Chapter 3

Chapter 33,120 wordsPublic domain

"Infan', mia ĉarma similo," Li diris, "ho! venu kun mi; Ni vivos en brila Ĉielo Ne estas Ter' inda je vi.

"Ĉar tie neniu ĝojegas; Suferas l'anim' en plezur' Ekkrio feliĉa elvokas Sopiron el kor' sammezur'.

"Kaj timo kun ĉiuj festenas-- Neniam trankvila maten' Vesperon similan entenas[33] Aŭ de l'morgaŭ estas subten'[34].

"Ĉagreno kaj kora doloro Ĉu sulkus[35] vin, ho! frunto pur? Okulojn plenigus la ploro ... Ĉu ja estas penseble nur?

"Ne, Ne, tra la supra vasteco Ekflugu tuj kune kun mi; Pardonas la Dia Zorgeco La tagojn estontajn por vi!

"Vestiĝu funebre neniu Por vin el ter' vidi forir'; Last' hor' via estu por ĉiu Simila je l'ĉitienir'.[36]

"Nenia plorema vizaĝo, Ĉe l'tombo neniu ĝemant'; Pro via benita pur' aĝo, Mortint' ŝajnas kiel dormant'."

Flugilojn L'Anĝelo malfaldis, Kaj tra l'blua regno de l'sun', Duop' ili supren flugadis-- --Senfila patrin' estas nun'.

_El_ J. Reboul.

_Esperantigis_ A. Motteau.

FOOTNOTES:

[32] Cradle.

[33] Contains.

[34] Support.

[35] Wrinkle.

[36] Coming here.

CORRESPONDENCE NOTES.

In our first issue the hope was expressed that all Esperantists would, without delay, translate the two letters enclosed in the Textbook and send them in for "The Adresaro." Many have already done so, and will no doubt soon commence their foreign correspondence, even if the collecting of picture postcards or postage stamps be the initial incentive. Several translators have experienced slight difficulties in their work, which we now take the opportunity of explaining.

In the first edition of the Textbook the first letter contained the word "propono." Many were unable to translate this, the meaning of which is "proposal." "Ekskolonelo" also presented difficulty to many. The meaning is simply "ex-colonel"!

The more recent letters seem to contain but one point of difficulty--the wonderful ever-recurring word "samideano" (which was here put in the feminine through an oversight). We have not yet discovered an apt translation for this most useful term. One of our members has put "friend in Esperanto," whereas others describe it as "kindred spirit" or "fellow-thinker." The literal meaning is of course "one who shares the same idea as yourself."

* * *

A most interesting letter has come to hand from one of our enthusiastic members. We here print it at length:--

"Dear Sir,--I am reluctant to encroach upon your time, but I feel _I must_ write to congratulate you upon the get-up, the good printing, and the general excellence of your first number. It is far and away the best Esperanto journal I have seen.

"One of your correspondents, I see, urges that her age (71) precludes the possibility of her doing much for Esperanto. I hope not. If she has the same good health as I have, she may have several years before her yet. I am in my 81st year, and though I have a very busy life, I take a great delight in our "Kara Lingvo," and can read it with tolerable ease ... I am puzzled about the sound of "Eŭ," "Ej," and "Uj" ... I cannot make out the last line but one on page 9.

Yours, etc., E.D.R."

We heartily thank E.D.R. for his interesting and cheering letter. Certainly we all hope to have plenty of time before us in which to propagate "La Karan Lingvon."

To deal with the last point first, it was one of the printer's errors which one must inevitably find in a journal printed in a new language. "Firmo firinoj" should have been the one word "Firmoj." Our good colleague, Mr. Ahlberg, is thus fully exculpated from what at first sight must have seemed to our readers as "very original Esperanto" on his part. In apologising for the error, we would again call the attention of our readers to the motto at the top of page 1.

The _Eŭ_ is very rare, generally found in _Eŭropo_, which is pronounced as _Ay-oo-roh-po_, just as if the ordinary _u_ had been used. _The letter ŭ has no individual sound_, as was explained in our last issue. _Ej_ in _plej_, and all other cases, has the value of the _ayi_ in playing. _Uj_ as in ruin. Take for example the word _Patrujo_. This is spoken _Pah-troo-yo_. Similarly _Lernejo_ is _Lairn-eh-yo_.

* * *

J.H.M. of Walthamstow writes a congratulatory letter in Esperanto, concluding with the request that we explain the etymology of three words used in the Gazette. "Klopodi," meaning "to busy one's self about something," is derived from the Polish: klopotac sie. "Ĉerpi," meaning "to exhaust," comes from the Polish: czerpac. "Varbi," "to enrol," from the German: bewarben.

N.B.--It is remarkable, considering that Dr. Zamenhof is a Pole, that there are not more Slavonic words in Esperanto.

Philologists will find the Universal Dictionary (in Esperanto, French, English, German, Russian, and Polish) a useful work. Price 1s., post free.

* * *

Friends have written suggesting that we should have monthly competitions for the best translations from given passages in English literature. The idea is an excellent one, but we cannot adopt it at present, as our time is too fully occupied to enable us to give the requisite amount of care to the competitors' efforts. Nevertheless, we hope for an interesting competition in the near future. We need original work, however, more than translations. Meanwhile we offer a Prize (the Will o' the Wisp English-Esperanto Dictionary, which really ought to be ready by Christmas) to all friends who can send us the annual subscriptions of ten new subscribers. Of course secretaries and officials of groups are not included in this offer.

We are glad to state that we have received numbers of interesting letters. Our inveterate foe, space, forbids our printing all we wish. We trust that our friends will be satisfied with the written replies which are generally sent when their letters are crowded out.

DIVERSAJ SCIIGOJ.

Samideanoj en Boulogne-sur-Mer faris publikan pruvon pri la utileco de Esperanto per tiu ĉi gazeto. Trovinte Francajn amikojn kiuj komprenis la Anglan lingvon, ili petis ke tiuj ĉi traduku en la Francan la dulingvajn artikolojn en nia unua nombro. La Esperantistoj ankaŭ faris same. La rezulto estis rimarkinda. La tradukoj de la Esperantaj adeptoj estis pli akurataj ol tiuj de la studentoj de la Angla lingvo. Tiel oni praktike pruvis ke Esperanto estis ankaŭ taŭga ilo per kiu lerni naturajn lingvojn! Ili ankaŭ sammaniere tradukis _La Suno Hispana_.

* * *

Ni bedaŭras ke ni ne havas sufiĉe da spaco por doni ĉiumonate malgrandan priskribon pri niaj samtempaj gazetoj Esperantaj. Eble la Lingvo Internacia, L'Espérantiste kaj la Belga Sonorilo estas tiel bone konataj de nia legantaro kiel estas La Lumo. Sed tre malgranda nombro de Anglaj Esperantistoj vidis la novan (mi estis dironta la plej novan sed _tiu ĉi_ Esperantist estas la lastenaskita) _Hispana Suno_. Ĝi estas dekdupaĝa monata gazeto en la lingvoj Hispanaj kaj Esperantaj, kaj enhavas multe da tre interesa kroniko. Oni ne trovos rakontojn aŭ poemojn, sed la organo estos tre utila por ĉiuj kiuj deziras lerni la lingvon de Cervantes; ĉar la paralelaj tradukoj estas laŭvortaj.

* * *

La Sekretario de la Edukada Regnafako[37] skribis, antaŭ ne longe, al Sinjoro Ellis (Keighley), respondante je lia propono ke la instruado pri Esperanto fariĝus parton de la edukada kurso en la lernejoj popolaj kaj dugradaj. Li diris ke "La fakestroj ne estas pretaj por akcepti la proponon nuntempe." Movi regnan fakon estas longa afero, sed espera fajrereto kuŝas kaŝe en tiu vorto _nuntempe_.

* * *

Sinjoro Ellis ankaŭ sciigas nin ke Sinjoro Wackrill, Colombo, Ceylon, komencis kurson, esperante plioficiale fondigi societon kiam la membraro estos plimultiĝinta.

Ni bonvolas sukceson je lia entrepreno, kiu speciale interesas nin ĉar ĝi estas la unua peno por disvastigi Esperanton en Ceylon.

* * *

Sinjoro Metcalfe diras ke li nun komencis korespondan ŝakludon kun Subleŭtenanto L. Jamin (Antverpeno). Ambaŭ el ili ĉiam skribas en Esperanto kaj Sinjoro Metcalfe nun atendas la kvaran movon.

* * *

La unua kunveno de la nova Esperanto Society en Brixton estis tre sukcesa. Preskaŭ cent ĉeestantoj aŭskultis paroladon pri la lingvo internacia kaj ĝia gramatiko. Poste, dudeksep el ili membriĝis kaj la ĉiusemajna kurso komencis. Sinjoro E. W. Eagle, 21, Kellett Road, Brixton, estas la Hon. Sek.; kaj li volonte respondos je ĉiuj demandoj pri la nova societo, kies jarabonpago estas 2s. 6d.

* * *

Jen estas ankaŭ bonaj novaĵoj de Plymouth. Sinjoro Treleaven paroladis ĉe la Athenæum, Plymouth, kaj, post kelkaj tagoj, donos similan paroladon en Liskeard, Cornwall.

Oni devas gratuli tiun ĉi energian varbiston kaj esperi ke la du paroladoj kreos multajn samideanojn kaj eble fondigos novajn kursojn.

* * *

Tiu ĉi estas nur la dua nombro de The Esperantist, sed ĝi estas la lasta de la jaro 1903a. La Redaktoro deziras sendi internaciajn salutojn al ĉiuj amikoj, ĉu Angloj, ĉu alilanduloj, kaj gratuli ilin pri la bona progreso kiun Esperanto faris dum tiu ĉi jaro. Esperanto ĉiam kreadas entuziasmulojn;[38] sekve ĝi kreskadas pli kaj pli rapide.

Antaŭ dekdu monatoj, la bela lingvo estis preskaŭ nekonata en tiu ĉi lando. Nun jen estas tie ĉi almenaŭ 5,000 personojn kiuj aĉetis lernolibrojn; kaj unu lernolibro ofte instruas multajn lernantojn. Kaj tiu ĉi ne estas la plej bona atesto pri la praktikeco de Esperanto. Multaj el niaj ĉi-tieaj samideanoj jam estas adeptoj, kaj skribis bonajn kaj interesajn artikolojn por tiu ĉi malgranda organo. Vere, mi dubas ĉu estus eble ke oni redaktu gazeton en natura lingvo ajn, post dekdu monatoj de lernado; eĉ se tiu lernado estus estinta treege koncentrigita. Sed tia estas la simpleco de Esperanto, ĝia logikeco, ĝia senescepteco, ke oni povas eldoni monatan gazeton en la nova lingvo kaj ricevi la aprobon de Doktoro Zamenhof mem. Vivu Esperanto! Vivu Doktoro Zamenhof! Vivu ĉiuj amikoj kiuj komencas disvastigi la internacian lingvon tra la multelingva mondo!

FOOTNOTES:

[37] Board.

[38] Enthusiasts.

THE NEW DICTIONARIES.

With pleasure we announce that both the Esperanto-English and English-Esperanto Dictionaries will be ready by Christmas. Orders are now being booked, and will be executed as soon as possible. Each work is published at 2s. 6d. Send to the Hon. Sec., Esperanto Club, 41, Outer Temple, London, W.C.

SPECIMEN PAGES.

_From_ The Esperanto-English Dictionary.

direkci-_o_, management (manager's office), body of directors.

direkt-_i_, to direct, to instruct; --_o_, the direction (to be followed); --_ad|o_, management of anything; --_il|o_, helm; --_il|ist|o_, pilot, helmsman.

direktor-_o_, director.

direktori-_o_, directory.

disciplin-_o_, discipline.

disertaci-_o_, dissertation.

diskont-_o_, discount; --_i_, to discount.

diskut-_i_, to discuss; --_ebl|a_, debatable, discutable.

dispon-_i_, to dispose (not to arrange).

disput-_i_, to dispute; --_o_, quarrel, altercation.

distil-_i_, to distil; --_ej|o_, distillery; --_il|o_, alambic, still; --_ist|o_, distiller.

disting-_i_, to distinguish; --_iĝ|i_, to distinguish oneself, to become famous; --_iĝ|a_, distinctive.

distr-_i_, to take away the attention; --_o_, the act of taking away the attention; --_aĵ|o_, want of attention; --_ec|o_, state of inattention; --_it|a_, absent-minded.

distrikt-_o_, district.

diven-_i_, to guess.

divers-_a_, diverse, varied.

divizi-_o_, division (milit.).

*do, therefore, consequently, then (argumentative).

dogm-_o_, dogma; --_a_, dogmatic.

doktor-_o_, doctor.

dokument-_o_, document.

dolar-_o_, dollar.

dolĉ-_a_, sweet; --_ig|i_, to sweeten, to assuage.

dolor-_i_, to pain, to ache; --_o_, pain, ache.

dom-_o_, house; --_et|o_, cottage, small house; --_an|o_, one belonging to the house; --_e_, at home; _ir|i --e|n_, to go home.

domaĝ-_o_, pity, (_i.e._ regrettable affair); _est|as --o_, it is a pity.

_From_ The English-Esperanto Dictionary.

_Douche_, duŝo.

_Dough_, knedaĵo.

_Dove_, kolombo.

_Dovecot_, kolombejo.

_Down_, lanugo.

_Downs_, sablaj montetoj.

_Downfall_, falego.

_Dowry_, doto.

_Downwards_, malsupre.

_Doze_, dormeti.

_Dozen_, dekduo.

_Draft_ (bill of exchange), kambio.

_Drag_, treni, tiri.

_Dragon_, drako.

_Dragon fly_, libelo.

_Dragoon_, dragono.

_Drake_, anaso.

_Drama_, dramo.

_Dramatical_, drama.

_Dramatist_, dramaŭtoro.

_Drape_, drapiri.

_Draper_, drapvendisto.

_Drastic_, drastika.

_Draught-board_, dama tabulo.

_Draughts_ (pieces), damoj.

_Draughtsman_, desegnisto.

_Draw_ (water from well), ĉerpi.

_Draw_ (pull), tiri.

_Draw after_ (load, etc.), posttiri.

_Draw_ (near), proksimiĝi.

_Draw_ (lots), loti.

_Draw_ (together), kuntiri.

_Drawer_, tirkesto.

_Drawers_ (garment), kalsono.

_Drawing_ (lots), lotado.

_Dray_, ŝarĝveturilo.

_Dread_, timi, timegi.

_Dread_, teruro, timo.

_Dreadful_, terurega.

_Dream_, sonĝi.

_Dreary_, malgaja.

_Dredge_, skrapi.

_Dredger_, skrapilego.

_Dregs_, feĉo.

_Drench_, akvumi.

_Dress_ (clothe), vesti.

_Dress_ (wound), bandaĝi.

_Dressing case_, necesujo.

_Dress coat_, frako.

_Dressing gown_, negliĝa vesto.

_Dressmaker_, kudristino.

_Dressing room_, tualetejo, vestejo.

_Drill_, bori.

_Drill_ (tool), borilo.

_Drill_ (military), ekzerco.

_Drink_, trinki.

_Drink_ (to excess), drinki.

_Drink_, trinkaĵo.

_Drinkable_, trinkebla.

_Drip_, guteti.

_Drive away_ (expel), forpeli.

_Drive_ (in carriage), veturi.

_Drive back_ (repel), repeli, repuŝi.

_Drivel_, kraĉeti.

_Driver_ (car, etc.), veturisto.

_Droll_, ridinda, ŝerca.

_In order that this Gazette may be useful as a propaganda agent, it has been considered advisable to include in each number a synopsis of the Grammar of Esperanto, so that those hitherto ignorant of its system may be the better able to appreciate the magazine._

SYNOPSIS OF THE GRAMMAR.

The ALPHABET is composed of 28 letters. They are the following:--

A B C Ĉ D E F G Ĝ H Ĥ I J Ĵ K L M N O P R S Ŝ T U V Z and Ŭ.

The VOWELS are always given a long sound; as in the well-known phrase, "Pa, may we go too?" Shorthand students will at once recognise them as the long vowels of "Pitman." Their sound can also be illustrated by--"Bart, Bait, Beat, Boat and Boot."

The following CONSONANTS need special attention. It must be remembered that the sounds given are invariable, because _Esperanto spelling is phonetic and each letter has only one sound_:--

The letter C is sounded as in Czar, or as the "ts" in Bits. " " Ĉ " " Church. " " G " " Gag; _i.e._, the hard sound. " " Ĝ " " George; _i.e._,the soft sound. " " H " " His; _i.e._, it is aspirated and never mute as in French. " " Ĥ " " Loch; _i.e._, the Scotch or German "CH" or Spanish "J." " " J " " the English letter Y. Thus Paroloj is sounded Paroloy. " " Ĵ " " the French J in Bijou or the S in the English word Pleasure. " " S " " in Sun; never as in Rose (Rozo in Esperanto). " " Ŝ " " in She.

* * *

The English letters Q, W, X and Y do not exist in Esperanto.

The letter Ŭ is only found in diphthongs--Baldaŭ is sounded Bahldow.

The one remaining point to be mentioned is that "AJ" is the same as in By. "OJ" as in Boy.

ALL NOUNS end in O in the nominative singular. Birdo, a bird.

When the direct object to a verb, an N is added to this O. Mi havas birdon, I have a bird.

All nouns form the PLURAL by adding J to the singular. Birdoj, birds. If objective, birdojn.

All ADJECTIVES end in A and agree with the noun in number and case. Mi havas belajn birdojn, I have beautiful birds.

* * *

The INFINITIVES of VERBS always end in I. Lerni, to learn. Pensi, to think.

PRESENT INDICATIVES end in AS in all persons singular and plural. Mi iras, I go. Ili iras, they go.

PAST INDICATIVES end in IS in all persons singular and plural. Mi iris, I went. Ni iris, we went.

FUTURE INDICATIVES end in OS in all persons singular and plural. Ŝi iros, she will go.

CONDITIONAL MOOD ends in US in all persons singular and plural. Li irus, he would go.

IMPERATIVE MOOD ends in U. Parolu! speak! Iru! go!

SUBJUNCTIVES are formed by using "KE" and the Imperative. Ke mi iru, that I might go.

The PRESENT PARTICIPLE ACTIVE ends in ANTA--Iranta, going. In the Passive voice in ATA--Farata, being done.

PAST PARTICIPLE ACTIVE ends in INTA--Irinta, having gone. In the Passive voice in ITA--Farita, having been done.

FUTURE PARTICIPLE ACTIVE ends in ONTA--Ironta, about to go. In the Passive voice in OTA--Farota, about to be done.

ADVERBS end in E--Bone, well. Bele, beautifully.

* * *

1. The DEFINITE ARTICLE is invariably LA in all cases singular and plural. La Patroj, the Fathers.

2. There is no indefinite article in Esperanto. Patro, a Father; or merely Father, as the case may be.

3. "NOT" is expressed by "NE." Mi ne havas amikon, I have not a friend.

4. Questions are introduced by "Ĉu." Ĉu mi ne havas amikon? Have I not a friend?

5. ESTI, to be, is the auxiliary verb in Esperanto. Havi, to have, is never an auxiliary.

N.B.--There are no exceptions or irregularities in Esperanto.

The VOCABULARY has been simplified by about 30 affixes, which are used to modify the meanings of root words. The commonest are the following PREFIXES:--

BO indicates relationship by marriage. Bofrato, Brother-in-law.

DIS indicates separation, as in English. Disŝiri, to tear to pieces.

EK indicates the commencement of an action. Eklerni, to begin to learn.

MAL is always used to indicate OPPOSITES. Varma, warm. Malvarma, cool. Amiko, friend. Malamiko, enemy.

RE denotes the repetition of an action. Relerni, to relearn. Rediri, to say again.

The principal SUFFIXES are the following:--

AĴ signifies an object made from--thus, Fruktaĵo, something made from fruit.

AR signifies a collection of. Arbo, a tree. Arbaro, a forest.

EBL signifies possibility. Videble, visibly. Lernebla, learnable.

EC signifies an abstract quality. Boneco, goodness. Beleco, beauty.

EG signifies increase. It is the augmentative suffix. Granda, large. Grandega, immense.

EJ signifies the place where an action takes place. Lernejo, school. Preĝejo, church.

ET is the diminutive suffix. Infaneto, a little child. Varmeta, lukewarm.

IG denotes the causing of an action. Morti, to die. Mortigi, to kill.

IĜ denotes turning or becoming. Paliĝi, to turn pale. Fortiĝi, to become strong.

IL denotes the instrument by which an action is performed. Kudri, to sew. Kudrilo, a needle.

IN denotes the feminine. Patro, father. Patrino, mother. Onklo, uncle. Onklino, aunt.

IST denotes the occupation, or means of livelihood. Botisto, bootmaker. Servisto, manservant.

UL denotes the possession of a Quality or Attribute. Blindulo, a blind man. Danculo, a dancing man.

By means of these affixes, the Vocabulary is enormously simplified.

* * *

All should have "The Student's Complete Text Book," 1s. 3d., post free, and "Twelve Exercises," 1s. 3d., in order to thoroughly learn the system; but the above is serviceable as a rough basis.

For the convenience of Esperantists, all works dealing with the language can now be obtained by writing to the Hon. Sec., ESPERANTO CLUB, 41, Outer Temple, London, W.C.

The books most read are:--

"Student's Complete Textbook," by J. C. O'Connor, B.A., 1s. 8d., post free.

"Twelve Exercises with Key," by A. Motteau, 1s. 3d., post free.

"No. 52," a short Grammar, by the Hon. R. H. Geoghegan. Price 7d., post free. This is a capital preliminary work for giving to friends to arouse their interest. For this purpose we will supply _subscribers_ with 6 copies for 2s. 6d., post free.

Three Tales by Tolstoy and Pushkin, 1s. 1d. the set.

"Hamlet," translated by Dr. Zamenhof, 2s.

Grammar in French or German, 1s. 6d.

Commentaire in French, 2s.

Prose Selections, 2s. 6d. and 1s. 6d.

Complete Stories from back "L'Esperantistes," 2d. each.

"Tourist's Phrase-Book," in 6 languages, 6d.

The following monthly magazines can be obtained. The annual subscriptions are:--

"La Lingvo Internacia," printed wholly in Esperanto, 3s. 6d.

"L'Espérantiste," in French and Esperanto, 4s.

"La Lumo," in French, English, and Esperanto, 2s. 6d.

"La Belga Sonorilo," in French, Flemish, and Esperanto, 2s. 6d.

"La Bohema Esperantisto," in Czech and Esperanto, 3s.

"La Rondiranto," in Bulgarian and Esperanto, 3s.

The new "Internacia Medicina Revuo" will appear every two months. Subscription 6s. 6d. per annum.

The English-Esperanto and Esperanto-English Dictionaries will be ready shortly. Price 2s. 6d. each.

"French-Esperanto Vocabulaire," 2s. 6d.; "Esperanto-French Dictionnaire," 1s. 6d.

"Braille Instruction-Book for the Blind," 4s.

Neat star-shaped Badges, for use when travelling, are kept in stock. Price 9d. each.

End of Project Gutenberg's The Esperantist, Vol. 1, No. 2, by Various