Part 13

You judged right with regard to my writing. I had written twice since your letter announcing _The Pamphleteer_, and was anxiously waiting yours. Your letter gave me pleasure; and I was indeed in want of some just then, for I was in agitation for my parting from Lord Byron. We have parted, finding that our tempers did not agree. He proposed it, and it was settled. There was no immediate cause, but a continued series of slight quarrels. I believe the fault, if any, has been on my part; I am not accustomed to have a master, and therefore my conduct was not free and easy. I found on settling accounts that I had 70 napoleons; I therefore determined to walk over Italy, and (seeing the medical establishments) see if there proves a good opportunity to settle myself, so that I hope I am still off your hands for nine months: perhaps Lady Westmorland, who is at Rome, is desirous of having an English physician for longer, I having a letter for her from Mme. de Staël. I shall write to-day to Vaccà and Zio [uncle] for letters to Milan to physicians, in your name; and at present, till I think they and my trunks can have arrived, will wander amongst the Alps,—in which course I am now at Thun, almost in the centre. I have seen Mont Blanc and its glaciers, and will see the Jungfrau, Grindelwald, and Grimsel. Then I will go by the Simplon to Milan, whither direct to me poste-restante, only putting my Giovanni etc. names in full, as there are Polidoris there.[42] I am in good health and spirits; I hope this won't hurt yours, for assure yourself I will do all I can not to allow you to feel any inconvenience on my account.

Remember me to my mother, who I know will feel deeply this disappointment; to Mary,[43] Fanny, and Charlotte, to Signor Deagostini and Signor De Ocheda, and to all.

If you could get me letters of introduction, they would be of great use. In the meanwhile, my dear father, believe me

Your affectionate son,

JOHN POLIDORI.

JOHN POLIDORI TO GAETANO POLIDORI—TRANSLATION.

Arezzo, _November 14, 1816_.

DEAR FATHER,

I fear you must be in much anxiety at not having heard from me for so long; but the reason was that I did not wish to write before having seen my uncle—to whom I went the day before yesterday, and who received me with great affection and pleasure. I wrote to him from Thun. Thence I went to Grindelwald and Lauterbrunner; thence to Interlachen, and, by the Lake of Brientz, to Meyringen; by the Grimsel in the Valais to Obergasteln; thence to Brieg; and then by the Simplon down to Farinoli in the Borromean Islands. Thence I embarked to Sestri Calende; thence to Milan—where, meeting the poet Monti, Lord Byron, Monsignor de Brême, and others of my acquaintance, I remained some weeks. Thence I went to Florence, by Bologna, Modena, Parma, and Piacenza, and crossing the Apennines. In Florence I stayed two days, and saw Cavalier Pontelli, Abate Fontani, Dr. Frosini, and others. Thence I went on foot to Arezzo, where I found my uncle, my aunt, Pippo, and Teresa, all well; and they received me with great cordiality into their house, where I now am.

Seeing, by your letter to my uncle, in how much trouble you are on my account, I have determined, after learning whether Lady Westmorland will employ me or no—if yes, to go to Rome; if no, to go straight from Leghorn to London, to the bosom of my family. I shall soon hear from Lady Westmorland, as Lady Jersey undertook, at the instance of Monsignor de Brême, to ask her mother whether she wants me or not, and she is now in Florence, _en route_ for Rome. In case she should tell me yes, I shall at once go to Rome: but meanwhile I don't proceed any farther than Arezzo. If she says no, I shall be off to Leghorn, and return to London.

I wish that in your next letter you would send me enough money, in a bill on Florence, for paying the passage from Leghorn to London, for the chance of my not having enough remaining....

When I see you again I shall have much to tell you about, but will not put it into a letter. Suffice it that I have found that what you told me about Italy is but too true. I am in good health....

Your affectionate son,

JOHN POLIDORI.

[To this letter the uncle Luigi Polidori added something. One point regarding Lord Byron is of a certain interest.]

I became indignant at some references [made by John Polidori] to the strange conduct of that Lord with whom he was travelling: but _he_ kept his temper well—I envy him for that. All these people are hard: Sævus enim ferme sensus communis in illâ fortunâ.—Patience!

* * * * *

[My father, about the date of this ensuing letter, met Mrs. Shelley several times, and he liked her well. He did not think her good-looking: indeed I have heard him say "Era brutta" (she was ugly).—The letter is written in fairly idiomatic, but by no means faultless, Italian.—I am not aware whether Gaetano Polidori supplied Mrs. Shelley with information, such as she asked for, for her Biography of Alfieri: perhaps a minute inspection of the book might show.—_Cleopatra_, acted in 1775, was Alfieri's first attempt at tragedy.]

Harrow, _April 20, 1835_.

COURTEOUS SIGNOR ROSSETTI,

Thank you so much for your amiable reply, and the interest you show in the undertaking of a pen but too unworthy of those great names which give so much lustre to your country. Meanwhile I am about to make a farther request: but am afraid of showing myself troublesome, and beg you to tell me your opinion sincerely. I should not like to seem to take impertinent liberties; and, if my idea appears to you impracticable, don't say anything about it to any one.

I am informed that your Father-in-law the celebrated Polidori can relate many interesting circumstances regarding Alfieri. The Life which I am writing will be printed in _Dr. Lardner's Cyclopædia_: therefore it is very short, running perhaps to 70 pages—not more. Thus, if I could introduce some details not yet known but worthy of publication, I should be very pleased indeed. I don't know whether Polidori would be willing to give me such details. For example, I should like to know whether Alfieri was really so melancholy and taciturn as is said by Sir John Hobhouse in his work, _Illustrations to the Fourth Canto of Childe Harold_; whether he gave signs of attachment to his friends, and whether he was warmly loved by them in return. Some anecdotes would be welcomed by me; also some information about the Countess of Albany. There is an affectation of silence, as to all that relates to her, in whatever has yet been written concerning Alfieri. But, now that she is dead, this is no longer necessary. Were they married? If not, nothing need be said about it; but, if they were, it would be well to affirm as much.

I shall be in London next Sunday, and shall be staying there several days. But I am in a quarter so distant from yours (7 Upper Eaton Street, Grosvenor Place) that it would be indiscreet to ask for a visit from you—and much more indiscreet to say that, if Signor Polidori would visit me, he could perhaps tell me some little things more easily than by writing. As the Tuscans say, "Lascio far a lei."[44] You will do whatever is most fitting, and will give me a reply at your convenience.

Repeating the thanks so much due to your kindness, believe me

Your much obliged servant,

M. W. P. SHELLEY.

I hear that Alfieri was intimate with Guiccioli of Ravenna, the latter being then quite young; and they had a joint idea and project (which did not turn out manageable) of establishing a national theatre in Italy. Possibly Signor Polidori knows about this. Is there any historical work containing particulars about the closing years of the royal husband of the Countess of Albany? I don't know, and am in the dark. He (is it not so?) was the last of the Stuarts, except his brother the Cardinal of York.

Oh what trouble I am giving you to reply! Really I now feel more than ashamed of it. But you are so kind. And, besides, the grammar of this letter must be like Alfieri's _Cleopatra_.

Footnotes.

Footnote 1:

The word, as written by Charlotte Polidori, seems to be "dole" rather than anything else. It looks as if she had copied the form of Dr. Polidori's word without understanding what it was. I substitute "door," but this is done _faute de mieux_.

Footnote 2:

Such is the word written by Charlotte Polidori. I fancy it ought to be "late."

Footnote 3:

Only an initial is written, "M": but I suppose "Master"—_i.e._ Michael Wohlgemuth—is meant.

Footnote 4:

It seems rather odd that Polidori should make this jotting, "and (not) towns." Perhaps he aimed to controvert the phrase, "scattered cities crowning these," in Byron's poem quoted further on.

Footnote 5:

These are the precise words as they stand in Charlotte Polidori's transcript. It is to be presumed that Dr. Polidori wrote them some while after May 13, 1816.

Footnote 6:

I don't understand "Mayor" in this context: should it be "Mylor"?

Footnote 7:

No name is given: should it be Shelley? Another Englishman who was in this locality towards the same date was Robert Southey.

Footnote 8:

I don't think there was any such stone-pelting in Geneva: it took place elsewhere in Switzerland.

Footnote 9:

The word written is perpanism, or possibly perhanism. Is there any such word, medical or other? Should it perchance be pyrrhonism?

Footnote 10:

The "ghost-story" which Polidori _published_ was _The Vampyre_: see p. 128 as to his having begun in the first instance some different story.

Footnote 11:

Word obscurely written.

Footnote 12:

"Blind" appears to be the word written. It seems an odd expression—meaning, I suppose, "to blind (mislead or puzzle) the auditors."

Footnote 13:

This, again, is not clear to me: something in the nature of a game of forfeits may be indicated.

Footnote 14:

So written: should it be "Bingwen" or something of the kind?

Footnote 15:

The word "society" is perfectly clear in Charlotte Polidori's transcript. From the context, I question whether it ought not to be "Shakespear." As to "the criticism of Johnson" on Gray in the _Lives of the Poets_, many of my readers will recollect that this criticism is somewhat adverse, Gray being treated as a rather nebulous writer.

Footnote 16:

Seems rather an odd phrase, but I suppose correctly transcribed.

Footnote 17:

A name is written here, but so obscurely that I leave it out. It somewhat resembles "Neravois," or "the ravois."

Footnote 18:

Should this be "glaciers"?

Footnote 19:

This name is illegibly written: I can only suppose that it must be meant for Brieg.

Footnote 20:

"I don't understand."

Footnote 21:

"It's an old affair."

Footnote 22:

Coffee with milk, grapes, and figs.

Footnote 23:

Orgoglio is pride; disinganno is undeceiving, disillusion.

Footnote 24:

There is a word following "Rè," evidently the title of the play which was acted. It looks something like "Amondre," but cannot be read.

Footnote 25:

The word is more like Crabule than anything else: I don't understand it.

Footnote 26:

Presumably some English book, but I know not what.

Footnote 27:

I think the name would correctly be Marchese di Negro: my father had some correspondence, towards 1850, with the then Marchese of that family.

Footnote 28:

This essay was on the Punishment of Death.

Footnote 29:

The word written is "his"; but the context shows that this must be a mistake.

Footnote 30:

_i.e._ Artemisia, who built the mausoleum of Halicarnassus.

Footnote 31:

The speeches run thus: (_a_) Look at that man, with his cap on his head. (_b_) Would you do me the favour of taking off your hat, so that I may see? (_c_) Would you wish for it? (_d_) Yes, I wish it. In Italian, this last phrase has an imperative tone, "I will it."—It may be added that the Austrian's phrase "Lo vorreste?" was itself not civil: the civil form would have been "Lo vorrebbe ella?"

Footnote 32:

"To be sold."

Footnote 33:

These words form (I _suppose_) the answer of the Italian officer—_i.e._ he would side with either party indifferently.

Footnote 34:

I presume that the word should be "presented": the writing looks like "pented."

Footnote 35:

"What? A servant of the sovereign? There are porters."

Footnote 36:

I suppose that Pontelli was a person who had been more or less known to Dr. Polidori's father before the latter left Italy in 1787, and that the father had given his son some letter of introduction or the like. Or possibly the introduction came from some acquaintance in Geneva or in Milan.

Footnote 37:

The name of Santa Croce is not in the MS.: but it ought to be, as this is the church containing the sepulchral monuments of Galileo, etc.

Footnote 38:

"Was third amid so much intellect." The phrase is adapted from a line in Dante's _Inferno_.

Footnote 39:

Rather (it must be understood) to _Signora_ Vaccà.

Footnote 40:

Ruffiano does not correspond to our word "ruffian," but to "pimp" or "go-between."

Footnote 41:

No doubt this intention was not carried into effect.

Footnote 42:

These Polidoris were not (so far as I know) members of the same family as John Polidori.

Footnote 43:

This was Dr. Polidori's elder sister, Maria Margaret, who in my time was invariably called "Margaret" in the family.

Footnote 44:

"I leave the question to you."

INDEX OF NAMES

A

_Agnese_ (drama), 196

Aix-la-Chapelle, 74

Albany, Countess of, 199-202

Alfieri, Count, 200, 219-222

Andreini, 170

—— _Adamo_, by, 170

Antwerp, 46-51, 54, 55

Arezzo, 202, 218

Arrow, Eliza, 31

Avenches, 93, 94, 96

B

Bâle, 90, 91

Battice, 73, 74, 213

Beauharnais, Prince Eugène, 175

Berger, 31, 108, 110, 135

Berne, 92

Beyle, Henri, 173, 177, 190, 192

—— _Reminiscences of Napoleon_, by, 177

Bologna, 194, 195

Bonn, 80

Bonnet, Charles, 97

Bonstetten, C. V. de, 105, 132, 137, 147, 148

Borsieri, 173, 174, 177, 186

—— _Il Giorno_, by, 177

Breadalbane, Lord, 139, 145

Brelaz, Madame, 139, 143-146, 152, 153, 155, 168, 182

Brême, Cavalier de, 171, 173, 177

—— de (or Brema), Monsignor, 139, 147, 170, 172-177, 182, 183, 187-189, 191, 193, 198, 218

Brême, de (or Brema), Monsignor _Ina_, by, 176

Breuss, Countess, 12, 13, 17, 134, 141-143, 152

Bridgens, R., 3

—— _Costumes of Italy, etc._, by, 3

Brieg, 160-163

Broglie, Duc Victor de, 137, 138

—— Duchesse Victor de, 137-9, 146

Bruges, 35

Brussels, 57-59, 61, 68, 211

Bubna, 173, 187-189, 193

—— Junior, 189

Byron, Lady, 26

—— Lord, 1, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 25, 28, 33, 40, 44, 51-53, 62, 67, 68, 70, 71, 74, 88, 89, 97-105, 107, 111, 112, 117-120, 123-126, 128, 132, 133, 135-140, 146, 147, 152, 158, 170, 173, 174, 179-181, 186-188, 190-193, 209-211, 213, 215, 218, 219

—— —— _Childe Harold_, by, 25, 66, 67, 71, 80, 83, 84, 87, 94, 95, 212

—— —— _Churchill's Grave_, by, 28, 29

—— —— _Letters and Journals of_, 101, 133

—— —— _The Vampyre_ (fragment), by, 14-17, 125

—— —— _To Princess Charlotte_ by, 112

C

Caluro, 176, 177

Campagne Chapuis, 117

Canterbury, 26

Caravella, 140

Carlsruhe, 88, 90

Carnot, 46, 55

Castan, 136

Casti, Abate, 70

—— Novelle by, 70, 71

Chamounix, 151

Charles Edward, Prince, 199, 222

Charles V, 37, 90

Chillon, 153

Churchill, Rev. Charles, 27, 30

Clairmont, Clare, 99-103, 107, 108, 124-126, 133-135

Clemann, Harriet, 146

—— Madame, 139, 143, 146

Coblentz, 83, 85

Colburn, Henry, 13, 14, 18, 20

Coleridge, S. T., 113

—— _Christabel_, by, 126, 128, 129

—— _Fire, Famine, and Slaughter_, by, 113, 115

Cologne, 76-80

Cologny, 98

Conyngham, Lord, 149, 150

Copeland, Thomas, 7

Coppet, 141

Corsi, 206

_Courier, The_, 23, 112

Cowper, Lord, 173, 174

Curran, J. P., 117

D

Dacosta, 69

Davies, Scrope B., 25, 151, 152, 213

Deagostini, John A., 6, 7

Domo d'Ossola, 165

Dover, 27, 31

Dowden, Professor, 118

—— _Life of Shelley_, by, 118, 119, 124-126, 132

Drachenfels, the, 81

Dumont, Etienne, 104, 139, 147

E

Ehrenbreitstein, 85

Einard, Madame, 105, 106

Evans, Rev. Mr., 145

F

Fabre, 200

_Fantasmagoriana_, 125

Finch, Colonel, 173, 174, 180

Fletcher, William, 31

Florence, 197, 203, 218

Floris, Franz, 50

—— _Angels and Devils_, by, 50, 56

Folchi, Signorina, 205

Francis, Emperor, 183

Freiburg (Baden), 90

G

Galilei, Galileo, 180

Garnett, Dr., 8, 172

—— _Dictionary of National Biography_, article in, 8, 11

Gatelier, Abate, 139, 141

—— Madame, 13, 141

Geneva, 98, 104, 106, 141, 149

Genthoud, 141

Ghent, 37-39, 41, 42, 48

Gianni, 179

Glenorchy, Lord, 140, 145

Godwin, William, 107, 113-115, 131

Gordon, Mrs., 71

—— Pryse L., 47, 66, 69-71

Gori, 202, 203

Gray, Thomas, 106, 147, 148

Grove, Harriet, 113

Guasco, 173, 174, 177, 193

Guiccioli, Count, 221

Guilford, Lord (Francis), 10, 209

Guttannen, 138, 139

H

Hamilton, Lady Dalrymple, 140

Helmhoft, Miss, 80

Hentsch, 105, 107

Hervey, Mrs., 147

Hobhouse, Sir J. Cam, 25, 28, 140, 151, 158, 173, 174, 180, 186-188, 193, 209, 213, 220

Hoche, General, 82, 84

Hogg, T. Jefferson, 130

Horner, Francis, 209

Hougoumont, 63-65

Howard, Colonel, 64, 66, 213

Hunt, Leigh, 131

Hunter, Sir C., 89

I

Isella, 164

Isola Bella, 166

Italy, 10

J

Jacquet, Madlle., 145

Jersey, Countess of, 181, 218

—— Earl of, 173, 174

Jordaens, 52

—— _St. Apollonia_, by, 52

Julia Alpinula, 94, 95

K

Kaft, 78, 79

Kalf, 77

Kauffman, Angelica, 127

Keats, John, 174

Keswick, 131

Kinnoul, Lord, 149

Kruger, 40

—— _Judgment of Solomon_, by, 40

L

Lac, Château du, 57, 69, 70

Lake Leman, 98, 99

Lausanne, 96

Lecchini, 197, 201, 205

Leghorn, 208

Leigh, Hon. Mrs., 51, 140

—— Medora, 140

Lewis, Matthew G., 125, 140, 141

Liège, 72

Lloyd, 140, 150, 173, 181, 182, 193, 204

Locatelli, Dr., 173, 181

Louvain, 72

M

Malines, 55, 57

Mannheim, 88

Marceau, General, 83-85

Marschner, 24

—— _The Vampyre_, opera, by, 24

Martineau, Harriett, 3

Massey, Junior, 143-145

—— Mr., 144

Mastrani, Countess, 207

Mayence, 86, 87

Medwin, Captain, 7

—— _Conversations with Byron_, by, 7

—— _Life of Shelley_, by, 186, 206

Metsys, Quintin, 50

Milan, 167-171, 173, 182, 183, 190, 193, 217

Milton, John, 99, 170

Modena, 194, 196

Monti, Signora, 178

Monti, Vincenzo, 171-174, 178, 183, 191, 218

—— Homer translated, by, 178

Moore, Thomas, 118

—— _Life of Byron_, by, 118, 123

Morat, 92-94

_Morning Chronicle, The_, 13, 14, 17, 18, 22

Murat, King Joachim, 148

Murray, John, 8, 9, 20, 21, 44, 212

N

Napoleon I., 47, 54, 55, 63-65, 69, 70, 82, 86, 127, 173, 177, 204

National Portrait Gallery, 3

Negri, Marchese, 173, 174, 178, 179

Nelli, 180

_New Monthly Magazine, The_, 13, 15, 18, 19

_New Times, The_, 4

North, Frederick, 181

Norwich, 3

O

Odier, Dr., 118, 119, 133, 151

Odier, Madlle., 122, 132

Onesti, Signora, 203

Ostend, 32, 34

P

Pachiani, Abate, 206, 207

Peacock, T. L., 131

Pellico, Silvio, 191

Pictet de Sergy, 104, 105, 140

Pisa, 192, 205, 209

Polidori, Agostino A., 205

—— —— _Osteologia_, by, 205

—— Charlotte, 11, 32, 103

—— Dr. John W., 2

—— —— _Cajetan_, by, 30, 44, 123

Polidori, Dr. John W., _Costumes of Italy, etc._, by, 3

—— —— _Ernestus Berchtold_, by, 2, 19, 22, 23, 127-129

—— —— _Oneirodynia_, by, 120

—— —— _Punishment of Death_, by, 180, 215

—— —— _The Vampyre_, by, 2, 11-18, 20-23, 125, 126

—— —— _Ximenes_, by, 2, 124

—— Gaetano, 2, 5, 9, 155, 170, 197, 200, 204, 205, 219-221

—— Luigi, 155, 202, 218, 219

—— Signora, 202

Pollent, 41

Pontelli, Cavalier, 197-199, 201, 203, 205, 218

Porro, 172, 173

Potocka, Countess, 125, 126

—— memoirs of, 127

Pradt, Abbé de, 56

R

Raphael, 182

—— _Lo Sposalizio_, by, 182, 183

Reed, Charlotte, 5-7

Régnier, Grand Duke, 164, 171

Rembrandt, 70, 81

Rhine, the, 80, 82, 86, 108

Rocca, 137, 139, 146

—— Judge, 137, 147

Roche, Dr. de, 101, 104

Rogers, Samuel, 111, 112

Rossetti, Frances, 209

—— Gabriele, 209, 219

—— Wm. M., 10

—— —— _Memoir of Shelley_, by, 10

Rossi, 105, 122, 132, 133, 139, 148, 149

Rousseau, 106

Rubens, 39, 51

Rubens, _Adoration of Magi_, by, 53

—— _Assembly of Saints_, by, 51

—— _Crucifixion_, by, 52

—— _Descent from the Cross_, by, 52, 53

—— _Martyrdom of St. Peter_, by, 78

—— _St. George, etc._, by, 51

—— _St. Roch and the Plague-stricken_, by, 39

—— _Visitation_, by, 53

Rushton, Robert, 31, 152

Ryan, Major, 130

S

Saint Aubyn, Sir John, 140, 151

—— Tillotson, 140, 151

Saint Gothard, Mount, 158, 159

Saladin, Alexis, 144

—— Auguste, 144, 146

—— Charles, 142, 144

—— Madlle., 144, 147

—— Mathilde, 144

—— of Vaugeron, 134-136, 139, 143

Saladins of Maligny, 140, 145

Saporati, Marchese, 134, 149

Saussure, Nicholas T., 139, 145

Scala, Teatro della, 169, 171, 174

Scheldt, the, 46

Schlegel, August W. von, 137, 139, 146

Scott, Sir Walter, 70

Sécheron, 99, 100, 103

Severn, Joseph, 181

Sgricci, 183-186

—— _Artemisia_, by, 184

—— _Eteocle e Polinice_, by, 184

—— _Ettore_, by, 185, 186

Shakespear, 147, 148

Shelley, Harriet, 109, 128, 130

—— Mary, 12, 23, 99-102, 106-108, 110, 113, 116, 118, 123-128, 133-135, 209, 219

—— —— _Frankenstein_, by, 19, 125, 126

—— —— _Memoir of Alfieri_, by, 219, 220

—— Percy B., 1, 3, 98-102, 104, 106-110, 112-118, 120-133, 135, 136, 138, 185, 186, 204

—— —— _Epipsychidion_, by, 206

—— —— _Poetical Essay_, etc., by, 110

—— —— _Queen Mab_, by, 107

—— —— _Zastrozzi_, by, 109

—— William, 116

Sherwood and Neely, 16, 22

Simplon, the, 163

Slaney, Mr., 149

—— Mrs., 122, 140, 149

Soane, John, 81, 212

—— Mrs., 212

Somers, Mr., 141, 150, 204

Staël, Madame de, 137, 139, 146, 152, 216

Swarrow, 172, 173, 183, 188

T

Tasso, 116, 119

Teniers, David, 40

—— _Temptation of St. Anthony_, by, 40

Thun, 154, 155

—— Lake of, 154

Tintoretto, 79

Toffettheim, 143

Toffettheim, Madame, 139, 143

_Traveller, The_ (magazine), 4

Trevanion, Mr., 140

—— Mrs., 140

U

Unterwalden, 161, 162

V

Vaccà, Antonio, 155, 204-206, 208

—— Leopoldo, 204

—— Madame, 206

Valence, 150

Vandyck, 41, 51, 53

—— _Crucifixion_, by, 41, 53

Van Eyck, 40

Villa Diodati, Cologny, 98-100, 110, 111, 120, 121, 125

Viviani, Conte, 192

Viviani, Emilia, 206

W

Wallraf, Professor, 78

Wallraf-Richartz Museum, 78

Ward, John W. (Lord Dudley), 111

Waterloo, 62-64, 213, 214

Watts, Mr., 18, 20

Wellington, Duke of, 68, 69

Westmorland, Countess of, 181, 216, 218

Wildman, Colonel, 68

Wordsworth, Wm., 28

Wotheron, Mr., 173, 174, 180, 181

Wraxall, Sir Nathaniel, 67, 68

_Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, London and Bungay_

Transcriber's Note

The original spelling and punctuation have been retained.

Variations in hyphenation and compound words have been preserved.

Italicized words and phrases in the text version are presented by surrounding the text with underscores.