i. 76, 77;

courtesy of, i. 82; pleasant nature of intercourse with, i. 94, 95; impotence of, before Cantonese, i. 97; high-handed manner of, after restoration of Chusan, i. 99; agreement concluded with (1847), i. 103, 107; effects postponement of foreign entry into Canton, i. 107; popular memorial to Sir J. Davis inspired by, i. 110; affability of, to governor of Hongkong, i. 112, 113; supplementary treaty with, i. 113; no redress from, against a Chih-hsien, i. 426.

Korea-- American expeditions to, ii. 178, 179. China, tribute embassies to, ii. 148; reverence for, ii. 259; embassy of condolence from, ii. 404, 405; privileges of, ii. 406. Foreign ferment in, ii. 295. French annexation of, ii. 176, 177. Hong honoured by Court, ii. 301, 302. Japanese, treaty with, ii. 256, 257; brutality of, ii. 259; equality of, with China, ii. 302, 303, 389; aggression of, ii. 406, 407, 409. Jesuit propagandism in, ii. 175. Opening of, by China, ii. 259. Port Hamilton incident, ii. 303, 305. Russian pledge regarding, ii. 424, 425. Söul, _émeute_ in, ii. 294, 296-298.

Kowloon, concession of, acquired by Parkes, i. 286, 330.

Kuldja, Russian claims regarding, ii. 290-293.

Kung, Prince, Lord Elgin's negotiations with, i. 329, 352, 353; signs Peking treaty, i. 354; deceived by Ignatieff, i. 358; member of Tsungli-Yamên, i. 360; Gordon's interviews with, i. 383; implicated in the Lay-Osborn flotilla failure, i. 389, 390; executes _coup d'état_, i. 397, 398; correspondence with British Minister, i. 403-406, 409; high-handed tone of, i. 410; intimate relations with British Legation, ii. 134, 135; efforts against coolie trade, ii. 171, 172; declines responsibility for Korean persecutions, ii. 176; action in Yangchow affair, ii. 202; circular regarding missionaries, ii. 231; Sir T. Wade's remonstrance to, on Chinese official tone, ii. 244; present at audience of foreign Ministers, ii. 261; imperial claims of, ii. 263; enmity between Empress and, ii. 264, 312; action regarding Margary case, ii. 274; dismissed by Empress, ii. 312; efforts regarding Pei-t'ang Cathedral, ii. 342; moderating influence of, ii. 374; vetoes proposed assassination of Li, ii. 387.

Kuper, Rear-Admiral Sir Augustus, attack on Satsuma, ii. 67; operations against Prince of Nagato, ii. 80, 81; appeals to Foreign Office regarding Alcock's recall, ii. 89.

Kwanghsu, Emperor, selected by Empress, ii. 263; comes of age, ii. 318; childlessness of, ii. 456; reform programme adopted by, ii. 458.

Kweiliang, i. 334, 360.

Lane-Poole, Stanley, cited, i. 117, 316.

Lang, Captain, ii. 396, 400, 412.

Lay, H. N., residence of, at Foochow, i. 118 _note_; Inspector-General of Customs, i. 155; negotiates Tientsin treaty, i. 331; Osborn flotilla fiasco, i. 387-391; summary of Chinese affairs (1858-63), i. 409, 410; fidelity to Chinese Government, ii. 160; observation on residence of Ministers, ii. 261; representative of consular training school, ii. 363.

Lay-Osborn flotilla, i. 387-391; Wênsiang and Prince Kung discredited by failure of scheme, ii. 375, 391.

Lekin, likin. _See under_ China--Taxation.

Lhassa, Bengali's friendly visits to, ii. 305; Indian expedition attempted, ii. 306-310; protracted negotiations at, ii. 311, 312.

Li Han-Chang, ii. 272.

Li Hung-Chang, foreigners enlisted by, i. 381, 382; dismisses Burgevine, i. 385, 387; rejects the Lay-Osborn flotilla, i. 391; Gordon's quarrel with, i. 392, 393; memorial of, regarding revision of treaty, ii. 184-190; influence of, in foreign affairs, ii. 190, 264, 313, 314; succeeds Tsêng Kwo-fan and Chunghou, ii. 242; interview with Consul Adkins, ii. 244, 245; negotiates opening of Korea, ii. 259; ascendancy of, in imperial counsels, ii. 264, 329; appointed to treat with Sir T. Wade on Margary murder, ii. 274, 275; negotiates Chefoo Convention, ii. 275-277; Gordon's interviews with, ii. 292; action in Korean _émeute_, ii. 294; Count Ito's negotiations with, ii. 302; arranges voyage of Prince Ch'un, ii. 316; deputed to meet the Czarevitch at Chefoo, ii. 322; Annam negotiations, ii. 325; summons Mr Detring to Tientsin, ii. 328; concludes Fournier Convention, ii. 329; arranges Vatican mission, ii. 345; opposed by Tso Tsung-tang, ii. 379; characteristics and policy of, ii. 381-386; promotes naval and military reform, ii. 382, 391, 396, 397; no anti-foreign outbreaks in province of, ii. 383, 442; responsibilities of, regarding Japanese War, ii. 386, 387; progressive efforts of, ii. 395; opposed to Korean expedition, ii. 408; agrees to Manchurian branch of Siberian railway, ii. 423.

Liao-tung-- Japanese occupation of, ii. 414; cession of, for indemnity, ii. 415. Russian acquisition of, ii. 422, 423.

'Life's Problems,' appreciation of, i. 159.

Likatchoff, Commodore, ii. 112, 114.

Lin, Commissioner, measures of, against opium trade, i. 51-54; demands life-and-death jurisdiction, i. 57; reply of, to Macaese, i. 58; superseded, i. 65; custom-house administration of, i. 435.

Lindsay, W. S., cited, i. 237; quoted, i. 242.

Liuchiu Islands, ii. 256.

Livadia, treaty of, ii. 291.

Lorchas. _See under_ China.

Lowder, Mrs, Alcock's marriage with, ii. 73.

Macao (_see also_ Portuguese)-- British refugees expelled from, i. 58, 272, 293; plenipotentiaries repair to, i. 65. Celebrities of, i. 297, 298. Clerks from, i. 259. Coolie trade at, ii. 169, 174. Custom-house established at, ii. 288. Elliot's retirement to, i. 41. Hongkong contrasted with, i. 287, 294. Peacefulness and salubrity of, i. 287, 288, 292-294. Piracy tolerated at, i. 295, 296. Population of, i. 294, 295. Portuguese occupation of, i. 289-291.

Macaulay, T. B., ii. 307.

MacCunn, James, cited, i. 243 _note_.

Macdonald, Sir Claude, ii. 432.

MacDonnell, Sir Richard, i. 277, 305, 306.

Manchuria-- Chinese troops in, ii. 291. Russian acquisition of coast, ii. 252, 469, 473. Siberian railway to pass through, ii. 423.

Manchus-- Chinese contrasted with, i. 80, 81; complementary to, i. 83, 84. Courtesy of, i. 82, 368, ii. 140, 153. Moderation and humanity of, i. 81. Women, position of, ii. 140, 141.

Margary, Augustus Raymond, ii. 266, 267.

Markham, Sir Clements, appreciation of Alcock, ii. 484.

Mas, M. de, anecdote of, ii. 444 _note_.

Mayers, W. F., ii. 363.

Meadows, Taylor, Alcock compared with, i. 161, ii. 224; distinguished services of, ii. 359; representative of consular training school, ii. 363.

Medhurst, Mr, foreign atrocities reported by, i. 302; map made by, i. 432; action in Yangchow affair, ii. 199-201; reprimanded by Lord Clarendon, ii. 207, 208.

Mikado of Japan, sanction of, necessary to treaties, ii. 39, 63, 85; sanction obtained, ii. 90; Tycoon's relation to, ii. 60-65, 71-73, 76, 85, 92, 93; expulsion of foreigners ordered by, ii. 63; administrative functions assumed by, ii. 92, 255.

Missionaries-- Alcock's views on, ii. 223, 224, 227, 230, 231, 237. American, on Yangtze expedition, i. 370. Charges against, ii. 236. Chinese view of, ii. 177-179. Control of, Chinese scheme for, ii. 246-248. Disunion among the Powers caused by, ii. 237. French enterprise regarding, ii. 175-177, 224, 225, 229-232, 234, 237, 238, 253; their aim a protectorate of Christians, ii. 336-342, 346-352. Hongkong, in, i. 281. "Indiscretions" of, emphasised by their Governments, ii. 243. Irritation and disruption caused by, ii. 203-205, 207, 224, 226-233, 238, 246, 248, 249, 454. Kang Yu-wei inspired by, ii. 458. Korea, in, ii. 175, 177-179. Li's advice regarding, ii. 187; his policy towards, ii. 383, 442. Publications of, ii. 445. Russian Peking establishment, i. 356, ii. 154. Tientsin massacre, ii. 238, 239; French ambassador's note on, ii. 237; results of, ii. 240-244. Tsingpu attack, i. 129.

Mito, Prince of, ii. 35, 38, 40, 41.

Mongol market in Peking, ii. 147, 148.

Montauban, General (Count Palikao), i. 349, 351-353.

Morrison, Robert, i. 297, 298.

Moss, Mr, ii. 123, 124, 128.

Mouravieff-Amurski, Count, at Yedo, ii. 35; warns Japanese against British designs, ii. 111; gives assurances regarding Russian fleet, ii. 426.

Mutsu, Count, anecdote of, ii. 96 _note_.

Nagasaki-- Alcock's arrival at, ii. 14. Coins not used in trade at, ii. 18. Dutch trade at, ii. 10, 11. Legation from Korea conveyed to, ii. 294. Opened for ships' supplies, ii. 4. Welcome to foreigners at, ii. 9.

Nagato, Prince of, hostile action of, ii. 67, 69, 76, 77; operations against, ii. 77-81; Japanese students sent to Europe by, ii. 80; justifies his anti-foreign action, ii. 82; results of his defeat, ii. 86.

Namoa, typical sale of opium at, i. 47, 48.

Nanking-- Capital, proposed as, ii. 474 _note_. Important position of, i. 134. Lay-Osborn flotilla, connection with, i. 391. Robertson's mission to, i. 133, 428. Taipings at, British aid asked against, i. 312; Admiral Hope's dealings with, i. 371, 372. Treaty. _See under_ Treaties.

Napier, Lord, experiences of, in China, i. 38-40; views on Chinese government, ii. 439.

Neale, Lieutenant-Colonel Edward St John, in charge of British Legation at Yedo, ii. 50; attack on British Legation described by, ii. 51, 52; congratulated by Japanese on his escape, ii. 54; action after Richardson murder, ii. 58; negotiations with Japanese, ii. 62-67.

Newchwang, i. 219, 222.

Ningpo-- A'Pak's exploit at, i. 304, 305. Characteristics of, i. 116. Occupation of, by British, i. 76. Opening of, i. 115. Piratical stronghold near, i. 306. Taipings, captured by, i. 376, 377; captured from, i. 380; base of British and French during Chêkiang campaign, i. 394. 'Times' pronouncement against, i. 114.

Oliphant, Laurence, cited, i. 223, 336, 337, 347, ii. 2; quoted, i. 341, ii. 9 _note_, 11 _note_; wounded by Japanese, ii. 36, 37; invalided home, ii. 46.

Opium trade-- Alcock's attitude towards, i. 194-198, 417-419. Cash payments the rule in, i. 43, 171, 192. Chefoo Convention, introduced into, ii. 281, 283; stimulated by, ii. 289. Clippers, i. 193, 215-217. Contraband before 1858, i. 44-48, 192; legalisation of, urged by Alcock, i. 418; effected, i. 199; recognised by Tientsin treaty, i. 332, 341. Elliot's offer to suppress, i. 48, 49; his attitude towards, i. 199. Foochow, at, i. 121. Hostility of Chinese attitude towards, i. 417-419. Importance of, i. 193, 194, 196, 197, 417, 418. Lin's measures against, i. 51-54. Postal communication dependent on, i. 193, 216, 217. Smuggling connected with, i. 44-48. Surrender of opium at Canton, i. 53, 54 _and note_. Transit dues, proposed increase of, ii. 219; duty trebled, ii. 284, 286. Value of, i. 192.

Osborn, Captain Sherard, Yangtze explored by, i. 223, 347; in command of flotilla refused by Chinese, i. 388; cited, ii. 2.

Paget, Sir James, appreciation of Alcock, i. 23, 24.

Palikao, Count, i. 349, 351-353.

Palmerston, Lord, successful Chinese policy of, i. 88, 100, 101, 104, 131; the China dissolution, i. 319; change in foreign policy after death of, ii. 364, 365.

Paris, Alcock's first visit to, i. 2-7; Campbell's mission to, ii. 333.

Parkes, Sir Harry, interpreter to Alcock, i. 117; appreciation of Alcock, i. 120, 121; accompanies Alcock to Shanghai, i. 126; despatched with Robertson to Nanking, i. 133; compiles returns of sea-borne trade at Foochow, i. 209; obtains Kowloon concession, i. 286, 330; action regarding the Arrow incident, i. 309; remonstrates with Yeh, i. 314; Lord Elgin's appreciation of, i. 326 _note_; commissioner at Canton, i. 328, 330; successful administration there, i. 397; deplores Lord Elgin's hurried departure from Tientsin, i. 335; reward offered for head of, i. 342; seized and imprisoned by Chinese, i. 352; released, i. 354; visits Peking, i. 365; attached by Lord Elgin to Admiral Hope, i. 370; describes abandonment of Hankow, i. 374; attack on, in Japan, ii. 90; succeeds Alcock in Japan, ii. 130; views on Chinese action regarding Formosa and Japan, ii. 255; negotiates treaty regarding Korea, ii. 297; death of, ii. 302; representative of consular training school, ii. 363.

Pechili Gulf, cruise in, i. 220-223; defences suggested for, ii. 381; fortifications of ports in, ii. 397.

Peiho river, demonstration off mouth of (1840), i. 64; defences of (1860), 350. _See also_ Taku forts.

Peking-- Blockade of, a means of coercing Government, i. 416, 428-431. British Legation. _See under_ Great Britain. Campaign of 1860, i. 349-354. _Chose jugée_, case of, ii. 280. Convention signed at (1886), ii. 310. Disadvantages of, as site for capital, ii. 474 _and note_. Distant view of, ii. 143. Elgin's error in omitting to visit, i. 334-337 _and note_. Fur market, ii. 149. German Legation established in, ii. 254. Health of, ii. 144 _note_. Hostility of natives in, i. 364. Inaccessibility of, ii. 142. Innovations after 1884, ii. 315. Insanitary condition of, ii. 144, 145. Lama temple, ii. 145, 146. Legations, diplomatic difficulties of, i. 398-401; relieved by military force (1900), ii. 437. Macaulay's mission to, ii. 307, 308. Maritime Customs Inspector established in, ii. 156. Mules and camels, ii. 147. Pei-t'ang Cathedral, erection of, ii. 341; transfer of, ii. 346, 347. Prohibitions against English visitors, i. 363. Residence of British representative at, suggested in merchants' memorial (1839), i. 89; residence included in Tientsin treaty, i. 332, 336; right of residence suspended, i. 337, 346. Russian mission in, i. 356, ii. 154. Sarat Chandra Das, visit of, ii. 308-310. Social Life in, ii. 138-142. Street traffic in, ii. 149-153. Summer retreat from, ii. 154, 155. Temple of Heaven, ii. 146. Treaty signed at (1860), i. 354.

Pin Ch'un, ii. 137, 186.

Piracy-- Alcock's views on, i. 208. British action against, i. 299, 301, 305-307. Chinese attitude towards, i. 299-301. Foreigners engaged in, in China, i. 302; foreigners subjected to, i. 306, 307. Hongkong headquarters of, i. 302, 305. Portuguese leniency to, i. 295, 296; their earlier assistance against, i. 289, 290. Prevalence of, i. 194, 209, 218. Steam traffic a blow to, i. 307. Taiping Rebellion complicated by, i. 275.

Popoff, M., i. 357, 395.

Port Arthur-- British evacuation of, ii. 426. Ch'un, Prince, meets British Admiral at, ii. 317. Fortifications of, ii. 397. French abstain from attacking, ii. 332; French syndicate entrusted with construction works at, ii. 335. Russian acquisition of, ii. 424-427.

Portugal, Alcock's work as army surgeon in, i. 14-18; on Anglo-Portuguese Commission regarding claims of British auxiliaries, i. 25.

Portuguese (_see also_ Macao)-- Chinese cupidity conciliated by, i. 287. Convoy trade carried on by, i. 304, 305. Ming dynasty supported by, i. 291. Obligations to Great Britain disregarded by, i. 58 and _note_.

Pottinger, Sir Henry, i. 74, 112-114.

Powers, Western-- Anarchy among, ii. 472, 473. Audience granted to, by Emperor Tungchih, ii. 261; by Kwanghsu, ii. 318-320. British covertly attacked by, to Japanese government, ii. 107-110. Chefoo Convention, feeling regarding, ii. 276, 277, 281. Classification of, ii. 465. Danger to be apprehended from, i. 163, 420. "Dummy" Chinaman evolved by, i. 338, 339, ii. 472. Korea, inaction regarding, ii. 411. Missionary problem, unity not possible regarding, ii. 237. Rivalry of, i. 262, ii. 447, 451, 475. Spoliation of China by, ii. 417, 418, 447, 452. Taiping Rebellion, attitude towards, i. 394.

"Progress," no Chinese equivalent for, ii. 136.

Protêt, Admiral, i. 377, 379.

Queen Victoria Jubilee Institute for Nurses, Alcock's work for, ii. 482, 483.

Real estate, value of, in the Far East, i. 176, 177, 434.

Rennie, Dr, quoted, i. 362-366, ii. 146.

Rhubarb, Chinese export of, i. 168.

Richardson, Mr, murder of, ii. 38, 56, 57; redress for, ii. 65, 66.

Robertson, Vice-Consul, i. 133, 428, ii. 210.

Royal Geographical Society, Alcock's work for, ii. 483, 484.

Roze, Admiral, ii. 177.

"Rudeness," Japanese term for, ii. 34 _note_.

Russell, Earl, approves Alcock's measures, ii. 45, 86; negotiates with Japanese envoys, ii. 49; advocates firm policy in Japan, ii. 59, 76; recalls Alcock, ii. 87, 88; desires Alcock's return to Japan, ii. 89.

Russia, Russians (_see also_ Powers)-- Absorbent policy of, ii. 469, 470, 473, 474. Akbar despatches incident, i. 233. Amur, acquisitions on the, ii. 252, 429. Ascendancy of, in China, ii. 422, 434, 473, 475. British friction with, ii. 321. Czarevitch visits China, ii. 321-323. Elgin followed to Tientsin by, i. 331. French in concert with, ii. 415; their acquisitions approved by, ii. 419. Japan--squadron at Yedo, ii. 35; represented by M. Goskavitch, ii. 104; Tsushima affair, ii. 111-114. Japanese War deprecated by, ii. 411; Japanese claims modified by, ii. 415. Kuldja incident, ii. 290-293. Li protected by, ii. 387, 415. Liao-tung acquired by, ii. 422, 423. Livadia, treaty of, ii. 291. Loan to China guaranteed by, ii. 421. Manchurian coast acquired by, ii. 252, 469. Military ethics of, ii. 470, 471. Peking, establishment in, i. 356, ii. 154. Port Hamilton incident, ii. 303-305. Protectorate of Christians assumed by, ii. 349, 350. Respect accorded to, by Chinese, i. 357; by Japanese, i. 357, ii. 104. Siberian railway, beginning of, ii. 323; Manchurian branch of, ii. 423. Taiping Rebellion, attitude towards, i. 394, 395. Talien-wan seized by, ii. 427; 'Times' extract on the proceeding, ii. 428-432. Tea supply of, i. 186. Tientsin massacre, ii. 239, 241. Toleration clause in treaty of, ii. 224. Vladivostock, acquisition of, i. 358; Czarevitch's visit to, ii. 323.

Salisbury, Lord, additional article to the Chefoo Convention signed by,