Part 2

If this bill passes, it is my deliberate opinion that it is virtually a dissolution of this Union, that it will free the States from their moral obligations, and as it will be the right of all, so it will be the duty of some, definitely to prepare for a separation, amicably if they can, violently if they must.

JOSIAH QUINCY (_Representative from Massachusetts in Congress, opposing statehood for Louisiana Territory, 1811_)

_Richard Taylor born, 1826_

January Twenty-Eighth

The rights of Louisiana as a sovereign State are those of Virginia; no more, no less. Let those who deny her right to resume delegated powers successfully refute the claim of Virginia to the same right, in spite of her expressed reservation made and notified to her sister States when she consented to enter the Union.... For two-thirds of a century this right has been known by many of the States to be, at all times, within their power.

JUDAH P. BENJAMIN (_Farewell Address in the United States Senate_)

January Twenty-Ninth

It was Lee who suggested the capture of Stony Point, and it was a band of North Carolinians who formed Wayne's head of column in the assault upon that fortress. Three hundred Virginians followed Lee in his successful dash against Paulus Hook on the Jersey coast, August, 1779.

HENRY A. WHITE

_Henry Lee ("Light Horse Harry") born, 1756_

January Thirtieth

UNCLE REMUS AT THE TELEPHONE

"Yer 'tis, Miss Sally," said Uncle Remus after listening a moment.

"Dey's a mighty zooin' gwine on in dar, en I dunner whe'er Mars John tryin' ter scramble out, er whe'er he des tryin' fer ter make hisself comfertuble in dar."

"What did he say, Remus?"

"He up en low'd dat one un us wus a vilyun but dey wuz such a buzzin' gwine on in dar dat I couldn't 'zactly ketch the rights un it."

JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS

January Thirty-first

I wish I was in the land of cotton, Cinnamon seed and sandy bottom; Look away, away, away down South in Dixie. Her scenes shall fade from my memory never; For Dixie's land hurrah forever! Look away, away, away down South in Dixie.

Chorus:

I wish I was in Dixie; Away, away; In Dixie's land I'll take my stand, And live and die in Dixie. Away, away, Away down South in Dixie. Look away, away, away down South in Dixie. MARIE LOUISE EVE (_Version of "Dixie"_)

February

TAMPA ROBINS

The robin laughed in the orange-tree: "Ho, windy North, a fig for thee: While breasts are red and wings are bold And green trees wave us globes of gold, Time's scythe shall reap but bliss for me-- Sunlight, song, and the orange-tree....

"I'll south with the sun, and keep my clime; My wing is king of the summer-time; My breast to the sun his torch shall hold; And I'll call down through the green and gold _Time, take thy scythe, reap bliss for me, Bestir thee under the orange-tree_." SIDNEY LANIER

February First

The Emperor of France made him Commander of the Legion of Honor; The Emperor of Russia, Knight of the Order of St. Ann; the King of Denmark, Knight of the Dannebrog; the King of Portugal, Knight of the Tower and Sword; the King of Belgium, Knight of the Order of St. Leopold; simultaneously with Tennyson, he was awarded an LL.D. by the University of Cambridge, England; he received honorary membership from a score of the world's leading societies of science and scholarship; the Pope conferred upon him a noteworthy testimonial; the Emperor of Mexico gave him a decoration; and Prussia, Austria, Sweden, Holland, Sardinia, Bremen, and France struck medals in his honor as the greatest scientist of the New World, and the peer of any in the Old.

The government of his own country, says Professor Francis H. Smith, has "carefully omitted his name in official records of the departments he created"; nor is it even given a place among the many inscribed in the mighty mosaic of our National Library.

_Matthew Fontaine Maury dies at Lexington, Va., 1873_

_Texas secedes, 1861_

February Second

MAURY'S LAST WISH

"Home--bear me home, at last," he said, "And lay me where my dead are lying, But not while skies are overspread, And mournful wintry winds are sighing.

"When the sky, the air, the grass, Sweet Nature all, is glad and tender, Then bear me through 'The Goshen Pass' Amid its flush of May-day splendor." MARGARET J. PRESTON

February Third

Snow! Snow! Snow! Do thy worst, Winter, but know, but know That, when the Spring cometh, a blossom shall blow From the heart of the Poet that sleeps below, And his name to the ends of the earth shall go, In spite of the snow! JOHN B. TABB

(_In welcoming "The Forthcoming Volume" of the poems of his fellow soldier, fellow patriot, and fellow artist_,

SIDNEY LANIER)

_Sidney Lanier born, 1842_

_Albert Sidney Johnston born, 1803_

February Fourth

What a beneficent provision of the Creator it was, to roll our little planet but one side at a time next the sun, that while one half of the world fretted and stormed and sinned, the other half might repent and sleep.

WILLIAM ALEXANDER CARRUTHERS

February Fifth

MAURY

The stars had secrets for him; seas Revealed the depths their waves were screening; The winds gave up their mysteries; The tidal flows confessed their meaning.

Of ocean paths, the tangled clew He taught the nations to unravel; And showed the track where safely through The lightning-footed thought might travel. MARGARET J. PRESTON

February Sixth

GENERAL JOHN B. GORDON

Patriot, soldier, statesman, Prince of the race of men; Cypress and rue for his passing, Laurel for sword and pen.

Dust for the hand that wrought; But for the lessons taught Life without end. IDA SLOCOMB MATTHEWS

_John B. Gordon born, 1832_

_John Pegram killed near Hatcher's Run, 1865_

February Seventh

And there's Joe--my bully Joe--wouldn't I walk ten miles of a rainy night to see them hazel eyes, and feel the grip of his soldier hand? Didn't my rooster always clap his wings and crow whenever he passed our quarters? "Instinct told him that he was the true prince," and it would make anybody brave to be nigh him.

MAJOR CHARLES H. SMITH (_Bill Arp_)

_Joseph E. Johnston born, 1807_

February Eighth

Hath not the morning dawned with added light? And shall not the evening call another star Out of the infinite regions of the night, To mark this day in Heaven? At last, we are A nation among nations; and the world Shall soon behold in many a distant port Another flag unfurled! HENRY TIMROD (_Ethnogenesis_)

_Southern Confederacy begins to assume definite form in a league of seven Southern States, 1861_

February Ninth

The great change wrought by the States in resuming their sovereignty, and in forming the Confederate States Government, was attended by no anarchy, no rebellion, no suspension of authority, no social disorders, no lawless disturbances. Sovereignty was not, for one moment, in suspension. Conservatism marked every proceeding and public act. The object was to do what was necessary and no more; and to do that with the utmost temperance and prudence.

J. L. M. CURRY

_William H. Harrison born, 1773_

February Tenth

You say we shall submit to your construction. We shall do it, if you can make us; but not otherwise, or in any other manner. That is settled. You may call it secession, or you may call it revolution; but there is a big fact standing before you, ready to oppose you. That fact is freemen with arms in their hands. The cry of the Union will not disperse them; we have passed that point. They demand equal rights; you had better heed the demand.

ROBERT TOOMBS (_Farewell Address in the United States Senate_)

February Eleventh

Equality does not exist between blacks and whites. The one race is inferior in many respects, physically and mentally, to the other. This should be received as a fixed invincible fact in all dealings with the subject.

ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS (_Vice-President of the Confederacy_)

I will say in addition to this that there is a physical difference between the white and black races which I believe will forever forbid the two races living together on terms of social and political equality.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN (_President of the United States_)

_Alexander H. Stephens born in Georgia, 1812_

February Twelfth

Those who would shiver into fragments the Union of these States, tear to tatters its now venerated constitution, and even burn the last copy of the Bible, rather than slavery should continue a single hour, together with all their more halting sympathizers, have received, and are receiving their just execration; and the name and opinion and influence of Mr. Clay are fully and, as I trust, effectually and enduringly arrayed against them.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN (_Eulogy on Clay, 1852_)

The abolitionists were always the fiercest opponents of colonization. The practical improvement of the negro, in his native country, did not suit them so well as the impracticable idea of equalizing black men with white in a strange land.

GEORGE LUNT (Massachusetts)

_Abraham Lincoln born in Kentucky, 1809_

_Gradual emancipation of slaves discussed at Maysville, Ky., 1849_

February Thirteenth

SAINT VALENTINE'S EVE

Thou wouldst be loved? then let thy heart From its present pathway part not; Being everything which now thou art, Be nothing which thou art not. So with the world thy gentle ways, Thy grace, thy more than beauty, Shall be an endless theme of praise, And love a simple duty. EDGAR ALLAN POE

_Florida admitted to the Union, 1845_

February Fourteenth

A Northern Tribute to the College of Jefferson, Monroe, Tyler, and Marshall

As a matter of comparison we have lately read that from William and Mary College, Virginia, thirty-two out of thirty-five professors and instructors abandoned the college work and joined the army in the field. Harvard College sent one professor from its large corps of professors and instructors.

GENERAL CHARLES A. WHITTIER (Massachusetts)

_The charter of William and Mary College granted, 1693_

February Fifteenth

DETERMINING THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE NEW BOARDER

"I will illustrate by an incident," said Mrs. Paynter.

"As I say, this young man spends his entire time in his room, where he is, I believe, engaged in writing a book."

"Oh, me! Then he's penniless, depend upon it!"

HENRY SYDNOR HARRISON (_Queed_)

_Cyrus Hall McCormick born, 1809_

February Sixteenth

A chicken that had done duty at a previous repast was set before the Rev. Scervant Jones, the first Baptist preacher of Williamsburg, Virginia, at the tavern of a Mr. Howl. Upon which the Reverend gentleman pronounced the following blessing:

"Good Lord of love Look down from above, And bless the 'Owl Who ate this fowl And left these bones For Scervant Jones."

_Fort Donelson surrenders, 1862_

February Seventeenth

A NORTHERN VIEW

* * * It was the most monstrous barbarity of the barbarous march. There is no reason to think that General Sherman knew anything of the purpose to burn the city, which had been freely talked about among the soldiers through the afternoon. But there is reason to think that he knew well enough who did it, that he never rebuked it, and made no effort to punish it.

WHITELAW REID (_Ohio_)

_Sherman burns Columbia, 1865_

February Eighteenth

We have changed the constituent parts, but not the system of our government. The Constitution formed by our fathers is that of the Confederate States, in their exposition of it; and, in the judicial construction it has received, we have a light which reveals its true meaning.

JEFFERSON DAVIS (_Inaugural Address_)

_Jefferson Davis inaugurated, 1861_

_Federal forces enter Charleston, S. C., 1865_

February Nineteenth

Ye marshes, how candid and simple and nothing-withholding and free Ye publish yourselves to the sky and offer yourselves to the sea! Tolerant plains, that suffer the sea and the rains and the sun, Ye spread and span like the catholic man who has mightily won God out of knowledge and good out of infinite pain And sight out of blindness and purity out of a stain. SIDNEY LANIER

February Twentieth

After the passage of the Anti-Ku Klux Statute by the State of Tennessee, several instances occurred of parties being arrested in Ku Klux disguises; but in every case they proved to be either negroes or "radical" Brownlow Republicans. This occurred so often that the statute was allowed by the party in power to become a dead letter before its repeal. It bore too hard on the "loyal" men when enforced.

J. C. LESTER and D. L. WILSON

As the young German patriots of 1812 organized their struggle for liberty under the noses of the garrisons of Napoleon, so these daring men, girt by thousands of bayonets, discussed and adopted under the cover of darkness the ritual of "The Invisible Empire."

THOMAS DIXON, JR.

_Governor Brownlow of Tennessee calls out the militia to suppress the Ku Klux Klan, 1869_

_Federal troops defeated at Olustee, Fla., 1864_

February Twenty-First

The Ku Klux Klan was a great Law and Order League of mounted night cavalrymen called into action by the intolerable conditions of a reign of terror.... It was the old answer of organized manhood to organized crime masquerading under the forms of government.... Women and children had eyes and saw not, ears and heard not. Over four hundred thousand disguises for men and horses were made by the women of the South, and not one secret ever passed their lips!

THOMAS DIXON, JR.

The View of a "Reconstructionist"

The Ku Klux Order was a daring conception for a conquered people. Only a race of warlike instincts and regal pride could have conceived or executed it. Men, women, and children must have, and be worthy of, implicit mutual trust. They must be trusted with the secrets of life and death without reserve and without fear.

JUDGE ALBION W. TOURGEE (Ohio)

February Twenty-Second

First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen, he was second to none in the humble and endearing scenes of private life; pious, just, humane, temperate, and sincere; uniform, dignified, and commanding, his example was as edifying to all around him, as were the effects of that example lasting.

HENRY LEE (_Father of Robert E. Lee_)

_George Washington born, 1732_

February Twenty-Third

Won in the Name of Virginia; Governor Patrick Henry to Colonel George Rogers Clark:

"You are to retain the Command of the troops now at the several posts in the county of Illinois and on the Wabash, which fall within the limits of the County now erected and called Illinois County.... You are also to take the Command of five other Companies, raised under the act of Assembly which I send herewith, and which if completed, as I hope they will be speedily, will have orders to join you without loss of time, and are likewise to be under your command.... The honor and interest of the State are deeply concerned in this."

_George Rogers Clark appears before Vincennes, 1779_

_Battle of Buena Vista; Col. Jefferson Davis wounded, 1847_

_Mississippi readmitted to the Union, 1870_

February Twenty-Fourth

The importance of this brilliant exploit was destined to be far greater than even Clark foresaw, for when the treaty of peace was being negotiated at Paris in 1782, our allies, France and Spain, were both more than willing to sacrifice our interests in order to keep us out of the Mississippi Valley, and the western boundary of the United States would undoubtedly have been fixed at the Alleghanies instead of the Mississippi, but for the fact that this western region was actually occupied by Virginians.

S. C. MITCHELL

The vast Northwest had been thus won by a heroic band of volunteers, led by one of the most dauntless warriors that ever risked life for country.

THOMAS E. WATSON

_George Rogers Clark stipulates to Governor Hamilton the terms of surrender of the Northwestern territory, 1779_

February Twenty-Fifth

From Inscription on tablet in St. Michael's Church, Charleston, South Carolina.

"As a Statesman he bequeathed to his country the sentiment, 'Millions for defence not a cent for tribute.'"

_Charles Cotesworth Pinckney born, 1746_

February Twenty-Sixth

IN THE PETERSBURG TRENCHES

Winter poured down its snows and its sleets upon Lee's shelterless men in the trenches. Some of them burrowed into the earth. Most of them shivered over the feeble fires, kept burning along the lines. Scanty and thin were the garments of these heroes. Most of them were clad in mere rags. Gaunt famine oppressed them every hour. One quarter of a pound of bacon and a little meal was the daily portion assigned to each man by the rules of the War Department. But even this allowance failed when the railroads broke down and left the bacon and the flour piled up beside the tracks in Georgia and the Carolinas. One sixth of this daily ration was the allotment for a considerable time, and very often the supply of bacon failed entirely....

HENRY A. WHITE

February Twenty-Seventh

We follow where the Swamp Fox guides, We leave the swamp and cypress-tree, Our spurs are in our coursers' sides, And ready for the strife are we. The Tory camp is now in sight, And there he cowers within his den; He hears our shouts, he dreads the fight, He fears, and flies from Marion's men. WILLIAM GILMORE SIMMS

_Francis Marion dies, 1795_

_Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge, N. C., 1776_

February Twenty-Eighth

The war began, the war went on--this politicians' conspiracy, this slaveholders' rebellion, as it was variously called by those who sought its source, now in the disappointed ambition of the Southern leaders, now in the desperate determination of a slaveholding oligarchy to perpetuate their power, and to secure forever their proprietorship in their "human chattels." On this theory the mass of the Southern people were but puppets in the hands of political wirepullers, or blind followers of hectoring "patricians." To those who know the Southern people nothing can be more absurd; to those who know their personal independence, to those who know the deep interest which they have always taken in politics, the keen intelligence with which they have always followed the questions of the day.

BASIL L. GILDERSLEEVE

February Twenty-Ninth

THE LAND WHERE WE WERE DREAMING

Fair were our nation's visions, and as grand As ever floated out of fancy-land; Children were we in simple faith, But god-like children, whom nor death, Nor threat of danger drove from honor's path-- In the land where we were dreaming!

* * * * *

A figure came among us as we slept-- At first he knelt, then slowly rose and wept; Then gathering up a thousand spears, He swept across the fields of Mars, Then bowed farewell, and walked behind the stars, From the land where we were dreaming!

* * * * *

As wakes the soldier when the alarum calls-- As wakes the mother when her infant falls-- As starts the traveler when around His sleepy couch the fire-bells sound-- So woke our nation with a single bound-- In the land where we were dreaming! DANIEL BEDINGER LUCAS

March

I hear the bluebird's quaint soliloquy,-- A hesitating note upon the breeze, Blown faintly from the tops of distant trees, As though he were not sure that Spring is nigh, But fed his hopes with bursts of melody. I would I had a spirit-harp to seize The bolder tenor of his rhapsodies When apple-blossoms swing against the sky. On every dark or blust'ring wintry day That airy harp the bluebird's lilt should play; And as I held my sighs and paused to hear, The wand'ring message, with its full-fed cheer And ripe contentment, to my life should bring The essence and fruition of the Spring. DANSKE DANDRIDGE

March First

In the deep heart of every forest tree The blood is all aglee, And there's a look about the leafless bowers As if they dreamed of flowers. HENRY TIMROD

March Second

At a garden party in Washington not long ago a Justice of the Supreme Court said in response to some question I put: "It would take the pen of a Zola to describe reconstruction in Louisiana. It is so dark a chapter in our national history. I do not like to think of it. A Zola might base a great novel on that life and death struggle between politicians and races in the land of cotton and sugar plantations, the swamps and bayous of the mighty Mississippi, where the Carpet-Bag Government had a standing army, of blacks, chiefly, and a navy of warships going up and down waterways."

MYRTA LOCKETT AVARY

_Reconstruction Act put into effect in Louisiana, 1866_

_Texas declares itself independent, 1836_

March Third

Women, the most refined, the noblest and best cultured in the land, left their homes, took up their residences adjacent to hospitals and became Florence Nightingales, daughters of the Red Cross, for all who needed care or comfort. It is reproachfully said by alien writers that the Southern women are more "unreconstructed rebels" than the men. It is certainly true that they did as much as the men in winning the battles, and they are now foremost in building monuments and preserving the records of immortal deeds.

J. L. M. CURRY

_First general convention of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, at Nashville, 1895_

March Fourth

Stephens' bodily infirmity did not sour his temper. On the contrary, it developed his capacity for human sympathy and strengthened his desire to help others to reach the happiness he seemed unable to secure for himself. After prosperity came to him, his works of philanthropy were constant and countless. He was lavish of hospitality and gave to all who asked such pity and sympathy as only a tried and travailing spirit could feel.

LOUIS PENDLETON

_Alexander H. Stephens dies, 1883_

March Fifth

From childhood I have nursed a faith In bluebirds' songs and winds of Spring; They tell me after frost and death There comes a time of blossoming; And after snow and cutting sleet, The cold, stern mood of Nature yields To tender warmth, when bare pink feet Of children press her greening fields. JAMES MAURICE THOMPSON

March Sixth

It is the spirit of the Alamo that moved above the Texas soldiers as they charged like demigods through a thousand battlefields, and it is the spirit of the Alamo that whispers from their graves held in every State of the Union, ennobling their dust, their soil, that was crimson with their blood.

HENRY W. GRADY

_Fall of the Alamo, 1836_

March Seventh

The opening of the University of Virginia was an event of prime importance for the higher education in the whole country, and really marks a new era. In the South this university completely dominated the situation down to the war and for some time afterwards, being the model for most that was best in the colleges everywhere, setting the standards to which they aspired, and being the source of constant stimulus and inspiration.

CHARLES F. SMITH (_University of Wisconsin_)

_University of Virginia opened, 1825_

March Eighth

BROOKE'S "VIRGINIA," THE FIRST OF IRONCLADS; 10 GUNS VERSUS 268