Part 81
1677. The marriage portion of the princess Mary was £40,000. She married the prince of Orange.
1680. JOSEPH GLANVIL, an eminent English divine, died; celebrated for his controversies.
1688. WILLIAM III entered Torbay with 50 sail of the line and 400 transports.
1694. The Hannibal, of London, arrived at Barbadoes with a cargo of negroes. Of 692 captives, 320 died on the passage; the rest, Philips, the master, says, "came out £19 per head, one with another." The official return of the population, four years afterwards was, 2,330 whites, 42,000 slaves.
1698. A colony from Scotland settled at New Edinburgh, on the coast of Darien.
1702. JOHN BENBOW, a brave English admiral, died in the West Indies, after an inglorious defeat, owing to the cowardice of his officers.
1702. EDWARD SHERBURNE, an English writer, died, aged 85. Besides his original works, he translated Seneca's tragedies and other Latin authors.
1713. FRANCIS PETIT DE LA CROIX, a French ambassador, died. He was an expert linguist in Turkish and Arabic, and rendered great services to literature by his dictionaries and other works on those languages.
1749. A ball of fire burst about 40 yards above the British ship Montague, admiral Chambers, knocking down five men, shattering the maintop mast, and otherwise injuring the ship. The ball was first visible about three miles from the ship, at mid-day, and rose before it burst.
1749. At Stoke, in Glocestershire, about 6 P. M., the inhabitants were surprised by a brilliant light surpassing that of the sun. It was seen but for a few minutes.
1764. CHARLES CHURCHILL, an eminent English poet, died. He was endowed with great natural abilities, and his poems, though they have lost something by time, are still preserved from oblivion.
1788. DEBORAH GODFREY died at Stepney, England, aged 80; celebrated as the mother of 34 children, all of whom lived to the age of maturity.
1791. The United States army, 1,400 men, under general St. Clair, defeated by the Indians, near the Miami villages. The Indians made the attack immediately after the soldiers had been dismissed, from the parade, and with so much intrepidity, that most of the officers were killed before they could form their men. The loss of the Americans was 894, being nearly two-thirds of the force. The Indians took 7 cannon, 200 oxen and a great number of horses. Their force was between three and four thousand, and their loss only 56. (Other and more reliable accounts say 1,500 Indians instead of 3,000.)
1793. RICHARD TICKELL, an eminent English writer, was killed by a fall from a window of his apartments.
1794. Praga carried by storm by the Russians under Suwarrow; upon which Warsaw was compelled to surrender, and a massacre of the Poles followed, which issued in blotting out Poland from the nations of Europe.
1797. Earthquake at Quito; nearly 40,000 of the natives perished, either buried under the ruins of their own houses, swallowed up in the crevices of the earth, or drowned in the lakes which were suddenly formed.
1806. GEORGE MASON, an English writer, died. He made a valuable collection of English and foreign literature.
1825. The first boat down the Erie canal, arrived at New York.
1836. CHARLES X, ex-king of France, died at Goritz, in Illyria, an exile. He succeeded Louis XVIII, but lost the throne by his arbitrary measures.
1837. BARON ALBERT died at Paris, aged 70; a celebrated French physician, and author of numerous works in his profession.
1838. Martial law established at Montreal, in consequence of a rebellion against the government, which became general, throughout Canada and caused serious disturbances.
1839. Riot of 10,000 chartists from the mines and colleries, who attacked Newport, England, led on by John Frost, an ex-magistrate. About 20 of the rioters were killed, and Frost taken prisoner.
1845. ELEAZER BLACKMAN, the last survivor of the massacre at Wyoming, died at Hanover, Pa.
1848. The new constitution of France, adopted in the general assembly, by 739 to 30.
1853. LUCIEN B. WEBSTER, a United States officer, died at fort Brown, Texas. He served on the eastern frontier in the time of the Aroostook trouble, and also distinguished himself at Buena Vista.
1853. Battle of Oltenitza, between the Turks and Russians, in which the latter lost 1,200 killed and wounded.
NOVEMBER 5.
1500. COLUMBUS arrived at Cadiz in fetters; when the king and queen, ashamed of the orders they had given, commanded him to be released. Notwithstanding the apologies of his sovereigns, Columbus never forgot this ignominy. He preserved his fetters, hung them up in his apartment, and ordered them to be buried with him.
1548. There fell in Thuringia what is described as a ball of fire, which was attended with a great noise; and a reddish substance like coagulated blood was afterwards found on the ground.
1605. Gunpowder plot discovered; a conspiracy for blowing up the English parliament, headed by Catesby. In the cellar was found 40 barrels of powder and Guy Fawkes.
1607. The famous grace _Non Nobis Domini_, composed by Bird, was first sung, on the second anniversary of the gunpowder plot.
1612. Prince HENRY died, aged 19. His funeral expenses were £16,016, yet his father, king James, would allow no mourning for him.
1630. JOHN KEPLER, a celebrated German astronomer, died. His genius and discoveries have been highly commended; but he maintained some very peculiar notions; among others, that the globe is a huge animal, which breathes out the winds through the holes in the mountains, as through its mouth and nostrils.
1635. THOMAS PARR, an English peasant, died at the age of 152. His habits were extremely temperate, and it is supposed that his death was hastened by a change of diet. JAMES BOWLES died in England in 1656, at the same age.
1678. JOHN BAPTIST NANI, a Venitian nobleman and ambassador, died. He wrote a history of Venice, and an account of his embassy to France.
1690. THOMAS BARTHOLINE died; an eminent professor of law and history at Copenhagen. His three brothers were professors in the same university, and his sister an excellent Danish poetess.
1702. The earl of Marlborough taken by a French party, but not being known, on producing a French pass, he was suffered to escape.
1714. BERNARDIN ROMAZZINI, an Italian physician, died at Padua, aged 81. Although blind he discharged the duties of professor of medicine with great applause in the university.
1732. JAMES OGLETHORPE, with several colonists, embarked for Georgia, in America.
1757. Battle of Rossbach, a village in Prussian Saxony; a decisive victory obtained by Frederick the great over the French and Austrians under Soubise.
1764. CHARLES CHURCHILL, the celebrated English poet, died at Boulogne.
1774. The militia of Virginia, assembled at fort Gower under lord Dunmore, the royal governor, declared their determination to support their countrymen, when called upon, and not the king, if he proceeded to execute the late obnoxious laws by force.
1780. VASILI EVDOKIMOVITCH ADADUROR, a Russian mathematician, died. He instructed Catharine II in the Russian language.
1782. The America, a 74 gun ship, built at Portsmouth, N. H., by order of congress, was launched. This was the first line of battle ship ever built in America.
1798. LEWIS GALVANI, an Italian philosopher, died at Bologna; celebrated as the discoverer of that kind of electricity called, after him, Galvanism. (See Feb. 5, 1799.)
1807. MARIA ANGELICA KAUFFMAN, an eminent French painter, and royal academician in London, died at Rome. She is styled by the Germans, "the painter of the soul;" and her mental acquirements and moral conduct were no less distinguished than her talents as an artist.
1816. GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, an American statesman and orator, died at his seat of Morrisiana, near New York.
1817. CHARLOTTE AUGUSTA, wife of prince Leopold of Coburg, and daughter of George IV of England and queen Caroline, died. The domestic life of the two former is held to be a _pattern_--not so the latter.
1831. PHILIP VAN COURTLAND, an officer of the revolutionary war, died at New York, aged 82.
1839. The British war ships Volage and Hyacinth proceeding to Chumpee in violation of the Chinese proclamation, were approached by 29 Chinese war junks, which they attacked. Six of the junks were sunk or blown up, and upwards of 500 men killed. The English suffered no injury. This was the beginning of the Chinese war.
1840. GEORGE R. T. HEWES, one of the persons who assisted in throwing the tea overboard in Boston harbor in the beginning of the revolution, died at German Flats, aged 106.
1854. GEORGE CATHCART, an eminent British general, killed at the battle of Inkerman, aged 60.
1854. CHARLES KEMBLE, an eminent English comedian, died at London, aged 74; the last surviving brother of this distinguished family.
1854. Battle of Inkerman, in which 50,000 Russians engaged 14,000 British and French. Russians lost about 9,000 besides prisoners; allies lost about 4,000.
1854. By the cholera which prevailed this season, the number of deaths up to this day were: in New York, 2,425; in Philadelphia, 575; in Boston, 255; in Pittsburg, 600.
1855. Battle at the river Ingour; Omar Pasha with 20,000 Turks defeated 10,000 Russians.
NOVEMBER 6.
606 B. C. The memory of the book of Jeremiah torn and burnt by king Jehoiakim, was observed as a fast, on the 6th of the Hebrew month _Caslew_.
63 B. C. CATALINE assembled the conspirators on the evening of this day, to fire the capital and cut off the principal citizens and the senate.
644. OMAR I, the second caliph after Mahomet, assassinated. His reign was signalized by many important events. The most extraordinary success attended the arms of the new religion; 36,000 towns and villages were conquered; the Alexandrian library and 4,000 Christian temples were destroyed; 400 mosques were built, and the ancient canal between the Nile and the Red sea was restored.
1406. Pope INNOCENT VII died.
1457. GUTENBERG ceded to Faust all the moulds, types, presses and utensils of the office, as surety for the sums advanced by the latter to carry on the business of printing and experimenting. The partnership was dissolved, and Gutenberg, with the assistance of Conrad Humery, opened another office in the same city.
1460. JOHN FASTOLFF, a brave English general, died, aged 80. Shakspeare has abused the character of this brave, generous and wealthy man, under the name of Falstaff. It is impossible for two characters to be more at variance than the real and fictitious Falstaff.
1620. RICHARD CAREW, an English antiquary, died. His memory is extravagantly lauded, as another Livy, &c.
1622. King JAMES issued "a proclamation, prohibiting interloping and disorderly trading to New England, in America." This remarkable edict was intended to protect the trade of the colony, but so far from proving beneficial to the company, really brought on its dissolution.
1632. Battle of Lutzen, and death of GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS. The imperial troops, 40,000 men, under Wallenstein, were defeated by the Swedes, 27,000, under Gustavus. The famous general Papenheim was mortally wounded.
1644. THOMAS ROE, an English statesman, died. During his residence at the court of Constantinople, he made a valuable collection of manuscripts, which were presented to the Bodleian library.
1656. JOHN IV (_the Fortunate_), of Portugal, died. He undertook the emancipation of his country from the Spanish yoke, in which he was successful and was placed upon the throne.
1656. JOHN BAPTIST MORIN, a celebrated French physician, died. He acquired great reputation as an astrologer, and consulted the stars for Richelieu and Mazarin.
1714. CHARLES DAVENANT, an English writer, died. Besides his works on political economy, his tragedy was received with great applause.
1769. CLAUDE SIMEON PASSEMANT died. He was brought up to a trade in Paris, which he quitted for higher pursuits. Among his ingenious labors, are mentioned an astronomical pendulum with a moving celestial sphere, a burning mirror, and some globes.
1790. JAMES BOWDOIN, governor of Massachusetts, died. He was constantly employed in the public service on the side of his country, and was honored at home and abroad for his literary acquirements.
1792. Battle of Gemappe, in which the French revolutionists under Dumourier, after a bloody action, gained a decisive victory over the Austrians; and a short time after every town in the Netherlands except Luxemburg was in the hands of the French.
1793. LOUIS JOSEPH PHILIP, duke of Orleans, guillotined at Paris. His character and morals were infamous. He gave his vote for the death of the king, an act which shocked even the most abandoned of his friends.
1806. Battle of Lubec; the French under Bernadotte and Soult carried the town by assault. Blucher retreated with the loss of 5,500 prisoners, 5,000 killed and wounded, and 300 wagons.
1813. The American army under general Wilkinson disembarked the whole of the troops and passed Prescott. A heavy cannonade was opened by the British on the flotilla of 300 boats, not one of which was touched, however.
1832. Grand festival in Sweden in honor of Gustavus Adolphus, it being the 200th anniversary of the battle of Lutzen.
1839. WILLIAM B. CONWAY, secretary of Iowa territory, died; well known as a poet, and a man of literary talent and taste.
1840. THOMAS PRINCE, a colored man, died in New York, aged 111. He is said to have been "as quick as a man in the prime of life;" he died suddenly, without sickness.
1842. WILLIAM HONE, the well known author of the _Every Day Book_, died at Tottenham, England. His political satires gave him some distinction.
1852. DANIEL DRAKE, an eminent physician, of Cincinnati, died, aged 67. He published a work on the _Diseases of the Valley of North America_, and earned the reputation of a man of high talent, unsparing labor and prodigal research.
1853. The first presbyterian Chinese church organized at San Francisco.
NOVEMBER 7.
63 B. C. CICERO, with the authority of a consul, summoned the senate to the temple of Jupiter, where it was assembled only in times of public alarm, and delivered his famous invective in the presence of Cataline.
3 B. C. CAIUS CILNIUS MAECENAS the friend and counselor of Augustus, died. To him Virgil dedicated his _Georgics_, and Horace his _Odes_.
1280. The statute in English law called _quo warranto_, passed.
1297. WALLACE granted a protection to the monks of Hexham, for their lives and possessions. "Abide with me, for there alone can you be secure; for my people are evil doers, and I can not punish them."
1492. A marvelous _thunder stone_ fell about mid-day at Ensisheim, in Alsace, which weighed as is learnedly attested, 255 pounds.
1594. MARTIN FROBISHER, the English navigator, wounded at Croyson near Brest, of which he died.
1609. The Half Moon, under Henry Hudson, on her return from the discovery of New York and Albany, arrived at Dartmouth, in England, whence he forwarded tidings of his arrival and an account of his discoveries, to the directors of the East India company at Amsterdam.
1665. The first _Gazette_ in England was published at Oxford, where the court had retired, during the great plague. It was removed to London in the February following, and took the title of _London Gazette_. (Quære.)
1696. Third frame of government of Pennsylvania passed by Gov. Matthews.
1704. ANDREW ACOLUTH (_Acoluthus_), a German linguist of extraordinary acquirements, died.
1724. JOHN KYRLE, the celebrated _Man of Ross_, died, aged 90. He is immortalized by Pope, and more by his own beneficent actions.
1724. The president and vice-president of Thorn, in Poland, sentenced to be beheaded for neglect of duty, it being alleged that they had suffered religionists to riot. The sentences against the protestants were so severe and harsh, that all the protestant powers of Europe interposed for a reversal, but without success.
1752. _The Adventurer_, by Dr. Hawkesworth, appeared.
1775. Lord DUNMORE declared Virginia to be in a state of rebellion; he proclaimed martial law, and invited the slaves to join him.
1783. The last person publicly burned by the Spanish inquisition. This was a woman, who perished at Seville. The victims of that diabolical institution were afterwards doomed to die in dungeons, where the shrieks of agonizing nature could only be heard by those whose interest it was to conceal them.
1794. Nymegen, which had been pronounced by British engineers strong enough to check the irruption of the _sans cullotes_ into Holland, was evacuated by the British and Dutch, who succeeded in crossing the Waal.
1805. LEWIS and CLARK'S party arrived at the mouth of the Columbia river, in sight of the ocean.
1806. The Prussian general BLUCHER, surrendered to the French, with 16,000 men and 80 cannon. This was the last body of the Prussians left after the battle of Jena, and closed all opposition to the views of Bonaparte in Prussia.
1811. Battle of Tippecanoe; the Indians under the Shawnee prophet, brother of Tecumseh, were defeated by the United States troops under Gen. Harrison. The Indians lost 300 killed; American loss, 188 killed and wounded.
1812. Battle of Dorogobouche; the Russians attacked the retreating French army, which, after a desperate and sanguinary contest, retreated to the river Dnieper. The field presented to the victors a continued line of dead and dying, the snow being absolutely blackened with the bodies of man and beast, destroyed by ball or sword, cold or famine.
1814. Pensacola, in Florida, taken by the Americans under Gen. Jackson, who kept possession of it until the Spaniards could obtain a sufficient force to maintain their neutrality from violation by the British.
1836. A great balloon journey from London to Weilburg, in Nassau, a distance of nearly 600 miles, which was traversed in 18 hours. It carried upwards of a ton ballast, besides a quantity of wine and other stores; its greatest elevation was 2 miles.
1837. The press of the _Alton Observer_, an anti-slavery newspaper, destroyed for the third time at Alton, Illinois, by the mob. The Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy, the editor, was killed, and also one of the mob.
1838. ANNE GRANT, a Scottish authoress, died, aged 84. She was distinguished for her literary taste and conversational powers. The scene of her _American Lady_, is laid in the city of Albany.
1842. WILLIAM MCPHEETERS, a distinguished American divine, and for many years a successful teacher of youth, died at Raleigh, N. C.
1848. Agreeably to an act of the American congress, all the states voted for electors for president and vice-president.
1856. The first marriage of a Hindoo widow was celebrated at Calcutta, the parties being of high rank.
NOVEMBER 8.
532. Pope BONIFACE II died; his father was a Goth; he was elected to the pontifical office in 530.
1226. LOUIS VIII (_the Lion_), king of France, died. He was distinguished for his valor, and waged successful war against the English and other nations. He finally lost the greater part of his army by contagious disease, and perished by it himself.
1231. ABDU-L-LATTIF, an Arabian physician, historian and traveler, died, aged 69. He wrote upwards of 160 works, of which a history of Egypt is highly esteemed.
1308. JOHN DUNS (_Duns Scotus_), a celebrated theologian, died. He affected to maintain opinions contrary to those of Thomas Aquinas, which produced two parties in the schools, the Thomists and the Scotists.
1512. AMERY D'AMBOISE, a French admiral, died; famous for the naval victory he obtained over the sultan of Egypt, two years before his death.
1517. FRANCIS XIMENES, a Spanish ecclesiastic, died, aged 81. He was eminent as a statesman, warrior and patron of learning, and was at the head of the Spanish government many years. He was the publisher of the _Complutensian Polyglott_.
1519. The Spaniards under Cortez entered the city of Mexico.
1520. A general massacre of all the nobility of Sweden, except Gustavus Vasa, whose providential escape led to a revolution, and the separation of the union between Denmark, Sweden and Norway, and the deposition of Christian II, by whom the bloody deed was instigated.
1608. The Bodleian library at Oxford, England, first opened to the public.
1674. JOHN MILTON, an illustrious English poet, died. He also wrote many political and controversial tracts, and a _History of Britain_, which occupied him many years.
1690. Belgrade retaken by the Turks.
1777. British attacked Mud fort, now fort Mifflin. It was gallantly defended by a few militia under Col. Smith, who repulsed the enemy.
1781. LEWIS POULLE, a French ecclesiastic, died; celebrated for his eloquence, and for his poetry.
1792. The French under Dampierre, took Ath, which contained several large magazines. They also took possession of Nieuwpoort, Ostend and Bruges on the same day. At the same time another army of the French took Tournay, and all Flanders submitted to them.
1793. MARY JANE PHILIPON ROLAND, an eminent French lady, guillotined. She was a woman of great information and superior talents. She published her travels in England and Switzerland, was the soul of the republican party, and secretly governed many of the public measures which were proposed in the convention before it fell into the foulest hands.
1799. BONAPARTE affected a revolution in Paris, and the councils of Ancients, and Five Hundred, adjourned to St. Cloud.
1805. Battle of Marientzel; the French under Davoust defeated the allies, took 16 cannon and 3,000 prisoners.
1806. Magdeburg, in Lower Saxony, surrendered to the French under Ney. He took 20 generals, 16,000 men, 800 pieces of artillery, 1,000,000 pounds of powder, and a vast bridge equipage, and immense magazines of all kinds.
1808. A Mr. DOWLER, of Towcester, England, completed, on a wager, a pedestrian performance of 500 miles in 7 days.
1809. The French attacked, carried and plundered the town of Hostalrick, but were forced to retire by Gen. Quadrado, who retook the plunder.
1809. The functions of the British minister, Francis James Jackson, ceased by order of President Madison, and he was debarred all intercourse with the American government.
1813. Battle of Tallegada; the Indians defeated by Gen. Jackson.
1814. British ship Leander captured American privateer schooner Gen. Putnam, 8 guns and 57 men; her guns were thrown overboard during this and a former chase.
1828. THOMAS BEWICK, one of the most celebrated engravers on wood in England, died. Engraving the cuts for the celebrated Dr. Hutton's mensuration first introduced him to notice while yet an apprentice.
1837. EDWARD DORR GRIFFIN, an eminent American divine, died; 15 years president of Williams college.
1853. A new planet in the constellation Taurus was discovered by Mr. Hind, an English astronomer. It was the ninth planet discovered by Mr. Hind in the course of seven years, and raised the number of that extraordinary group of worlds between Mars and Jupiter to twenty-seven.
NOVEMBER 9.
2348 B. C. The great flood began, according to Polyhistor, from Berosus, upon the 15th, or the ides, of the Assyrian month Doesia, agreeing with this day. This event was prefigured to the patriarch in a vision, when the deity enjoined him to commit to writing a history of all things, which he was to bury in the city of the sun, at Sipara. The same uninspired authority informs us, that Noah was the tenth king of the Chaldea, and that he reigned 18 sari.
1606. JEROME MERCURIALIS died; an Italian physician of great abilities, and author of several works.