Chapter 2

_epu_, be dark, I2 _itepu_, 196, 29.

Erech, city, 125; 149, 13. Erech _ribitim_, 212, 28; 213, 15; 217, 19:21; 217, 3:6.

eri-azag, holy city, Isin, 141, 8.

_erida_, title, 175, 1.

Eridu, city, 113, 20; 136, 13.

Erishkigal, goddess, 131, 10; 134, 11.

_ersagtugmal_, penitential psalm, 118.

E-sagila, temple, 152.

E-sakudkalamma, temple, 166, 10; 169 n. 4.

_esendili_, a title, 177, 10.

_eskar_, fixed tax, 188, 9.

_es-lal_, a sacred place, 161, 14.

E-temen-anki, temple, 169, 25.

E-turkalamma, temple, 166, 14.

Euphrates, river, 183, 12; 183, 20.

E-zida, temple, 166, 12.

Ezina, grain goddess, 174, 9.

Ezira, reading of the divine name _KA-DI_, 177, 11.

F.

Fara, modern Arabic name for the site of Isin (?), 177 n. 4.

G.

_GAB_, baked bread, 200, 33.

_GAB-LAL_, a cake made with honey, 195, 22; 200, 35.

_GAR-sunnu = episan-sunu_, 198, 13.

_gasan-gula_, title of Nina, 119 n. 2.

_gepar_, dark chamber, 123, 30 f., 148, 10; 161, 18.

Gibil, god, 197, 3.

_gi-gal(gis)_,interlude, 151 n. 1; 182, 33.

_gigunna_, 114, 23.

Gilgamish, king of Erech, 207; 211, 1:115 f. 212, 17:37; 213, 2; 217, 21; 218, 9:20:24:29 and below 2; 219, 10;15:20:26. Derivation of name, 208. See also No. 16 Rev. II 15; 197, 42; 124 f.

_gilsa_, a sacred relic, 132, 22.

Girra, _Irra_, god, 174, 7; 177, 12.

_girru_, lion, 215, 29.

Girsu, city, 181, 23.

Guanna, deity, No. 16 Rev. II 18.

Guedin, province, 129, 28.

Gunura, goddess of healing, 176, 6.

_gupru_, mighty, 214, 33.

Gutium, land, 120 ff.

H.

Hallab, city, 125; 141.

_hanabu_, grow thickly, Prs. _ibannib_, 219, 4.

_hapapu_, embrace, 212, 34.

_hassinu_, axe, 212, 29:31.

_harbatu_, waste place, 200, 39.

Harsagkalamma, temple, 166, 14.

Hubur, mythical river, 197, 42.

_hulu_, a bird, 199, 31.

_huku_, a bird, 199, 31.

I.

Ibi-Sin, king of Ur, 151 n. 2.

_ibsi_, liturgical expression, 120, 5.

Igigi, heaven spirits, 116 n. 6.

_IGI-NAGIN-NA_, 194, 11.

_imib_, weapon, 131, 8. _mi-ib_, ibid. n.3.

_imin_, seven. Seven lands, 130, 35; seventh day, 134, 18.

Immer, god, 177, 8.

Indag, god, consort of Gula, 173, 3.

Innini, goddess, 123. Liturgy to, 184; 123, 29. Consort of Shamash, 148, 4. Other references, 154, 21.

_issur same_, unclean birds, 195 n. 10.

Ishara, goddess, 218, 22.

Isin, city, 122, 15; 176, 4.

Ishme-Dagan, 178 ff. Son of Enlil, 181, 29; 182, 32. Liturgy to, 143.

K.

_KA-DIB-BI, sibit pi_, 194, 10.

_KAK-DIG_, a weapon, 130, 4.

_kakkitu_ (?), weapon. Pl. _kakkiatum_, 218, 16.

_KAK-SIR_, a weapon (?), 130, 4.

_kalama_, the Land, Sumer, 138, 25; 141, 5; 147, 22; 150, 4; 154, 17; 177, 9.

_kanami_=_kalama_, land, 120, 8.

KA-NE, a new ideograph, 153 n. 10.

_kasu_, bind. I2 _liktisu_, 198, 20.

Kenurra, chapel of Ninlil, 114, 22; 123, 20; 160, 4; 166, 18; 166, 8; 169, 24.

Kes, city, 115, 11; 123, 22.

_kesda-azag_, a relic, 132, 27.

_ki_, _kin_ for _gim_ = _kima_, 120, 6.

KI-AG-MAL, _ramu_, 194 n. 4.

Kidurkazal, daughter of Ninkasi, 145.

_ki-malla_, to bend. _tig-zu ki-ma-al-la nu-gi-gi_, "Thy neck wearies not in bending," 168, 2. [Correct the translation.]

_ki-in-gin, ki-en-gin_, Sumer, 115, 24; 134, 19; 189, 17.

_KI-SAR, kakkara tasabbit_, 199, 29.

Kish, city, 129, 30; 166, 12. _e kis-(ki)-su_, so read, No. 5 Obv. 8.

Kullab, city, 149, 14; 173, 1.

_kunin, gunin_, reed basket, 150 n. 3.

_kurgal_, "great mountain," title of Sumer, 114, 11. Of Enlil, 114, 19; 182, 5.

_KURUN-NA_, (_amelu_), 196, 34.

_KUS-KU-MAL_, 194, 11.

L.

_la'atu_, gore. Prt. _iludu_, 219, 12:17.

_labu_, panther, 215, 29:32.

Lagash, city, 181, 23:26.

_Lahama_, goddess of Chaos, 113, 5.

Laws, promulgated by Dungi, 138, 31.

Libit-Ishtar, king, 141.

_libsu_, garment, 214, 27:29; 215, 26.

Ligirsig, a god, 113, 3.

_lilazag_, epithet of a deified king, 141, 1.

Lillaenna, goddess, 192, 5.

_limenu_, be evil. II1 _ulammenu-inni_, 197, 7.

Lugal-dig, god, 197, 5.

_lu'utu_, pollution, 195, 19.

M.

Magan, land, 112, 2:5.

_maialu_, couch, 218, 22.

_malasu_, shear, 195, 20.

Mamit, 200, 41.

_mandatu_, form, 195, 21.

_mal-gar_ (_gi_), a musical instrument, 191, 10.

_mangu_, disease, 195, 19.

Marduk, god, 151.

_markasu_, leader, 150.

_masu_, seize, 195 n. 5.

_masu_, to forget, 216, 7.

Me-azag, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.

_mehru_, fellow, 218, 21.

Mehus, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.

Meluhha, land, 112, 6.

Meslam, temple in Cutha, 167, 15.

_mesu_, a tree, 159, 23.

_muk_, now, but now, 217, 26.

Mulgenna, Saturn, 137, 18.

Mulmul, gods, 142.

N.

_nadu_, water bottle, 198, 17.

_naditu_, temple devotee, 188, 7.

_nagu_, shout. Prs. _inangu_, 215, 19.

_naku_, embrace, 218, 26.

_namastu_, cattle, etc., 213, 12:17; 214, 1; 219, 14.

Namtar, god, 197, 3; 132, 24.

Nangt, goddess, 192, 7.

Nannar, god, 115, 12; 116, 23; 133, 38; 137, 11; 150, 2.

Nergal, god, 131, 6.

Nidaba, goddess, 191.

_ni-gal_, cattle, 121, 6.

_nimir = ligir_, 174, 4.

_ninda_, linear measure, 133, 41.

Ningal, goddess, No. 19, 5; 148, 3; 151, 3.

Ningiszida, god, 133, 34.

Nin-isinna, goddess, 122, 16; 191, 15.

Ninkasi, goddess, 144.

Ninki, goddess, 149, 16.

Ninlil, goddess, 116, 20; 123, 20; 137, 12; 146, 14.

Ninmada, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.

Ninmah, goddess, 116, 22.

Ninmenna, epithet of Damgalnunna, 190, 27.

Ninsun, goddess, 219, 30; 208 n. 6; 129; 131, 16 (?).

Nintudri, goddess, 123, 26. Nintudra, 137, 16. Creatress of man and woman, 192.

Ninul, goddess, 149, 16.

Ninurasa, god, 191, 12; 146, 12.

Ninzuanna, goddess, 122, 13.

Nippur, city, 112, 8; 122, 18:19; 160, 3; 169, 21; 180, 11; 149, 18; 158, 7; 165, 16.

_NI-SUR_ (_amelu_), 196, 35.

Nudimmud, god, 199, 25. No. 20, 10.

_nugiganna_, epithet of Innini, 185, 2.

_nun apsi_, unclean fish, 195 n. 11.

Nunamnirri, god, 190, 28; 146, 13; 180, 10:13:17.

_nun-ur_, epithet of Amurru, 119, 3.

Nusiligga, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.

Nusku, god, 146, 7; 163, 13.

P.

Pabilsag, god. Son and consort of Gula, 173 n. 3; 176, 5. A form of Tammuz.

_pananumma_, formerly, 217, 25.

Panunnaki, goddess, consort of Marduk, 163, 9.

_pataku_, fashion, break, 214, 4.

_paturru_, a weapon, 200, 37.

Pleiades, 142.

R.

_ratatu_, demolish, 219, 19.

Rimat ilatNinsun, 208 n. 6; 219, 29.

Ruskisag, goddess, 132, 28.

_RU-TIG_, an epithet, 141, 2.

S.

_sa-bar; sa-sud-da_, liturgical note, 182, 31.

_sabsis_, cruelly, 215, 30.

Sagilla, temple, 158, 15. E-sagila, 160, 5; 166, 5; 166, 11.

_sahatu_, be astounded, 216, 10. Arabic _sahita_.

_saiahatu_, desire, comfort, 216, 18.

_sakapu_, fell. I2 _issakpu_, 215, 30.

_salutu_, enmity, 199, 27.

Samas, god, 197, 4:8; 198, 10:13; 199, 25:31.

Samas-sum-ukin, king. Incantations for, 193-200; 199, 23.

Samsuiluna, king, 151.

_SAR-DI-DA_, a relic, 133, 37.

Serpent adversary, 183, 21; 148, 12.

Seven, sacred number. Seven gods, 196, 30.

Ship, in legend, 113, 2.

Silsirsir, a chapel.

Sin, god. Hymn to, No. 19.

_sippu_, threshold, 219, 13:18.

_Sippar_, city, 158, 10; 160, 5; 166, 19.

_sirgidda_, long song, 140, 54.

Siris, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.

Siriskas, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.

Siriskasgig, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.

_sirsagga_, first melody, 117, 28; 139, 48.

_SU-AN = kat ili_, 194, 12. See also _SU-d_INNINI, 194, 12.

_SU-NAM-ERIM-MA_, 194, 13.

_SU-NAM-LU-GAL-LU_, 194, 13.

_subura_, earth, 175, 3.

_su-ud, su-ud-am_, epithet of goddess of Suruppak, 177, 10 and note 4.

_suhuru_, hair (?), 215, 23.

_sukkal-zid_, title of Nebo, 163, 10.

Sulpae, god, No. 16 II 22.

Sumer, land, 113, 21; 114, 11; 136, 2.

_sumugan_, title of Girra, 177, 12 and note; 179, 3.

T.

Tablet of fates, 132 n. 3.

Tammuz, ancient ruler, 208. Liturgy to, 191. Other references, 126; 208; 131, 20.

_tapasu_, seize, capture, II2 _uttappis_, 215, 31.

_temeru_, cook, 196, 35.

Tigris, river, 183, 12.

Tummal, land, 190, 9; 191, 10.

U.

_ud_, spirit, word, 150, 1:4; 158, 16; 159, 17:24.

_ul-al-tar_, 191 n. 6.

_ulinnu_, girdle cord, 195, 20.

Ulmas, temple of Anunit, 158, 13; 166, 3.

Ur, city, 134, 21; 137, 6. Lamentation for, 150. Other references, No. 19, 4:7:8:16:28: Rev. 5; 151, 3.

Ur-azag, king of Isin (?), 140 n. 2.

Ur-Engur, king of Ur, 126 ff.

_urinu_, spear (?), 173, 3.

_ursaggal_, epithet for Ninurasa, 165, 11. For Enbilulu, 170, 5.

_usumgal_, 117, 33.

Z.

_zabu_, flow. _li-zu-bu_, 198, 16. Cf. _gam = za'ibu, mitirtu_, words for canal, SAI. 691-3.

_zag-sal_, liturgical note, 103 f. No. 21 end.

_za-am_, 138, 34; 139, 38; 140, 56.

_zenu_, be enraged, II1 _uzinu-inni_, 197, 6.

_ZI-TAR-RU-DA = nikis napisti_, 194 n. 6.

DESCRIPTION OF TABLETS

Number in this volume. 1

Museum number. 7771

Description.

Dark brown unbaked tablet. Three columns. Lower edge slightly broken. Knobs at left upper and left lower corners to facilitate the holding of the tablet. H. 7 inches: W. 6 1/2; T. 1 1/2. Second tablet of the Epic of Gilgamish.

NOTES

[1] Ni. 13981, published by Dr. Poebel in PBS. V, No. 2.

[2] The local Bel of Erech and a bye-form of Enlil, the earth god. Here he is the consort of the mother goddess Ninsun.

[3] Tammuz is probably a real personage, although _Dumu-zi_, his original name, is certainly later than the title _Ab-u_, probably the oldest epithet of this deity, see _Tammuz and Ishtar_, p. 8. _Dumu-zi_ I take to have been originally the name of a prehistoric ruler of Erech, identified with the primitive deity Abu.

[4] See _ibid._, page 40.

[5] Also Meissner's early Babylonian duplicate of Book X has invariably the same writing, see Dhorme, _Choix de Textes Religieux_, 298-303.

[6] Sign whose gunufied form is read _aga_.

[7] The standard text of the Assyrian version is by Professor Paul Haupt, _Das Babylonische Nimrodepos_, Leipzig, 1884.

[8] The name of the mother of Gilgamish has been erroneously read _ri-mat ilat_Nin-lil, or _Rimat-Belit_, see Dhorme 202, 37; 204, 30, etc. But Dr. Poebel, who also copied this text, has shown that _Nin-lil_ is an erroneous reading for _Nin-sun_. For _Ninsun_ as mother of Gilgamish see SBP. 153 n. 19 and R.A., IX 113 III 2. _Ri-mat ilat_Nin-sun should be rendered "The wild cow Ninsun."

[9] The fragments which have been assigned to Book II in the British Museum collections by Haupt, Jensen, Dhorme and others belong to later tablets, probably III or IV.

[10] Rm. 289, latter part of Col. II (part of the Assyrian version) published in HAUPT, _ibid._, 81-4 preserves a defective text of this part of the epic. This tablet has been erroneously assigned to Book IV, but it appears to be Book III.

[11] K. 2589 and duplicate (unnumbered) in Haupt, _ibid._, 16-19.

[12] See also Ward, No. 199.

[13] Here this late text includes both variants _pasaru_ and _zakaru_. The earlier texts have only the one or the other.

[14] For _kakabe_; _b_ becomes _u_ and then is reduced to the breathing.

[15] The variants have _kima kisri_; _ki-[ma]?-rum_ is a possible reading. The standard Assyrian texts regard Enkidu as the subject.

[16] Var. _da-an_

[17] _SAM-KAK_ = _ilu_, net. The variant has _ultaprid ki-is-su-su_, "he shook his murderous weapon." For _kissu_ see ZA. 9,220,4 = CT. 12,14b 36, _gis-kud_ = _ki-is-su_.

[18] Var. _nussu_ for _nus-su_ = _nussa-su_. The previous translations of this passage are erroneous.

[19] This is to my knowledge the first occurence of the infinitive of this verb, _paheru_, not _paharu_.

[20] Text _ma_?

[21] _istanamma_ > _istilamma_.

[22] Cf. Code of Hammurapi IV 52 and Streck in _Babyloniaca_ II 177.

[23] Restored from Tab. I Col. IV 21.

[24] Cf. Dhorme _Choix de Textes Religieux_ 198, 33.

[25] _namastu_ a late form which has followed the analogy of _restu_ in assuming the feminine _t_ as part of the root. The long _u_ is due to analogy with _namassu_ a Sumerian loan-word with nisbe ending.

[26] Room for a small sign only, perhaps _A; maiak_? For _maka_, there, see BEHRENS, LSS. II page 1 and index.

[27] Infinitive "to shepherd"; see also Poebel, PBS. V 106 I, _ri-ia-u_, _ri-te-ia-u_.

[28] The text has clearly _AD-RI_.

[29] Or _azzammim_? The word is probably an adverb; hardly a word for cup, mug (??).

[30] _it_ is uncertain and _ta_ more likely than _us_. One expects _ittabriru_. Cf. _muttabrirru_, CT. 17, 15, 2; _littatabrar_, EBELING, KTA. 69, 4.

[31] For _sapparu_. Text and interpretation uncertain. _uttappis_ II2 from _tapasu_, Hebrew _tapas_, seize.

[32] Text _ta_!

[33] On _ekesu_, drive away, see Zimmern, _Shurpu_, p. 56. Cf. _uk-kis _ Myhrman, PBS. I 14, 17; _uk-ki-si_, King, Cr. App. V 55; etc., etc.

[34] The Hebrew cognate of _masu_, to forget, is _nasa_, Arabic _nasijia_, and occurs here in Babylonian for the first time. See also Brockelman, _Vergleichende Grammatik_ 160 a.

[35] Probably phonetic variant of _edir_. The preterite of _ederu_, to be in misery, has not been found. If this interpretation be correct the preterite _edir_ is established. For the change _r_ > _l_ note also _attalah_ < _attarah_, Harper, _Letters_ 88, 10, _bilku_ < _birku_, RA. 9, 77 II 13; _uttakkalu_ < _uttakkaru_, Ebeling, KTA. 49 IV 10.

[36] Also _na_-'-[ -]_ma_ is possible.

[37] The text cannot be correct since it has no intelligible sign. My reading is uncertain.

[38] Text uncertain, _kal-lu-tim_ is possible.

[39] _KAK-si_.

[40] _KAK-si_.

[41] Literally nostrils. _pitik apunnati-su_, work done in his presence(?). The meaning of the idiom is uncertain.

[42] Text _ZU_!

[43] Text has erroneous form.

[44] Text _PA-it-tam_ clearly!

[45] Omitted by the scribe.

[46] Sic! The plural of _kakku_, _kakkitu_(?).

[47] Cf. _e-pi-sa-an-su-nu libaru_, "May they see their doings," _Maklu_ VII 17.

[48] For _sakin-sum_.

[49] On the verb _naku_ see the Babylonian Book of Proverbs Sec. 27.

[50] The verb _la'atu_, to pierce, devour, forms its preterite _ilut_; see VAB. IV 216, 1. The present tense which occurs here as _ilut_ also.

[51] Note _BUL(tu-ku)_ = _ratatu_ (falsely entered in Meissner, SAI. 7993), and _irattutu_ in Zimmern, _Shurpu_, Index.

[52] "For _ipsah_."

[53] Sic! _hu_ reduced to the breathing _'u_; read _i-ni-'u_.

[54] The tablet is reckoned at forty lines in each column,

[55] Literally "he attained my front."

[56] IV1 of _waladu_.

[57] I.e., in the suburb of Erech.

[58] _pataku_ has apparently the same sense originally as _bataku_, although the one forms its preterite _iptik_, and the other _ibtuk_. Cf. also _mahasu_ break, hammer and construct.

[59] The passage is obscure. Here _suhuru_ is taken as a loan-word from sugur = kimmatu, hair of the head. The infinitive II1 of _saharu_ is philologically possible.

[60] I.e., an ordinary man.

End of Project Gutenberg's The Epic of Gilgamish, by Stephen Langdon