CHAPTER VII

MERCURY, THE MOON, AND VENUS 228

Fissures on Mercury. Lowell’s drawing. Centres of collapse. Absence of atmosphere. The climate on the Moon. W. Pickering’s belief in frost formations on the Moon. The mountains on the Moon. Volcanoes. Circular elevated rings. “Seas” on the Moon. The Crater “Linné.” “Sinuses” and “Streaks” on the Moon. The light matter of the streaks probably lava-scum. The colour of the Moon and of the Earth. Comparison between the Moon and Mars. Changes on the Moon. “Snow” and “Vegetation” on the Moon according to W. Pickering. The fate of Mars and of the Earth. Falling meteoric dust. The climate on Venus. Swamps like those of the carboniferous age. Abundant vegetation. Low organisms. “Culture” on Venus will proceed from the poles. The future of Venus. The claims of astrology in modern light. Tycho Brahe. The dreams of Giordano Bruno probably true.

ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE FIG. 1.--THE MILKY WAY 46 Photo by Easton.

FIG. 2.--PLANETARY NEBULA NO. 7009, NEW GENERAL CATALOGUE 52

FIG. 3.--NEBULA NO. 4594, NEW GENERAL CATALOGUE 66

FIG. 4.--NEBULA NO. 101 IN MESSIER’S CATALOGUE 70

FIG. 5.--NEBULA NO. 51 IN MESSIER’S CATALOGUE 71

FIG. 6.--MILKY WAY BETWEEN CASSIOPEIA AND SWAN 76 According to Wolf.

FIG. 7.--MILKY WAY IN EAGLE AND SAGITTARIUS 76 According to Wolf.

FIG. 8.--THE “TRIFID” HOLE IN EAGLE 77 According to Wolf.

FIG. 9.--TARIM RIVER WITH LAKES AND BAYIRS 96 According to Sven Hedin.

FIG. 10.--THE FORMER LAKE BONNEVILLE IN UTAH 106

FIG. 11.--JUPITER, 1909 122 According to F. le Coultre.

FIG. 12.--SATURN, 1909 123 According to F. le Coultre.

FIG. 13.--SPECTRA OF THE MAJOR PLANETS 124 According to V. M. Slipher.

FIG. 14.--VENUS OBSERVED BY LANGLEY IN 1882 136

FIG. 15.--ROCK FISSURE AT HANGO, SWEDEN 204 Photo by I. I. Sederholm.

FIG. 16.--EARTHQUAKE CENTERS IN CALABRIA 205 According to I. I. Sederholm.

FIG. 17.--MAPS OF MARS BY SCHIAPARELLI AND ANTONIADI _At the end_

FIG. 17a.--MAPS OF MARS BY SCHIAPARELLI AND ANTONIADI _At the end_

FIG. 18.--PHOTO OF MARS BY LAMPLAND 210

FIG. 19.--MARS ON APRIL 8, 1909 210 According to Quenisset.

FIG. 20.--THE SOUTH POLE SPOT ON MARS, 1909 210 According to Jarry Desloges.

FIG. 21.--SANDSTORM ON MARS, 1909 210 According to Antoniadi.

FIG. 22.--CLOUD ON EDGE OF MARS, THE 7TH OF MARCH, 1901 216 According to Molesworth.

FIG. 23.--MARS, JULY 11, 1907 216 According to Lowell.

FIG. 24.--MARS, OCTOBER 6, 1909 216 According to Antoniadi.

FIG. 25.--MERCURY 230 According to Lowell.

FIG. 26.--THE MOON NEAR THE CRATER TYCHO 230 Photo from Yerkes Observatory.

FIG. 27.--MARE SERENITATIS AND MARE TRANQUILLITATIS 231 Photo from Yerkes Observatory.

FIG. 28.--THE MOON NEAR ITS SOUTH POLE 240 Photo from Yerkes Observatory.

FIG. 29.--THE LUNAR CRATER COPERNICUS AND VICINITY 242 Photo from Yerkes Observatory.

The Destinies of the Stars