ii. 164-166;

attitude of, towards China trade, ii. 365, 366.

Brodie, Sir Benjamin, i. 25.

Brown, J. McLeavy, ii. 194.

Brown, Major-General, i. 385, 386, 392.

Browne, Colonel Horace, ii. 266, 267.

Bruce, the Hon. Frederick--Tientsin treaty brought home by, i. 335; repulsed at Taku forts, i. 348; British minister at Peking, i. 355; prohibits Englishmen from visiting Peking, i. 363; adopts determined attitude, i. 367; refuses to defend Ningpo, i. 377; Gordon's interview with, i. 383; supports Burgevine's cause, i. 384, 385; implicated in the Lay-Osborn flotilla failure, i. 389, 390; applauds Gordon's resentment against Li, i. 392; policy and diplomacy, i. 401-404, 407; correspondence with Prince Kung, i. 404-406, 409; confuses legal authority of himself and Supreme Court, ii. 124, 125; succeeded by Alcock, ii. 130; anecdote of his housekeeper, ii. 152; relations with Inspector-General of Customs in Peking, ii. 156, 159, 160.

Burgevine, General, i. 382, 384-387.

Burlingame, the Hon. Anson, mission of, as Chinese envoy, ii. 192-198; Alcock's approval of the mission, ii. 194, 195; Alcock's subsequent view, ii. 217; British Government influenced by mission, ii. 208, 209; negotiates American treaty giving full privileges to Chinese immigrants, ii. 174; asserts Chinese welcome to missionaries, ii. 232.

Burma-- Browne, Colonel H., expedition under, ii. 266, 267. King of, ii. 269.

Campbell, Duncan, ii. 333.

Canton-- Alcock promoted to consulate of, i. 156. Arrogant hostility and excesses of population, i. 72, 92, 95-99, 107, 274, 415, 419. Arrow incident, i. 309, 323, 324. Blockade of river (1839), i. 61, 63. Commerce carried on during hostilities, i. 68, 69, ii. 158. Conditions of life in, in early days, i. 33, 34, 46. D'Aguilar's destruction of river defences, i. 102, 103. Davies, Sir John, policy of, i. 94, 99-104, 106-108. Entry, right of, refused, i. 98, 107, 114, 160, 165, 310, 333, 338. Factories attacked (1846), i. 99; burned (1856), i. 317. Foochow sensitive to disturbances in, i. 119, 314. French attack feared, ii. 326-328. Merchants in, imprisoned, i. 53, 55; views of, disparaged, i. 254; characteristics of, i. 255; influence of, i. 315; friction between Sir J. Davis and, ii. 119. "Merchants' War," i. 316 _seq._ Naval construction attempted at, ii. 396. Occupation of, by Allied troops, i. 328, 342-345; Kowloon concession obtained during occupation, i. 286; evacuated by Allies, i. 396. Portuguese relief of, in sixteenth century, i. 259; Portuguese crews slaughtered by Cantonese, i. 304, 305. Revolutionary conspiracies in neighbourhood of, ii. 456. Shameen site acquired, i. 330. Smuggling insignificant at, i. 144, 145. Taipings at, i. 312. War of 1839-42--blockade of river, i. 63; destruction of Bogue forts and junks, i. 66; forts restored, i. 67; recaptured, i. 68; fire-raft attempts, i. 71; British attack stopped by Elliot, i. 71; ransom taken for the city, i. 72, 91; departure of British troops, i. 72; evil effects of ransoming, i. 108. War of 1857 ("The Merchants' War"), i. 316 _seq._ Weddell's bombardment of (1655), i. 292.

'Capital of the Tycoon, The,' passages quoted from, ii. 10, 15, 31, 32, 71-73; independent judiciary advocated in, ii. 126.

Ceylon, growth of tea trade with, i. 184, 185.

Challenger, i. 235-238.

Chamberlain, Basil Hall, quoted, ii. 96 _note_.

Chang Chih-tung, rudeness of, regarding the Czarevitch, ii. 322, 323; characteristics and policy of, ii. 380, 381.

Chang Yi, ii. 317.

Chantrey, Sir F. L., Alcock's studies under, i. 2.

Chefoo-- Convention of. _See under_ Treaties. Czarevitch to be received at, ii. 322. Early exploration of, i. 221, 222.

Chêkiang, Taiping campaign in, i. 380, 394.

Chesney, Colonel, i. 99, 100.

China (_for particular persons, towns, &c., see their titles_)-- Admiralty board, ii. 317, 318, 392, 393. Army-- Abuses in, ii. 398. Arms, diversity of, ii. 391, 393, 399. Discipline lax, i. 137. Honour, military, non-existent in, i. 140. Li's efforts for, ii. 188, 190, 391, 397. Black Flags, ii. 325. Boxers, ii. 462, 463. _Chose jugée_, instance of, ii. 280. Commerce. _See that title._ Commercial community in Britain keenly alive to affairs in, i. 87. Consuls. _See below under_ Foreigners. Coolie trade, i. 295, ii. 168-174. Corruption and laxity inherent in government of, i. 155, 192. Court-- Audience, right of, approved by Li, ii. 186; granted by Emperor Tungchih (1873), ii. 260, 261; by Kwanghsu (1891), ii. 318-320. Chinese, not Manchu, influence predominant at, i. 84. Dynastic arrangements of the Empress-Dowager, ii. 264, 313, 455 _and note_, 456. Flight of, i. 354, ii. 436; proposed removal during Japanese War, ii. 474 _note_. Custom-house. _See below under_ Taxation. Decentralisation the principle of government, i. 388, 402, 407, 408. Drift, policy of, ii. 324. Emigration, ii. 168, 169, 171-174. "Ever Victorious Army," campaign of, i. 382-387; disbandment of, i. 393. Exhibition of 1851, represented at, i. 200-202, ii. 101, 102. Foreigners-- Aims of, i. 368. Assistance from, distrusted, i. 387; made use of, ii. 385, 386; faithfully rendered, ii. 393, 394. Co nciliatory and subservient attitude of British, i. 35-41, 56, 118, 253, 415; of Portuguese, i. 287. Confidence between native merchants and, i. 48. Consistent attitude of, desirable, i. 340, ii. 222. Consular Courts, drawbacks of, ii. 125, 126, 354, 356, 357. Consular officials, peculiar responsibilities of, i. 30, 79, 85, 92 _note_, 128, 130, ii. 353, 354, 360; numbers and qualifications of, ii. 358, 359. Degradation and indignities imposed upon, i. 33, 35-40, 55-58, 60, 118, 163, 411, 415. Force, policy of, the condition of security for, i. 39, 40, 61, 80, 90, 106, 119, 426, 437-439, ii. 221, 222. Hatred and contempt for, i. 313, 419, ii. 29, 440, 441, 443-446, 461, 463, 464. Ignorance of Chinese prevalent among, i. 338, 339, 361, 362, 398. Immunity for wrongs against, i. 436, 440, 441. Inland residence, Alcock's view of, ii. 450, 451. Legation, British. _See_ Great Britain--Peking. Legations, diplomatic difficulties of, i. 398-401; relieved by military force, ii. 437. Life-and-death jurisdiction over, claimed by government, i. 57. Negotiation with, Chinese view of, ii. 274 _note_, 437. Pioneers, general character of, i. 31-33. Policy adopted towards--"rule by misrule," i. 35, 403; perfidy and denial of human rights, i. 36, 78-80, 84, 85, 90, 342; resistance and ejection, 38, 111, 311, 331, 366, 367, ii. 437; degradation in the eyes of the people, i. 163, 411; "refractory subjects" treatment, i. 313. Proclamations and placards against, i. 56, 58, 65, 70, 96, 314, 317, 342, 360, 435, ii. 236, 242. Supreme Court for China and Japan, ii. 355-358. Fortifications, ii. 397. Futai, position of, i. 381. Helplessness and paradoxical position of, ii. 418, 421, 422, 433, 452. Hong merchants, i. 40 _note_. Hoppo, position of, i. 44, 45. Illegality of administration in, i. 43. International ethics of, i. 86. Japanese War (1894), Li's responsibilities regarding, ii. 386, 387; no reasonable cause for, ii. 410; deprecated by Russia, ii. 411; sinking of the Kowshing, ii. 410, 411; bombardment of Têngchow, i. 220; China's defeat, ii. 411-413; universal applause, ii. 413, 414; indemnity exacted, ii. 415; indemnity supplied by Russian loan, ii. 421; results of the war, ii. 447; proposed removal of Chinese Court during, ii. 474 _note_. Junks-- Build and appearance of, i. 246, 247. Chinese authorities' control of, i. 113, 275, 308. Coasting trade conducted by, in China and Japan, i. 246. Convoy system, i. 302-304. Grain fleet blockaded at Shanghai (1845), i. 131-133; blockaded by French in Tongking quarrel, ii. 332. "Shantung junks," i. 220. Value of trade by, at Foochow, i. 209. Korea, relations with. _See_ Korea. Lorchas, tonnage of, i. 247; atrocities connected with, i. 304, 305; colonial registers granted to, i. 305, 309. Maritime Customs. _See below under_ Taxation--Custom-house. Missionaries. _See that title._ Moral force the sanction of rule, ii. 370 _and note_, 385. Navy-- Beginnings of, ii. 396. Board of Admiralty, ii. 317, 318, 392, 393. British instruction in, ii. 395. Li's efforts for, ii. 391, 396. Nepotism in, ii. 398-400. Organisation lacking in, ii. 401, 412, 413. Peiyang Squadron, ii. 395, 400. Tradition, unhampered by, ii. 398. Nepotism in, ii. 398-400. Opium trade. _See that title._ Passports, two forms of, ii. 267. Piracy. _See that title._ Populace, excesses of, connived at by Government, i. 95, 97, 98, 364; coerced by Government, i. 108, 109; feared by Government, i. 109, 424; direct diplomatic negotiations with, i. 109-111. "Progress," no word for, ii. 136. Provincial officials, smuggling undertaken by, i. 44, 45; power of, ii. 184, 372; responsibility of, ii. 441, 442. Punishments, difficulties of ensuring, i. 426, 427; not inflicted for wrongs against foreigners, i. 436, 440, 441. Real estate, importance of, i. 176, 177, 434; missionary problem complicated by question of, ii. 234, 235. Rhubarb exported from, i. 168. Salt trade, i. 210, 439-442, ii. 188. Smuggling. _See that title._ Supreme Court, award given against Alcock by, ii. 124; independence of, ii. 354; removal of, to Shanghai, ii. 355; subordinated to British legation, ii. 358. Taiping Rebellion-- Burgevine's defection to rebels, i. 386. Canton, at, Yeh asks British aid against, i. 312. Chêkiang campaign against, i. 380, 394. Commerce continued during, i. 148. Devastation caused by, i. 375, 377, 378, 350, 381, 394, ii. 449. End of, i. 394. Foreign desperadoes attacked by, i. 303. Imperial measures against, i. 381; view of, i. 395, 396. Magnitude of, i. 135. Maritime Customs the important outcome of, i. 142. Nanking, capture of, i. 136. Ningpo, capture of, i. 376, 377. Russian attitude towards, i. 394, 395. Shanghai captured, i. 136; besieged by Imperial troops, i. 137; collision between foreigners and troops, i. 137, 138; French bombardment of city, i. 139; rebel refugees in, i. 141, 142; departure of rebels from, i. 156. Yangtze, rebel strongholds and operations on the, i. 369, 371-375. Taotai, status of, i. 129. Taxation-- Custom-house-- Chefoo Convention provisions of, ii. 277, 278, 280, 281, 286, 287. Hongkong, station at, desired by Chinese, i. 276; refused, ii. 216; established, i. 276, ii. 288. Korea, established in, ii. 295. Macao, established at, ii. 288. Maritime Customs Inspector, position and work of, in Peking, ii. 156-160, 162-167. Revision of treaty made an affair of, ii. 213, 216, 217. Shanghai, at, unsatisfactory conditions of, i. 145-147, 435, 436; customs collected by consuls, i. 148; promissory notes cancelled by British Government, i. 148, 155; American exemption, i. 149; re-establishment of custom-house, i. 151; period of free trade, i. 152; Alcock's scheme of mixed control, i. 152-154. Inland, proposed commutation of, ii. 214-216, 218; commutation provided by treaty (1869), ii. 219, 220; area of, increased by Chefoo Convention, ii. 277, 278, 280, 281. Likin taxes, German minister's view of, ii. 218; nature of, ii. 280 _note_; grievance of, ii. 285. Native trade, on, i. 210. Tributaries, position towards, ii. 258. Tsungli-Yamên-- Audience difficulties raised by, ii. 319, 320. Ch'ing, Prince, a member of, ii. 154, 313. Circular addressed to Provincial Governors by, ii. 182, 183. Creation of, i. 360. Etiquette, codification of, suggested for, ii. 279. Formosa riots, action regarding, ii. 205. Function of, i. 399. Gordon's representations to, ii. 292. Helplessness of, ii. 419. Ito's attempt to negotiate with, ii. 302. Korean expedition urged by, ii. 408. Kung, Prince, a member of, i. 360; dismissed by Empress, ii. 312. Margary murder, action regarding, ii. 267. Maritime Customs Inspector, attitude towards, ii. 160. Mixed commission regarding redress of commercial grievances, represented on, ii. 211. Yangchow affair, action in, ii. 202. War with Great Britain (1839-1842). _See under_ Canton; with Great Britain (1857), i. 316 _seq._; with Great Britain and France (1860), i. 349-354; with Japan (1894). _See above_ Japanese War; Women, position of, ii. 140, 141.

Chinese-- Appearances valued by, i. 192. Commercial aptitude and honesty of, i. 33, 34, 263-270, ii. 28. Industry of, i. 284. Japanese contrasted with, ii. 8, 27-29, 130, 131, 259. Kindliness of, i. 289, ii. 155. Manchus contrasted with, i. 80, 81, 83, 84. Toleration of, ii. 228, 233. War customs of, i. 352.

Ch'ing, Prince, anecdote of, ii. 153, 154; efficiency of, as president of Tsungli-Yamên, ii. 313.

Chinnery, George, i. 298.

Choshiu. _See_ Nagato, Prince of.

Christianity (_see also_ Missionaries), toleration clause for, in Tientsin treaty, i. 332; Chinese view of, ii. 349.

Ch'un, Prince, son of, adopted as Emperor by Empress-mother, ii. 262; made Empress's coadjutor, ii. 264, 313; voyage of, ii. 316, 317; illness and death of, ii. 318; memorial regarding Vatican mission submitted to, ii. 344.

Chunghou, Tientsin massacre foreseen by, ii. 239; mission to France, ii. 241; to Russia, ii. 291; establishes arsenal at Tientsin, ii. 392.

Chungking, residence in, opposed, ii. 278; persecutions of Christians in, ii. 351.

Chusan, capture and occupation of, i. 64; reoccupied, i. 75; retained till 1846, i. 91; restored, i. 99; contrasted with Hongkong, i. 273.

Clarendon, Lord, Mr Burlingame's success with, ii. 197, 198, 208, 209; reprimands Mr Medhurst, ii. 207, 208; trusted by Lord Palmerston, ii. 365.

Cochin China, French conquests in, ii. 253, 324.

Commerce-- China, in-- Alcock's despatch on trade between Europe, India, and China,