Part 5
TOFT (Scandinavian), _a field_, _the border of the house and homestead_.—Lowes-TOFT, Knocking-TOFTS, TOFT.
In France we find Hau-TOT, Crique-TOT, Ec-TOT, Sasse-TOT, Anse-TOT, Ebel-TOFT, Enges-TOFTE.
TOT (Anglo-Saxon), _a small grove_.—TOTN-ore, TOT-ham, TOTTEN-ham, TUT-bury, TOT-land Bay, TET-bury, DOD-pits, TOT-lets, TOT-ern-hoe.
TELGR (Scandinavian), _a tract of land_.—Soder-TELGE, Soder-TELJE, Norr-TELGE.
TVED, THWAITE (Scandinavian), _a path_, _an isolated piece of ground_, _ground cleared of wood_.—Lock-THWAITE, Stanger-THWAITE, Hall-THWAITE, Line-THWAITE, TVEDE, Om-THVETT, Skis-VED.
WAN, WING, WANG (Anglo-Saxon), _a large indefinite tract of land_, _a meadow_.—WANG-ford, WING-field, WAN-stead, Tongs-WINGE, WANGER-oog, WANG, El-WANGEN.
WASTE (Provincial), _a level_.—WASTE-water, Thorn-WASTE.
WRIDE (Anglo-Saxon), _an intertwining, luxuriant thicket_.—WRAYS-bury, WRITTLE, Ease-WRITH, WRET-ham, WRET-ton, Ting-RITH (Tyn-GRAVE).
WITH (Scandinavian), _a wood_.—Ask-WITH, Bram-WITH, WITHER-by, &c.
WOOD (English), WEIDE (German), _pasture ground_.—WEID-au, WID-au, WED-more, WID-combe, WOOT-ton, WIDDE-combe, &c.
WIESE (German), _a meadow_.—WIES-baden, WIESEN-thied, &c.
(_D_) NAMES OF HABITATIONS.
BAND (Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian), _a division_, _boundary_.—How-BAND, Millstone-BAND, Taylor’s-gill-BAND, Southernly-BOUND, &c.
BY, BO (Scandinavian), _a town_, from BUA, _to dwell_; BYR, _the town of commerce_.—Kir-BY, Kirk-BY, Thores-BY, Der-BY, Den-BY, Wait-BY, Horns-BY, Ire-BY, &c.; Kirk-BOE, Frode-BOE, Qual-BOE, BY-grave, BY-field, BUER-dale, Wibel-BUHR, and Ochtel-BUHR. In France we find this root, under the form BEUF, in Lim-BEUF, Mar-BEUF, Quille-BEUF, and Marque-BEUF.
BOLD, BALT, BOOTH, BOTTLE (Anglo-Saxon), _a dwelling_.—Shil-BOTTLE, New-BOLD, New-BALD, BOLT-on, Par-BOLD, BOOTLE, Lor-BOTTLE, BOOTH-by, More-BATTLE, BOT-ley, New-BOTTLE, BOULDER-dale, BUITTLE, BOT-ham, and BOT-hall.
BORDE (Provincial), _a cottage_.—BORD-well, &c.
BUTTEL (German), _a dwelling_.—Wolfen-BUTTEL, Lust-BUTTEL, Bruns-BUTTEL, &c.
BIGGEN (Provincial), _a building_, from BIG, _to build_.—New-BIGGEN, Sun-BIGGEN (south-building), &c.
BOW, BOL (Scandinavian), _a dwelling_, _house of a proprietor_.—BOWS, BOW-ness, BOW-scale Tarn (Bowness was anciently called BOL-ness, or BUL-ness), BOLY, BOL-bec, Mum-BLE, Strum-BLE, Alden-BULL, Tetten-BULL, BOL-stadoren.
BURG, BURY, BOROUGH (Anglo-Saxon), _a city_, _place of retreat or defence_.—BURY, Nether-BURY, Hem-BURY, Stan-BURY, Sid-BURY, Salis-BURY (Scaro-BYRIG, _the dry-city_), Shaftes-BURY (_town of shafts_), BURG-walter (BRIDGE-water), BOROUGH-bridge, Sea-BOROUGH, Sad-BOROUGH, Water-PERRY, Wood-PERRY.
BURRA-voe, BROUGH, and BROUGH-under-Stanmore are examples of the Scandinavian form, BROUGH.
BUSTA, BUSTER, BUST (Scandinavian), _a dwelling-place_, a contraction of BOL-STATHR, _dwelling seat_. (See BOL).—Hob-BISTER, Swan-BISTER, Flad-BISTER, Swara-BISTER, Swara-STER, Mura-STER, Kirka-BISTER, and BUSTA-voe.
CHIP, CHEAP (Anglo-Saxon), _a market_.—
CHIPPING Norton, COPEN-hagen, COPPEN-brugge, KIOB-stae, Norr-KOPING, north-_market_; Ny-KOPING, new-_market_; CHEP-stow, _market_ place; CHEAP-side, _market_-seat; COUP-man Beck (COUP-land Beck), _merchant’s district brook_; Soder-KOPING, south-_market_.
COT, COAT, COTE, KET (Anglo-Saxon), _a hut_, _salt-pit_, _cottage_, _the dwelling of the poorer classes_.—
Swins-COE, swine’s _cottage_; Hes-KET, horse-_cottage_; Plas-KET, marshy-_cottage_; COTS-wold, the _cottages_ of the wolds; COT-leigh, the _cottage_ by the pasture; COTTES-more the _cottage_ by the moor; &c.
DERNE (Anglo-Saxon), _a solitary place_.—DEARNE, DARN-all, Wath-upon-DEARNE, Bode-DERN, DERN-yett, &c.
DACRE, DAKER (Scandinavian), _log-house_.—DACRE, DAKER-stead, &c.
ERN, ERNE (Anglo-Saxon), _a dwelling_, _hermitage_.—Crewk-ERNE, Ask-ERN, Kill-EARN, Cow-ARNE, &c.
GATA (Scandinavian), _a street_, _road_, _path_, _thoroughfare_.—Fresh-water-GATE, Fisher-GATE, Clappers-GATE, Hollow-GATE, Darn-YETT. Some of the leading thoroughfares in London end in GATE—_e.g._, Bishops-GATE-street, Moor-GATE-street, Kings-GATE-street.
The form GADE, found in Denmark and Norway, has the same signification.—GADE-busch, &c.
GALE, GEIL (Scandinavian), _a dwelling in a hollow_.—GALE-garth, GALE-hows, Grettis-GEIL, &c.
HUT, HUTTE (Anglo-Saxon), _a shelter_, _house_, _dwelling_, &c.—HUT-ton, HUT-toft, &c.
HAM (Anglo-Saxon), HEIM (German), UM (Frisian), HOME (English), _farm_, _enclosed land_, _a village or town_; the same root occurs in HAM-let.—High-HAM, Low-HAM, East-HAM, HAM-don, HAMP-ton, HAM-burgh, Dront-HEIM, Blen-HEIM, Hus-UM, Hol-UM, Fisk-UM, Skiv-UM, Ann-HAM, and Zel-HAM.
GARTH, GUARDS (Scandinavian), _an enclosed place_; YARD (Anglo-Saxon).—Mel-GUARDS, Stain-GARTH, Sky-GARTH, Gas-GARTH, Cal-GARTH, Bro-GAR, Land-GUARDS, Lan-GAR, Humble-YARD, and YARD-ley.
HALL, EALH (Anglo-Saxon), _a castle_, _mansion_, _house of a king_, _a temple_; ALHS (Gothic).—HAL-twistle, HAL-stock, Lilles-HALL, Coppen-HALL, Darn-ALL, ALA-darp, ALS-hein, and ALS-feld.
HOLD, HALD (Anglo-Saxon), _tenement_, _fortress_.—HOLD-shott, HOLD-fast, HOLD-gate, HOLDEN-by, HALDER-ness, and Neu-HALDENS-leben.
HELM (Provincial), _hovel_, _cottage_.—HELM-don, HELM-ley, &c.
HEM (Anglo Saxon), _limit_, _border_.—HEM-don, HEM-bury, HEM-ley, &c.
HERNE (Anglo-Saxon), _a dwelling_, _retired place_.—Lan-HERNE, Mat-HERNE, HERNE-Bay, HERNE-hill, &c. (See ERN).
HOUSE (English); HUS, HUUS (Scandinavian); HAUS, HAUSEN, HUSEN, SEN (German), _a residence_.—HUS-thwaite, Wood-HOUSE, Bo-HUS-land, Ar-OS, Aa-HUUS, HAUS-ruck, Schaff-HAUSEN, Borg-holz-HAUSEN, Ink-HUIZEN, Al-SEN, and As-SENS.
HOF, HOVEN (German), _a court_, _temple_; HOF (Scandinavian).—There is near Appleby a village called HOFF; HOFF-row, HOFF-common, and HOFF-lund are places containing the same root.
IN, INNE (Anglo-Saxon), _an enclosure, occupied by the proprietor_.—IN-gars-by, IN-gate-stone, IN-skip-with, IN-golds-by, EN-field, IN-ward-leigh.
KIRKE, KIRK (Scandinavian), _a church_.—KIR-by, KIRK-by, Aa-KIRKE, Dun-KIRK, &c.
LATH, LAITH (Scandinavian), _a barn_.—LATH-kill, LAITH-kirk, LATH-bury, &c.
LAND (Scandinavian), _a district_.—Nat-LAND, Mor-LAND, Ly-LAND, Rus-LAND, Gar-LAND, &c.
MEL (Gothic), _a boundary_.—MEL-guards, MEL-beck, Cart-MELL-fel, MEAL-rigg, MEL-ay.
PIGHTLE, PIGLE, PINGLE (Anglo-Saxon), _a small parcel of land enclosed with hedges_, _a field adjoining the farm-house_.—PIGHTELS-thorne, PIGLES-thorne, and PIT-stone.
RAY, REAY (Scandinavian), _a corner_.—REAY, Dock-RAY, Elle-RAY, &c.
RICK (Provincial), _a district_.—Rast-RICK, Land-RICK, Lind-RICK, Mar-RICK; REICH, RICH (German), REICHEN-hall, REICHEN-au, Au-RICH, and Ell-RICH.
ROW, ROWE (Anglo-Saxon), _a street_.—ROW-botham, Hoff-ROW, Hard-ROW, ROW-land, &c.
SAD (Anglo-Saxon), _a camp_.—SAD-borough, SED-bergh.
SCALE, SHIEL, SHIELD (Scandinavian) _a log-house_, _fisherman’s hut_.—SCALE-force, Thorny-SCALE, Bon-SCALE, Hud-SCALES, SCALE-hill, North SHIELDS, South SHIELDS, Lin-SHEELS, SHILL-hill.
SEL, SELE, SALE (Anglo-Saxon), _a hall_, _mansion_, _seat_.—Bo-SELL, Kel-SALE, SEL-side, SALE-fell, SEL-by, Buer-SILL, Bruch-SAL and Up-SALA (high _halls_.)
SET, SETA (Anglo-Saxon), SEAT, SIDE (Scandinavian), _a seat or dwelling_, _pasture upon a mountain side_.—Lang-SETT, Somer-SET, Dor-SET, SETTLE, SHOTTLE, As-kel-SIDE, Orm-SIDE, Raven-SIDE, SEAT-allan, SEAT-Robert, SEAT-oller, Out-SEATS, Thor-SET, and Ulv-SET.
SHIR, SHIRE (Anglo-Saxon), _a division_.—SHARES-hill, SHER-wood, SHARN-brook, Half-SHIRE, &c.
SHED, SHAD (Anglo-Saxon) _a division_.—SHAD-well, SHAD-forth, SHAD-ox-hurst, &c.
SKANS (Scandinavian), _a fort_.—SCAN-dale.
SKEW (Scandinavian), _a place in a corner_.—Scale-SCEUGH, Barn-SKEW, A-SKEW, North-SCEUGH.
SOK (Anglo-Saxon), _a ward_.—SOCK-burn, SOCK-hyre, &c.
STALL, STELL (Anglo-Saxon) _a residence_.—Bor-STALL, Hep-ton-STALL, Tun-STALL, Bo-STELL, HEIKEN, Borg-STELL (a _residence_ on the side of a hill).
STAPLE, STAPOL, STABLE (Anglo-Saxon), _a market place_, _an establishment_.—STAPLE, Barn-STAPLE, STAPLE-ton, STAPL-oe, STAPLE-ford.
STEAD (Anglo-Saxon), STADR, STER (Scandinavian), _the site of a building_, _a mansion_.—Kirk-STEADS, Hamp-STEAD, Ash-STEAD, STEAD-combe, the STAITHE, STAITHES, Brab-STER, Wolf-STER, Honi-STER, Ul-STER, Lein-STER, Mun-STER, Y-STAD, Neu-STADT, Strom-STRATT, and STADEN.
STITCHES (Anglo-Saxon), _deep narrow furrows for draining land_.—STITCH-bury, STITCHEL, STETCH-worth.
STOKE (Anglo-Saxon), _a place by the water_.—STOKE, STOKE-Pogis, &c.
STOW (Anglo Saxon) _a place_, _village_; STOE, STA (Scandinavian).—STOWE, Chep-STOW, Sme-STOW, Bri-STOL, STOW-market, STOW-on-the-Wold, Dock-STA (marshy-_place_), Bro-STA (bridge-_village_), Fog-STOEN, Haver-STOE (oat-_village_), and Mogle-STUE.
THING (Scandinavian), _a council_.—THING-oe, DING-wall.
THORPE, TORP, DRUP, RUP, UP (Scandinavian), _a village_; TORF, DORF (German).—Col-THORPE, Adles-TROP, Soul-DROP, Cracken-THORPE (crow-_village_), Hack-THORPE, Ebers-DORF, Al-TORF, Hump-DRUP, Brade-RUP.
TON, TUN (Anglo-Saxon), _an enclosure_, _town_.—Ac-TON, Wes-TON, New-TON, Clay-TON, TUN-bridge, TUN-stall, Eas-TYN, As-TEN.
TWISTLE, TWIZLE (Anglo-Saxon), _a border_, _boundary_.—Ex-TWISTLE, Hal-TWISTLE, Hau-TWYSEL, Tin-TWISEL, TWIZELL, TWISEL.
TYE (Anglo-Saxon), _a district_.—TEE-ton, the TYES, TEW, TEIGH, TEY.
WAR, WARK (Scandinavian), _a fortification_.—Ne-WARK, Grims-ARGH, South-WARK, WAR-cop, WARK-leigh, Lessoe-VARKS, WARK-um.
WARD (Anglo-Saxon), _a watch_, _guard_, &c.—WARD-le, WARD-en, WART-hill.
WALL, VOLD (Scandinavian), _a rampart_, _mound_, _fortification_.—Ting-WALL, Kirk-WALL, WALL-op, Ude-VALLA, Eids-VOLD.
WEILER (German), _a dwelling station_.—Esch-WEILER, Buchs-WEILER.
WON, WIN (Anglo-Saxon), _a dwelling_, _possession_.—WON-ersh, WON-ton, WON-ford.
LONDON: JUDD & GLASS, NEW BRIDGE STREET, BLACKFRIARS, E. C.
Transcriber’s Note
Typesetting errors (misplaced, wrong or missing punctuation; use of _italics_ and UPPER CASE LETTERS) have been corrected. For the most part, place names have not been checked for accuracy: the large number of them made this impractical. A few spelling mistakes that were apparent have, though, been corrected.
End of Project Gutenberg's The Etymology of Local Names, by R. Morris