VOLUME II

NEW YORK DOVER PUBLICATIONS, INC.

This Dover edition, first published in 1965, is an unabridged and unaltered republication of the work originally published by Houghton, Mifflin and Company, as follows:

Vol. I--Part I, 1882; Part II, 1884 Vol. II--Part III, 1885; Part IV, 1886 Vol. III--Part V, 1888; Part VI, 1889 Vol. IV-Part VII, 1890; Part VIII, 1892 Vol. V--Part IX, 1894; Part X, 1898.

This edition also contains as an appendix to Part X an essay by Walter Morris Hart entitled "Professor Child and the Ballad," reprinted _in toto_ from Vol. XXI, No. 4, 1906 [New Series Vol. XIV, No. 4] of the _Publications of the Modern Language Association of America_.

_Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 65-24347_

Manufactured in the United States of America

Dover Publications, Inc. 180 Varick Street New York, N.Y. 10014

ADVERTISEMENT TO PART IV

NUMBERS 83-113

Upon concluding this Fourth Part, I have to express warm thanks to Mr JAMES BARCLAY MURDOCH for a punctilious recollation of MOTHERWELL'S manuscript, and to Mr MALCOLM COLQUHOUN THOMSON for again granting the use of the volume. Miss MARY FRASER TYTLER, to remove a doubt about a few readings, has generously taken the trouble to make a fac-simile copy of ALEXANDER FRASER TYTLER'S BROWN manuscript. Mr MACMATH, whose accuracy is not surpassed by photographic reproduction, has done me favors of a like kind, and of many kinds. Rev. Professor SKEAT, with all his engagements, has been prompt to render his peculiarly valuable help at the libraries of Cambridge; and Mr F. H. STODDARD, late of Oxford, now of the University of California, has allowed me to call upon him freely for copies and collations at the Bodleian Library. The notes which Dr REINHOLD KÖHLER, Professor FELIX LIEBRICHT, Professor C. R. LANMAN, and Mr GEORGE LYMAN KITTREDGE have contributed, in the way of Additions and Corrections, will speak for themselves. Miss ISABEL FLORENCE HAPGOOD, translator of the Epic Songs of Russia, has given me much assistance in Slavic popular poetry, and Lieutenant-Colonel W. F. PRIDEAUX, of Calcutta, Mr FRANK KIDSON, of Leeds, and Mr P. Z. ROUND, of London, have made obliging communications as to English ballads.

F. J. C.

NOVEMBER, 1886.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME II

BALLAD PAGE

54. THE CHERRY-TREE CAROL 1 (Additions and Corrections: II, 509; V, 220.)

55. THE CARNAL AND THE CRANE 7 (Additions and Corrections: II, 509; III, 507; IV, 462; V, 220.)

56. DIVES AND LAZARUS 10 (Additions and Corrections: II, 510; III, 507; IV, 462; V, 220, 292.)

57. BROWN ROBYN'S CONFESSION 13 (Additions and Corrections: II, 510; III, 508; IV, 462; V, 220, 292.)

58. SIR PATRICK SPENS 17 (Additions and Corrections: II, 510; V, 220.)

59. SIR ALDINGAR 33 (Additions and Corrections: II, 510; III, 508; IV, 463; V, 292.)

60. KING ESTMERE 49 (Additions and Corrections: II, 510; III, 508; IV, 463.)

61. SIR CAWLINE 56 (Additions and Corrections: II, 511; III, 508; IV, 463.)

62. FAIR ANNIE 63 (Additions and Corrections: II, 511; IV, 463; V, 220.)

63. CHILD WATERS 83 (Additions and Corrections: II, 511; III, 508; IV, 463; V, 220.)

64. FAIR JANET 100 (Additions and Corrections: III, 508; IV, 464; V, 222, 292.)

65. LADY MAISRY 112 (Additions and Corrections: III, 508; IV, 466; V, 222, 292.)

66. LORD INGRAM AND CHIEL WYET 126 (Additions and Corrections: II, 511; III, 508; V, 223, 292.)

67. GLASGERION 136 (Additions and Corrections: II, 511; III, 509; IV, 468; V, 293.)

68. YOUNG HUNTING 142 (Additions and Corrections: II, 512; III, 509; IV, 468; V, 223.)

69. CLERK SAUNDERS 156 (Additions and Corrections: II, 512; III, 509; IV, 468; V, 223, 293.)

70. WILLIE AND LADY MAISRY 167

71. THE BENT SAE BROWN 170 (Additions and Corrections: III, 509; IV, 469; V, 223.)

72. THE CLERK'S TWA SONS O OWSENFORD 173 (Additions and Corrections: II, 512; III, 509; IV, 469; V, 293.)

73. LORD THOMAS AND FAIR ANNET 179 (Additions and Corrections: II, 512; III, 509; IV, 469; V, 223, 293.)

74. FAIR MARGARET AND SWEET WILLIAM 199 (Additions and Corrections: V, 224, 293.)

75. LORD LOVEL 204 (Additions and Corrections: II, 512; III, 510; IV, 471; V, 225, 294.)

76. THE LASS OF ROCH ROYAL 213 (Additions and Corrections: III, 510; IV, 471; V, 225, 294.)

77. SWEET WILLIAM'S GHOST 226 (Additions and Corrections: II, 512; IV, 474; V, 225, 294.)

78. THE UNQUIET GRAVE 234 (Additions and Corrections: II, 512; III, 512; IV, 474; V, 225, 294.)

79. THE WIFE OF USHER'S WELL 238 (Additions and Corrections: III, 513; V, 294.)

80. OLD ROBIN OF PORTINGALE 240 (Additions and Corrections: II, 513; III, 514; IV, 476; V, 225, 295.)

81. LITTLE MUSGRAVE AND LADY BARNARD 242 (Additions and Corrections: II, 513; IV, 476; V, 225.)

82. THE BONNY BIRDY 260

83. CHILD MAURICE 263 (Additions and Corrections: III, 514; IV, 478.)

84. BONNY BARBARA ALLAN 276 (additions and Corrections: III, 514.)

85. LADY ALICE 279 (Additions and Corrections: III, 514; V, 225.)

86. YOUNG BENJIE 281 (Additions and Corrections: IV, 478.)

87. PRINCE ROBERT 284 (Additions and Corrections: V, 295.)

88. YOUNG JOHNSTONE 288

89. FAUSE FOODRAGE 296 (Additions and Corrections: II, 513; III, 515; IV, 479.)

90. JELLON GRAME 302 (Additions and Corrections: II, 513; III, 515; IV, 479; V, 226, 295.)

91. FAIR MARY OF WALLINGTON 309 (Additions and Corrections: II, 513; III, 515; IV, 479; V, 227.)

92. BONNY BEE HOM 317 (Additions and Corrections: V, 229.)

93. LAMKIN 320 (Additions and Corrections: II, 513; III, 515; IV, 480; V, 229, 295.)

94. YOUNG WATERS 342 (Additions and Corrections: III, 516.)

95. THE MAID FREED FROM THE GALLOWS 346 (Additions and Corrections: II, 514; III, 516; IV, 481; V, 231, 296.)

96. THE GAY GOSHAWK 355 (Additions and Corrections: III, 517; IV, 482; V, 234, 296.)

97. BROWN ROBIN 368

98. BROWN ADAM 373

99. JOHNIE SCOT 377 (Additions and Corrections: IV, 486; V, 234.)

100. WILLIE O WINSBURY 398 (Additions and Corrections: II, 514; III, 517; IV, 491; V, 296.)

101. WILLIE O DOUGLAS DALE 406 (Additions and Corrections: III, 517; V, 235.)

102. WILLIE AND EARL RICHARD'S DAUGHTER 412 (Additions and Corrections: III, 518.)

103. ROSE THE RED AND WHITE LILY 415

104. PRINCE HEATHEN 424 (Additions and Corrections: V, 296.)

105. THE BAILIFF'S DAUGHTER OF ISLINGTON 426 (Additions and Corrections: III, 518; V, 237.)

106. THE FAMOUS FLOWER OF SERVING-MEN 428 (Additions and Corrections: III, 518; IV, 492.)

107. WILL STEWART AND JOHN 432 (Additions and Corrections: V, 237.)

108. CHRISTOPHER WHITE 439

109. TOM POTTS 441 (Additions and Corrections: III, 518.)

110. THE KNIGHT AND SHEPHERD'S DAUGHTER 457 (Additions and Corrections: IV, 492; V, 237.)

111. CROW AND PIE 478

112. THE BAFFLED KNIGHT 479 (Additions and Corrections: III, 518; IV, 495; V, 239, 296.)

113. THE GREAT SILKIE OF SULE SKERRY 494 (Additions and Corrections: III, 518; IV, 495.)

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 495

54

THE CHERRY-TREE CAROL

#A. a.# 'Joseph was an old man,' Sandys, Christmas Carols, p. 123. #b.# Sandys, Christmastide, p. 241.

#B. a.# 'The Cherry-Tree Carol,' Husk, Songs of the Nativity, p. 59. #b.# Hone's Ancient Mysteries, p. 90. #c.# 'The Cherry-Tree Carol,' Sylvester, A Garland of Christmas Carols, p. 45. #d.# 'The Cherry-Tree,' Birmingham chap-book, of about 1843, in B. Harris Cowper's Apocryphal Gospels, p. xxxviii.

#C.# 'The Cherry-Tree Carol,' Bramley and Stainer, Christmas Carols, p. 60.

#D.# Notes and Queries, Fourth Series, XII, 461.

The proper story of this highly popular carol is derived from the Pseudo-Matthew's gospel, chapter XX; Tischendorf, Evangelia Apocrypha, p. 82; Thilo, Codex Apocryphus Novi Testamenti, Historia de Nativitate Mariæ et de Infantia Salvatoris, p. 395. What succeeds, after #A# 9, #B# 8, #C# 7, #D# 6, is probably founded on the angel's words to the shepherds in Luke ii, and on Jesus's predictions in the authentic gospels. This latter portion is sometimes printed as an independent carol, under the title of 'Joseph and the Angel.'[1]

On the third day of the flight into Egypt, Mary, feeling the heat to be oppressive, tells Joseph that she will rest for a while under a palm-tree. Joseph helps her to light from her beast, and Mary, looking up from under the tree, and seeing it full of fruit, asks for some. Joseph somewhat testily expresses his surprise that she should think of such a thing, considering the height of the tree: he is much more concerned to get a supply of water. Then Jesus, sitting on his mother's lap, bids the palm to bow down and refresh his mother with its fruit. The palm instantly bends its top to Mary's feet.

The truly popular carol would be sure to adapt the fruit to its own soil. In English the tree is always a cherry. We have the story also in the fifteenth of the Coventry Mysteries, ed. Halliwell, p. 146 (not omitting Joseph's quip in #A# 5, etc.), with the addition of a little more miracle: for it is not the season for cherries, and Mary's wish is anticipated by the tree's blooming before she has uttered it. In Catalan and Provençal the tree is an apple. On the way from Bethlehem to Nazareth, Mary and Joseph come upon a gardener who is climbing an apple-tree, and Mary asks for an apple. He politely gives her leave to pluck for herself. Joseph, who this time has not been disobliging, tries, but the branches go up; Mary tries, and the branches come to her:[2] Milá, Romancerillo, p. 3, No 4. Also p. 63, No 55, where again Joseph is _molt felló_, very crusty; further, Briz, III, 228; Arbaud, Chants populaires de la Provence, 'Lou premier Miracle,' I, 23, and 'La Fuito en Egypto,' II, 237 f. In other legendary ballads, not so entirely popular, the palm-tree is preserved: Meinert, p. 262; Böhme, p. 628, No 523==Weinhold, Weihnachtspiele, p. 385; Lexer, Kärntisches Wörterbuch, p. 310; Feifalik, Die Kindheit Jesu, pp 101, 106==Pailler, Weihnachtlieder aus Oberösterreich, No 314, p 338 f; Pailler, p. 332, No 310; Hoffmann, Horæ Belgicæ, Part Ten, p. 59; Alberdingk Thijm, I, 212. In Schmitz, Sitten und Sagen des Eifler Volkes, I, 116, and Pailler, as above, No 311, we have a fig-tree. Some of these are very imperfect, or have even lost chief points in the story.

There are many narratives of the childhood of Jesus, based on the apocryphal gospels, in which this legend must needs be found: as, Cursor Mundi, ed. Morris, II, 668 f, v. 11,657 ff; Horstmann, Altenglische Legenden, 1875, p. 6, 1878, pp 102, 112; Stephens, Fornsvenskt Legendarium, p. 71; Pitré, Canti popolari siciliani, II, 333.[3]

A

#a.# Sandys, Christmas Carols, p. 123, West of England. #b.# Sandys, Christmastide, p. 241.

1 Joseph was an old man, and an old man was he, When he wedded Mary, in the land of Galilee.

2 Joseph and Mary walked through an orchard good, Where was cherries and berries, so red as any blood.

3 Joseph and Mary walked through an orchard green, Where was berries and cherries, as thick as might be seen.

4 O then bespoke Mary, so meek and so mild: 'Pluck me one cherry, Joseph, for I am with child.'

5 O then bespoke Joseph, with words most unkind: 'Let him pluck thee a cherry that brought thee with child.'

6 O then bespoke the babe, within his mother's womb: 'Bow down then the tallest tree, for my mother to have some.'

7 Then bowed down the highest tree unto his mother's hand; Then she cried, See, Joseph, I have cherries at command.

8 O then bespake Joseph: 'I have done Mary wrong; But cheer up, my dearest, and be not cast down.'

9 Then Mary plucked a cherry, as red as the blood, Then Mary went home with her heavy load.

10 Then Mary took her babe, and sat him on her knee, Saying, My dear son, tell me what this world will be.

11 'O I shall be as dead, mother, as the stones in the wall; O the stones in the streets, mother, shall mourn for me all.

12 'Upon Easter-day, mother, my uprising shall be; O the sun and the moon, mother, shall both rise with me.'

B

#a.# Husk, Songs of the Nativity, p. 59, from a Worcester broadside of the last century. #b.# Hone's Ancient Mysteries, p. 90, from various copies, #c.# Sylvester, A Garland of Christmas Carols, p. 45. #d.# Birmingham chap-book, of about 1843, in B. Harris Cowper's Apocryphal Gospels, p. xxxviii.

1 Joseph was an old man, and an old man was he, And he married Mary, the Queen of Galilee.

2 When Joseph was married, and Mary home had brought, Mary proved with child, and Joseph knew it not.

3 Joseph and Mary walked through a garden gay, Where the cherries they grew upon every tree.

4 O then bespoke Mary, with words both meek and mild: 'O gather me cherries, Joseph, they run so in my mind.'

5 And then replied Joseph, with words so unkind: 'Let him gather thee cherries that got thee with child.'

6 O then bespoke our Saviour, all in his mother's womb: 'Bow down, good cherry-tree, to my mother's hand.'

7 The uppermost sprig bowed down to Mary's knee: 'Thus you may see, Joseph, these cherries are for me.'

8 'O eat your cherries, Mary, O eat your cherries now; O eat your cherries, Mary, that grow upon the bough.'

9 As Joseph was a walking, he heard an angel sing: 'This night shall be born our heavenly king.

10 'He neither shall be born in housen nor in hall, Nor in the place of Paradise, but in an ox's stall.

11 'He neither shall be clothed in purple nor in pall, But all in fair linen, as were babies all.

12 'He neither shall be rocked in silver nor in gold, But in a wooden cradle, that rocks on the mould.

13 'He neither shall be christened in white wine nor red, But with fair spring water, with which we were christened.'

14 Then Mary took her young son, and set him on her knee: 'I pray thee now, dear child, tell how this world shall be.'

15 'O I shall be as dead, mother, as the stones in the wall; O the stones in the street, mother, shall mourn for me all.

16 'And upon a Wednesday my vow I will make, And upon Good Friday my death I will take.

17 'Upon Easter-day, mother, my rising shall be; O the sun and the moon shall uprise with me.

18 'The people shall rejoice, and the birds they shall sing, To see the uprising of the heavenly king.'

C

Bramley and Stainer, Christmas Carols, p. 60.

1 Joseph was an old man, an old man was he, He married sweet Mary, the Queen of Galilee.

2 As they went a walking in the garden so gay, Maid Mary spied cherries, hanging over yon tree.

3 Mary said to Joseph, with her sweet lips so mild, 'Pluck those cherries, Joseph, for to give to my child.'

4 O then replied Joseph, with words so unkind, 'I will pluck no cherries for to give to thy child.'

5 Mary said to cherry-tree, 'Bow down to my knee, That I may pluck cherries, by one, two, and three.'

6 The uppermost sprig then bowed down to her knee: 'Thus you may see, Joseph, these cherries are for me.'

7 'O eat your cherries, Mary, O eat your cherries now, O eat your cherries, Mary, that grow upon the bough.'

8 As Joseph was a walking he heard angels sing, 'This night there shall be born our heavenly king.

9 'He neither shall be born in house nor in hall, Nor in the place of Paradise, but in an ox-stall.

10 'He shall not be clothed in purple nor pall, But all in fair linen, as wear babies all.

11 'He shall not be rocked in silver nor gold, But in a wooden cradle, that rocks on the mould.

12 'He neither shall be christened in milk nor in wine, But in pure spring-well water, fresh sprung from Bethine.'

13 Mary took her baby, she dressed him so sweet; She laid him in a manger, all there for to sleep.

14 As she stood over him she heard angels sing, 'Oh bless our dear Saviour, our heavenly king.'

D

Notes and Queries, Fourth Series, XII, 461; taken from the mouth of a wandering gypsy girl in Berkshire.

1 O Joseph was an old man, and an old man was he, And he married Mary, from the land of Galilee.

2 Oft after he married her, how warm he were abroad, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 Then Mary and Joseph walkd down to the gardens cool; Then Mary spied a cherry, as red as any blood.

4 'Brother Joseph, pluck the cherry, for I am with child:' 'Let him pluck the cherry, Mary, as is father to the child.'

5 Then our blessed Saviour spoke, from his mother's womb: 'Mary shall have cherries, and Joseph shall have none.'

6 From the high bough the cherry-tree bowd down to Mary's knee; Then Mary pluckt the cherry, by one, two, and three.

7 They went a little further, and heard a great din: 'God bless our sweet Saviour, our heaven's love in.'

8 Our Saviour was not rocked in silver or in gold, But in a wooden cradle, like other babes all.

9 Our Saviour was not christend in white wine or red, But in some spring water, like other babes all.

* * * * *

#A. b.#

2. When Joseph and Mary walked in the garden good, There was cherries and berries, as red as the blood.

3 _is wanting_.

4^3. some cherries.

5^2. so unkind.

5^3. the cherries.

6^{1,2}. bespoke Jesus in.

6^4. that my mother may.

7^{1,2}. tallest tree, it bent to Mary's.

_After 8_:

Then Joseph and Mary did to Bethlehem go, And with travels were weary, walking to and fro.

They sought for a lodging, but the inns were filld all, They, alas! could not have it, but in an ox's stall.

But before the next morning our Saviour was born, In the month of December, Christmas Day in the morn.

9-12 _are wanting_.

#B. b.#

2^2. and his cousin Mary got.

2^4. by whom Joseph knew not.

3^1. As Joseph.

3^2. the garden.

4^3. Gather me some.

4^{5,6}. Gather me some cherries, for I am with child.

5^1. O then bespoke.

5^2. with words most.

6. O then bespoke Jesus, all in his mother's womb: Go to the tree, Mary, and it shall bow down.

7. Go to the tree, Mary, and it shall bow to thee, And the highest branch of all shall bow down to Mary's knee.

And she shall gather cherries, by one, by two, by three: Now you may see, Joseph, those cherries were for me.

13^3. with the spring.

15. This world shall be like the stones in the street, For the sun and the moon shall bow down at thy feet.

(_~my feet~ in a Warwickshire broadside: Sylvester._)

17. And upon the third day my uprising shall be, And the sun and the moon shall rise up with me.

18 _is wanting_.

_For 9-13 we have, as a separate carol, in Chappell's Christmas Carols, edited by Dr E. F. Rimbault, p. 22, the following verses, traditional in Somersetshire:[4]_

1 As Joseph was a walking he heard an angel sing: 'This night shall be the birth-time of Christ, the heavnly king.

2 'He neither shall be born in housen nor in hall, Nor in the place of Paradise, but in an ox's stall.

3 'He neither shall be clothed in purple nor in pall, But in the fair white linen that usen babies all.

4 'He neither shall be rocked in silver nor in gold, But in a wooden manger, that resteth on the mould.'

5 As Joseph was a walking there did an angel sing, And Mary's child at midnight was born to be our king.

6 Then be ye glad, good people, this night of all the year, And light ye up your candles, for his star it shineth clear.

#c.#

1^3. When he.

2 _is omitted._

_After 3:_

Joseph and Mary walked through an orchard good, Where were cherries and berries, as red as any blood.

5 _is omitted._

6, 7. Go to the tree, Mary, and it shall bow to thee, And the highest branch of all shall bow down to Mary's knee.

Go to the tree, Mary, and it shall bow to thee, And you shall gather cherries, by one, by two, and three.

Then bowed down the highest tree unto his mother's hand: See, Mary cried, see, Joseph, I have cherries at command.

17^2. my uprising.

17^3. moon, mother.

17^4. shall both rise.

18 _is wanting, and is suspiciously modern._

#d.#

1^1. When Joseph.

1^2. and _wanting_.

2^{1, 2}. When Joseph he had his cousin Mary got.

2^4. by whom Joseph knew not.

3^1. As Joseph.

3^2. the garden gay.

3^{3, 4}. Where cherries were growing upon every spray.

4^{3, 4}. Gather me some cherries, for I am with child.

5. Gather me some cherries, they run so in my mind. Then bespoke Joseph, with wordes so unkind,

I will not gather cherries. Then said Mary, You shall see, By what will happen, these cherries were for me.

6^1. Then bespoke Jesus.

6^{3, 4}. Go to the tree, Mary, and it shall bow down.

7. And the highest branch shall bow to Mary's knee, And she shall gather cherries, by one, two, and three.

8 _wanting._

10 _wanting._

11^3. But in fine.

13^{1, 2}. He never did require white wine and bread.

13^3. But cold spring.

13 _precedes 12._

14^{3, 4}. Come tell me, dear child, how.

15. This world shall be like the stones in the street, For the sun and the moon shall bow down at my feet.

_The rest is wanting._

#D.#

3^2. to the garden school.

_The first stanza is said to have this variation in Worcestershire:_

Joseph was a hoary man, and a hoary man was he.

_Notes and Queries, Fourth Series, III, 75._

[1] A copy of the Cherry-Tree carol in The Guardian, Dec. 27, 1871, is partly compiled "from several ancient sources," and partly composed by the contributor: see Notes and Queries, Fourth Series, X, 73.

[2] Cf. the very naive #D# 5: 'Mary shall have cherries, and Joseph shall have none.'

[3] Liber de Infantia Mariæ et Christi Salvatoris, O. Schade, 1869, p. 38 f, follows almost word for word the Pseudo-Matthew. In note 234 the editor points out passages where the story occurs in Hróthsvítha, and other mediæval poetry. See, also, Schade, Narrationes de vita et conversatione beatæ Mariæ Virginis, 1870, pp 16, 24.

[4] The same in Christmas and Christmas Carols [by J. F. Russell], p. 26, with an additional modern-sounding stanza.

55

THE CARNAL AND THE CRANE

'The Carnal and the Crane.' #a.# Sandys, Christmas Carols, p. 152, Christmastide, p. 246, from a broadside. #b.# Husk, Songs of the Nativity, p. 97, apparently from a Worcester broadside, #c.# Birmingham chap-book, of about 1843, in B. Harris Cowper's Apocryphal Gospels, p. xli.

Mr Husk, who had access to a remarkably good collection of carols, afterwards unfortunately dispersed, had met with no copy of 'The Carnal and the Crane' of earlier date than the middle of the last century. Internal evidence points us much further back. The carol had obviously been transmitted from mouth to mouth before it was fixed in its present incoherent and corrupted form by print.[5]

The well-informed Crane instructs his catechumen, the Crow, in several matters pertaining to the birth and earliest days of Jesus: the Immaculate Conception; the Nativity; the conference of Herod with the Wise Men, including the miracle of the roasted cock; the Flight into Egypt, with the Adoration of the Beasts and the Instantaneous Harvest; the Massacre of the Innocents. Of the apocryphal incidents, the miracle of the cock, sts 10, 11, has been spoken of under No 22. The adoration of the beasts, sts 15, 16, is derived from the Historia de Nativitate Mariæ, etc. (Pseudo-Matthæi Evangelium), c. 19, Thilo, p. 394, Tischendorf, p. 81, and is of course frequent in legendaries of the infancy of the Saviour,[6] but is not remarkable enough to be popular in carols. The miraculous harvest, by which the Holy Family evade Herod's pursuit, is, on the contrary, a favorite subject with popular poetry, as also, like the bowing of the palm-tree, with pictorial art. I do not know where and when this pretty and clever legend was invented. In the Greek Gospel of Thomas, ch. 12, Jesus sows one grain of wheat, in the Latin Gospel of Thomas, ch. 10, and ch. 34 of the Pseudo-Matthew, a very little, and reaps an immense crop at harvest time; Tischendorf, pp 143 f, 165 f, 97: but this passage would hardly even suggest the miracle in question.[7] In a Swedish carol, 'Staffans-Visan,' reprinted from a recent broadside, in Dansk Kirketidende, 1861, cols 35, 36, by Professor George Stephens, and afterwards by Grundtvig, Danmarks Folkeviser, III, 882, the legend of the Cock and that of the Sower are combined, as here. The legend of the Sower is followed by that of the Palm-tree, and others, in La Fuito en Egypto, Arbaud, Chants p. de la Provence, II, 235. Another Provençal version of the Sower is given by Briz, IV, 70; a Catalan at pp 65 and 68, 'Lo rey Herodes;' ten Catalan versions by Milá, 'Herodes,' Romancerillo, pp 6-9, No 10. To these add: 'La Fuite en Égypte,' Poésies p. de la France, MS., I, fol. 226, 'Le roi Hérode,' VI, 192; 'De Vlucht naar Egypten,' Lootens et Feys, p. 32, No 20, Hoffmann von Fallersleben, Horæ Belgicæ, Part Ten, p. 22, No 4; 'Die Flucht Maria's,' Haupt und Schmaler, Volkslieder der Wenden, I, 275, No 283; Bezsonof, Kalyeki Perekhozhie, II, 116, No 319. The legend of the Sower occurs also in Le Geu des Trois Roys, Jubinal, Mystères inédits du 15^e Siècle, II, 117-131.

It is ordinarily Mary, and not Jesus, who operates the miracle; in the French mystery it is perhaps Joseph.[8] In the Provençal and Catalan ballads the Virgin commonly hides behind a sheaf or a stack, and does not pass on.[9]

1 As I passd by a river side, And there as I did reign, In argument I chanced to hear A Carnal and a Crane.

2 The Carnal said unto the Crane, If all the world should turn, Before we had the Father, But now we have the Son!

3 'From whence does the Son come, From where and from what place?' He said, In a manger, Between an ox and ass.

4 'I pray thee,' said the Carnal, 'Tell me before thou go, Was not the mother of Jesus Conceivd by the Holy Ghost?'

5 She was the purest virgin, And the cleanest from sin; She was the handmaid of our Lord And mother of our king.

6 'Where is the golden cradle That Christ was rocked in? Where are the silken sheets That Jesus was wrapt in?'

7 A manger was the cradle That Christ was rocked in: The provender the asses left So sweetly he slept on.

8 There was a star in the east land, So bright it did appear, Into King Herod's chamber, And where King Herod were.

9 The Wise Men soon espied it, And told the king on high A princely babe was born that night No king could eer destroy.

10 'If this be true,' King Herod said, 'As thou tellest unto me, This roasted cock that lies in the dish Shall crow full fences three.'

11 The cock soon freshly featherd was, By the work of God's own hand, And then three fences crowed he, In the dish where he did stand.

12 'Rise up, rise up, you merry men all, See that you ready be; All children under two years old Now slain they all shall be.'

13 Then Jesus, ah, and Joseph, And Mary, that was so pure, They travelld into Egypt, As you shall find it sure.

14 And when they came to Egypt's land, Amongst those fierce wild beasts, Mary, she being weary, Must needs sit down to rest.

15 'Come sit thee down,' says Jesus, 'Come sit thee down by me, And thou shalt see how these wild beasts Do come and worship me.'

16 First came the lovely lion, Which Jesus's grace did bring, And of the wild beasts in the field The lion shall be king.

17 We'll choose our virtuous princes Of birth and high degree, In every sundry nation, Whereer we come and see.

18 Then Jesus, ah, and Joseph, And Mary, that was unknown, They travelled by a husbandman, Just while his seed was sown.

19 'God speed thee, man,' said Jesus, 'Go fetch thy ox and wain, And carry home thy corn again Which thou this day hast sown.'

20 The husbandman fell on his knees, Even upon his face: 'Long time hast thou been looked for, But now thou art come at last.

21 'And I myself do now believe Thy name is Jesus called; Redeemer of mankind thou art, Though undeserving all.'

22 'The truth, man, thou hast spoken, Of it thou mayst be sure, For I must lose my precious blood For thee and thousands more.

23 'If any one should come this way, And enquire for me alone, Tell them that Jesus passed by As thou thy seed did sow.'

24 After that there came King Herod, With his train so furiously, Enquiring of the husbandman Whether Jesus passed by.

25 'Why, the truth it must be spoke, And the truth it must be known; For Jesus passed by this way When my seed was sown.

26 'But now I have it reapen, And some laid on my wain, Ready to fetch and carry Into my barn again.'

27 'Turn back,' says the captain, 'Your labor and mine's in vain; It's full three quarters of a year Since he his seed has sown.'

28 So Herod was deceived, By the work of God's own hand, And further he proceeded Into the Holy Land.

29 There's thousands of children young Which for his sake did die; Do not forbid those little ones, And do not them deny.

30 The truth now I have spoken, And the truth now I have shown; Even the Blessed Virgin She's now brought forth a son.

* * * * *

#a.#

8^1. West land.

16^2. spring; _perhaps a preposition has been dropped_.

#b.#

1^2. did rein.

2^2. Sure all the world will turn.

3^1. Whence does the Son come from.

3^3. Out of the land of Egypt.

4^2. goest.

5^2. all sin.

5^3. of the.

7^4. slept in.

8^1. East land.

9^4. No prince should.

10^2. tellest me.

12^4. Now slaughtered shall be.

13^1. aye and.

13^3. Egypt land.

13^4. find most.

14^1. Egypt.

14^2. Among some.

14^3. Mary grown quite.

15^3. see that these.

15^4. Will come.

16^2. did bring.

16^4. be king.

17^3. every nation of the world.

18^1. aye and.

18^3. passed by.

18^4. As he his seed had.

19^4. hath sown.

20^{3, 4}. And made a lowly reverence To Jesus Christ His grace.

21. Long time thou hast been looked for, But now thou art come at last; And I myself do now believe Thy name is Jesus called.

22^3. must shed.

23^4. seed had sown.

24^2. train most.

25^1. spoken.

25^4. As I my seed had sown.

26^1. And now.

26^3. The other you see is fit to carry.

26^4. barns.

27^1. said the Captain of the guard.

29^1. There were.

29^2. Who for.

29^3. these little.

30^3. Thus the.

30^4. Brought forth our Lord the Son.

#c.#

1-7. _not given._

8. There was a star in the west land, Which shed a cheerful ray Into King Herod's chamber, And where King Herod lay.

12^4. Now shall destroyed be.

21, 22. _not given._

25^4. When I my seed had sown.

29, 30. _not given._

[5] Carnal, _cornicula_, _corneille_, might be thought to have been long obsolete from the word not occurring in ordinary dictionaries, if in any: but it is hazardous to build conclusions on the omissions of dictionaries.

[6] As, Horstmann, Altenglische Legenden, 1875, p. 4, 1878, pp 101, 112; Cursor Mundi, 11, 629 ff, Morris, II, 660; Fornsvenskt Legendarium, p. 71; Feifalik, Kindheit Jesu, p. 103; Schade, Liber de Infantia, etc., p. 38, and note 226; etc.

[7] In Cursor Mundi, v. 12, 323 _ff_, II, 707, the sowing is according to the Apocrypha. In Luzel's Breton Ballads, I, 80/81, the Virgin, to keep a poor widow from killing one of her children to feed two others, makes corn sown at Christmas in early morning ripen before day.

[8] Joseph stops a moment to speak to the sower, asks the direct road to Egypt, and begs that if any inquiry is made he will say that nobody has passed that way. The sower is not punctilious, and answers, Je le feray très volontiers, que je voy bien qu'estez prodoms. The Swede is scrupulous. When the Virgin says, If anybody asks after us, say that you have seen nobody, he replies, I have promised my God never to tell a lie, "thinking she was only a lady." In the Wendish ballad the Virgin's demand is simply, If the Jews pass, conceal me not, reveal me not.

[9] In one Provençal version, Arbaud, II, 245 f, Joseph and Mary ask a man at work in the fields to save them from Herod, and he tells them to hide under mint. The mint depresses its leaves so as to afford no concealment. For this the mint is cursed; though it flower, it shall not seed. The good man then tells them to hide under sage; the sage stretches itself out to cover them. The mint betrays the Virgin in many of the Catalan ballads: She is under the stack! The salvia answers in Milá, #C#, 'ment la menta y mentirá.' In #D# parsley is the good plant: the mint is cursed with barrenness as before. In Milá, #J#, the partridge (one symbol of the devil) sings: Catxacatatxá! Sota la garbera la Mare de Deu está! for which its head is cursed, never to be eaten. So Briz, IV, 69.

56

DIVES AND LAZARUS

#A.# 'Dives and Lazarus.' #a.# Sylvester's Christmas Carols, p. 50. #b.# Husk, Songs of the Nativity, p. 94.

#B.# 'Diverus and Lazarus,' F. S. L., in Notes and Queries, Fourth Series, III, 76.

A ballet "of the Ryche man and poor Lazarus" was licensed to Master John Wallye and Mistress Toye, 19 July, 1557-9 July, 1558. W. Pekerynge pays his license for printing "of a ballett, Dyves and Lazarus," 22 July, 1570-22 July, 1571. Arber, Registers of the Company of Stationers, I, 76, 436. A fiddler in Fletcher's Monsieur Thomas, printed 1639, says he can sing The merry ballad of Diverus and Lazarus: