ii. Absence of Assertion 103

b. Two Things 104

5. Distinction between Subject and Predicate 107

LECTURE VII THE CATEGORICAL AND THE HYPOTHETICAL JUDGMENTS

1. Some Criticisms on the ordinary scheme of Judgment 112 a. Why we need a Scheme 112 b. The Common Scheme 113

2. Which Judgments are Categorical? 116 (1) The “Particular” Judgment 116 a. Natural Meaning 116 b. Limited Meaning 117 (2) “Singular” Judgment 118 (3) “Universal” Judgment 119 (4) “Hypothetical” Judgment 121 (5) “Disjunctive” Judgment 123

LECTURE VIII NEGATION, AND OPPOSITION OF JUDGMENTS

1. Distinction between Contrary and Contradictory Opposition 126

2. Contrary Negation 128

3. Why use Negation? 130

4. Stage of Significant Negation; Combination of Contrary and Contradictory 132

5. Negative Judgment expressing Fact 134

6. Operation of the Denied Idea 135

{x}

LECTURE IX INFERENCE AND THE SYLLOGISTIC FORMS

1. Inference in General 137

2. Conditions of the Possibility of Inference 139

3. System the ultimate condition of Inference 140

4. Immediate Inference 141

5. Number of Instances 142

6. Figures of Syllogism, illustrating Progress from Guess-work to Demonstration 146

LECTURE X INDUCTION, DEDUCTION, AND CAUSATION

1. Induction 151 a. By simple Enumeration 151 b. Enumeration always has a Ground 152