i. 259, 260;

eagerness of, in courtship, i. 272, 273; generally more modified than female, i. 272, 275; differ in the same way from females and young, i. 285.

MALE characters, developed in females, i. 280; transfer of, to female birds, ii. 193.

MALE, sedentary, of a hymenopterous parasite, i. 272.

MALEFACTORS, i. 172.

MALES, presence of rudimentary female organs in, i. 208.

MALES and females, comparative mortality of, while young, i. 264, 276; comparative numbers of, i. 261, 263.

MALHERBE, on the woodpeckers, ii. 174.

MALTHUS, T., on the rate of increase of population, i. 131, 132, 134.

MALURIDAE, nidification of the, ii. 169.

_Malurus_, young of, ii. 216.

MAMMAE, i. 254; rudimentary, in male mammals, i. 17, 30, 208, 209, 210; supernumerary, in women, i. 125; of male human subject, i. 130.

MAMMALIA, Prof. Owen's classification of, i. 187; genealogy of the, i. 203.

MAMMALS, secondary sexual characters of, ii. 239; weapons of, ii. 241; recent and tertiary, comparison of cranial capacity of, i. 146; relative size of the sexes of, ii. 260; pursuit of female, by the males, i. 272; parallelism of, with birds in secondary sexual characters, ii. 297; voices of, used especially during the breeding season, ii. 331.

MAN, variability of, i. 108; erroneously regarded as more domesticated than other animals, i. 111; definitive origin of, i. 235; migrations of, i. 135; wide distribution of, i. 137; causes of the nakedness of, i. 149; supposed physical inferiority of, i. 156; numerical proportions of the sexes in, i. 264; a member of the Catarrhine group, i. 198; early progenitors of, i. 206; secondary sexual characters of, ii. 316; primeval condition of, ii. 367.

MANDANS, correlation of colour and texture of hair in the, i. 248.

MANDIBLE, left, enlarged in the male of _Taphroderes distortus_, i. 344.

MANDIBLES, use of the, in _Ammophila_, i. 342; large, of _Corydalis cornutus_, i. 342; large, of male _Lucanus elaphus_, i. 342.

MANDRILL, number of caudal vertebrae in the, i. 150; colours of the male, ii. 292, 296, 310.

MANTEGAZZA, Prof., on the ornaments of savages, ii. 338 _et seqq._; on the beardlessness of the New Zealanders, ii. 349; on the exaggeration of natural characters by man, ii. 351.

MANTELL, W., on the engrossment of pretty girls by the New Zealand chiefs, ii. 369.

_Mantis_, pugnacity of species of, i. 360.

MARCUS Aurelius, on the origin of the moral sense, i. 71; on the influence of habitual thoughts, i. 101.

_Mareca penelope_, ii. 114.

MARKS, retained throughout groups of birds, ii. 131.

MARRIAGE, influence of, upon morals, i. 96; restraints upon, among savages, i. 133; influence of, on mortality, i. 175; development of, ii. 361.

MARRIAGES, communal, ii. 358, 360; early, i. 174, 175.

MARSHALL, Mr., on the brain of a Bushwoman, i. 216.

MARSUPIALS, i. 202; possession of nipples by, i. 209; their origin from Monotremata, i. 213; uterus of, i. 122; development of the nictitating membrane in, i. 23; abdominal sacks of, i. 254; relative size of the sexes of, ii. 260; colours of, ii. 286.

MARSUPIUM, rudimentary, in male marsupials, i. 208.

MARTIN, W. C. L., on alarm manifested by an orang at the sight of a turtle, i. 43; on the hair in _Hylobates_, i. 194; on a female American deer, ii. 258; on the voice of _Hylobates agilis_, ii. 277; on _Semnopithecus nemaeus_, ii. 312.

MARTIN, on the beards of the inhabitants of St. Kilda, ii. 321.

MARTINS deserting their young, i. 84.

MARTINS, C., on death caused by inflammation of the vermiform appendage, i. 28.

MASTOID processes in man and apes, i. 143.

MAUDSLEY, Dr., on the influence of the sense of smell in man, i. 24; on Laura Bridgman, i. 58; on the development of the vocal organs, i. 59.

MAYERS, W. F., on the domestication of the goldfish in China, ii. 17.

MAYHEW, E., on the affection between individuals of different sexes in the dog, ii. 270.

MAYNARD, C. J., on the sexes of _Chrysemys picta_, ii. 28.

MECKEL, on correlated variation of the muscles of the arm and leg, i. 130.

MEDICINES, effect produced by, the same in man and in monkeys, i. 12.

_Medusae_, bright colours of some, i. 322.

MEGALITHIC structures, prevalence of, i. 233.

_Megalophrys montana_, sexual differences in, ii. 26, 27.

_Megapicus validus_, sexual difference of colour in, ii. 174.

_Megasoma_, large size of males of, i. 347.

MEIGS, Dr. A., on variation in the skulls of the natives of America, i. 108.

MEINECKE, on the numerical proportion of the sexes in butterflies, i. 309.

MELIPHAGIDAE, Australian, nidification of, ii. 169.

_Melita_, secondary sexual characters of, i. 331.

_Meloe_, difference of colour in the sexes of a species of, i. 367.

MEMORY, manifestations of, in animals, i. 45.

MEMNON, young, i. 217.

MENTAL characters, difference of, in different races of men, i. 216.

MENTAL faculties, variation of, in the same species, i. 36, 110; diversity of, in the same race of men, i. 109; inheritance of, i. 110; similarity of the, in different races of man, i. 232; of birds, ii. 108.

MENTAL powers, difference of, in the two sexes in man, ii. 326.

_Menura Alberti_, ii. 102; song of, ii. 55.

_Menura superba_, ii. 101, 102; long tails of both sexes of, ii. 164.

MERGANSER, trachea of the male, ii. 60.

_Mergus cucullatus_, speculum of, i. 291.

_Mergus merganser_, young of, ii. 189.

_Merganser serrator_, male plumage of, ii. 85.

_Metallura_, splendid tail-feathers of, ii. 152.

_Methoca ichneumonides_, large male of, i. 347.

MEVES, M., on the drumming of the snipe, ii. 63.

MEXICANS, civilisation of the, not foreign, i. 183.

MEYER, on a convoluted body at the extremity of the tail in a _Macacus_ and a cat, i. 30.

MEYER, Dr. A., on the copulation of phryganidae of distinct species, i. 342.

MIGRATIONS of man, effects of, i. 135.

MIGRATORY instinct of birds, i. 79; vanquishing the maternal, i. 83, 90.

MILL, J. S., on the origin of the moral sense, i. 71; on the "greatest happiness principle," i. 97; on the difference of the mental powers in the sexes of man, ii. 328.

MILLIPEDES, i. 339.

MILNE-EDWARDS, H., on the use of the enlarged chela of the male _Gelasimus_, i. 331.

_Milvago leucurus_, sexes and young of, ii. 205.

MIMICKRY, i. 411.

_Mimus polyglottus_, ii. 109.

MIND, difference of, in man and the highest animals, i. 104; similarity of the, in different races, i. 232.

MINNOW, proportion of the sexes in the, i. 308, 309.

MINNOWS, spawning habits of, ii. 15.

MIRROR, larks attracted by, ii. 112.

MIVART, St. George, on the reduction of organs, i. 18; on the ears of the lemuroidea, i. 23; on variability of the muscles in lemuroidea, i. 128, 136; on the caudal vertebrae of monkeys, i. 150; on the classification of the primates, i. 196; on the orang and on man, i. 197; on differences in the lemuroidea, i. 198; on the crest of the male newt, ii. 24.

MOCKING-THRUSH, partial migration of, ii. 109; young of the, ii. 219.

MODIFICATIONS, unserviceable, i. 153.

MOLES, numerical proportion of the sexes in, i. 305; battles of male, ii. 239.

_Mollienesia petenensis_, sexual difference in, ii. 9.

MOLLUSCA, beautiful colours and shapes of, i. 326; absence of secondary sexual characters in the, i. 324.

MOLLUSCOIDA, i. 205, 324.

_Monacanthus scopas_ and _M. Peronii_, sexual differences in, ii. 12.

MONGOLIANS, perfection of the senses in, i. 119.

MONKEY, protecting his keeper from a baboon, i. 78, 87; bonnet-, i. 192; rhesus, sexual difference in colour of the, ii. 293, 310; moustache-, colours of the, ii. 291.

MONKEYS, liability of, to the same diseases as man, i. 11; male, recognition of women by, i. 13; revenge taken by, i. 40; maternal affection in, i. 40; variability of the faculty of attention in, i. 44; using stones and sticks, i. 51; imitative faculties of, i. 56; signal-cries of, i. 57; sentinels posted by, i. 74; diversity of the mental faculties in, i. 110; mutual kindnesses of, i. 75; hands of the, i. 139, 140; breaking hard fruits with stones, i. 140; basal caudal vertebrae of, imbedded in the body, i. 151; human characters of, i. 191; gradation of species of, i. 227; beards of, ii. 283; ornamental characters of, ii. 306; analogy of sexual differences of, with those of man, ii. 318; different degrees of difference in the sexes of, ii. 323; expression of emotions by, ii. 336; generally monogamous habits of, ii. 361; polygamous habits of some, ii. 362; naked surfaces of, ii. 376; American, manifestation of reason in, i. 47; American, direction of the hair on the arms of some, i. 192.

MONOGAMY, not primitive, i. 182.

MONOGENISTS, i. 228.

_Mononychus pseudacori_, stridulation of, i. 382.

MONOTREMATA, i. 202; development of the nictitating membrane in, i. 23; lactiferous glands of, i. 209; connecting mammals with reptiles, i. 213.

MONSTROSITIES, analogous, in man and lower animals, i. 113; caused by arrest of development, i. 121; correlation of, i. 130; transmission of, i. 224.

MONTAGU, G., on the habits of the black and red grouse, i. 269; on the pugnacity of the ruff, ii. 41; on the singing of birds, ii. 52; on the double moult of the male pintail, ii. 84.

MONTEIRO, Mr., on _Bucorax abyssinicus_, ii. 72.

MONTES DE OCA, M., on the pugnacity of male Humming-birds, ii. 40.

_Monticola cyanea_, ii. 172.

MONUMENTS, as traces of extinct tribes, i. 237.

MOOSE, battles of, ii. 240; horns of the, an incumbrance, ii. 259.

MORAL and instinctive impulses, alliance of, i. 88.

MORAL faculties, their influence on natural selection in man, i. 158.

MORAL rules, distinction between the higher and lower, i. 100.

MORAL sense, origin of the, i. 102; so-called, derived from the social instincts, i. 97, 98.

MORAL tendencies, inheritance of, i. 102.

MORALITY, supposed to be founded in selfishness, i. 97; test of, the general welfare of the community, i. 98; gradual rise of, i. 103; influence of a high standard of, i. 166.

MORGAN, L. H., on the Beaver, i. 37; on the reasoning powers of the Beaver, i. 46; on the forcible capture of wives, i. 182; on the castoreum of the beaver, ii. 279; marriage unknown in primeval times, ii. 359; on Polyandry, ii. 365.

MORRIS, F. O., on hawks feeding an orphan nestling, ii. 107.

MORTALITY, comparative, of females and males, i. 264, 276, 302.

MORTON, on the number of species of man, i. 226.

_Moschus moschiferus_, odoriferous organs of, ii. 280.

_Motacillae_, Indian, young of, ii. 190.

MOTHS, i. 394; absence of mouth in some male, i. 254; apterous female, i. 255; male, prehensile use of the tarsi by, i. 256; male, attracted by females, i. 311; coloration of, i. 397; sexual differences of colour in, i. 398.

MOTMOT, racket-shaped feathers in the tail of a, ii. 73.

MOULT, double, ii. 181; double annual, in birds, ii. 80.

MOULTING of birds, ii. 214.

MOULTS, partial, ii. 83.

MOUSTACHE-MONKEY, colours of the, ii. 291, 311.

MOUSTACHES, in monkeys, i. 192.

MUD-TURTLE, long claws of the male, ii. 28.

MULATTOES, persistent fertility of, i. 221; immunity of, from yellow fever, i. 243.

MULE, sterility and strong vitality of the, i. 221.

MULES, rational, i. 48.

MUELLER, Ferd., on the Mexicans and Peruvians, i. 183.

MUELLER, Fritz, on astomatous males of _Tanais_, i. 255; on the disappearance of spots and stripes in adult mammals, ii. 305; on the proportions of the sexes in some Crustacea, i. 315; on secondary sexual characters in various Crustaceans, i. 328 _et seqq._; on the luminous larva of a beetle, i. 345; musical contest between male _Cicadae_, i. 351; on the sexual maturity of young amphipod Crustacea, ii. 215.

MUELLER, J., on the nictitating membrane and semilunar fold, i. 23.

MUELLER, Max, on the origin of language, i. 56; struggle for life among the words, &c., of languages, i. 60.

MUELLER, S., on the Banteng, ii. 290; on the colours of _Semnopithecus chrysomelas_, ii. 291.

MUNTJAC-DEER, weapons of the, ii. 257.

MURIE, J., on the reduction of organs, i. 18; on the ears of the Lemuroidea, i. 23; on variability of the muscles in the Lemuroidea, i. 128, 136; basal caudal vertebrae of _Macacus inornatus_ imbedded in the body,