Chapter 3

APPLETONS' JOURNAL is now published monthly; it is devoted to popular literature and all matters of taste and general culture--published at a price to bring it within the reach of all classes. It contains superior fiction, in the form of serials and short stories; papers graphically descriptive of picturesque places; articles upon men of note, and upon the habits of different peoples; essays upon household and social topics; articles of travel and adventure; scientific and industrial articles written in a graphic and popular style. In brief, the aim is to be comprehensive, including in its plan all branches of literature and all themes of interest to intelligent readers. Each number is illustrated.

TERMS: Three dollars per annum, postage prepaid, to all subscribers in the United States; or Twenty-five Cents per number. A Club of Four Yearly Subscriptions will entitle the sender to an extra subscription gratis; that is, five copies will be sent one year for twelve dollars. For $7.20, APPLETONS' JOURNAL and THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY (full price, eight dollars), postage prepaid.

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THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY.

Conducted by E. L. YOUMANS.

This periodical was started (in 1872) to promote the diffusion of valuable scientific knowledge, in a readable and attractive form, among all classes of the community, and has thus far met a want supplied by no other magazine in the United States.

Containing instructive and interesting articles and abstracts of articles, original, selected, translated, and illustrated, from the pens of the leading scientific men of different countries; accounts of important scientific discoveries, the application of science to the practical arts, and the latest views put forth concerning natural phenomena, have been given by _savants_ of the highest authority. Prominent attention has been also devoted to those various sciences which help to a better understanding of the nature of man, to the bearings of science upon the questions of society and government, to scientific education, and to the conflicts which spring from the progressive nature of scientific knowledge.

THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY is published monthly in a large octavo, handsomely printed on clear type, and, when the subjects admit, fully illustrated.

TERMS: $5.00 per annum, or Fifty Cents per Number. Postage prepaid to all Subscribers in the United States.

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THE ART JOURNAL:

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BY DISTINGUISHED ARTISTS OF EUROPE AND AMERICA;

WITH ILLUSTRATED PAPERS IN THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF ART.

THE ART JOURNAL is a monthly publication, quarto size, superbly illustrated and printed, and specially devoted to the world of Art--Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Decoration, Engraving, Etching, Enameling, and Designing in all its branches--having in view the double purpose of supplying a complete illustrated record of progress in the Arts, and of affording a means for the cultivation of Art-taste among the people. Each number is richly and abundantly illustrated on both steel and wood, and no pains are spared to render this "ART JOURNAL" the most valuable publication of the kind in the world. It contains the Steel Plates and Illustrations of the LONDON ART JOURNAL, a publication of world-wide fame (the exclusive right of which, for Canada and the United States, has been purchased by the publishers); with _extensive additions devoted principally to American Art and American topics_. _Published monthly._ _Sold only by Subscription._ Price, 75 Cents per Number; $9.00 per Annum, postage prepaid.

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APPLETONS'

AMERICAN CYCLOPÆDIA.

NEW REVISED EDITION.

_Entirely rewritten by the ablest writers an every subject. Printed from new type, and illustrated with Several Thousand Engravings and Maps._

The work originally published under the title of THE NEW AMERICAN CYCLOPÆDIA was completed in 1863, since which time the wide circulation which it has attained in all parts of the United States, and the signal developments which have taken place in every branch of science, literature, and art, have induced the editors and publishers to submit it to an exact and thorough revision, and to issue a new edition entitled THE AMERICAN CYCLOPÆDIA.

Within the last ten years the progress of discovery in every department of knowledge has made a new work of reference an imperative want.

The movement of political affairs has kept pace with the discoveries of science, and their fruitful application to the industrial and useful arts and the convenience and refinement of social life. Great wars and consequent revolutions have occurred, involving national changes of peculiar moment. The civil war of our own country, which was at its height when the last volume of the old work appeared, has happily been ended, and a new course of commercial and industrial activity has been commenced.

Large accessions to our geographical knowledge have been made by the indefatigable explorers of Africa.

The great political revolutions of the last decade, with the natural result of the lapse of time, have brought into public view a multitude of new men, whose names are in every one's mouth, and of whose lives every one is curious to know the particulars. Great battles have been fought, and important sieges maintained, of which the details are as yet preserved only in the newspapers, or in the transient publications of the day, but which ought now to take their place in permanent and authentic history.

In preparing the present edition for the press, it has accordingly been the aim of the editors to bring down the information to the latest possible dates, an to furnish an accurate account of the most recent discoveries in science, of every fresh production in literature, and the newest inventions in the practical arts, as well as to give a succinct and original record of the progress of political and historical events.

The work has been begun after long and careful preliminary labor, and with the most ample resources for carrying it on to a successful termination.

None of the original stereotype plates have been used, but every page has been printed on new type, forming in fact a new Cyclopædia, with the same plan and compass as its predecessor, but with a far greater pecuniary expenditure, and with such improvements in its composition as have been suggested by longer experience and enlarged knowledge.

The illustrations, which are introduced for the first time in the present edition, have been added not for the sake of pictorial effect, but to give greater lucidity and force to the explanations in the text. They embrace all branches of science and of natural history, and depict the most famous and remarkable features of scenery, architecture, and art, as well as the various processes of mechanics and manufactures. Although intended for instruction rather than embellishment, no pains have been spared to insure their artistic excellence; the cost of their execution is enormous, and it is believed that they will find a welcome reception as an admirable feature of the Cyclopædia, and worthy of its high character.

This work is sold to subscribers only, payable on delivery of each volume. It is now completed in sixteen large octavo volumes, each containing over 800 pages, fully illustrated with several thousand Wood Engravings, and with numerous colored Lithographic Maps.

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WITH AN ANALYTICAL INTRODUCTION.

One large 8vo Volume, 750 Pages, Paper Covers, Price, $3.

The decision of the aggregate votes cast for a President is the greatest and most important act relating to every such election. How shall it be done? How shall the result be peacefully and justly decided? How shall the votes be counted? Upon the satisfactory solution of this question hangs the existence of the Government. In these pages the reader will find all that has been proposed or said in Congress on the subject, together with the entire official action of Congress in counting the votes at every previous presidential election.

All the congressional debates on this subject are printed verbatim from the reports in "The Annals of Congress," "Congressional Globe," and "Congressional Record," and in every case the pages of the original work are given.

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Transcriber's Notes:

1. One page of advertisements located at the beginning of the book has been moved to the end of the book.

2. On the second to last page of advertisements, the sentence beginning "Specimen pages of the AMERICAN CYCLOPÆDIA..." was preceded by an inverted asterism.