Chapter 1

This eBook was produced by Marjorie Fulton.

THE DIARY AND LETTERS OF MADAME D'ARBLAY (FRANCES BURNEY.)

WITH NOTES BY W. C. WARD, AND PREFACED BY LORD MACAULAY'S ESSAY.

IN THREE VOLUMES.

VOL. 2. (1787-1792.)

WITH AN ENGRAVING OF GEORGE III., QUEEN CHARLOTTE, AND THEIR FAMILY.

LONDON: VIZETELLY & CO., 16, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1891.

PRINTED BY J. S. VIRTUE & COMPANY, LONDON, CITY ROAD.

10. (1787) COURT DUTIES AT ST. JAMES'S AND WINDSOR --9-48

The Queen's Birthday Drawing Room--A Serious Dilemma--Counsels of a Court Official--Mr. Turbulent's Anxiety to Introduce Mr. Wellbred--Colonel Wellbred is received at Tea--Eccentric Mr. Bryant--Mr. Turbulent in a New Character--Bantering a Princess- -Mr. Turbulent meets with a Rebuff--A Surprise at the Play--The King's Birthday--The Equerries: Colonel Manners--The Duchess de Polignac at Windsor--Colonel Manners' Musical Accomplishments- -Mrs. Schwellenberg's "Lump of Leather"--Mrs. Schwellenberg's Frogs--Mr. Turbulent's Antics.

11 (1787-8) COURT DUTIES: SOME VARIATIONS IN THEIR ROUTINE--49-85

Meeting of the two Princes--Bunbury, the Caricaturist--Mrs. Siddons proves disappointing on near acquaintance--Mr. Fairly's Bereavement--Troublesome Mr. Turbulent--A Conceited Parson--Mr. Turbulent becomes a Nuisance--Dr. Herschel and his Sister--Gay and Entertaining Mr. Bunbury--The Prince of Wales at Windsor again--False Rumours of Miss Burney's Resignation--Tyrannical Mrs. Schwellenberg--Mrs. Schwellenberg's Capriciousness--New Year's Day--Chatty Mr. Bryant again--Dr. Johnson's Letters to Mrs. Thrale discussed--A Pair of Paragons--Mr. Turbulent's Self Condemnation--Miss Burney among her Old Friends--Some Trivial Court Incidents.

12 (1788) THE TRIAL OF WARREN HASTINGS--86-153

Westminster Hall at the opening of the Hastings Trial--Warren Hastings appears at the Bar--The Lord Chancellor's Speech--The Reading of the Charges commenced--An Old Acquaintance--William Windham, Esq., M.P.--Windham inveighs against Warren Hastings- -Miss Burney Battles for the Accused--A Wearied M.P.--Mr. Crutchley reappears--Mr. Windham discusses the Impeachment- -Windham affects to commiserate Hastings--Miss Burney is again present at Hastings's Trial--Burke's Speech in support of the Charges--Further Conversation with Mr. Windham--Miss Fuzilier likely to become Mrs. Fairly--The Hastings Trial again: Mr. Fox in a Rage--Mrs. Crewe, Mr. Burke and Mr. Windham--Miss Burney's Unbiassed Sentiments--Burke and Sheridan meet with Cold Receptions--At Windsor again--Death of Mrs. Delany--The

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Hastings Trial and Mr. Windham again--"The Queen is so kind"-- Personal Resemblance between Windham and Hastings--Death of Young Lady Mulgrave--Again at Windsor--Another Meeting with Mr. Crutchley--Mr. Turbulent's troublesome Pleasantries--Colonel Fairly and Second Attachments.

13. (1788) ROYAL VISIT TO CHELTENHAM--154--219

The Royal Party and their Suite--Loyalty not Damped by the Rain- -Arrival at Fauconberg Hall--The Tea-Table Difficulty--A t`ete-`a-t`ete wit" Colonel Fairly--The King's Gentlemen and the Queen's Ladies--Royalty Crowded at Fauconberg Hall--At the wells--Conversation and Flirtation with Colonel Fairly--Miss Burney meets an old Friend--Colonel Fairly again--A Visit to miss Palmer--"Original Love Letters"--The Founder of Sunday Schools criticised--On the Walks--An Unexpected Visitor-- Courts and Court Life--The Vindictive Baretti--speculations upon Colonel Fairly's Re-marrying--Colonel Fairly again presents Himself--The Colonel and the "Original Love Letters"--The Gout and the Love Letters again--A Dinner with Colonel Fairly and Miss Planta--Royal Concern for the Colonel's Gout--young Republicans Converted--The Princes' Animal Spirits--The Duke of York: Royal Visit to the Theatre--An uncourtly visitor--Mr. Fairly reads "Akenside" to Miss Burney--The Doctor's Embarrassment--From Grave to Gay--A Visit to Worcester--The Queen and Mr. Fairly--Mr. Fairly Moralizes--Major Price is tired of Retirement--The Return to Windsor--At Windsor again: The Canon and Mrs. Schwellenberg-- Compliments from a famous Foreign Astronomer--The Prince eyes miss Burney curiously--Colonel manners's Beating--mr. Fairly is Discussed by his Brother Equerries--Baron Trenck: Mr. Turbulent's Raillery--Amiable Mrs. Schwellenberg again--A Royal Joke--Colonel Goldsworthy's Breach of Etiquette--Illness of Mrs. Schwellenberg- -General Grenville's Regiment at Drill.

14. (1788-9) THE KING'S ILLNESS--220-299

Uncertain State of the King's Health--The King complains of Want of Sleep--Distress of the Queen--First Outburst of the King's Delirium--An Anxious Night--The King's Delirious Condition-The King refuses to see Dr. Warren--The Queen's anxiety to hear Dr. Warren's opinion--The Queen removes to more distant Apartments--A Visit from Mr. Fairly--The King's Night Watchers--A Change in Miss Burney's Duties--Mr. Fairly Succeeds in Soothing the King--New Arrangements--The Princess Augusta's Birthday-- Strange Behaviour of the First Gentleman in Europe--Stringent New Regulations--Mrs. Schwellenberg is back again--Public Prayers for the King decided upon--Sir Lucas Pepys On the King's Condition- Further Changes at the Lodge--Mr. Fairly and the Learned Ladies-- Reports on the King's Condition--Mr. Fairly thinks the King

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needs Stricter Management--Mr. Fairly wants a Change--Removal of the King to Kew determined upon--A Privy Council held--The Removal to Kew--A Mysterious Visitor--The King's Arrival--The Arrangements at Kew Palace--A Regency hinted at--Mr. Fairly's Kind Offices--Mrs. Schwellenberg's Parlour--A new Physician Summoned--Mrs. Schwellenberg's Opinion of Mr. Fairly--The King's varying Condition--Dr. Willis and his Son--Learning in Women--The Queen and Mr. Fairly's Visits-A Melancholy Birthday--Mr. Fairly on Fans--Mr. Fairly continues his Visits: the Queen again Remarks upon them--The Search for Mr. Fairly--Miss Burney's Alarm on being chased by the King--A Royal Salute and Royal Confidences-- Curiosity regarding Miss Burney's meeting with the King--The Regency Bill--Infinitely Licentious!--Miss Burney is taxed with Visiting Gentlemen--Improvement in the King's Health--Mr. Fairly and Mr. Windham--The King continues to improve--The King's Health is completely Restored.

15. (1789) THE KING'S RECOVERY: ROYAL VISIT TO WEYMOUTH--300-333

The King's Reappearance--An Airing and its Consequences-- Illuminations on the King's Recovery--Mr. Fairly on Miss Burney's Duties--A Visit from Miss Fuzilier--A Command from Her Majesty- -Colonel Manners mystifies Mrs. Schwellenberg--The Sailor Prince--Loyal Reception of the King in the New Forest--The Royal journey to Weymouth--Welcome to Weymouth--The Royal Plunge with Musical honours--"You must Kneel, Sir!"--Royal doings in and about Weymouth--A Patient Audience--A Fatiguing but Pleasant Day--Lulworth Castle--The Royal Party at the Assembly Rooms--A journey to Exeter and Saltram--May "One" come in?--An Excursion to Plymouth Dockyard--A Visit to a Seventy-four--A Day at Mount Edgecumbe--Mr. Fairly on a Court Life--A Brief Sojourn at Longleat--Tottenham Court: Return to Windsor.

16. (1789-90) MR. FAIRLY'S MARRIAGE: THE HASTINGS TRIAL--334-365

Rumours of Mr. Fairly's impending Marriage--A Royal Visit to the Theatre: jammed in the Crowd--In the Manager's Box--Mr. Fairly's Marriage imminent--Court Duties discussed--Mr. Fairly's Strange Wedding--Renewal of the Hastings Trial: A Political Impromptu--An Illbred Earl of Chesterfield--Miss Burney in a New Capacity--The long-forgotten Tragedy: Miss Burnei again as Reader--Colonel Manners in his Senatorial Capacity--A Conversation with Mr. Windham at the Hastings Trial--A Glimpse of Mrs. Piozzi--Captain Burney wants a Ship to go to Court--Captain Burney and Mr. Windham--Mr. Windham speaks on a Legal Point--An Emphatic Peroration-An Aptitude for Logic and for Greek--More Talk with Mr. Windham.

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17. (1790-1) MISS BURNEY RESIGNS HER PLACE AT COURT--366-409

A Melancholy Confession--Captain Burney's Laconic Letter and Interview--Burke's Speech on the French Revolution--An Awkward Meeting--A New Visit from Mrs. Fairly--One Tragedy Finished and Another Commenced--Miss Burney's Resignation Memorial--Mr. Windham Intervenes--An Amusing Interview with Mr. Boswell--Ill, Unsettled, and Unhappy--A Medical Opinion on Miss Burney's Condition--Miss Burney breaks the Matter to the Queen--The Memorial and Explanatory Note--The Keeper of the Robes' Consternation--Leave of Absence is Suggested--A Royal Gift to the Master of the Horse--Conferences with the Queen--Miss Burney determines on Seclusion--The Hastings Trial Resumed: The Accused makes his Defence--Mr. Windham is Congratulated on his Silence-- Miss Burney makes her Report--Prince William insists on the King's Health being Drunk--The Queen's Health--The Procession to the Ball-room: Absence of the Princes--Boswell's Life of johnson--The Close of Miss Burney's Court Duties--Miss Burney's Successor: A Pension from the Queen--Leavetakings--Farewell to Kew--The Final Parting.

18. (1791-2) REGAINED LIBERTY--410-468

Released from Duty--A Western journey: Farnham Castle--A Party of French Fugitives--Winchester Cathedral--Stonehenge, Wilton, and Milton Abbey--Lyme and Sidmouth--Sidmouth Loyalty--Powderham Castle and Collumpton Church--Glastonbury Abbey--Wells Cathedral--Bath Revisited--A Visit from Lady Spencer--Bath Sunday Schools--Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire--Bishop Percy--The Duchess of Devonshire again--Dr. Burney's Conversation with Mr. Burke: Remarks by Miss Burney--Literary Recreation--Sir Joshua Reynoldsls Blindness--Among Old Friends--A Summons from the Queen--Mr. Hastings's Defence--Diverse Views--Mr. Law's Speech Discussed--Mr. Windham on the French National Assembly--"A Barbarous Business!"--Death of Sir Joshua Reynolds--Mr. Windham twitted on his Lack of Compassion--A Point of Ceremonial--Mrs. Schwellenberg and Mlle. Jacobi--A Long Talk with the King and Queen--Madame de Genlis: a Woeful Change--The Weeping Beauty Again--Madame de la Fite and Mrs. Hastings--The Impetuous Orator- -Mimicry of Dr. Johnson--The King's Birthday--Mr. Hastings's Speech--A Well-preserved Beauty--The Burkes--Burke's Conversational Powers--A Wild Irish Girl--Erskine's Egotism-- Caen-wood---An Adventure with Mrs. Crewe--An Invitation from Arthur Young.

SECTION 10. (1787)

COURT DUTIES AT ST. JAMES'S AND WINDSOR.

THE QUEEN'S BIRTHDAY DRAWING ROOM.

January. Go back to the 16th, when I went to town, accompanied only by Mr. de Luc. I saw my dear father the next morning, who gave me a poem on the queen's birthday, to present. It was very pretty; but I felt very awkward in offering it to her, as it was from so near a relation, and without any particular reason or motive. Mr. Smelt came and stayed with me almost all the morning, and soothed and solaced me by his charming converse. The rest of the day was devoted to milliners, mantua-makers, and such artificers, and you may easily conjecture how great must be my fatigue. Nevertheless, when, in the midst of these wasteful toils, the Princess Augusta entered my room, and asked me, from the queen, if I should wish to see the ball the next day, I preferred running the risk of that new fatigue, to declining an honour so offered: especially as the Princess Augusta was herself to open the ball.

A chance question this night from the queen, whom I now again attended as usual, fortunately relieved me from my embarrassment about the poem. She inquired of me if my father was still writing? "A little," I answered, and the next morning, Thursday, the 18th, when the birth-day was kept, I found her all sweetness and serenity; mumbled out my own little compliment, which she received as graciously as if she had understood and heard it; and then,

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when she was dressed, I followed her through the great rooms, to get rid of the wardrobe woman, and there taking the poem from my pocket, I said "I told your majesty that my father had written a little!--and here--the little is!"

She took it from me with a smile and a curtsey, and I ran off. She never has named it since; but she has spoken of my father with much sweetness and complacency. The modest dignity of the queen, upon all subjects of panegyric, is truly royal and noble.

I had now, a second time, the ceremony of being entirely new dressed. I then went to St. James's, where the queen gave a very gracious approbation of my gewgaws, and called upon the king to bestow the same; which his constant goodhumour makes a matter of great ease to him.

The queen's dress, being for her own birthday, was extremely simple, the style of dress considered. The king was quite superb, and the Princesses Augusta and Elizabeth were ornamented with much brilliancy.

Not only the princess royal was missed at this exhibition, but also the Prince of Wales. He wrote, however, his congratulations to the queen, though the coldness then subsisting between him and his majesty occasioned his absence from Court. I fear it was severely felt by his royal mother, though she appeared composed and content.

The two princesses spoke very kind words, also, about my frippery on this festival; and Princess Augusta laid her positive commands upon me that I should change my gown before I went to the lord chamberlain's box, where only my head could be seen. The counsel proved as useful as the consideration was amiable.

When the queen was attired, the Duchess of Ancaster was admitted to the dressing room, where she stayed, in conversation with their majesties and the princesses, till it was time to summon the bed-chamber women. During this, I had the office of holding the queen's train. I knew, for me, it was a great honour, yet it made me feel, once more, so like a mute upon the stage, that I could scarce believe myself only performing my own real character.

Mrs. Stainforth and I had some time to stand upon the stairs before the opening of the doors. We joined Mrs. Fielding and her daughters, and all entered together, but the crowd parted us - they all ran on, and got in as they could, and I Page 11

remained alone by the door. They soon found me out, and made signs to me, which I saw not, and then they sent me messages that they had kept room for me just by them. I had received orders from the queen to go out at the end of the second country dance ; I thought, therefore, that as I now was seated by the door, I had better be content, and stay where I could make my exit in a moment, and without trouble or disturbance. A queer-looking old lady sat next me, and I spoke to her now and then, by way of seeming to belong to somebody. She did not appear to know whether it were advisable for her to answer me or not, seeing me alone, and with high head ornaments; but as I had no plan but to save appearances to the surrounders, I was perfectly satisfied that my very concise propositions should meet with yet more laconic replies.

Before we parted, however, finding me quiet and inoffensive, she became voluntarily sociable, and I felt so much at home, by being still in a part of the palace, that I needed nothing further than just so much notice as not to seem an object to be avoided.

The sight which called me to that spot perfectly answered all my expectations: the air, manner, and countenance of the queen, as she goes round the circle, are truly graceful and engaging: I thought I could understand, by the motion of her lips, and the expression of her face, even at the height and distance of the chamberlain's box, the gracious and pleasant speeches she made to all whom she approached. With my glass, you know, I can see just as other people see with the naked eye.

The princesses looked extremely lovely, and the whole Court was in the utmost splendour.

A SERIOUS DILEMMA.

At the appointed moment I slipped through the door, leaving my old lady utterly astonished at my sudden departure, and I passed, alone and quietly, to Mr. Rhamus's apartment, which was appropriated for the company to wait in. Here I desired a servant I met with to call my man: he was not to be found. I went down the stairs, and made them call him aloud, by my name; all to no purpose. Then the chairmen were called, but called also in vain!

What to do I knew not ; though I was still in a part of the Page 12

palace, it was separated by many courts, avenues, passages, and alleys, from the queen's or my own apartments- and though I had so lately passed them, I could not remember the way, nor at that late hour could I have walked, dressed as I then was, and the ground wet with recent rain, even if I had had a servant: I had therefore ordered the chair allotted me for these days; but chair and chairmen and footmen were alike out of the way.

My fright lest the queen should wait for me was very serious. I believe there are state apartments through which she passes, and therefore I had no chance to know when she retired from the ball-room. Yet could I not stir, and was forced to return to the room whence I came, in order to wait for John, that I might be out of the way of the cold winds which infested the hall.

I now found a young clergyman, standing by the fire. I suppose my anxiety was visible, for he instantly inquired if he could assist me. I declined his offer, but walked up and down, making frequent questions about my chair and John.

He then very civilly said, "You seem distressed, ma'am; would you permit me the honour to see for your chair, or, if it is not come, as you seem hurried, would you trust me to see you home?"

I thanked him, but could not accept his services. He was sorry, he said, that I refused him, but could not wonder, as he was a stranger. I made some apologising answer, and remained in that unpleasant situation till, at length, a hackneychair was procured me. My new acquaintance would take no denial to handing me to the chair. When I got in, I told the men to carry me to the palace.

"We are there now!" cried they; "what part of the palace?"

I was now in a distress the most extraordinary : I really knew not my own direction! I had always gone to my apartment in a chair, and had been carried by chairmen officially appointed; and, except that it was in St. James's palace, I knew nothing of my own situation.

"Near the park," I told them, and saw my new esquire look utterly amazed at me.

"Ma'am," said he, " half the palace is in the park."

"I don't know how to direct," cried I, in the greatest embarrassment, "but it is somewhere between Pall Mall and the park." Page 13

"I know where the lady lives well enough," cried one of the chairmen, "'tis in St. James's street."

"No, no," cried I, "'tis in St. James's palace."

"Up with the chair!" cried the other man, "I know best--'tis in South Audley-street; I know the lady well enough."

Think what a situation at the moment! I found they had both been drinking the queen's health till they knew not what they said and could with difficulty stand. Yet they lifted me up, and though I called in the most terrible fright to be let out, they carried me down the steps.

I now actually screamed for help, believing they would carry me off to South Audley-street; and now my good genius, who had waited patiently in the crowd, forcibly stopped the chairmen, who abused him violently, and opened the door himself, and I ran back to the hall.

You may imagine how earnestly I returned my thanks for this most seasonable assistance, without which I should almost have died with terror, for where they might have taken or dropped me, or how or where left me, who could say?

He begged me to go again upstairs, but my apprehension about the queen prevented me. I knew she was to have nobody but me, and that her jewels, though few, were to be intrusted back to the queen's house to no other hands. I must, I said, go, be it in what manner it might. All I could devise was to summon Mr. Rhamus, the page. I had never seen him, but my attendance upon the queen would be an apology for the application, and I determined to put myself under his immediate protection.

Mr. Rhamus was nowhere to be found ; he was already supposed to be gone to the queen's house, to wait the arrival of his majesty. This news redoubled my fear; and now my new acquaintance desired me to employ him in making inquiries for me as to the direction I wanted.

It was almost ridiculous, in the midst of my distress, to be thus at a loss for an address to myself! I felt averse to speaking my name amongst so many listeners, and only told him he would much oblige me by finding out a direction to Mrs. Haggerdorn's rooms. He went upstairs ; and returning, said he could now direct the chairmen, if I did not fear trusting them.

I did fear--I even shook with fear; yet my horror of disappointing the queen upon such a night prevailed over all my reluctance, and I ventured once more into the chair, thanking this excellent Samaritan, and begging him to give the direction very particularly.

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Imagine, however, my gratitude and my relief, when, instead of hearing the direction, I heard only these words, " Follow me." And then did this truly benevolent young man himself play the footman, in walking by the side of the chair till we came to an alley, when he bid them turn; but they answered him with an oath, and ran on with me, till the poles ran against a wall, for they had entered a passage in which there was no outlet! I would fain have got out, but they would not hear me; they would only pull the chair back, and go on another way. But my guardian angel told them to follow him, or not, at their peril ; and then walked before the chair.

We next came to a court where we were stopped by the sentinels. They said they had orders not to admit any hackney chairs. The chairmen vowed they would make way; I called out aloud to be set down; the sentinels said they would run their bayonets through the first man that attempted to dispute their orders. I then screamed out again to be set down, and my new and good friend peremptorily forced them to stop, and opening the door with violence, offered me his arm, saying, "You had better trust yourself with me, ma'am!"

Most thankfully I now accepted what so fruitlessly I had declined, and I held by his arm, and we walked on together, but neither of us knew whither, nor the right way from the wrong 1 It was really a terrible situation.

The chairmen followed us, clamorous for money, and full of abuse. They demanded half a crown - my companion refused to listen to such an imposition : my shaking hand could find no purse, and I begged him to pay them what they asked, that they might leave us. He did ; and when they were gone, I shook less, and was able to pay that one part of the debt I was now contracting.

We wandered about, heaven knows where, in a way the most alarming and horrible to myself imaginable: for I never knew where I was.--It was midnight. I concluded the queen waiting for me.--It was wet. My head was full dressed. I was under the care of a total stranger; and I knew not which side to take, wherever we came. Inquiries were vain. The sentinels alone were in sight, and they are so continually changed that they knew no more of Mrs. Haggerdorn than if she had never resided here.

At length I spied a door open, and I begged to enter it at a venture, for information. Fortunately a person stood in the passage who instantly spoke to me by my name; I never

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