CHAPTER XX

Conclusion; the capture epoch-marking; alarm in Europe; disastrous results; upon Christian subjects and on Eastern Churches; demoralisation of both; poverty the principal result; degradation of Churches: two great services rendered by the Churches; results on Turks: powerless to assimilate conquered peoples or their civilisation 414

APPENDICES

I. Note on Romanus Gate and chief place of final assault 429 II. Where did the sea-fight of April 20, 1453, take place? 436 III. Note on transport of Mahomet’s ships. What was the route adopted? 443 IV. The influence of religion on Greeks and Moslems respectively 447

INDEX 459

ILLUSTRATIONS

APPROXIMATE RESTORATION OF THE LAND WALLS OF } THEODOSIUS THE SECOND BETWEEN THE GOLDEN AND } SECOND MILITARY GATES } _Between } pages_ 240–1 PRESENT CONDITION OF A PORTION OF THE LANDWARD } WALLS } _from photograph by M. Irenian of Constantinople_. }

MAHOMET THE CONQUEROR } _from painting by Bellini_. } _Between } pages_ 388–9 MAHOMET THE CONQUEROR } _from medallion by Bellini in the British Museum_. }

MAPS

MAP ILLUSTRATING PROGRESS OF TURKS DURING THIRTEENTH, FOURTEENTH, AND FIFTEENTH CENTURIES _Facing p._ 1

MAP OF BYZANTINE CONSTANTINOPLE 237

SKETCH MAP SHOWING THE DISPOSITION OF TURKISH TROOPS DURING THE LAST DAYS OF SIEGE; MAY 1453 335

DESTRUCTION OF THE GREEK EMPIRE