i. 204-206;

his investigations prior to revision of treaty, ii. 181. Aptitude of Chinese for, i. 33, 34, 263-270, ii. 28. Arbitrary interference of Chinese Government with, i. 35. Balance of trade against China, i. 42, 171. British treaty the model for others, ii. 6. Chefoo Convention, internal taxation area increased by, ii. 277, 278, 280, 281. Chinese language essential to commercial agents, i. 253. Code of law, establishment of, suggested, ii. 279. Co-hong system, i. 40 _note_, 266. Compradoric system, i. 266, 267. Confidence between Chinese and foreigners, i. 48. Drawbacks to, i. 169, 170. Imports and exports, nature of, i. 168; present value of, i. 171 _note_; shipments from United Kingdom in various years, i. 203. Intercourse of British and Americans with China caused by, i. 167. Losses in early days, i. 172-175. Merchants in Britain, Chinese affairs closely followed by (1839-40), i. 87-89; merchants in China, aims and work of, i. 248-253; complaints of, i. 253, 254, ii. 119; influence of, i. 254, 315; characteristics of, i. 255-263; representations of, to Lord Elgin, i. 322. "Merchants' War," i. 316 _seq._ Mixed Commission regarding redress of grievances, ii. 211, 212. Native trade, i. 207-210. Peking, in, ii. 148, 149. Pioneer expeditions (1859), i. 220. Ports overcrowded with goods, i. 224; number open in 1861, i. 402. Precarious position of, i. 35, 412, 413, 419. Real estate a valuable asset, i. 176, 177. Shipments from United Kingdom in various years, values of, i. 203. Simplicity of, i. 168. Transit of goods, ii. 214-216, 218-220. Value of, in 1839, i. 87. War no bar to, i. 68, 69, 148, ii. 158. Gold discoveries a stimulus to, i. 227. Japan, in-- Development of, ii. 116-118. Merchants, preference of, for Yokohama to Kanagawa, ii. 17, 18, 123; regret of, at Alcock's recall, ii. 89; interests of, at variance with diplomatic, ii. 119-124, 126. Methods of, ii. 27, 28. Profits of, in early days, ii. 20 _note_, 29. Value of, annually, ii. 117 _note_. Opium, Silk, Tea. _See those titles._ Straits, with, suggested by Alcock, i. 208.

Comprador, position of, i. 266, 267.

Confucianism, i. 229.

Consular Court system, drawbacks of, ii. 125, 126, 354, 356, 357.

Cooke, Wingrove, quoted, i. 252, 253, 300, 303-305, 339; cited, i. 317, 322, 323 _and note_, 325.

Coolie trade, i. 295, ii. 168-174.

Cooper, W. M., on coolie trade, ii. 170.

Cowell, George, appreciation of Alcock, ii. 479, 480.

Curzon, the Hon. George, speech regarding Russian pledge concerning Korea, ii. 424, 430.

Czarevitch, visit of, to China and Japan, ii. 321-323.

Daimios. _See under_ Japan.

Davis, Sir John, Manchus and Chinese contrasted by, i. 80, 81; policy of, in Canton, i. 94, 99-104, 106-108; diplomatic negotiations with the populace, i. 109-111; succeeds Sir H. Pottinger, i. 116; policy regarding Foochow, i. 119; Canton merchants' complaints against, ii. 119; decision of, reversed by Supreme Court, ii. 124.

De Mas, M., anecdote of, ii. 444 _note_.

De Quincey cited, i. 133 _note_.

Delamarre, M., ii. 230 _note_.

Delaplace, Mgr., ii. 341, 342, 394.

Detring, G., accompanies Prince Ch'un on his voyage, ii. 317; relations with Capt. Fournier, ii. 327; summoned to Tientsin, ii. 328; assists Li regarding Mr Dunn's mission, ii. 345.

Dunn, J. G., ii. 344-346.

Dupont, M., Alcock's studies under, i. 5.

Dutch-- Japanese instructed by, ii. 98. Macao, commercial establishment at, i. 291. Nagasaki, ii. 10, 11. Portuguese commercial rivalry with, i. 291. Promptness of, as paymasters, i. 11.

East India Company-- Commercial methods of, i. 175. Employees pampered by, i. 211-214, 260. Macao, commercial establishment at, i. 291. Officials of, employed in Chinese consular posts, i. 38, 80. Opium trade of, i. 198, 199. Shipping of, i. 211-215. Subservience of, towards Chinese, i. 37, 38, 88, 253. Tea trade developed by, i. 182, 183.

Eitel, Dr, cited, i. 63, 199 _note_, 273, 301.

Elgin, Earl of, cruise in the Furious, i. 223; contrasts Hongkong and Chusan, i. 273; on Tientsin conference (1854), i. 311; conduct of Hongkong affairs, i. 320-329; aversion to his Chinese mission, i. 320, 323-327; services in Indian Mutiny, i. 321; concludes Tientsin treaty, i. 331, 334; hurried departure from Tientsin, i. 333, 335, 336; visit to Japan, i. 335, 336; diplomatic success there, i. 347, ii. 1, 5, 6, 99; defends his China policy in House of Lords, i. 337; predisposed to illusions regarding Chinese, i. 339; misgivings as to Chinese good faith, i. 340, 347; return to Shanghai, i. 343, 347; negotiates with Treaty Commissioners at Shanghai, i. 343, 344; estimate of, i. 346-348; voyage up the Yangtze (1558), i. 347, 370; second mission to China, i. 349; negotiations with Prince Kung, i. 329, 352, 353; succeeded by his brother, i. 355.

Elliot, Captain Charles, subservience of, to Chinese, i. 40, 41, 54; offers to suppress opium trade, i. 48, 49; surrenders opium cargoes, i. 53, 54; imprisoned in Canton, i. 53, 55; appointed joint-plenipotentiary with Rear-Admiral Elliot, i. 64; left in sole charge, i. 65-71; recalled, i. 74; confidence of, in Chinese, i. 66, 69, 70; contradictory nature of his commission, i. 92 _note_; strictures on opium trade, i. 199.

Elliot, Rear-Admiral the Hon. George, i. 63-65.

Empress--Dowager of China, Prince Ch'un the coadjutor of, ii. 264, 313; _coup d'état_ executed by, ii. 264, 313, 455; enmity with Prince Kung, ii. 264, 312; attitude towards Li, ii. 264, 329, 387; view of Tongking affair, ii. 329, 334; characteristics of, ii. 373; power of, ii. 455 _and note_; reformers punished by, ii. 458.

Eulenberg, Count, i. 366, ii. 40.

Evans, General de Lacy, appreciation of Alcock, i. 14; Alcock under, in Spanish Legion, i. 21.

"Ever--Victorious Army," campaign of, i. 382-387; disbandment of, i. 393.

Exhibition of 1851, Alcock's collection of exhibits for, i. 200-202,