Dennison, William, postmaster general, 294; presides over Baltimore convention, 534; replaces Blair, 551; at L's death-bed, 591

Dicey, Edward, quoted, 544

Dickey, T. Lyle, quoted, 524

Dickson, W.M., quoted, 174, 176, 213

District of Columbia, slavery abolished, 421

Dixon, Father, quoted, 40

Dominican question, Seward's embarrassment, 336

Dorsey, Azel, L's schoolmaster, 12

Douglas, Stephen A., mentioned, 74, 285; groggery taunt about L., 26; L's first impression of, 62, 188; debates with L., 89-90, 153-154, 177, 182-207; courts Mary Todd, 94; Mexican War, blames L. for opposition, 102; opens campaign, 1852, 147; defends Missouri compromise, 154-155, 157, 159; claims Whigs are dead, 157; senatorial nomination, 177; oratory compared with L., 182-207; debater and orator, 183-184, 186, 190, 205; appearance and characteristics, 185-186, 188-189, 190-191; quoted, 187-188; senator in 1846, 188; magnetism, 197; re-elected senator in 1858, 208; speeches in Ohio in 1859, 211; L's attitude toward, 216; democratic nominee for president, 244; magnanimity, 291; sustains the government, 315-316; death, 316

Douglass, Frederick, conference with L., 484-486; impression of L., 486

Dresser, Rev. Nathan, residence of, in Springfield, purchased by L., 96

Drummond, Thomas, quoted, 142-144

Dummer, H.C., quoted, 46

Duncan, Major, teaches L. use of broadsword, 93

DuPont, Admiral, characterized by L., 457-458

Early, Dr., L's reply to, 58-59

Early, Jubal A., raid on Washington, 522, 535

Eaton, Page, quoted, 70, 114

Eckert, General, 547

Edwards, Matilda, admired by L., 95

Edwards, Ninian W., mentioned, 74; candidate for legislature, 58

Edwards, Mrs. Ninian W., sister of Mary Todd, 94

Egan, Dr., of Chicago, 171

Eggleston, Edward, quoted, 225

Elkin, Elder, funeral services for Nancy Hanks, 10

Ellis, A.Y., quoted, 42

Ellsworth, E.E., member of inaugural party, 266

Emancipation, discussion of measures, 419-448; Frémont's proclamation, 420; gradual, advocated, 420-423; first discussed by L. with cabinet members, 423-424; military, authorized, 421; Quaker delegation demands, 425-427; Chicago clergymen demand, 427; Lincoln and Channing interview, 427; Lincoln and Greeley, 429-431; Greeley's "Prayer of twenty millions," and L's reply, 429-430; compensation suggested, 428, 433, 447; deportation suggested, 439-440; L's message to congress, 1862, 440-441; "Boston set" discussed with L., 482-484; defended by L., 507

Emancipation proclamation, issued, 419; official measures preceding, 419-422; preliminary text, 432-435; L's own account of, 436-438, 444-445; Seward's view of, 436-437; Welles's account, 438-439; text, 441-443; signed, 441; pen used, 445

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, quoted, 304-305; belief in L., 482

England, neutrality established, 343; controversies with, 344-345

Ericsson, John, inventor of "Monitor," 345-346

Evarts, Mr., of N.Y., grieved over Seward's defeat, 234

Everett, Edward, nominated for vice-president, 251; appreciation of L's Gettysburg address, 513; impression of L., 515

Ewing, Lee D., opposed to change in Illinois State capital, 66

Farragut, David G., 537; compared with DuPont, 458

Fell, Jesse W., 32

Fessenden, William P., 185, 368; secretary of the treasury, 294

Ficklin, O.B., 126

Fithian, Dr., 126

Flatboat, constructed by L., 17-18

Florida, secedes, 261

Ford's Theatre, scene of assassination, 586-591

Forquer, George, lightning rod anecdote, 57

Forrest, Edwin, 469

Forrest, Thomas L., 458

Fort Sumter, held by Anderson, 262; attack, 312, 316; L's dream, 583;

Fortress Monroe, L. visits, 386-392;

Foster, Major-General, 385, 400

Fox, G.V., assistant secretary of the navy, 536

Franklin, Benjamin, L. ranked with, 549

Fredericksburg, repulse at, 368; attacked, 417; L's grief over, 461-462; defeat, 487, 488, 506;

Free-Soil Party, 150, 172, 173

Free-state cause, L. sympathises with, 158

Freedmen. _See_ Negroes

Frémont, John C., nominated for president, 170; defeated, 173 pioneer emancipator, 420, 447; presidential possibility in, 1864, 532

Fry, J.B., quoted, 376

Fugitive Slave Law, detested by L., 248-249; text, 434-435

Fusion Party, L. candidate of, for senator, 162

Gamble, Governor, Curtis-Gamble faction, 454-456

Gentry, Allen, 19-20

Gentry, Mrs. Allen, quoted, 12

Georgia, seceded, 261

Germans in Cincinnati, welcome L., 271-272

Gettysburg, mentioned, 478, 496; victory, 498-499, 503-504; L's feeling during battle, 499-500; victory cheers L., 507; battle-field purchase and dedication, 511-515; L's dream, 583

Gettysburg Address, rewritten many times, 471; world's model, 473; text, 512-515

Gillespie, Joseph, quoted, 80, 83; conversation with L. on slavery, 148-149

Grant, Frederick D., 519

Grant, Ulysses S., mentioned, 403, 464, 542; opinion of McClellan's difficulties, 367, 404; victories in Tenn., 385; Vicksburg campaign, 500-502; L's letter on Vicksburg, 502; L's dissatisfaction before Vicksburg, 503; commands military division of Miss., 516; rank of Lieut.-General created for, 516; assumes command of army, 517; summoned to Washington, 517; at White House reception, 517-518; receives commission from L., 519; refusal to dine at White House, 519-520; L's impressions of personality and military capacities, 510-521; L.'s letter of commendation, 521; interview with L. on military matters, Grant's own account, 521-522; L's suggestion about Early's repulse, 522; Grant's reply, 523; L. seeks to know his political aspirations, 523; true version of whiskey anecdote, 524; L. tells story of Sykes's dog, 525-526; dispute with Stanton, 526; upheld by president, 526-527; presidential possibility, 532; attacks Early, 537; telegram to L. on re-election, 548; peace overture made through, 554; forces Lee to Richmond, 561-562; visited by L. at City Point, 562-563; interview with L. at City Point, 563-566; L's visit at Petersburg, 567-568; Lee's surrender, 573; praised by L., 574, 575; instructions for conference with Lee, 577-578; denies Stone River victory, 583; drives with L. and attends last cabinet meeting, 583; declines invitation to theater, 586

Grant, Mrs. Ulysses S., 527

Gray, Dr., officiated at L's funeral, 597

Great Britain. _See_ England

Gladstone, William Ewart, opinion of second inaugural address, 559-560

Globe Tavern, Springfield, Ill., L's first home after marriage, 96

Godbey, Squire, quoted, 46

Goldsborough, Lewis M., 390

Goodrich, Judge, L. declines partnership, 109

Greeley, Horace, opposes L's policy in N.Y. "Tribune," 429-431; publishes "The prayer of twenty millions," 429; L's reply, 429-430; conference with L., 430-431; L.'s "pigeonhole" for, 474; seeks successor to L., 480; peace importunities and L's famous reply, 539;

Green, L.M., quoted, 27

Greene, Bowlin, friend of L., 52

Greene, W.G., 30

Gridley, G.A., 137

Grigsby, Aaron, 17

Grigsby, Nat, quoted, 13

Griswold, John A., builder of "Monitor," 345-347

Grimes, James W., 368

Grover, A.J., quoted, 248-249

Gulliver, John P., estimate of L's speeches, 221-223

Gurley, Rev. Dr., officiated at L's funeral, 597

Haines, Elijah M., quoted, 162-164; 209, 228-229

Hale, John P., mentioned, 185, 297; calls on L., 583

Hall, Doctor, attends L., 593

Hall, John, 263

Hall, Newman, quoted, 397; officiated at L's funeral, 596

Halleck, Henry W., mentioned, 393, 413, 487, 490, 519; telegrams to Meade, 504-505; military ability, 505-506; at L's death-bed, 591

Halpine, Colonel, 310

Hamlin, Hannibal, nominated for vice-president, 234

Hampton Roads, meeting of peace commissioners, 555-557

Hanks, Dennis, recollections of L's boyhood, 6-9; story-telling ability, 31; L. visits, 263

Hanks, John, L's fellow-laborer, 24; bears campaign banner, 230

Hanks, Nancy. _See_ Lincoln; Nancy Hanks

Hannegan, Edward A., 126

Hapgood, Norman, quoted, 359

Hardin, Colonel, 4

Hardin, John J., mentioned, 186; congressional candidate, 99; killed in Mexican War, 131

Harding, George, attorney in McCormick Reaper case, 173-174

Harper's Ferry, Union forces driven out, 333-334

Harris, G.W., quoted, 87-88, 128

Harris, Ira, 368; daughter, 587, 593

Harris, Thomas L., 160

Harrisburg, L's visit on inaugural journey, 278

Hatch, O.M., mentioned, 227; quoted, 417-418

Hawk, Mr., actor, describes assassination, 588

Hay, John M., private secretary, 266; quoted, 305-307

Hayes, General, 504

Hazel, Caleb, L's schoolmaster, 11

Henderson, J.B., constitutional amendment introduced by, 554; interviews L. about pardons, 578-580

Henry, Dr., 493

Herndon, William H., law partnership with L., 71, 97-98; letter of advice from L., 104-105; quoted, 24-26, 48, 92, 95, 113, 114, 115, 116, 121, 132, 140, 154, 165, 166, 167-168, 178; sympathy for L., 116; abolitionist efforts, 165-169; "Lincoln and Herndon" law sign, 264

Hitt, Robert R., 198

Holland, Josiah G., quoted, 11, 14-15, 76-77, 98, 111, 236, 268-269, 277-278, 283-284, 351, 371

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, L's fondness for his poetry, 466

Holt, Joseph, appeals for Union, 321, 322; possibility as secretary of war, 372; candidate for attorney general, 552

Homestead law, opinion of L. on, 273

Hood, Thomas, L's fondness for his poetry, 466

Hooker, Joseph, 463; visited by L. before Chancellorsville, 465; interview with L. and promotion, 487-488; "Fighting Joe Hooker," 488; L's letter to, 489-490; Hooker's comment, 492; accused of drunkenness, 492; Sumner's opinion of, 492; self-confidence, 491-492; unequal to responsibility, 497; asked to be relieved, 498; aids Grant in victories, 516

Hossack, John, 248

"House-Divided-Against-Itself" speech, quoted, 180, 426, 473

Howard, Senator, 368

Hoyne, Thomas, 237

Hoyt, Governor, 389

Hubbard, Gurdon S., quoted, 49; works for Illinois and Michigan Canal, 49; interview with L., 458-459

Hunter, David, attempts military emancipation, 447

Hunter, Robert M.T., Southern peace commissioner, 555-556

Iles, Elijah, service in Black Hawk War, 39

Illinois, Lincoln family settles in, 21; slavery sentiment, 65-66; first to ratify 13th amendment, 554

Illinois and Michigan Canal, favored by Lincoln, 49

Indiana, early home of Lincoln, 6

Indianapolis, speech, on inaugural journey, 268

Indians, hostile in Kentucky, 2; execution refused by L., 453

Invention, L's interest in history of, 118-119; navigation device, 24-26

Jackson, Andrew, L. compared with, 413, 549

Jackson, Thomas Jonathan (Stonewall), 414; death, 492

Jayne, William, quoted, 161

Jefferson, Joseph, quoted, 79

Jefferson, Thomas, 360; L. ranked with, 549

Johnson, Andrew, mentioned, 100, 585; nominated for vice-president, 534; sworn in, 557; at L's death-bed, 591; at funeral, 596

Johnson, Bradley, Confederate general, raid of country around Washington, 536

Johnson, Oliver, visit to L., 468-469

Johnson, Reverdy, attorney in McCormick case, 173, 174, 176

Johnston, Albert Sidney, at Vicksburg, 501

Johnston, Joseph E., mentioned, 578; Sherman defeats, 561-562; plan to force surrender, 564-565; L's dream, 584

Johnston, John, step-brother of L., 24; indolent and shiftless nature, 121; L's letters to, 120-123

Jones, J. Russell, L. consults about Grant, 523

Jones, Laura, L's leniency to, 453

Joy, James F., 237

Judd, Norman B., L. visits, 117-118; member of inaugural party, 266, 275; mentioned, 161, 162, 189, 227, 232

Judd, Mrs. Norman B., quoted, 117-118

Julian, George W., quoted, 253-254, 375, 378

Kansas, L's visit to, 213-214

Kansas-Nebraska Bill, controversy, 147, 152-155, 159-161

Kelly, William D., quoted, 356-358, 465

Kelton, Colonel, 413

Kentucky, Lincoln family in, 2; plea for neutrality, 270; importance of neutrality, 320-322; concessions made to, 431

"Kerr, Orpheus C," (Robert Henry Newell), 334, footnote; L's great fondness for his writings, 334, 467

Keyes, General, quoted, 381

King, Preston, 303

Kirkpatrick, William, 36

Know-Nothing-Party, 153

Knox, Joe, 171

Labor and capital discussed by Lincoln, 348-350

Laboring-men, L's speech to Cincinnati Germans, 272-273

Lamborn, Josiah, 74, 89, 186

Lamon, Ward H., mentioned, 81; member of inaugural party, 266, 275, 278; quoted, 12, 16, 29-30, 58, 84, 112, 114, 115, 154, 161, 229, 254-255, 256, 263, 266, 267

Lane, General, 309

Lectures. _See_ Speeches and Lectures

Lee, Harry T., impression of Gettysburg address, 514

Lee, Robert E., mentioned, 300, 437, 499, 517; Pennsylvania invasion, 333, 497; Manassas successes, 411, 414; Antietam defeat, 414; Chancellorsville victory, 492; Gettysburg defeat, 498, 501; Appomattox surrender, 517, 573; Richmond, retreat to, 568; Union plans for capture, 564-565; Richmond, retreat from, 568; Grant ordered not to confer with, 577-578; L's comment on portrait, 582

Letters and telegrams, acceptance of presidential nomination, 244; correspondence burdensome, 474; written by hand, 474; to Bryant concerning party pledges, 248; to Mrs. Bixby on loss of sons, 397-398; to Curtis on factional quarrels, 455; to Douglas, invitation to debate, 182; telegram to Grant during Early's raid, 522-523; to Grant after Vicksburg, 502; to Grant, expressing satisfaction, 521; to Greeley on emancipation, 429-430; to Herndon, giving advice, 104-105; to Hooker, on latter's appointment, 489-490; to Judd about campaign contribution, 209; to Judd regarding the presidency, 228; to Kentucky unionist on slavery, 446-448; to McClellan on over-cautiousness, 392-395; to McClellan concerning route to Richmond, 405-407; to McNeill relating to fees for speeches, 223-224; to Schofield, advice on factional quarrels, 455-456; to Speed on slavery, 151-153; to Speed's sister on slavery, 148; to Springfield friends after Gettysburg and Vicksburg, 507-508; to step-brother on death of father, 120-123; to Washburne, about forts, 261; to Washburne, against compromises, 260-261; to Weed on secession, 262; "To whom it may concern," safe conduct for peace envoys, 539

Lewis, Robert, 334

Lincoln, Abraham, grandfather of L., settles in Kentucky, 2; death, 3

LINCOLN, ABRAHAM CHARACTERISTICS, inherited, 5, 11; in boyhood and youth, 9, 16, 20, 35, 49, 53, 75-77; handwriting, 19; elements of greatness, 53; claims to be a fatalist, 108; absent-mindedness, 112, 114; debt abhorred, 130; as a lawyer, 142-146, 235; as a public speaker, 171-172, 183-188, 194-197, 204-206; master of himself, 235; compared with Jackson, 260; attitude toward public visitors, 301-302; lack of sovereignty, 304; simplicity of manner, 305-306; qualities of a leader, 307-308; morbid dislike of guard, 310-311; forbearance, 315, 320; precision and minuteness of information, 358; living power of integrity and elasticity, 359; greatness in moral strength, 359-361; summed up by Nicolay, 361-362; peace-maker, 364, 456; wisdom and moderation, 374; guileless and single-hearted, 387; power to make quick and important decisions, 412; will compared to Andrew Jackson, 413; easily accessible to visitors, 450; no case too trivial, 451; ability to say no, 451,452; diplomacy in Schofield-Rosecrans episode, 456-457; loyalty to friends, 458; fortitude, 462; imagination versus reason, 466; tireless worker, 473; magnanimity toward opponents, 476-477; stern when necessary, 477-478; candor and friendliness in criticism, 489-490; willingness to admit errors, 502; quickness of perception, 527; tenacity, 527; Sherman's tribute, 565-566; unselfishness, 566-567; magnanimity toward southern leaders, 580; clemency in granting pardons, 586

_Ambitions_, presentiment of future greatness, 18-19, 27, 53; desire to be the "DeWitt Clinton of Illinois," 61; encouraged by friends, 116; generous quality of, 159; senatorial, 161-164; presidential, 331; not concerned over political future, 529-532 _Appearance_, at fifteen, 12; at nineteen, 20; in 1832, 42; in 1847, 105-106; in 1849, 109-110, 111; "man of sorrows," 113-114; singular walk, 114-115; on the circuit, 125-127; face transformed in speaking, 181; in repose and on the stump, 194-195; in 1858, 201, 205; in 1860, 215; height, 247; as President-elect, 253-254, 274-275, 279; arrival at Washington, 282; inauguration, 285-286; in his reception room, 302-303; changed by anxiety, 355; Nicolay's description, 361; face a surprise to Winchell, 382; unconventional dress, 356-357, 377, 450; changed by grief, 462-463; Frederick Douglass' impressions, 484, 485, 486; saddest man in the world, 543-546 _Courage_, fighting qualities, 27-29; encounter with a bully, 29; in Black Hawk War, 38-40; rescues Baker from a fight, 91-92; duel with Shields, 93; under discouragements, 292, 331; did not fear attempt upon his life, 540-542 _Honesty_, at nineteen, 20; as a salesman, 31; "Honest Abe," 31, 53, 68, 171; trust funds never used, 46; in voting, 101-102; as a lawyer, 130, 138, 143; refused to defend the guilty, 136-137; intellectual and moral, 144 _Horsemanship_, 415-416, 491, 562, 563 _Justice_, anecdote of Black Hawk War, 38; refusal to countenance injustice, 130-131, 453; sense of, 476-478; injustice to Gen. Meade, 503-506; _Literary methods_ and _style_, early example, 63-65; example from Douglas debates, 89-90; methods, 470-471; style, 471-473 _Kindness_ and _sympathy_, 16; to animals, 13, 76; everybody's friend, 35 in his home, 113 regard for old friends and relatives, 119, 121-123; to old colored woman, 128; to young attorneys, 130; for Col. Scott, 410 for soldiers, 395-397, 400-401, 499-500; embarrassing results of friendliness, 470 _Melancholy_ and _sadness_, caused by love of Anne Rutledge, 49; temporary attack, 95-96; causes, 112-113; struggles with, 115-117; depression in 1854, 161; evidence of, 170, 175, 198, 246, 361; over defeat for senate, 204; on inaugural journey, 266-267; after Bull Run, 330-331; over war victims, 401-402, 500; engraved on features, 462-463; summer of 1864, 537-538, 542-546; Matthew Arnold's poem, 546 _Memory_, for faces and names, 9, 39, 40; for events, 36; retentive, 467, 468 _Military sagacity_, 380-386, 390-395, 405-407, 411-414, 416-417, 502, 506 _Modesty_, unassuming manner in politics, 163; about printing speeches, 216; in regard to presidential nomination, 227-228; as president, 304, 306, 307, 459; natural, 360; about second nomination, 535; on news of second election, 547 _Popularity_, as a young man, 28-29, 75; in New Salem, 35, 53; in Black Hawk War, 39, 41; universal favorite, 130; in Kansas, 213, 214; at Republican convention in 1860, 229-230; among old friends and relatives, 263-264; Confederate soldiers' greeting at Petersburg, 567-568 _Physical strength_, in boyhood, 9; incidents showing, 91-93, 389, 401 _Religious nature_, knowledge of the Bible, 118-119; shown in letter to step-brother, 120; reliance on Divine help, 265, 267, 268; influence of son's death, 351-352; spirituality highly organized, 360, 361, 362; religious spirit, 385-386; shown in fortitude, 462; quotes the Bible, 473; his views on, 478-479; not a church member, 478; shown in second inaugural address, 557-559 _Tact_, 357; in official relations, 368-370, 378; anecdotes illustrating, 451-457 _Temperance_, reply to Douglas's taunt, 83, 85, 130, 203; _Voice_, magnetism of, 59; not pleasing, 142, 221; clear and vigorous, 205; high but clear, 302, 515 _Wit_ and _humor_, power of satire, 17; examples of, 56-57; love of practical joke, 57; no end to his fund of, 84; used against adversaries, 87, 139-140, 202-204; chief attraction at dinners, 110; cultivated, 113; stories not always dignified, 139; repartee, 157; advantage of L. over Douglas, 86, 195; indelicacy charge refuted, 258; safety-valve of L., 332-333; enjoyment of "Orpheus C. Kerr," 334; at cabinet meetings, 336; soldiers' humor appreciated by L., 399-400; humorists liked by L., 467-468 PRIVATE LIFE: ancestry, 1-5; L's own account, 32-33; birth, 1,4; illegitimate parentage legend, 4; Lincoln family in Kentucky, 4; removal to Indiana, 5-6; in Indiana, 6-19; reminiscences by Dennis Hanks, 7-9; death of his mother, 10; love for his mother, 5, 10, 21; tribute to her influence, 11; his father remarries, 11; affection for step-mother, 11, 119, 123, 124, 263; moves to Macon Co., Ill., 21, 33; his father's possessions, 21; death of father, 22; L. helps build log cabin, 23; splitting rails, 23; flatboat voyages down the Mississippi, 23-24; settles in New Salem, 24-26, 33; patent for navigation device, 24-26; athletic skill, 27-29; first meeting with Smoot, 29; meets Governor Yates, 30; love of story-telling, 30-31; home life, 31, 113, 115; autobiography, 32-34; struggle with poverty, 45, 47, 69-71, 209, 225; love for Anne Rutledge, 49-52; close of his boyhood and youth, 52-54; New Salem a desolate waste, 54; moves to Springfield, 33, 69-70; struggles of a young lawyer, 69-84; meeting with Speed, 69; shares his home, 70, 88; in state politics, 85-96; Mary Todd's satirical article, 93; love affairs with Matilda Edwards and Mary Todd, 94-95; derangement, 95; goes to Kentucky with Speed, 96; marriage to Mary Todd, 95, 96; lives at Globe Tavern, 96; purchases Dressar home, 96; enters national politics, 97-108; back in Springfield, 109; simplicity of home life in Springfield, 110; income from law practice, 110; property owned, 111; his children, 111-112; L. as husband and father, 113; marriage unhappy, 112-117; did his own marketing, 114; visits Chicago, 117; regard for relatives, 119; purchases home for father, 119 letters to step-brother, 120-123; idol of his step-mother, 123-124; wealth, not desired by L., 125; L. as a lawyer, 125-146; careless about money, 130; keeping partnership accounts, 133; anecdote about his wealth, 216; summer home during presidency, 401; home life in White House, 464-465; desire to live in California, 549; plans for retirement, 584-585. _Education_, early education, 7-9, 11-19; early schools attended, 11-13; his copy book inscription, 13; first efforts in composition, 13; mental training from reading, 14; scrap-book kept in youth, 14; handwriting at seventeen, 19; book of arithmetic examples, 19 knowledge of astronomy and geology, 20-21; study of grammar, 26-27; L.'s own account, 33; knowledge of drama, 79; L. as a student, 130-131; musical taste, 466-467; unashamed of early deficiencies, 468-469 _Books_ and _reading_, influence of first books, 8, 14-16; his own testimony, 15; the ruined volume, 14, 16; method of reading, 131; wrote verses, 132; books in White House office, 300; love for Shakespeare, Browning, and Byron, 387; memory for poetry, 356; poets best loved, 466-467; humorists liked, 467; best-loved books, 468; novel reading, 469 _Employments_, first work, 16; first dollar earned, 17-18; flatboat constructed for commercial enterprise, 17-18; his first employer, 19-20; first flatboat journey to New Orleans, 195; second flatboat journey to New Orleans, 23-34; clerk at New Salem, 26-34; Offutt's store closed, 35; brief career as country merchant, 42-44; blacksmith trade considered, 42; surveys and plans Petersburg, 47, 67; notion to become a carpenter, 71 _Law career_, early interest in law, 9, 19; study and practice, 33-43; begins study of, 46-47; begins practice, 47; period covered, 55; reverence for law, 64; in Springfield, 69; without plans or money, 60-70; asking credit, 70; partnership with Stuart and Logan, 71; with Herndon, 71; riding the circuit, 71-84; borrows, then owns a horse, 71; welcome by other lawyers, 72; humility, 72; court scene, 72-73; freedom in social intercourse, 73; leading lawyers of the day, 73-74; adventures and hardships, 74; popularity and appearance, 75-76; not afraid of unpopular cases, 77; wins case of widow of revolutionary pensioner, 77-79; wins case for Jefferson, 79; ridiculing the eloquence of opponent, 80-81; breach of promise suit, 81-82; ready wit, 83-84; dissolved partnership with Logan, 97; partnership with Herndon, 97-98; declined partnership with Goodrich, 109; resumes practice in 1849, 109, 125-146; legal fee ridiculously small, 125; appearance in court, 125-128; defending a colored woman, 128; dividing fee with defendant, 128-129; refused to take unjust cases, 130-131; keeping accounts, 1133; fees moderate, 133; defends son of Jack Armstrong, 133-136; would not press for pay, 135-136; refused to defend guilty, 136-137; would never advise unwise suits, 137-138; returns fee, 138; anecdotes of L. at the bar, 138-140; his rank as a lawyer, 140-146; special characteristics, 145 _Recreations_, games, 129; dancing, 210; theatre, 469-470; fondness for walking, 46 PUBLIC LIFE, _Nicknames_, "Railsplitter," 9, 23, 230-231; "Uncle Abe," 75; "Old Abe," 105; "Honest Abe," 31, 53, 68, 171 _Oratory_, first efforts, 27; reputation, 62; spoke without manuscript, 89; manner of speaking described, 100, 127, 172; used old-fashioned words, 139, 146; jury speeches, 146; eloquence of Bloomington speech, 167-168; compared with Douglas, 89, 177, 182-207; Cooper Institute speech, 217-221; New England tour, 221-223; W.J. Bryan's opinion, 473; Gettysburg address, 512-515; eloquence of second inaugural, 557-559 _Public questions_, L's views on: Mexican war, 101-102, 131; Missouri compromise, 150-160; Kansas-Nebraska bill, 152-155; secession views, 262, 287-291, 320-321; labor and capital, 348-350; emancipation, 447, 482-484; reconstruction policy, 576-581 _Slavery_, L. opposes pro-slavery enactment in Illinois, 65-66; attitude shown in Douglas debates, 89-90, 191-194; 205; sale of slave girl, 147-148; early views, 148-149; opposed slavery in Congress and in speeches, 149-151; views in letters to Speed, 151-153; argues eternal right at Bloomington Convention, 167-168; resolution adopted, 169; "House divided against itself," 177-182; Cincinnati speech, 211-212; L.'s policy, 419-446; Channing interview, 427; Chicago clergymen's delegation, 427; Greeley and L., 429-431; L's own account, 446-448; 4th annual message, 552 _Early political career_, change in views, 8; made election clerk, 32; appointed postmaster at Salem, 44; made deputy surveyor, 47; natural taste for politics, 55; candidate for presidential elector, 87; Whig leader, 87; canvassed Illinois in Clay-Polk campaign, 99; leader of Whigs in Congress, 100; Whig delegate to National Convention, 104; seeks appointment as land commissioner, 106-107; little interested in politics until 1854, 147; building up the Free Soil party, 150; admits being a Whig, 153, 157; generosity toward rivals, 160; considered for vice president, 170, 228-229; activity in Frémont campaign, 170-173; no political enemies, 232; bored with talk on politics, 240 _Illinois legislature_, defeat and election, 33; first candidacy unsuccessful, 41-42, 47; campaign of 1834, and election, 48; aids canal bill, 49; reputation in, 49; renominated, 1836, 55; campaign methods, 56-60; lightning rod anecdote, 56-57; not an aristocrat, 57-58; reply to Early, 58-59; letter to Allen, 59-60; election, 60; journey to capital, 60; meets Judge Caton, 61; first meeting with Douglas, 61-62; removal of Illinois Capitol, 62; an early speech, 62-65; opposes pro-slavery enactment, 65-66; contest with Ewing, 66-67; campaign of 1838 and election, 85; end of legislative service, 86; election and resignation, 1864, 160-161; senatorial contest, 161-161 _Black Hawk War_, candidate for captain, 36; memories of L., 36-37; first experience drilling troops, 37; rescues an Indian, 37-38; meeting with Stuart, 38-39; L. re-enlists, 39; recollects Major Anderson after 29 years, 39; courage as a soldier, 40; his own account of his service, 40-41; popularity with comrades, 41 _Congress_, aspirations, 97; elected to lower house, 1846, 34, 99-100, 159; Whig leader, 100; reputation in, 100; first speech, 101; Mexican War attitude, 101-102; notable speech and ridicule of Gen. Cass, 102-104; bill for abolition of slavery, 104; campaign methods, 131-132; senatorial contest, 1855, 161-163; defeated, 164; senatorial contest with Douglas, 1858, 177-207; defeated, 208; depression of L. over, 208-209 _Presidency_, presentiment of L. concerning, 18-19; modest over proposed nomination, 144; almost in his grasp, 213; Cooper Institute speech aids toward, 220, 232; suggested as a candidate, 227-228; nomination, 231-237; sittings for life mask, 237-243; cast of hands, 242; notified of nomination, 243-244; opposition of Springfield clergymen, 247; election, 1860, 250-251; non-partisan appointments, 256-257; unembarrassed by promises, 259, 260; preparation for inauguration, 263; journey to Washington, 265-280; stories of disguises, 280; week preceding inauguration, 281-283; ceremonies described, 283-292; oath administered, 284, 291; first night at the White House, 292; cabinet appointments, 293; cabinet changes, 294; difficulties selecting loyal and capable men, 295; impression on people, 298-310; modest as president, 306-307; fears for attempted assassination, 308-310; L's dislike for guard, 311; Civil War begun, 312; first call for troops, 312-314; creates excitement, 314; Boston riots, 315; loyalty of Douglas, 315-316; proclamation of blockade of Southern ports, 316-318; blockade extended, 318; Virginia convention waits on L., 318; L's war policy outlined, 319-320; L's conciliatory course, 320-321; tries to save Kentucky, 321-322; special session of Congress, 322; L's first message, 322-325; difficulties of a new administration, 325-326; Bull Run disaster, 326; visits the army in Virginia, 327; depression following Bull Run, 329-331; unfaltering courage, 331; relief in story-telling, 332-333; depression relieved by humor, 333-336; measuring up with Sumner, 336; diplomacy in Mason and Slidell affair, 340-344; in French invasion of Mexico, 345; building the "Monitor," 346-347; first annual message, 347-350; reception at White House, 350; illness and death at the White House, 351-352; secret service incidents, 352-353; annoyed by office-seekers, 353; Mr. Ross at the White House, 353-356; William Kelley at the White House, 356; Goldwin Smith's impressions, 356-359; tributes from Hapgood, Bigelow, and Nicolay, 359-362; cabinet relations, 363-379; with Stanton, 364-379; with Seward, 366-371; Cameron and Stanton, 371-373; L. considers McClellan over-cautious, 392-395; L. visits hospitals, 400-401; differences of opinion with McClellan, 404; letter to him about campaign, 405-406; urges action, 406-407; L's defence of him, 407; L. recalls him, 410; reinstates him, 411-412; McClellan's own account, 413; correspondence, 416-417; L's summing up of McClellan, 417-418; signs emancipation proclamation, 441; his life as president, 449; society at the White House, 449-450; public receptions, 450; tact with favor seekers and bores, 451-453; sense of justice, 453; answering improper questions, 454; settles the Curtis-Gamble dispute, 454-457; appoints Schofield, 455-457; views of his own position, 459; dealing with cranks, 459-461; Fredericksburg disaster, 461-461; responsibility of his position, 462-463; home life in the White House, 464-465; visits Army of the Potomac, 465-466; tireless worker, 473; health, 473-474; his letter file, 474; Agassiz and L., 475-476; his official acts not influenced by personal consideration, 476-477; criticism of the administration, 480-481; war policy opposed by Greeley, 480; by high official, 481; Democrats of the North, 481; Boston abolitionists, 482-484; effect of abuse, 481; Western delegation, 484; personal responsibility for policy, 484; interview with Douglas on enlisting colored soldiers, 484-486; McClellan's removal, 487; relations with Burnside, 487; with Hooker, 487-490; candor and friendliness with officers, 489-490; visits army of the Potomac, 490-492; his view of Charleston attack, 490; effect of Chancellorsville on L. 492-493; reads Stedman's poem to cabinet, 494-495; the tide turns, 495; Lee invades Pennsylvania, 497; Hooker proves unfit, 497-498; Meade appointed, 498; L's feelings during Gettysburg battle, 498-500; joy over Vicksburg, 501-503; praise of Grant, 502; criticism of Meade for Lee's escape, 503-504; Meade asks to be relieved, 504; criticism answered, 504; resignation not insisted upon, 505; L's opinion modified, 506-507; improved conditions, 507; defence of emancipation proclamation, 507-508; Thanksgiving proclamation, 508-510; fall election, 1863, 510; L. upheld, 511; his own comment, 511; Gettysburg dedication, 512-515; relations with Grant, 516-527; appoints Grant Lieut-General, 516; summons him to Washington, 517; Grant receives commission, 517-519; first meeting with Grant, 520; L's letter of satisfaction, 521; military orders issued by L., 522; interested in Grant's career, 523; interest in Grant's political aspirations, 523; Grant-Stanton episode, 526-527; Grant's opinion of Lincoln, 527; campaign of 1864, 528-535; L's attitude toward a second term, 528-532; New England's attitude toward the administration, 529; relations with Chase, 532-534, 549-550; candidates of 1864, 532-533; L's nomination, 1864, 534; acceptance speech, 535; Early's raid, 532-537; call for more troops, 537; war policy criticized, 537; depression of L., 538-539; campaign of 1864, 539-540; McClellan a candidate, 539; L's secret pledge to support successor, 540; attempt on life, 540-541; effect of burdens and anxiety during war, 542-546; election of 1864, victory, 546-549; Grant's telegram, 548; Seward's tribute, 548-549; Chase's resignation, 549-550; other cabinet changes, 550-552; fourth annual message, 552; colored people at White House reception, 552-553; negotiates with Southern peace commissioners, 554-556; assumes responsibility for unpopular measures, 554-555; scheme for compensation emancipation, 556-557; second inauguration, 557-560; close of the war, 561-563; escapes office-seekers, 563; with Grant, Sherman, and Porter at City Point, 562-566; on the River Queen, 563-566; concern about Schofield, 565; on the Malvern 566-567; at Petersburg, 567-568; at Richmond, 568-573; news of Richmond's fall, 568; visit to Richmond, 569; welcomed by the negroes, 571; Southerners' reception, 572; joy over Lee's surrender, 573; scene at Capitol, 574-575; L.'s speech to the multitude, 576; reconstruction views, 576-581; instructions to Grant on final conference with Lee, 577-578; feeling toward the South, 577-580; pardoning confederates, 579-580; the last day: talk with Robert, 582; receives visitors, 583; last cabinet meeting, 583-584; significant dreams, 583-584; drive with Mrs. Lincoln, 584-585; last official acts, 585-587; reaches theatre, 587; the shot fired, 588; Booth's escape, 588-589; Walt Whitman's description, 589; Booth's plan, 590; Rathbone's account, 590; death-bed, 591; Welles's account, 591-594; a nation's grief, 594-599; funeral ceremonies at the White House, 596; lying in state at Capitol, 597; funeral train to Springfield, 597-598; interment, 599

Lincoln, Edward Baker, L's son, birth, 111

Lincoln, John, L's great-grandfather, 2

Lincoln, John, L's half-brother, 11

Lincoln, Josiah, L's uncle, 3

Lincoln, Mary Todd, L's wife, published satirical articles about James Shields, 93; ambitions, 94; characteristics, 94; engagement to L. broken, 95; marriage, 94, 96; hospitality, 110; pro-slavery views, 167; meeting with Volk, 241; on inaugural journey, 266; opinion of Riddle on, 275-276; censured for frivolity, 450; defines L's religion, 478; visits Army of Potomac, 490; receives Grant, 518-520; fears of L's assassination, 540; desired to visit Europe, 549; last drive with L., 584-585; plans to visit theatre, 586; at theatre, 587; shock at assassination, 589; prostrated by L's death, 591; at L's death-bed, 593; unable to attend obsequies, 596

Lincoln, Matilda, L's half-sister, 11

Lincoln, Mordecai, son of Samuel Lincoln, 2

Lincoln, Mordecai, L's uncle, adventure with Indians, 3; character, 3-4; L's characterization of, 5; opinion of L. about, 264

Lincoln, Nancy Hanks, L's mother, marriage, 4; slurs upon her name, 4-5; character and appearance, 5; Dennis Hanks's opinion of, 7; death and funeral, 10; epitaph, 10; love of L. for, 10, 21; influence on L., 10-11; tribute of L. to, 11, 352

Lincoln, Robert Todd, L's son, birth, 111; student at Harvard, 221; gripsack anecdote, 283; student and soldier, 464; interview with L. about war, 582; with his mother after assassination, 591; at L's death-bed, 594

Lincoln, Samuel, L's English forbear, 1

Lincoln, Sarah, L's half-sister, 11; death, 17

Lincoln, Sarah, L's sister, birth, 4

Lincoln, Sarah Johnston, L's step-mother, marries Thomas Lincoln, 11; mutual fondness of L. and, 11, 119, 123-124, 263; quoted, 14; death, 124; visit of L. before inauguration, 263

Lincoln, Thomas, L's father, birth, 3; rescue from Indians, 3; marriage to Nancy Hanks, 4; moves to Rock Spring farm, 4; moves to Indiana, 5-6; second marriage, 11; moves to Illinois, 21; nicknames, 21; character-sketch, 21-23; death, 22, 120; epitaph, 22; story-telling ability, 31; death 120; solicitude for, 120-121; L. visits grave, 263

Lincoln, Thomas, L's son, birth, 111; "Little Tad," 464; companion of father, 464-466, 490, 491; death, 465; loved by soldiers, 465-466; anecdote of L's last speech, 575-576; grief over death of father, 596

Lincoln, William Wallace, L's son, birth, 111; death, 351, 464; influence of death on L., 478

Lincoln-Douglas Debates, comparative powers of speakers, 89, 177, 182-207. Extracts, Springfield, 89-90; Peoria, 155-157; Quincy and Alton, 191-194; 205

Linder, General, quoted, 62, 66, 91; talks against time, 80

Livermore, George, given proclamation pen, 445

Logan, John A., quoted, 286, 292

Logan, Mrs. John A., quoted, 197

Logan, Stephen T., mentioned, 74, 186; law partner of L., 71; Whig debater, 89; partnership dissolved, 97; anecdote of shirt, 139; favors L. for legislature, 161; elected to legislature, 162; L's champion in legislature, 163

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, abolitionist, 345

Long, Dr., quoted, 181

"Long Nine," delegates to senate convention, 1836, 60, 62

Lookout Mountain, Grant's success, 516

Loring, George B., quoted, 282-283

Lossing, Benson J., quoted, 342-343

Louisiana, seceded, 261

Louisville "Journal," L's liking for, 27

Lovejoy, Elijah, 244

Lovejoy, Owen, abolitionist, 244; mentioned, 378, 422, 423, 436

Lowell, James Russell, abolitionist, 245; quoted, 340

Lucas, Major, quoted, 93

Lyons, Lord, 343

McClellan, George B., mentioned, 356, 375, 488; Stanton's hostility, 367, 407, 411; difficulties with Army of Potomac, 367; letter from L. on over-cautiousness, 392-395; as a soldier, 403-404; Meade and Grant quoted, 404; L's personal regard for, 404; appointed general of Union armies, 405; L.'s letter about plan of campaign, 405-406; urging action, 406-407; L. defends, 407; recalled from Peninsula; succeeded by Pope, 410; reinstated, 411-412; own account, 413; Antietam victory, 414; inaction after Antietam criticized, 414; quoted on L's visit to army, 414-415; correspondence with L., 416; replaced by Burnside, 417; L's opinion, 417-418, 457-458; bad news from the Peninsula, 425; fails to reach Richmond, 454; removal from Army of the Potomac, 487; L's presidential competitor, 539; defeated for presidency, 547

McCormick, R.C., quoted, 215, 252

McCormick reaper case, in 1857, 173-176

McCulloch, Hugh, quoted, 332; secretary of the treasury, 294; at L's death-bed, 591-593

McCullough, John Edward, summoned to meet L., 469-470

McDonald, Senator, 138

McHenry, Henry, quoted, 46

McNeill, James, (McNamar), Anne Rutledge's suitor, 49-50

Macon County, Ill., Lincoln family settle in, 21

Manassas defeat, 410-411

Markland, Mr., quoted, 321-322

Mason, Senator, 100

Mason and Slidell affair, 340-344

Massachusetts, first to put regiment in the field in Civil War, 314

Meade, George G., mentioned, 499, 501; opinion of McClellan, 404; succeeds Hooker, 498; criticized for Lee's escape, 503-504; asks to be relieved, 504; answers criticism, 504; does not press resignation, 505; L.'s opinion modified, 506-507

Meigs, Montgomery C., 334; at L's death-bed, 591

"Merrimac," frightens New Yorkers, 338; Hampton Roads defeat, 345; engagement with "Monitor," 390-391

Messages and proclamations, inaugural message, loss feared, 283; colloquialisms in, 471-473

Messages and proclamations, quotations, inaugural address, 287-291; volunteers called for, 313-314; blockade of southern ports, 317-318; Key West, Tortugas, and Santa Rosa, concerning authority, 318; Virginia convention, response to, 319-320; to congress, July 4, 1861, 322-325; first annual message, 348-350; President's general order, No. 1, Feb. 22, 1862, 383; thanksgiving proclamation, April 10, 1862, 385-386; emancipation, appeal to border states, 421-422; final proclamation, 433-435, 438, 441-444; second annual message, 440-441; Thanksgiving, 1863, 508-510; fourth annual message, 552; inaugural address, second, 557-559; Gladstone's tribute, 559-560. _See also_ Speeches and Lectures

Metzgar murder case, 134

Mexican War, attitude of L. toward, 101-102, 131

Mexico, French invasion, 345

"Miami," Federal steamboat, 386, 391

Milroy, R.H., 333, 334

Milwaukee, speech of L. at State Fair, 389

Minnesota, asks execution of Indians, 453

Minter, Graham, L's schoolmaster, quoted, 32

"Mirror," The Manchester (N.H.), quoted, 221

Missionary Ridge, Grant's success, 516

Mississippi, seceded, 261

Missouri Compromise, views of L. and Douglas, 150-160

Missouri, factional quarrels, 454-457

Mitchell, General, telegram from, 388, 389

"Monitor," engagement with "Merrimac," 390-391; origin of, 345-347

Moore, Ex-governor, 266

Moore, Mrs., step-sister, 263, 264

Morgan, Edwin D., 533

Morse, John T., quoted, 364

"Nasby, Petroleum V." (David Ross Locke), read by L., 467-468, 548

Nebraska Bill. _See_ Kansas-Nebraska Bill

Negroes, enlistment in army, 373, 484-486; justified by L., 507; New Year's reception, 552-553; grief over death of L., 597. _See also_ Emancipation; Slavery

Neill, Secretary to L., quoted, 536-537, 585

New Brunswick affair, 356

New England, dissatisfaction with L., 529, speeches and visit of L., 221-223

New Salem, Ill., L. settles at, 24; L. appointed postmaster, 44; speech of L. before literary society, 44; now a desolate waste, 54

New Year's presidential reception, in 1862, 350; in 1863, 441; in 1865, 552-553

New York City, visit of L. in 1860, 215-221, 225-226; on inaugural journey, 276; funeral ceremonies, 598

New York "Tribune." _See_ Greeley, Horace

New York troops, reviewed July 4, 1861, 326

Newpapers, L's favorite newspaper, 27; surveillance, 301

Nichols, John W., quoted, 541-542

Nicolay, John G., L's private secretary, 266; quoted, 302, 361-362, 478

Norfolk captured, 391-392

Norris, James H., 134

Nott and Brainard, quoted, 220

Noyes, George C., quoted, 194

Oberkleine, Frederick, address to L. at Cincinnati, 271-272; L's reply, 272-273

Office-seekers, patience of L. toward, 252; demands of, 296; annoy L., 353-354; actor who wanted consulship, 470

Offutt, Denton, 26; relations with L., 23-24; 26, quoted, 27; store closed in 1832, 35

Oglesby, Richard J., quoted, 229, 230

Oregon, federal office offered L., 107

Pain, John, 169

Parke, John G., 385

Parker, Theodore, abolitionist, 166

Parks, C.S., quoted, 144, 162

Pearson, John, quoted, 81

Pearson, Henry Greenleaf, quoted, 529-530

Peck, Ebenezer, mentioned, 171, 227; quoted, 87

Pemberton, J.C., 501, 525, 526

Pennsylvania, invaded by Lee, 497

Pennypacker, Isaac R., quoted, 505

Petersburg, Ill., surveyed and planned by L., 67

Petersburg, Va., victory, and visit by L., 567

Philadelphia, visited on inaugural journey, 277-278; receives news of L's death, 594-596

Phillips, Wendell, abolitionist, 166, 245; interview with L., 482-484

Piatt, Don, quoted, 252-253

Pierce, Franklin, 354

Pierpont, John, visits L., 468-469

Pinkerton, Allan, 179

Polk, James K., campaign, 98-99

Pomeroy, Senator, 368

Poore, Benjamin Perley, quoted, 301-302, 445

Pope, John, defeat at Manassas, 410-411; succeeded by McClellan, 411, 414; Bull Run disaster, 437

Porter, D.D., aids Grant, 501; interview with L. at City Point, 563-566, 578; L's visit to the Malvern, 566-567; visits Petersburg with L., 567-568; described visit to Richmond with L., 568-573; interview with L. at City Point, 578; quoted, 522-523

Prime, Irenæus, quoted, 276

Pringle, Cyrus, the case of, 398-399

Proclamations. _See_ Messages and Proclamations

Quakers, L's ancestry, 2; war scruples, 398-399; demand emancipation, 425-427

Rail-splitting episode, 23

Ramsey, Senator, 536

Rathbone, Major, at Ford's Theatre, 587; struggles with Booth, 590-591

Raymond, Henry J., quoted, 205, 314-315

Rebellion, War of. _See_ Civil War

Reconstruction, L.'s speech on, quoted, 575-576; policy of L., 576-581

Reid, Whitelaw, 548

Reno, Jesse L., 385

Republican party, birth of, 159; organized in Illinois, 169; national convention in 1856, 170; asked L. to speak in Ohio, 211; advice of L. to, 219; Illinois convention of 1860, 229; national convention, 1860, 231-237; growth and tendencies, 251; fears for L's loyalty, 271; partisan and unreasonable, 293; office-seekers, 296; elections of 1863, 510-511; national convention of 1864, 534

Reynolds, John, call for volunteers, 36, 39

Rhett, Robert B., 100

Richardson, William A., resolution supported by L., 101

Richmond, plans to capture, 405-407; fall of, 568; visited by L., 568-573

Riddle, A.G. part in Lincoln-Chase affair, 533-534; urges Chase's appointment as chief justice, 550-551; quoted, 274, 276, 281, 291, 381, 395-396, 450, 451, 543-544

Rock Valley, 35

Rollins, James S., quoted, 554

Rosecrans, W.S., sent to Missouri, 456-457

Ross, A.M., quoted, 352-356

Rothschild, Alonzo, quoted, 294-295

Rousseau, Kentucky legislator, 321

Russell, Lord John, protest of, in Trent affair, 343

Rutledge, Anne, L's love-affair with, 49-52

Schenck, Robert C., 333

Schofield, J.M., mentioned, 564, 565; replaces Curtis, L's letter of appointment, 455-457; joins Sherman, 457; L's concern about ability, 565

Scott, Colonel, refused leave on death of wife, 408-410

Scott, Winfield, L's order to hold or retake forts, 261; warns L. of danger, 278; pays respects to L., 281-282; lacking as politician, 337; dislike of Hooker, 487

Schurz, Carl, seconded L's nomination, 234; quoted, 307

Secession, states that withdrew, 261; attitude of L. toward, 262, 287-291, 320-321; not considered rebellion, 292

Sedgwick, John, view of Meade's failure to attack Lee, 504

Selby, Paul, quoted, 158-160

Seward, Fanny, 592

Seward, Frederick W., warns L. of danger, 278, 280; attacked and wounded, 591-592

Seward, Mrs. Frederick W., 423

Seward, William H., mentioned, 17, 185, 296, 297, 305, 343, 441, 485, 593; opposes Nebraska bill, 153; doubt of his nomination, 215; statesmanship, 231; candidate for president, 231-234; eloquence of, 245; cabinet possibility, 258, 275; sends warning to L., 278; appointment as secretary of state, 293, 294, 295; press refused information, 301; diplomacy, credited to, 341; "Premier," self-styled, 364; arrogance, 366-368; rivalry with Chase, 366-370; resignation, 368; senate, opposition of, 368; L's objection to his resignation, 369; opposes negro enlistment, 373; emancipation views, 423; preliminary proclamation views, 436-437, 438; with Grant at White House reception, 518; tribute to L. on his re-election, 548-549; with L. meets peace commission, 554-557; L's visit, after Richmond, 573; attacked and wounded, 591-592

Seward, Mrs. William H., 592

Shakespeare, L's fondness for his works, 387, 466

Shepley, General, receives L. at Richmond, 572-573

Sherman, John, introduces brother to L., 298-299

Sherman, William T., mentioned, 367, 457, 516, 579; quoted, 298-299; march to the sea, 517; L's opinion, 552; at Atlanta, 537; victories after Atlanta, 561-562; interview with L. at City Point, 563-566, 578; tribute to L., 565-566; anxiety of L. and Grant, 583, 584

Shields, James, ridiculed by Mary Todd, 93; duel with L., 93; L. wishes to succeed in congress, 161, 163

Shuman, Andrew, reports Lincoln-Douglas debates, 198; quoted, 199

Sibley, Judge, quoted, 84

Simpson, Bishop, officiates at L's funeral, 596

Slavery, protest against pro-slavery act in Illinois, 65; L's defense of fugitive slaves, 77; Independence Hall flag-raising, 278; L. introduces bill against, 104; L's growing opposition to, 147-153; L's attitude in letter to Speed, 151-153; Peoria speech, extract, 155-157; L's growing opposition to, 166-169, 178-182; knowledge of L. regarding, 186; Cincinnati speech, 211-212; Cooper Institute speech, 218-220; L's hatred for, growing, 245; fugitive slave law, 248-249, 434-435; political issue, 251; attitude of L. toward, 254; L. opposes compromises, 261; legislation against, 1862, 421; L's own account of his views, 446-448; L's attitude in fourth annual message, 552; constitutional amendment, 553-554. _See also_ Emancipation

Slocum, Henry W., 504

Smith, Caleb B., secretary of the interior, 293, 294; non-committal on Ericsson's invention, 347

Smith, Goldwin, visits L., 357-358; quoted, 358-359

Smith, James, 591

Smith, William Henry, quoted, 269-273, 550

Smoot, Coleman, friendship with L., 29-30

"Soldiers' Rest," Lincoln's summer home during presidency, 401

South Carolina, seceded, 261

Southern Confederacy. _See_ Confederate states

Sparrow, Thomas and Betsy, 6

Spaulding, Judge, 533, 534

Speeches and lectures, in congress in 1848, 40; candidate for member of legislature, 41; to New Salem literary society, 44; stump-speaking, 55; on "Spot Resolutions," 101; on the presidency and general politics, 102; age of different inventions, 119; to Scott club of Springfield, 147; eulogy on death of Clay, 147; Bloomington convention, 167-168; "House-divided-against-itself," 178-182, 473; lectures in winter of 1859, 210; political speeches in Ohio, 211; political speeches in Kansas, 213; invitation to lecture in Beecher's church, 214; Cooper Institute speech, 215-221, 223-224; in New England, 221-223; accusation of fees received for speeches, 223-224; Five Points Sunday School, N.Y., talk, 225-226; inaugural journey, 268-276; Wisconsin state fair, 389

Speeches and lectures, quotations, influence of Weem's life of Washington, 15; Perpetuation of our political institutions, 63-65; Peace plea, 158; Bloomington ratification meeting, 169-170; "House-divided-against-itself," 180, 426, 473; Appeal for a hearing in southern Illinois, 199-200; Cincinnati, 1859, 211; Cooper Institute speech, 218-219; Presidential nomination, response, 243; Springfield farewell, 267; Cincinnati in 1861, 270; Cincinnati, reply to Oberkleine, 272-273; Philadelphia, on inaugural journey, 278; after Bull Run, 328; Slavery, 426; Emancipation proclamation, speech following, 444-445; Gettysburg address, text, 512, comments, 512-515; Grant's commission, presentation of, 519; Richmond, to negroes, 571; Close of war, 574; Reconstruction, last speech, 575-576. _See also_ Lincoln-Douglas debates; Messages and proclamations

Speed, Joshua F., mentioned, 294, 322; first interview with L., 69-70; L's home with, 88; intimate friend of L., 95-96; opinion of L's ability as a lawyer, 145-146; L's letter to sister of Speed, quoted, 148; L's letter to, on slavery, 151; compares L. and Douglas, 182-183; appointed attorney general, 294; at L's death-bed, 591

"Spot Resolutions," speech, 101

Springfield, Ill., L. moves to, 60; agitation over removal of capital, 62, 66; removal accomplished, 69; L. returns to, 109; L's departure, Feb. 11, 1861, 265-266; recollections of L. about, 584; funeral ceremonies for L., 599

Stanton, Edwin M., mentioned, 356, 357, 399, 461, 497; professional meeting with L., 173-176; contempt for L., 175; appointed secretary of war, 294; member of Buchanan's cabinet, 294, 295; applicant for office, 296; press refused information, 301; Mason and Slidell capture approved, 341; impulsiveness and violence, 364; antagonism to Welles, 364, 368; relations with L., 364-379; resignation threatened, 368; resignation withdrawn, 370; master-mind of cabinet, 370-371; replaces Cameron in cabinet, 371; Cameron's own account, 372-373; Fortress Monroe, visit to, 386-392; hostility to McClellan, 407, 411-412; refuses Col. Scott leave of absence, 408-410; death of his child, 423; opposes the "Boston set," 482; discouraged at Hooker's resignation, 498; dispute with Grant, 526-527; irritated by L's humor, 548; relations with Blair, 552; dispatch to Grant, 577; reconstruction plan proposed, 581; at L's death-bed, 591, 593; at Seward's bedside, 592

Steamboat Invention, L's, 24-26

Stearns, George L., 482

Stedman, E.C., quoted, 494-495

Stephens, Alexander H., mentioned, 100; opinion of L. as a speaker, 100-101; Southern peace commissioner, 555; L's description of, 556

Stephenson, J.H., 482

Stewart, Harry W., quoted, 213

Stewart, James G., recollection of L's visit to Kansas, 213

Stone, Charles P., quoted, 280, 308-310

Stone River, costly success, 496; L's dream, 583; Grant denies victory, 583

Stories told by L., Bob Lewis and the Mormon lands, 334-335; Big fellow beaten by little wife, 429; Boy and the troublesome coon, 580; Darkey arithmetic, 357-358; Horse sold at cross-roads, 388; Johnnie Kongapod, 81; Jones and his bridge to the infernal regions, 338-339; Letting the dog go, 461-462; Plaster of psalm-tunes, 337; Sausages and cats, 260; Shooting skunks, 373-374; Sick man of Illinois and his grudge, 344; Swapping horses in mid-stream, 535; Sykes's yellow dog, 525-526; Taking to the woods, 336

Story-telling, used on troublesome visitors, 30-31; fondness of L. for, 68, 84, 101, 198; L. entertains Van Buren, 87; indelicacy charge refuted, 258; application of stories, 259; safety-valve of L., 332-333, 387; chagrins friends, 357; relieves bad news by, 461

Stowe, Harriet Beecher, "Uncle Tom's Cabin," 245; quoted, 307-308, 462, 472-473

Stuart, J.E.B., 150, 165, 497

Stuart, John T., mentioned, 74; L's first acquaintance with, 38; law partner of L., 71; on L's method of accounting, 133

Sumner, Charles, mentioned, 304, 305, 352, 368, 445, 586; opposes Nebraska Bill, 153; eloquence of, 245; assault upon, 245; member of inaugural party, 275; declined to measure backs with L., 336; lacks confidence in Hooker, 492; introduces constitutional amendment, 554; at L's death-bed, 591

Sumter. _See_ Fort Sumter

Swett, Leonard, associate of L. in law case, 136; quoted, 181, 257, 542-543

Sykes, George, 504

Taney, R.B., administered oath of office to L., 284, 286; death, 550

Tannatt, T.R., 499, 500

Taylor Club, "the young Indians," 100

Taylor, Richard (Dick), L's discomfiture of, 57-58

Taylor, Zachary, Black Hawk War, 39; presidency supported by L. and Stephens, 100

Terry, Alfred H., 564

Texas, seceded, 261

Thirteenth Amendment passed, 553-554

Thomas, Jesse, 89

Thomas, George H., 459, 516

Thompson George, 468-469

Thompson, Jacob, 585-586

Thompson, Richard, 81

Todd, Captain, guards L. at White House, 308-309

Todd, Mary. _See_ Lincoln, Mary Todd

Todd, Robert S., 94

Toombs, Robert, 100

Treat, Judge, 137, 141

Trent Affair, friendly attitude of France and Spain, 305; L's diplomacy in, 340-344

Trumbull, Lyman, mentioned, 74; 185, 368; elected senator, 161, 162, 164; substitute amendment introduced by 554

Usher, John D., appointed secretary of the interior, 294

Vallandigham, Clement L., opposes war policy, 481; candidate for governor of Ohio, 510; L's opinion of, 511

Van Buren, Martin, mentioned, 360; entertained by L's stories, 87

Vandalia, Ill., proposed change of state capital, 62, 66

Van Santvoord, C., quoted, 451-452

Verdi, Dr., 592

Vicksburg, mentioned, 516, 517, 518, 524; turning-point in war, 496; campaign, 500-503; L's joy over victory, 501, 507; L. meets criticism with anecdote, 525; L's dream, 583

Viele, General, describes visit to Fortress Monroe, 386-391

Virginia Convention, asks expression of Federal policy, 318

Volk, Leonard W., impressions of L., 201-202; makes cast of L., 237-243

Voorhees, Daniel W., 81

Wade, Benjamin, mentioned, 535; urges Grant's dismissal, 503; lack of military judgment, 505

Wadsworth, James S., 296

Walker, Isaac, recollections of L., 88

Washburne, E.B., mentioned 225; L's letters to, against compromise, 260-261; giving orders for Scott, 261; quoted, 105, 173, 279; bill creating rank of lieutenant-general, 516

Washington, D.C., L. reluctant to leave in 1849, 109; L's arrival, Feb. 23, 1861, 279-280; inaugural week, 281-290; rebels and rebel sympathizers in, 292; defenses visited by L., 400; regarded as lost, 413; relieved, 414; society in 1862-1863, 449-450; Early's attack, 533, 537; enthusiasm over Lee's surrender, 574-575

Washington, George, mentioned, 360; influence of Weem's life of W. on L., 8, 15; life read by L. as case preparation, 78; L. ranked with, 527, 549

Watson, assistant secretary of state, 375

Watterson, Henry, quoted 4

Webster, Daniel, mentioned, 100, 185; considered a leader, 529-530

Weed, Thurlow, mentioned, 474; quoted, 257-260; discusses cabinet appointments, 257-259; L's letter to, Dec. 17, 1860, extract, 262; objects to Welles, 365

Weitzel, Godfrey, occupies Richmond, 568; headquarters in Richmond, 572

Weldon, Lawrence, quoted, 139, 334

Welles, Gideon, mentioned, 347, 460, 511; cabinet possibility, 259; appointed secretary of the navy, 293; approves Mason and Slidell capture, 341; calmness of, 364; antagonism to Stanton, 364, 368; at L's death-bed, 591-594; quoted, 292-293, 320, 325, 333, 345, 365-366, 367, 368-369, 411-412, 412-413, 417, 423-424, 432, 438, 439, 440, 457-458, 473-474, 492, 493, 497, 501, 506, 511, 531, 535, 538, 540, 551-552, 555, 556-557, 563, 577, 581, 583-584, 591-594, 597

Welles, Mrs. Gideon, mentioned, 591

"Westminster Review," on Gettysburg address, 513

Wheeler, William A., quoted, 376-378

Whig Party, L. a delegate to presidential convention, 104; L. believes he is a Whig, 153, 157; symptoms of disintegration, 159; L. a leader, 162-163; dissolution, 165

White, Dr., 592

White, Mrs., 453

White House, L.'s first night at, 292, L's family life, 464-465; office of L. described, 299-300; official precedence, 300-301; New Year's receptions, 350, 441; society in 1862-63, 449-450; L's informal receptions, 450-451; freedom of access, 459-461; Grant's ovation at reception, 517-518; reception, 1865, negroes attend, 552-553

Whiting, solicitor of war department, 375; candidate for attorney general, 522

Whitman, Walt, quoted, 263, 589-590, 597-598

Whittier, John Greenleaf, abolitionist, 245

"Wide-awake" clubs, 250

Wigfall, Senator, 286

Wilcox, Major, quoted, 106

Willard's Hotel, Washington, headquarters of L., 281, 282

Willis, David, 515

Wilmington, L's dream, 583

Wilmot Proviso, L. votes for, 153

Wilkes, Charles, 341, 342

Wilson, Robert L., quoted, 62, 85

Wilson, Henry, 357, 482

Winchell, J.M., quoted, 382; interview with L., 531

Winslow, John F., builder of "Monitor," 345-347

Winthrop, Robert C., quoted, 100

Wisconsin State Fair, addressed by L. in 1859, 389

Wood, Fernando, 474

Wool, John E., 392

Workingmen, L's speech to, 272-273

Wright, Elizur, 492

Wright, Horatio, 504

Writings. _See_ Letters and telegrams; Messages and proclamations; Speeches and lectures

Yates, Richard, mentioned, 266; beginning of friendship with L., 30; opposes Missouri Compromise, 159; election to Congress, 150

"Young Indians," Taylor club, 100

Young, John Russell, quoted, 514

Young Men's Lyceum, address of L. quoted, 62