The Empire of Austria; Its Rise and Present Power

Accession of Joseph II.--His Plans of Reform.--Pius VI.--Emancipation of the Serfs.--Joseph's Visit to his Sister, Maria Antoinette.--Ambitions Designs.--The Imperial Sleigh Rid...

Pusillanimity of Frederic.--Intreaties of the Citizens of Prague.--Shameful Flight of Frederic.--Vengeance Inflicted Upon Bohemia.--Protestantism and Civil Freedom.--Vast Power...

Prosperous Aspect of Austrian Affairs.--Capture of Egra.--Vast Extent of Austria.--Dispute with Sardinia.--Marriage of Charles of Lorraine with The Queen's Sister.--Invasion of...

Anxiety Of Austrian Office-Holders.--Maria Theresa.--The Duke Of Lorraine.--Distraction Of The Emperor.--Tuscany Assigned To The Duke Of Lorraine.--Death Of Eugene.--Rising Grea...

The Spanish Succession.--The Impotence of Charles II.--Appeal to the Pope.--His Decision.--Death of Charles II.--Accession of Philip V.--Indignation of Austria.--The outbreak of...

Perplexities in Madrid.--Flight of Charles.--Retreat of the Austrian Army.--Stanhope's Division Cut Off.--Capture of Stanhope.--Staremberg Assailed.--Retreat to Barcelona.--Atte...

Character of Francis, Duke of Lorraine.--Policy of European Courts.--Plan of the Allies.--Siege of Prague.--Desperate Condition of the Queen.--Her Coronation in Hungary.--Enthus...

Invasion of the Turks.--A Treaty concluded.--Possessions of Leopold.-- Invasion of the French.--League of Augsburg.--Devastation of the Palatinate.--Invasion of Hungary.--Emeric...

Anguish of the King.--Letter to the Queen of Russia.--The imperial Circular.--Deplorable Condition of Austria.--Death of Charles VI.--Accession of Maria Theresa.--Vigorous Measu...

Character of Gustavus Adolphus.--Exultation of the Imperialists.-- Disgrace of Wallenstein.--He Offers to Surrender to the Swedish General.--His Assassination.--Ferdinand's Son...

Cardinal Fleury.--The Emperor of Austria Urges the Pragmatic Sanction.-- He Promises His Two Daughters to the Two Sons of the Queen of Spain.--France, England and Spain Unite Ag...

Heroic Decision of Eugene.--Battle of Belgrade.--Utter Rout of the Turks.--Possessions of Charles VI.--The Elector of Hanover Succeeds to the English Throne.--Preparations for W...

Treaty of Peace.--Dissatisfaction of Maria Theresa.--Preparation for War.--Rupture between England and Austria.--Maria Theresa.--Alliance with France.--Influence of Marchioness...

Possessions of the Emperor.--Power of the Protestants of Bohemia.--General Spirit of Insurrection.--Anxiety of Ferdinand.-- Insurrection led by Count Thurn.--Unpopularity of the...

The Council of Trent.--Spread of the Reformation.--Ferdinand's Attempt to Influence the Pope.--His Arguments against Celibacy.--Stubbornness of the Pope.--Maximilian II.--Disple...

Difficulties as to the Succession.--Hostility of Henry IV. to the House of Austria.--Assassination of Henry IV.--Similarity in Sully's and Napoleon's Plans.--Exultation of the C...

Hawk's Castle.--Albert, Count of Hapsburg.--Rhodolph of Hapsburg.--His Marriage and Estates.--Excommunication and its Results.--His Principles of Honor.--A Confederacy of Barons...

Character of Maximilian.--His Accomplishments.--His Wife.--Fate of his Children.--Rhodolph III.--The Liberty of Worship.--Means of Emancipation.--Rhodolph's Attempts against Pro...

Vexation of Ferdinand.--Gustavus Adolphus.--Address to the nobles of Sweden.--March of Gustavus.--Appeal to the Protestants.--Magdeburg joins Gustavus.--Destruction of the city....

Botskoi's Manifesto.--Horrible Suffering in Transylvania.--Character of Botskoi.--Confidence of the Protestants.--Superstition of Rhodolph.--His Mystic Studies.--Acquirements of...

Matthias Elected Emperor of Germany.--His despotic Character.--His Plans thwarted.--Mulheim.--Gathering Clouds.--Family Intrigue.--Coronation of Ferdinand.--His Bigotry.--Henry,...

The Treaty of Passau.--The Emperor yields.--His continued Reverses.--The Toleration Compromise.--Mutual Dissatisfation.--Remarkable Despondency of the Emperor Charles.--His Addr...

Anecdotes Of Rhodolph.--His Desire For The Election Of His Son.--His Death.--Albert.--His Unpopularity.--Conspiracy Of The Nobles.--Their Defeat.--Adolphus Of Nassau Chosen Empe...

Base Treachery of the Swiss Soldiers.--Perfidy of Ferdinand of Arragon.--Appeals by Superstition.--Coalition with Spain.--The League of Cambray.--Infamy of the Pope.--The Kings'...

Rhodolph II.--Marriage of John to Margaret.--Intriguing for the Tyrol.--Death of Rhodolph.--Accession of Power to Austria.--Dividing the Empire.--Delight of the Emperor Charles....

Desolations of War.--Disasters of Prussia.--Despondency of Frederic.-- Death of the Empress Elizabeth.--Accession of Paul III.--Assassination of Paul III.--Accession of Catharin...

Determination to crush Protestantism.--Incursion of the Turks.--Valor of the Protestants.--Preparations for renewed Hostilities.--Augmentation of the Protestant Forces.--The Cou...

John Of Tapoli.--The Instability Of Compacts.--The Sultans's Demands.--A Reign Of War.--Powers And Duties Of The Monarchs Of Bohemia.--The Diet.--The King's Desire To Crush Prot...

Charles V. of Spain.--His Election as Emperor of Germany.--His Coronation.--The first Constitution.--Progress of the Reformation.--The Pope's Bull against Luther.--His Contempt...

Wanderings of the Emperor Frederic.--Proposed Alliance with the Duke of Burgundy.--Mutual Distrust.--Marriage of Mary.--The Age of Chivalry.--The Motive inducing the Lord of Pra...

Increasing Honors of Albert V.--Encroachments of the Turks.--The Christians Routed.--Terror of the Hungarians.--Death of Albert.--Magnanimous Conduct of Albert of Bavaria.--Inte...

Anecdotes of Rhodolph.--His Desire for the Election of his Son.--His Death.--Albert.--His Unpopularity.--Conspiracy of the Nobles.--Their Defeat.--Adolphus of Nassau chosen Empe...

Perplexities in Madrid.--Flight of Charles.--Retreat of the Austrian Army.--Stanhope's Division cut off.--Capture of Stanhope.--Staremberg assailed.--Retreat to Barcelona.--Atte...

Charles V. of Spain.--His Election as Emperor of Germany.--His Coronation.--The First Constitution.--Progress of the Reformation.--The Pope's Bull against Luther.--His Contempt...

Possessions of the Emperor.--Power of the Protestants of Bohemia.-- General Spirit of Insurrection.--Anxiety of Ferdinand.--Insurrection led by Count Thurn.--Unpopularity of the...

John of Tapoli.--The Instability of Compacts.--The Sultan's Demands.--A Reign of War.--Powers and Duties of the Monarchs of Bohemia.--The Diet.--The King's Desire to crush Prote...

The Treaty of Passau.--The Emperor yields.--His continued Reverses.--The Toleration Compromise.--Mutual Dissatisfaction.--Remarkable Despondency of the Emperor Charles.--His Add...

Accession of Joseph II.--His Plans of Reform.--Pius VI.--Emancipation of the Serfs.--Joseph's Visit to his Sister, Maria Antoinette.--Ambitious Designs.--The Imperial Sleigh Rid...

Wanderings of the Emperor Frederic.--Proposed Alliance with the Duke of Burgundy.--Mutual Distrust.--Marriage of Mary.--The Age of Chivalry.--The Motive inducing the Lord of Pra...

Cardinal Fleury.--The Emperor of Austria urges the Pragmatic Sanction.--He promises his two Daughters to the two Sons of the Queen of Spain.--France, England and Spain unite aga...

Anxiety of Austrian Office-holders.--Maria Theresa.--The Duke of Lorraine.--Distraction of the Emperor.--Tuscany assigned to the Duke of Lorraine.--Death of Eugene.--Rising Grea...

Pusillanimity of Frederic.--Intreaties of the Citizens of Prague.--Shameful Flight of Frederic.--Vengeance Inflicted upon Bohemia.--Protestantism and Civil Freedom.--Vast Power...

Anguish of the King.--Letter to the Queen of Russia.--The Imperial Circular.--Deplorable Condition of Austria.--Death of Charles VI.--Accession of Maria Theresa.--Vigorous Measu...

Rhodolph II.--Marriage of John to Margaret.--Intriguing for the Tyrol.--Death of Rhodolph.--Accession of Power to Austria.--Dividing the Empire.--Delight of the Emperor Charles....

Vexation of Ferdinand.--Gustavus Adolphus.--Address to the Nobles of Sweden.--March of Gustavus.--Appeal to the Protestants.--Magdeburg joins Gustavus.--Destruction of the City....

Difficulties as to the Succession.--Hostility of Henry IV. to the House of Austria.--Assassination of Henry IV.--Similarity in Sully's and Napoleon's Plans.--Exultation of the C...

Character of Maximilian.--His Accomplishments.--His Wife.--Fate of his Children.--Rhodolph III.--The Liberty of Worship.--Means of Emancipation.--Rhodolph's Attempts against Pro...

Desolations of War.--Disasters of Prussia.--Despondency of Frederic.-- Death of the Empress Elizabeth.--Accession of Paul III.--Assassination of Paul III.--Accession Of Catharin...

Prosperous Aspect of Austrian Affairs.--Capture of Egea.--Vast Extent of Austria.--Dispute with Sardinia.--Marriage of Charles of Lorraine with the Queen's Sister.--Invasion of...

Increasing Honors of Albert V.--Encroachments of the Turks.--The Christians Routed.--Terror of the Hungarians.--Death of Albert.-- Magnanimous Conduct of Albert of Bavaria.--Int...

Base Treachery of the Swiss Soldiers.--Perfidy of Ferdinand of Arragon.--Appeals by Superstition.--Coalition with Spain.--The League of Cambray.--Infamy of the Pope.--The King's...

Determination to crush Protestantism.--Incursion of the Turks.--Valor of the Protestants.--Preparations for renewed Hostilities.--Augmentation of the Protestant Forces.--The Cou...

Hawk's Castle.--Albert, Count of Hapsburg.--Rhodolph of Hapsburg.--His Marriage and Estates.--Excommunication and its Results.--His Principles of Honor.--A Confederacy of Barons...

The Council of Trent.--Spread of the Reformation.--Ferdinand's Attempt to influence the Pope.--His Arguments against Celibacy.--Stubbornness of the Pope.--Maximilian II.--Disple...

Character of Francis, Duke of Lorraine.--Policy of European Courts.--Plan of the Allies.--Siege of Prague.--Desperate Condition of the Queen--Her Coronation in Hungary.--Enthusi...

The Spanish Succession.--The Impotence of Charles II.--Appeal to the Pope.--His Decision.--Death of Charles II.--Accession of Philip V.--Indignation of Austria.--The Outbreak of...

Botskoi's Manifesto.--Horrible Suffering in Transylvania.--Character of Botskoi.--Confidence of the Protestants.--Superstition of Rholdoph.--His Mystic Studies.--Acquirements of...

Character of Gustavus Adolphus.--Exultation of the Imperialists.--Disgrace of Wallenstein.--He offers to Surrender to the Swedish General.--His Assassination.--Ferdinand's son E...

Treaty of Peace.--Dissatisfaction of Maria Theresa.--Preparation for War.--Rupture between England and Austria.--Maria Theresa.--Alliance with France.--Influence of Marchioness...

Heroic Decision of Eugene.--Battle of Belgrade.--Utter Rout of the Turks.--Possessions of Charles VI.--The Elector of Hanover succeeds to the English Throne.--Preparations for W...

Matthias Elected Emperor of Germany.--His Despotic Character.--His Plans Thwarted.--Mulheim.--Gathering Clouds.--Family Intrigue.--Coronation of Ferdinand.--His Bigotry.--Henry,...

Invasion of the Turks.--A Treaty Concluded.--Possessions of Leopold.--Invasion of the French.--League of Augsburg.--Devastation of the Palatinate.--Invasion of Hungary.--Emerio...