The Development of Certain Tendencies in Modern Opera Thesis for the degree of Bachelor of Music
Part 4
3 11.6 14.21 30.2 11.6 14.39 5 30.1 21.3 9.73 17.27 21.6 2 14.35 25.73 30.30 19.50 10.2 3 26.85 15.27 11.87 33.13 12.88 3 32.92 23.5 23.82 3.163 18.71 3 23.6 18.68 18.62 15.91 23.19 2 15.91 30.13 31.43 29.31 1.582 3 4.17 6.53 .92 83.4 6.2 3 22.56 13.5 22.8 7.2 36.94 2 26 35.17 10.11 14.66 14.06 2 22.15 17.28 10.00 38.57 12.00 3 51.03 18.9 9.06 4.7 16.31 2 19.61 15.19 30.33 7.523 30.6 3 19.6 12.76 33.8 23.32 26.17 3 8.92 39.83 5.62 10.23 35.4 3 32.6 23.7 10.42 8.38 25.7 4 18.85 8.73 24.03 28.77 25.95 5 19.7 21.42 33.75 9.76 14.74 5 29.6 32.71 17 6.97 13.72 4 29.82 17.405 15.6 7.075 30.1 4 31.6 26.71 15.32 15.05 9.32 3 31.2 28.67 19.82 -- 10.31 3 35.6 25.43 19.71 4.3 15.07 1 31.6 12.3 11.9 12.56 31.64 2 15.77 40.2 11.97 9.18 19.88 4 36.31 25.83 19.78 8.33 9.75 3 36.2 25.47 18.1 14.91 15.38 3 33.6 16.86 38.40 5.54 5.6 4 25.6 23.97 20.32 15.6 15.51 2 33.4 12.87 24.85 4.75 10.03 3 32.4 33.96 15.42 2.93 15.29 1 19.89 46.2 31.62 .93 11.36 3 24.6 32.24 39.62 .07 3.51 1 22.41 50.19 23.04 4.36 --
TABLE II.
A B C D
Date. Name. Composer. No. of Characters.
1600 Rappresentatione de Anima Cavalieri 5 1675 King Arthur Purcell 13 1731 La Serva Padrona Pergolese 2 1762 Orfeus Gluck 3 1767 Alceste Gluck 8 1784 Le Domine Noir Auber 9 1787 Don Giovanni Mozart 8 1762 L'Amant Jaloux Gretry 7 1800 Les Deux Journees Cherubini 6 1805 Fidelio Beethoven 7 1816 The Barber of Seville Rossini 8 1821 Der Freischütz Weber 6 1831 La Somnambula Bellini 7 1832 Le Postilion Lonjuneaux Adam 7 1835 Lucia di Lammermoor Donizetti 7 1843 The Bohemian Girl Balfe 9 1847 Martha Flotow 10 1866 Mignon Thomas 8 1867 Romeo and Juliet Gounod 12 1874 Aida Verdi 6 1875 Carmen Bizet 10 1882 Parsifal Wagner 6 1887 Samson and Delilah Saint-Saens 8 1890 Cavalleria Rusticana Mascagni 5 1892 Il Pagliacci Leoncavello 5 1893 Le Cid Massenet 10 1894 Hansel and Gretel Humperdinck 7 1896 Cricket on the Hearth Goldmark 6 1900 Louise Charpentier 8 1904 Madame Butterfly Puccini 10 1905 Eugene Onegin Tschaikovski 10 1905 Salome Strauss 6 1913 L'Amour dei Tre Re Montemezzi 10 1914 Madeleine Herbert 5
NUMBER AND KIND OF CHARACTERS.
E F G H I J
No. of No. of Mezzo No. of No. of No. of No. of Soprano Soprano Alto Tenor Baritone Bass
2 -- -- 2 -- 1 7 -- -- 1 -- 5 1 -- -- -- -- 1 2 -- 1 -- -- -- 1 -- -- 2 -- 5 2 3 -- 1 -- 3 3 -- -- 1 1 3 3 -- -- 2 -- 1 1 -- -- 3 -- 2 2 -- -- 2 -- 3 1 -- 1 1 1 4 2 -- -- 1 1 4 2 1 -- 2 1 1 1 -- -- 4 -- 3 1 1 -- 3 1 1 3 -- -- 3 1 2 2 3 -- 2 -- 3 1 1 1 2 -- 3 2 1 -- 3 3 3 1 1 -- 2 -- 2 3 1 -- 2 1 3 1 -- -- 1 1 3 -- 1 -- 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 -- 1 -- -- 2 -- 2 2 -- -- 2 3 3 3 3 -- -- 1 -- 3 -- -- 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 -- 1 2 -- 2 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 2 -- 2 1 -- 3 1 -- 4 2 -- 1 1 -- 1 1 1
TABLE III.
A B C D
Date. Name. Composer. % of Entire Orchestration.
1600 Rappresentatione de Anima Cavalieri 14.39 1675 King Arthur Purcell 30.1 1731 La Serva Padrona Pergolese 14.35 1762 Orfeus Gluck 26.85 1767 Alceste Gluck 32.92 1784 Le Domine Noir Auber 23.6 1787 Don Giovanni Mozart 15.91 1762 L'Amant Jaloux Gretry 4.17 1800 Les Deux Journees Cherubini 22.56 1805 Fidelio Beethoven 26.00 1816 The Barber of Seville Rossini 22.15 1821 Der Freischütz Weber 51.03 1831 La Somnambula Bellini 19.61 1832 Le Postilion Lonjuneaux Adam 19.6 1835 Lucia di Lammermoor Donizetti 8.92 1843 The Bohemian Girl Balfe 32.6 1847 Martha Flotow 18.85 1866 Mignon Thomas 19.7 1867 Romeo and Juliet Gounod 29.6 1874 Aida Verdi 29.82 1875 Carmen Bizet 31.6 1882 Parsifal Wagner 31.2 1887 Samson and Delilah Saint-Saens 35.6 1890 Cavalleria Rusticana Mascagni 31.6 1892 Il Pagliacci Leoncavello 25.77 1893 Le Cid Massenet 36.31 1894 Hansel and Gretel Humperdinck 36.2 1896 Cricket on the Hearth Goldmark 33.6 1900 Louise Charpentier 25.6 1904 Madame Butterfly Puccini 33.4 1905 Eugene Onegin Tschaikovski 32.4 1905 Salome Strauss 19.89 1913 L'Amour dei Tre Re Montemezzi 24.6 1914 Madeleine Herbert 22.41
ORCHESTRATION.
E F G
% of Overture. % of Ballet. % of Interludes.
2.07 -- 12.32 5.21 3.34 21.55 2.45 -- 11.90 14.87 9.01 2.97 3.61 18.45 10.86 10.97 -- 13.6 7.39 -- 8.52 2.64 -- 1.97 16.95 1.41 4.5 7.4 -- 18.6 8.98 -- 13.17 21.09 3.27 26.67 3.35 -- 16.26 4.85 -- 14.85 2.33 1.45 5.14 16.25 10.32 5.09 1.293 -- 17.57 6.52 -- 13.2 2.45 3.97 22.14 6.42 10.53 12.87 4.5 9.2 17.9 5.1 -- 26.1 -- 17.42 18.18 21.72 .93 8.95 15.15 -- 10.62 3.4 5.6 27.31 16.5 -- 19.7 5.29 -- 28.31 4.75 -- 20.85 5.42 -- 28.00 3.52 9.65 19.33 -- 7.42 12.47 -- -- 24.6 -- -- 22.41
TABLE IV.
A B C D
Date. Name. Composer. % of entire solos.
1600 Rappresentatione de Anima Cavalieri 14.21 1675 King Arthur Purcell 21.3 1731 La Serva Padrona Pergolese 25.73 1762 Orfeus Gluck 15.27 1767 Alceste Gluck 23.5 1784 La Domine Noir Auber 18.68 1787 Don Giovanni Mozart 30.13 1762 L'Amant Jaloux Gretry 6.53 1800 Les Deux Journees Cherubini 13.5 1805 Fidelio Beethoven 35.17 1816 The Barber of Seville Rossini 17.28 1821 Der Freischütz Weber 18.9 1831 La Somnambula Bellini 15.19 1832 Le Postillon Lonjuneaux Adam 12.76 1835 Lucia di Lammermoor Donizetti 39.83 1843 The Bohemian Girl Balfe 23.7 1847 Martha Flotow 8.73 1866 Mignon Thomas 21.42 1867 Romeo and Juliet Gounod 32.71 1874 Aida Verdi 17.405 1875 Carmen Bizet 26.71 1882 Parsifal Wagner 28.67 1887 Samson and Delilah Saint-Saens 25.43 1890 Cavalleria Rusticana Mascagni 12.3 1892 Il Pagliacci Leoncavello 40.2 1893 Le Cid Massenet 25.83 1894 Hansel and Gretel Humperdinck 25.47 1896 Cricket on the Hearth Goldmark 16.86 1900 Louise Charpentier 23.97 1904 Madame Butterfly Puccini 12.87 1905 Eugene Onegin Tschaikovsky 33.96 1905 Salome Strauss 46.2 1913 L'Amour dei Tre Re Montemezzi 33.24 1914 Madeleine Herbert 50.19
SOLOS.
E F G H I J
% of % of % of % of % of % of Soprano. Mezzo Sop. Alto. Tenor. Baritone. Bass.
10.2 -- -- 2.6 -- 1.31 7.4 -- 4.061 4.62 -- 5.219 19.1 -- -- -- -- 6.63 6.52 -- 8.75 -- -- -- 14.8 -- -- 4.5 -- 33.6 14.92 -- -- .92 -- 2.84 15.02 -- -- 3.27 4.29 7.55 3.98 -- -- .95 -- 1.58 4.3 2.1 -- 5.72 -- 1.38 17.06 -- -- 14.32 -- 3.79 3.42 -- 6.68 3.813 1.52 1.847 8.76 -- -- 3.41 2.41 4.32 5.35 1.07 -- 4.53 2.25 1.99 2.67 -- -- 5.33 -- 4.76 13.6 4.5 -- 14.12 3.25 4.36 4.95 -- -- 7.86 6.24 5.25 4.53 .414 -- 2.81 -- .742 5.28 5.32 -- 6.71 4.11 -- 14.9 -- -- 7.36 3.51 6.94 5.69 5.03 -- 3.56 -- 3.125 9.87 -- .09 7.43 1.29 8.03 5.24 -- -- 6.59 9.62 7.22 6.00 6.27 -- 6.00 6.42 -- 6.24 -- -- 5.19 .87 -- 13.25 -- -- 13.9 13.07 -- 15.2 -- -- 5.31 1.4 3.92 5.63 12.59 -- -- 7.25 -- 10.16 -- -- 1.09 2.4 3.21 5.6 .27 3.8 9.41 4.89 -- 7.98 -- -- 3.96 .874 -- 10.42 2.37 .531 3.29 8.34 8.909 23.4 -- -- 15.27 3.5 4.03 5.32 -- -- 9.64 9.72 7.56 15.06 -- -- 10.5 8.39 16.23
TABLE V.
A B C D
Date. Name. Composer. Spoken text. Accom. Unaccom.
1600 Rappresentatione de Anima Cavalieri -- x 1675 King Arthur Purcell -- -- 1731 La Serva Padrona Pergolese -- -- 1762 Orfeus Gluck -- -- 1767 Alceste Gluck -- -- 1784 Le Domine Noir Auber -- -- 1787 Don Giovanni Mozart -- -- 1762 L'Amant Jaloux Gretry -- x 1800 Les Deux Jounees Cherubini -- -- 1805 Fidelio Beethoven -- x 1816 The Barber of Seville Rossini -- x 1821 Der Freischütz Weber x x 1831 La Somnambula Bellini -- -- 1832 Le Postilion de Longjuneaux Adam -- -- 1835 Lucia di Lammermoor Donizetti -- -- 1843 Bohemian Girl Balfe -- -- 1847 Martha Flotow -- -- 1866 Mignon Thomas -- x 1867 Romeo and Juliet Gounod -- -- 1874 Aida Verdi -- -- 1875 Carmen Bizet -- -- 1882 Parsifal Wagner -- -- 1887 Samson and Delilah Saint Saens -- -- 1890 Cavalleria Rusticana Mascagni -- -- 1893 Le Cid Massenet -- -- 1892 Il Pagliacci Leoncavello -- -- 1894 Hansel and Gretel Humperdinck -- -- 1896 Cricket on the Hearth Goldmark -- -- 1900 Louise Charpentier -- -- 1904 Madame Butterfly Puccini -- -- 1905 Eugene Onegin Tschaikovsky -- -- 1913 L'Amour dei Tre Re Montemezzi -- -- 1914 Madeleine Herbert -- --
RECITATIVE.
E F G H I J K
% % % % % % % Recit. Soprano. Mezzo Sop. Alto. Tenor. Baritone. Bass.
30.2 6.43 -- 13.21 9.27 -- 1.29 9.73 5.39 -- -- -- -- 4.34 30.30 20.58 -- -- -- -- 9.72 11.87 7.56 -- 4.315 -- -- -- 23.82 3.32 -- -- 2.95 -- 17.55 18.62 4.22 3.9 .3 1.77 -- 8.43 31.43 9.16 -- -- 5.53 7.47 9.27 .92 .11 -- -- .95 -- 1.58 22.8 6.9 -- 3.165 7.32 -- 5.415 10.11 4.31 -- -- 2.6 -- 3.3 10.00 2.66 -- .798 2.33 -- 4.2 9.06 2.27 -- -- 2.72 1.03 3.04 30.33 5.85 3.17 -- 4.78 22.2 4.33 33.80 25.71 -- -- 5.66 -- 2.43 5.62 .987 .06 -- 1.76 3.09 .703 10.42 3.26 -- -- 3.5 2.91 .75 24.03 7.45 5.02 -- 3.31 -- 8.25 -- 3.96 17.30 .725 6.36 -- 5.41 17.00 3.68 .97 -- 4.63 5.29 2.34 15.60 3.94 4.6 -- 5.82 -- 1.24 15.32 4.52 -- 1.06 5.31 2.06 8.03 19.82 3.7 .3 -- 3.92 7.59 4.31 19.71 -- 4.36 -- 4.3 5.1 17.95 11.9 2.3 1.47 4.538 1.29 2.357 -- 19.78 4.31 -- -- 2.29 5.53 7.65 11.97 4.63 -- -- 3.445 -- 4.89 18.1 6.4 7.35 -- -- 4.35 -- 38.40 10.42 -- -- 7.31 9.44 11.23 20.32 4.28 3.36 .43 6.19 6.14 -- 24.85 18.4 4.5 -- 1.2 3.2 1.6 15.42 2.33 2.47 1.09 2.96 1.17 5.4 21.62 6.39 1.6 1.4 11.27 -- .96 39.62 19.21 -- -- 10.43 1.5 8.48 23.04 12.27 6.02 -- 1.06 1.4 2.29
TABLE VI.
A B C D
Date. Name. Composer. % of Ensemble.
1600 Rappresentatione de Anima Cavalieri 11.6 1675 King Arthur Purcell 17.27 1731 La Serva Padrona Pergolese 19.50 1762 Orfeus Gluck 33.13 1767 Alceste Gluck 3.163 1784 Le Domine Noir Auber 15.91 1787 Don Giovanni Mozart 19.31 1762 L'Amant Jaloux Gretry 83.4 1800 Les Deux Journees Cherubini 7.2 1805 Fidelio Beethoven 14.06 1816 The Barber of Seville Rossini 38.57 1821 Der Freishutz Weber 4.7 1831 La Somnambula Bellini 7.523 1832 Le Postilion Lonjuneaux Adam 23.32 1835 Lucia di Lammermoor Donizetti 10.23 1843 The Bohemian Girl Balfe 8.38 1847 Martha Flotow 28.778 1866 Mignon Thomas 9.76 1867 Romeo and Juliet Gounod 6.97 1874 Aida Verdi 7.075 1875 Carmen Bizet 15.05 1882 Parsifal Wagner -- 1887 Samson and Delilah Saint Saens 4.3 1890 Cavalieria Rusticana Mascagni 12.56 1892 Il Pagliacci Leoncavello 9.18 1893 Le Cid Massenet 8.33 1894 Hansel and Gretel Humperdinck 5.54 1896 Cricket on the Hearth Goldmark 2.09 1900 Louise Charpentier 15.6 1904 Madame Butterfly Puccini 4.75 1905 Eugene Onegin Tschaikovsky 2.93 1905 Salome Strauss .93 1913 L'Amour dei Tre Re Montemezzi .07 1914 Madeleine Herbert 4.36
ENSEMBLE
E F G H I
% Duet. % Trio. % Quartet. % Quintet. % Sextet.