vii. The names of Beth-On or Beth-el in Canaan, and of On near

Damascus (Amos i. 5), indicate a connection with the cult of the Sun-god at On in Egypt. On in the ‘Beka’’ of Damascus is probably the Heliopolis of Syria, to which the worship of Ra of Heliopolis of Egypt was brought in the reign of the Pharaoh Senemures (Macrobius, _Saturnal._ i. 23, 10).

Footnote 102:

_Aegypten und die Bücher Mose’s_, p. 299.

Footnote 103:

Maspero, _The Struggle of the Nations_, p. 271, note 5.

Footnote 104:

Cf. Brugsch, _Aegyptologie_, pp. 218 _sq._

Footnote 105:

Ebers, _Aegypten und die Bücher Mose’s_, pp. 323-333.

Footnote 106:

Ebers, _l.c._, pp. 335, 336.

Footnote 107:

See Wiedemann, _Religion der alten Aegypter_, pp. 142-144. The _khartummîm_ and _khakâmîm_ (Authorised Version, ‘magicians’ and ‘wise men’) seem to correspond with the Egyptian _kherhebu_, ‘interpreters of the sacred books,’ and _rekhu khetu_, ‘wise men.’

Footnote 108:

See Tomkins, _Life and Times of Joseph_, p. 44; Erman, _Life in Ancient Egypt_ (Eng. tr.), p. 439.

Footnote 109:

Mariette, _Abydos_, p. 421 (Ben-Mazan from Bashan becomes Ramses-em-per-Ra); Daninos-Pasha and Maspero in the _Recueil de Travaux relatifs à la Philologie et à l’ Archéologie égyptienne et assyrienne_, xii. p. 214; and Sayce in the _Academy_, 1891, p. 461.

Footnote 110:

See Erman, _Life in Ancient Egypt_ (Eng. tr.), p. 439.

Footnote 111:

See Erman, _Life in Ancient Egypt_ (Eng. tr.), pp. 102, 103.

Footnote 112:

Thus ‘Captain’ Ahmes had land given him according to his biographical inscription, ll. 22, 24; see Brugsch, _Egypt under the Pharaohs_ (Eng. tr.), second edit. i. p. 249.

Footnote 113:

See Virey in _Records of the Past_, new ser., iii. pp. 7 _sqq._ There were similar public granaries in Babylonia called _sutummi_, under the charge of an officer who bore the title of _satammu_, and the institution was probably introduced into Egypt from Asia.

Footnote 114:

Erman, _Life in Ancient Egypt_ (Eng. tr.), p. 108.

Footnote 115:

See Brugsch’s translation of the inscription in his _Die biblischen sieben Jahre der Hungersnoth_ (1891).

Footnote 116:

See Brugsch, _Egypt under the Pharaohs_ (Eng. tr.), 2nd edit., i. pp. 262, 263. ‘Captain’ Ahmes, who took part in the War of Independence under Ahmes I., calls himself the son of Abana, and traces his descent to his ‘forefather Baba.’ In Abana, Maspero (_The Struggle of the Nations_, p. 85) sees the Semitic Abîna, ‘Our father.’

Footnote 117:

Thus in the Tel el-Amarna tablets, Rib-Hadad, the governor of Phœnicia, asks the Pharaoh to send corn to Gebal, as the crops there had failed (Winckler and Abel, No. 48, ll. 8-19), and Meneptah sent corn to the Hittites when they suffered from a famine (Brugsch, _Egypt under the Pharaohs_, Eng. tr., 2nd edit., ii. p. 119).

Footnote 118:

According to Abulfarag (_Chron._ p. 14), Joseph became Vizier in the seventeenth year of the reign of Apopi. Maspero (_Struggle of the Nations_, pp. 59, 107) makes Apopi Ra-aa-kenen the third of the name.

Footnote 119:

See Maspero’s translation in _Records of the Past_, new ser., ii. pp. 37 _sq._

Footnote 120:

E. Naville, _Goshen and the Shrine of Saft el-Hennah_, Fourth Memoir of the Egypt Exploration Fund (1887), pp. 14 _sq._

Footnote 121:

See Naville, _Goshen_, p. 26.

Footnote 122:

_Bibl. Hist._, i. 91.

Footnote 123:

N. H. xix. 5.

Footnote 124:

Abel-Mizraim may be the Abel that is mentioned in connection with the ‘gardens,’ the ‘tilth,’ and the ‘spring’ of Carmel of Judah in the list of places in Canaan conquered by Thothmes III. (No. 92). Another Abel is mentioned two names earlier (No. 90).

Footnote 125:

See Virey’s translation in _Records of the Past_, new ser., iii. p. 34.