Chapter XVII. A Catalogue Of The Laws Against Catholics Made By Queen

Elizabeth And Confirmed By This King, And Of Others Added By Himself.

It hath ever been one point of policy in the Government of England, since the beginning of persecution there, to hide the same from the knowledge of the world, and from being judged to be such by other kingdoms round about them, as much as could be possible. To this end they have ever sent and maintained their instruments in other countries to(542) maintain that opinion in men’s minds. To this effect often advices have been(543) sent into all Princes’ Courts by letters, which their friends and favourers there should publish and procure to be believed. For this cause, when any Catholic Princes’ Ambassadors have come into England, there hath been cunning wits ever employed to resort unto them and possess them with a different conceit from that which is and hath been the true state of Catholics in England. And if they were such as come with intention to labour for the help or ease of Catholics in any sort, then, perhaps, for a time there should be some cessation, or else some hope or half promises given, of toleration, or mitigation at least, in that matter. And that which they could not hide from being seen, they would at least cover, and keep from being known to be persecution for cause of religion. And, therefore, both in their laws at home, and letters of information sent abroad, would invest the same with other names, as of treason, and offences against the State; when nothing less than disobedience to the civil government was found in Catholics, nor any subjects in the realm more faithful, or loving, or obedient to their Prince in all things which were not against their faith or religion. Yet did the politics ever with printed books endeavour to prove that all was but the execution of justice against traitors and persons disobedient to the State. But herein they follow the platform of the first enemies and persecutors of Christ and His Church; and we the example of our Master, suffering as He did, for that which we neither preach nor practise, nor can be proved against us. Although they cry out never so loud, “Invenimus hos subvertentes gentem nostram,”(544) because we desire to draw them to their ancient faith and profession of the same: “et prohibentes tributum dari Cæsari,”(545) because we will not grant the supremacy in ecclesiastical matters which he affecteth, (for as for other corporal tributes, none are so ready as Catholics to pay all duties): “et dicentes se Christum et regem habere(546) alium,”(547) because we say and profess that the Pope is Christ His Vicegerent on earth and governeth His spiritual Kingdom, and we His children and subjects in this spiritual government.(548)

Therefore, although they cry out never so much that this is “contradicere Cæsari,”(549) and that whosoever doth favour this cause is not “amicus Cæsaris;”(550) yea, though they cry, “Crucifige, crucifige,”(551) against us, and lay the heavy cross of persecution upon our shoulders for this cause, we must and will have patience, because it is Christ His cause and quarrel, and not as they affirm, and would have the world believe, that we suffer for matter of State, or for stubbornness and disobedience to(552) the King or civil government.

And that the truth may herein the better appear, I will now, according to my former promise, set down a Catalogue of the laws that are made and stand in force against Catholics in England, which being carefully considered by the discreet and pious reader, I will ask no other judge than himself, either touching the greatness or the cause of persecution in England, for I know he will both see and say much contrary to that which the politic heretics in our country and their favourers in other places have given out, and would gladly have to be believed.

And albeit there be many severe and rigorous laws and statutes in force against Catholics at this day in England, that were made by King Henry the Eighth after his revolt from the Church of Rome, as also in(553) the Governors of King Edward the Sixth, under whom religion was first altered and the sects of Zuinglius and Calvin were brought into our country: which laws and statutes, being repealed by the Princes of pious memory, King Philip and Queen Mary, were revived again and established by the authority of other Parliaments under Queen Elizabeth and the same confirmed, as hath been said, by His Majesty that now is: yet do I not think it necessary to set down(554) in this place any other statutes than such as were made and allowed by these two latter Princes, which comprehend all the other, with many additions and aggravations besides. And in citing them, I will use as near as I can the very words themselves of the statutes, as they are in print.

First, then, Queen Elizabeth, coming to the crown in the year of Christ 1558, she called a Parliament soon after, in the said first year of her reign, wherein she repealed all the good statutes and laws which her sister, Queen Mary, had made in favour of Catholic religion, conform to the laws of all her ancestors, Kings of England, from the first Christian King until that time, except the latter end of her father’s reign, King Henry the Eighth, and the minority of her brother, King Edward the Sixth, whose laws in favour of schism and sectaries(555) Queen Elizabeth revived, adding many of her own, which after do ensue.

And first of all, she meaning to break principally with the See of Rome, as well in regard of her nativity, which the said See held not for legitimate, as of the favour borne by the said See to Queen Mary of France and Scotland, mother to our King that now is, then living and reigning in prosperity, and much envied and suspected by the other; it was enacted that every Englishman, of what state, degree, or condition soever, whensoever he taketh any office, dignity, ecclesiastical benefice, or holy orders, any degree of school, university, profession, or other promotion temporal or spiritual, shall take a corporal oath upon the Evangelist protesting and swearing that he doth utterly testify and declare in his conscience that the Queen is Supreme Head of the Church of England and not the Pope; and that neither he nor the See of Rome had any ecclesiastical jurisdiction, power, superiority, or pre-eminence over that Church, nor ought to have. So help him God.(556) _Stat. an° 1° Elizab. cap. 1°._

And moreover, that whosoever shall refuse to take and make this oath, being required thereunto, shall for the first time of denial, not only be disabled of the foresaid preferments, offices, degrees, and dignities whatsoever, but also lose and forfeit all his goods and lands to the said Queen, and suffer perpetual imprisonment as in case of _præmunire_. And for the second time, if he persist three months in the same after the first tender, and will not take and pronounce the same oath in form aforesaid, then he shall forfeit, lose, and suffer death, and other like pains, forfeitures, judgments, and executions as is used in cases of high treason. _Ibid. et an° 5° cap. 1°._ This treason you may see was only against the state of heresy and schism, not against the State of Queen or Commonwealth.

And then yet further. Whosoever shall by writing, printing, preaching, or teaching, by express words, deed, or act (for so are the words of the statute), advisedly and directly affirm, hold, set forth, maintain or defend the authority, power, or jurisdiction spiritual or ecclesiastical of the Bishop of Rome, or his See, heretofore claimed or used within the realm of England, or of any other dominion or country thereunto belonging; for his first offence he shall forfeit and lose all his goods and chattels, as well real as personal: and for the second offence, besides the loss of goods and lands, he shall be cast into perpetual prison: and for the third time (if again he offend in defending the said Pope’s authority), he shall suffer the pains of death, and other penalties, forfeitures, and losses appointed in the cases of high treason. _An° 1° Eliz. cap. 3° et an° 5° cit°._

And then for conclusion. Whosoever shall be aiders or abettors to any such offenders, assisting or comforting them to set forth and extol the said power and ecclesiastical authority of the Bishop of Rome, or to refuse the foresaid oath in form before set down, and shall be lawfully convicted thereof; they shall for the first time lose all their goods and lands, and for the second be condemned to perpetual prison as in the statute of provision or _præmunire. An° 5° Eliz. cap. 1°._

And these punishments were afterwards more increased by another Act of the same Queen, in the fifth year of her reign, where it was ordained that all aiders, counsellers, and comforters(557) in this case should for the second time suffer the pains of death, and other forfeitures and losses of their goods, lands, honours, and nobility, as in cases of high treason. _An° 5° cap. 1°._

It was ordained in like manner, for preventing of the Catholic education of all English youths, that no person shall take upon him to be a schoolmaster or teacher of children, either in public schools or private houses, except he first take the said oath against the Pope’s spiritual authority, and that he believe the supreme authority of the Queen in all causes ecclesiastical. _Ibid._

Moreover, it is enacted by authority of the said Parliament that all clergymen shall leave and abandon from this time forward the old Roman use of Latin service, Mass, and administration of other Sacraments, and shall betake themselves to say or sing the same in English in all churches and chapels, and to administer the Sacraments after the manner, rites, and fashion which is set down and prescribed in a new book of Common Prayer set forth for the purpose, and he that shall refuse to do so, or shall use any other rite or form of service or Sacraments than is therein appointed, shall for his first default be committed to prison for six months and lose the fruits of all his ecclesiastical living for a whole year, and for the second offence shall lose all his living for ever and lie in prison a year, and for the third time shall be condemned to perpetual prison all the time of his life. _An° 1° Eliz. cap. 2°._ Here you may see what it is they intend when they urge Catholics to come to their churches and service, and that it is no act of temporal duty or obedience in civil matters which they require (as they will sometimes pretend, to make us thought disobedient and stubborn), but a renunciation of our old and the only true religion and a conformity to their new doctrine. This is the thing which we refuse, and for which they call us recusants, and for which they punish us by many and severe penalties, as shall appear by those that follow.

And conform to this it was also decreed that if any layman that hath no ecclesiastical livings shall be present at any other sort of service than the aforesaid appointed in the common book of prayer, as, for example, at Mass or Roman service, or shall receive any other sacraments, or after other manner, form, or ceremony than is there prescribed, he shall, for the first time of his so offending, forfeit an hundred marks of lawful English money unto the Queen, for the second four hundred marks, and for the third shall lie in prison all days of his life. And if he refuse to come to the church he shall pay xiid. for every Sunday and holiday wherein he faileth. _Anno 1° et 5° Eliz. cap. 2°._

These laws made Queen Elizabeth in the first five years of her reign. But afterwards, growing more angry with Catholics and Catholic religion, but especially with the See of Rome for the sentence of Pius Vtus against her, she added many bloody laws more, in the thirteenth year of her reign. As, for example, that if any man shall bring into England or into any of the dominions thereunto belonging, from the Pope of Rome or from any man that hath authority from him, any Bull, writing, instrument, or authority to absolve or reconcile any person, or to promise any such absolution or reconciliation by speech, preaching, teaching, writing, or any other open deed, that then all and every such act or acts, offence or offences, shall be deemed and adjudged by the authority of this Act to be high treason. And as well the offenders as the procurers, abettors, and counsellors, shall suffer death and other losses as traitors. _Anno 13° Eliz. cap. 1°._

Moreover, that if any person within the realm of England or dominions thereof, after the first day of July, Anno Domini 1571, shall willingly receive or take any such absolution or reconciliation from the said Bishop of Rome or any of his successors, or by any that have authority from him; yea, if he shall receive or admit any manner of Bull, writing, or instrument from the said See of Rome, written or printed, containing any such thing, matter, or cause whatsoever, or if any offer thereof, motion, or persuasion being made unto him, shall not disclose or reveal the same to some of the Privy Council, all shall be high treason in him, and he shall suffer death and other losses for the same, as in cases of that crime is accustomed. _Ibidem._

And yet further, that whosoever shall bring into any dominions of England after the time before named any token or tokens, thing or things, called by the name of Agnus Dei, or any crosses, pictures, beads, or any such like, from the Bishop or See of Rome, or from any person or persons authorized from the said Bishop or See to consecrate or hallow the same; or shall deliver or offer, or cause to be delivered, any part thereof to any subject of this realm, or of any the dominions thereof, to be worn or used in any wise, that then, as well the same person or persons that shall receive the same to the intent to use and wear, being thereof lawfully convicted by the order of the common laws of this realm, shall incur the penalties, pains, and forfeitures provided by the statute of _præmunire_, which are the loss of all his lands and goods and perpetual imprisonment. _Anno 13º Eliz. cap. 2°._

Now when, by the acerbity and peril of so many cruel laws and statutes, divers Catholics, being terrified, desired and sought means to go into voluntary banishment beyond the seas, and to leave the realm either with or without licence, the Queen, understanding thereof, prevented them with another new law the very next year after, enacting that all and every person and persons, of what state, degree, or condition soever they be, under the obeisance of the said Queen, who sithence the first day of her reign have passed or hereafter shall pass into any dominions of foreign Princes without her special licence by writing, under the great seal of England, privy seal, or privy signet, and shall not return within the space of six months next after proclamation made for them to return and yield their bodies to the custody and ward of the sheriff of the county, &c.; all such persons shall forfeit and lose to the said Queen the whole profits of their manors, lands, tenements, and hereditaments during their lives, and all their goods and chattels for ever. _Anno 14° cap. 6°._

Moreover, that if any person, born under the obedience of Her Majesty, have or shall pass into foreign countries with leave and licence, as before is prescribed, and shall not presently, within six months after the expiring of the said licence, return home and yield their bodies in custody, as is before prescribed, shall suffer the same loss of goods and chattels and the rents of their lands as the other that went forth without licence.

And whatsoever conveyances, estates, grants, leases, gifts, or devises, they or any of them shall be found to have made of their lands and goods for their own relief to defraud the Queen, shall be utterly void, and of no validity at all in law. _Anno 14º Eliz. cap. 6°._

These laws passed in the first fourteen years of the Queen’s government. But afterwards, as she grew older, she did in most Parliaments aggravate the same. As, namely, in the twenty-third year of her reign, taking upon her to expound and explicate the former statute of bringing in Bulls, &c., from Rome, she determineth that by what means soever any man did pretend faculty or power to absolve any person or persons from their sins, or shall reconcile them to the Roman Church, or persuade to the acknowledgment of the Pope’s ecclesiastical authority over England, it shall be high treason both to the absolver and the absolved, to the reconciler and to the reconciled, that shall willingly yield thereunto, yea, and to all the procurers, aiders, and counsellors. All which, being lawfully convicted thereof, shall suffer death, as in case of high treason. _Anno 23° Eliz. cap. 2°._

And if any person or persons shall come to know of any man so absolved and reconciled, or of any such that doth absolve or reconcile, and shall not, within twenty days at the furthest, disclose the same to some justice of peace, or to some higher officer of the Prince, he shall be taken, tried, and judged, suffer and forfeit as offenders in misprision of treason, _vdlt._, he shall forfeit his lands and livings, but not suffer death for the same. _Ibidem._

(M30) In this Parliament also it was decreed, that for so much as many Catholics did upon conscience retire themselves from going to the Protestants’ church and service more than before, that every such recusant, being above the age of sixteen years, instead of paying xii_d._ for every Sunday, which was by former statute appointed, should now forfeit and pay to the Queen 20_l._ of lawful English money for every month, and, besides this, should be bound to put in sufficient sureties in the [sum] of 200_l._ at the least for their good behaviour, and so to continue bound until such time as the person so bound do conform himself to come to church. _Anno 29° Eliz. cap. 2°._

And, moreover, because it was presumed that every recusant would not be able to pay this 20_l._ a month for his recusancy, it was enacted that such as were not able to pay the said statute should pay two parts of three of all their lands and goods, so as he that should (for example) have three hundred should pay two hundred yearly to the Queen for his recusancy, and retain one hundred for maintenance of himself, his wife, children, and family.

In the same Parliament it was also enacted that if any person or persons, body politic or corporal, after the Feast of Pentecost then next ensuing, should keep any schoolmaster for their children which should not repair to the church, or not be allowed by the Bishop or Ordinary of the diocese (which allowance could not be had without abjuring the Pope’s authority and the Catholic religion, as before hath been showed), then shall he or they forfeit and lose for every month(558) 10_l._, and the schoolmaster or teacher himself, besides his lying in prison for one whole year, shall be disabled for ever to be a teacher of youth or to exercise that office in any place afterwards.

And to the end that Catholic recusants might be able to pay these payments and pecuniary forfeitures to the Queen, and not be able to make away any part of their livings for their better relief, it was also enacted and declared in this Parliament that every grant or conveyance of goods or lands, every bond, judgment, or execution had or made from that time forward which should be judged to be done of purpose to defraud the Queen, or to save their lands or goods from being forfeited by virtue of(559) this statute, that all such conveyance made by any Catholic recusant since the beginning of the said Queen’s reign, or after to be made for the use and relief of the said recusant, or any of his, should not be available in law, but all void, as if they had not been made. _Anno 28° Eliz. cap. 6°._

But a little before this, to wit, in the precedent year, the said Queen, understanding that Priests and ecclesiastical men were multiplied in England by reason of the English Seminaries in Catholic Princes’ dominions,(560) caused terrible thundering statutes to be made against them. And first, that all and every Jesuit, Seminary Priests, and other Priests whatsoever, made and ordained out of the realm of England by any authority, power, or jurisdiction derived, challenged, or pretended, from the See of Rome, since the Feast of the Nativity of St. John Baptist in the first year of the said Queen’s reign, 1559, shall within forty days depart out of the realm, and shall not return again without peculiar licence of Her Majesty, under pain of death and other losses and forfeitures accustomed in cases of high treason. _Anno 27° Eliz. cap. 2°._

And then, secondly, if any subject of the realm whatsoever, after the said time of forty days expired, shall wittingly and willingly receive, relieve, comfort, or maintain any such Jesuit, Seminary Priest, or other Priest, Deacon, Religious, or ecclesiastical person as is aforesaid, knowing him to be such an one, such suffer the pain of death, and other losses, as in case of felony. _Ibidem._

Moreover, it was enacted by authority aforesaid, that if any of Her Majesty’s subjects or their children, now being or hereafter shall be brought up in any College of Jesuits or Seminary already erected or hereafter to be erected in the parts beyond the seas, shall not within six months next after proclamation in that behalf, to be made in the City of London under the great seal of England, return into this realm, and thereupon, within two days next after his return, before the Bishop of the diocese, or two justices of peace of the county where he shall arrive, submit himself to Her Majesty and the laws, and take the oath of supremacy against the Bishop of Rome his ecclesiastical jurisdiction, set forth in the first year of the Queen’s reign; that then every such person otherwise returning or abiding without such submission and forswearing his religion, as is aforesaid, shall be adjudged a traitor, and suffer, lose, and forfeit, as in cases of high treason. _Anno 21° Eliz. cap. 6°._

And it was further enacted in the same Parliament that, if any subject of the Queen’s, after the foresaid forty days expired, shall either by way of exchange, bank, merchandize, or any shift or means whatsoever, wittingly and willingly, directly or indirectly, convey or send over the seas or out of the Queen’s dominions any money or other relief to or for any Jesuit, Seminary Priest, Deacon, Religious, or ecclesiastical person, scholar, student, or the like, or for the maintenance or relief of any College or Seminary already erected or to be erected, that every such person so offending shall lose all his goods and lands and suffer perpetual imprisonment, as in case of _præmunire_. Also it was enacted that whosoever should send over any such students as aforesaid to the Seminaries shall for every time forfeit 100_l._

(M31) And yet further, in the year 35 of the Queen’s reign it was enacted that every recusant persevering in denial to go to the Protestants’ churches should be bound to go to their ordinary places of dwelling, and not to depart from thence above five miles, under pain of losing all their goods and chattels. And they which should have no certain dwelling-place should repair to the place where their father and mother dwelt, under the same pains and forfeiture. And he that should fail in this either is condemned to live in perpetual prison or to abjure the land. _Anno 35° Eliz. cap. 2°._

And yet this being not thought sufficient severity in this kind, another statute was made, ordaining that whosoever, by printing, writing, or express words, deeds, or speeches, should practise or go about to move or persuade any of the Queen’s subjects to deny her power in ecclesiastical causes, or to abstain from going to the Protestants’ church, or to be present at any unlawful assemblies under colour or pretence of any exercise of religion contrary to Her Majesty’s laws, or shall themselves refuse for three months’ space to go to the said churches and hear divine service, that then they shall be forced to abjure the realm and go into perpetual banishment, or if they refuse the same, they shall suffer death and other losses for it, as in cases of felony. _Anno 35° Eliz. cap. 1°._

These are the chief statutes made against Catholic religion in general by the late Queen Elizabeth. For we do pretermit divers others more particular, and concerning particular persons. As, for example, that of the 28th of her reign (cap. 1°), wherein the Lord Thomas Paget, Baron, Sir Francis Inglefield, Knight (one of the Privy Council to Queen Mary, of worthy memory), and other Catholic gentlemen, were attainted of treason, their goods and lands confiscate, upon the former statute of fugitives, for that they either went forth of England without licence, for preservation of their consciences, or returned not when their licence was ended.

Another statute was also made in the 39th year of Queen Elizabeth’s reign (cap. 8°), wherein it was decreed that all such Archbishops, Bishops, Deans, and other spiritual Prelates of Queen Mary’s time, as were deprived by this Queen’s ecclesiastical authority, for that they would not accommodate themselves unto the form of religion by her set forth, were well and lawfully deprived, and by their deprivation the said bishoprics were made merely void, and the others invested in their places by the Queen’s authority were only the true Bishops and had lawful episcopal jurisdiction.(561) And divers other such particular things, which in this place we think good to pass over.

All these statutes, then, of Queen Elizabeth against Catholic people and their religion, being so grievous and rigorous, as you see, were confirmed by His Majesty that now is, without any restraint or mitigation, in the first Parliament, as before hath been said, with divers other aggrievances thereunto added of new; as that Catholic recusants should not only pay the 20_l._ a month ordained by the former statute for such as refused to go to the Protestants’ church and service for conscience sake, but, besides this 20_l._ a month to be paid for himself, he should also pay 10_l._ a month for his wife or children that shall refuse to go to the said churches, yea, and another also for his servants.

Moreover, that all such young men or children that shall study on that(562) side the seas (being Catholics) or frequent the schools or Colleges of any of the Jesuits, or shall not return home within a certain time limited to give account of themselves and their religion, shall forfeit their inheritances in England and other dominions of His Majesty, and the next of his kindred shall enjoy the forfeiture that will conform himself, &c.

And furthermore, whereas, in the beginning of his said reign, certain new canons, constitutions, and ordinances were agreed upon by those of the Protestant clergy to molest and afflict Catholics withal, by pretended censures of excommunications, as, namely, that four times at least every year all preachers, readers of divinity, and all other ecclesiastical persons, in sermons, collations, and lectures, shall teach open and declare to the people that all authority and jurisdiction of the Pope of Rome (as a thing not having any ground by the law of God) is, for most just causes, taken away and abolished, and that therefore no manner of obedience or subjection is due thereunto, but only that the King’s power, which in his dominions and countries is the highest power under God, above all other powers and potentates upon earth; and that whosoever denieth this, let him be excommunicated _ipso facto_, and not restored but only by the Archbishop after his repentance and public revocation of those his wicked errors. These are the words of his first two canons.

And the same punishment is laid upon whomsoever shall hold or affirm that the Church of England now established by law under His Majesty, is not a true and Apostolical Church, teaching and maintaining the doctrine of the Apostles.

And many other things like unto this, passing from one article to another of their sect, and binding Catholics, under pain of excommunication, to believe and hold all that they hold, or else to be vexed with citations, condemnations, excommunications, and other vexations, together with the writs and processes _de excommunicato_ capiendo, as before you have heard suggested by the Chancellor. Unto all which His Majesty gave consent and authority by his letters patent, under the great seal of England, upon the year 1603, and first of his reign, in these words:—

“We have, for us and our heirs and lawful successors, of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion given, and by these presents do give our royal assent to all and every of the said canons, orders and ordinances and constitutions, and to all and everything in them contained. And we do, by our said prerogative royal and supreme authority in causes ecclesiastical, notify, confirm, and establish, by these our letters patent, the said canons, orders, &c., and all and everything in them contained. And, moreover, do straitly enjoin and command by our said authority, and by these our letters patent, that the same be diligently observed and executed,” &c.

So His Majesty, in the first year of his reign, after he had confirmed and revived all the laws of Queen Elizabeth made and executed against Catholics; by all which he made it evident unto his Catholic subjects that he would not only continue and go forward in the steps of Queen Elizabeth touching the persecution of Catholics, but increase and add unto the same. For this increase of afflictions, which was laid upon Catholics the first year of his reign, was little in respect of that which was intended against them. Which divers of the forward Puritans did not stick to affirm and to threaten in the King’s name, as Roboam did in the beginning of his reign, saying, “Minimus digitus meus grossior est dorso patris mei. Et nunc pater meus posuit super vos jugum grave, ego autem addam super jugum vestrum; pater meus cecidit vos flagellis, ego autem cædam vos scorpionibus.”(563) To the like effect did many of his officers give out His Majesty’s intentions to be; which, though we may presume to have been contrary to his royal disposition, yet they did so far prevail with him, that he afterwards verified what they had foretold, by confirming the former laws of Queen Elizabeth and adding unto them as you have heard. But especially when he called the second Parliament, and in that suffered to be packed together all the principal Puritans of the realm, whose insatiable hatred against Catholics we knew very well would never take up until they had made laws answerable to their mind and malice against us. Then they all before the Parliament consulted, and concluded of the bills and laws they would urge to be passed against Catholics, as afterwards, indeed, it was performed. And many of those intended laws were known to divers Catholics long before the Parliament time, which, as it is thought, was a great motive unto the gentlemen to undertake their rash and dangerous conspiracy, as deeming so desperate a course to be a needful remedy in so desperate a case.(564)

End Of The Narrative.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

ABBOT, GEORGE, Archbishop; a visit from clvi, present at Fr. Garnett’s death 290, persecutes Fr. Cornforth and the Vauxes clxxxvi, receives Sir George Talbot cc.

Abergavenny, Katherine Lady; Lord Vaux’s sister clxxxvi.

Abington, Dorothy; her conversion by Fr. Ouldcorne 283.

Abington, Thomas; in the Tower 27, condemned to death for harbouring Priests 28, life spared at Lord Mounteagle’s intercession 28, absent when Henlip is searched 152, apprehended 157, sent to Worcester 266, meets his wife 266, tried 267, reprieved 268, foils various Bishops of Worcester 269.

Adams, John; martyr, in the Marshalsea xiv.

Albert, Archduke, Governor of Flanders; cxcvii, delays foundation of Watten cc.

Aldobrandini, Hippolitus Cardinal; Viceprotector of the English College, Rome ccliv.

Aldridge; a merchant, reaches Douay ccliv.

Alfani, sends a MS. to England from Rome ccl.

Alford, Michael, S.J.; author of _Annals_ ccxlix.

Allen, Wm., Cardinal; wishes Fr. Gerard to return to England xvi, desired harmony between seculars and Society cciv, obtains an indulgence for a prayer for the conversion of England cclxii.

Aquaviva, Claude, General S.J.; ccxxviii, admits Fr. Gerard and Fr. Ouldcorne into the Society xvi, 279.

Arden, Edward; executed cxv.

Arden, Francis; escapes from the Tower with Fr. Gerard cxv.

Arragon, D. Blasco de, cclviii.

Arundel, Anne Countess of; receives Fr. Southwell and Fr. Gerard lvii, at Acton cclv.

Arundel, Philip Earl of; in the Tower x, lvii.

Arundell, Henry Lord; letter from Fr. Thorpe ccxlix.

Ashby Church; story of “good Sir Wm. Catesby” painted in 55.

Ashley, Ralph, S.J.; tortured 181, taken to Worcester 266, tried 271, martyred 275.

Atkinson, William; a Priest spy, informs of Fr. Gerard’s letters lxxxviii, tries to have him rearrested cxxix, betrays Thomas Tichburn, the martyr cxxx.

BABINGTON’S plot; xv, xvii, 26.

Babthorpe, Sir Ralph; at Louvain cxcvii.

Babthorpe, Thomas, S.J.; ccxlii.

Bacon, Sir Francis; examines Fr. Gerard xciii, and two servants of Mrs. Vaux cclvi.

Baldwin, William, S.J.; his letter to Fr. Persons cclviii, proposed for attainder 165.

Bales, Christopher; martyr xviii.

Bancroft, Richard, Bishop of London; sermon at Paul’s Cross 43, enquires respecting Father Garnett’s straw 303.

Banks, Richard, S.J.; succeeds Fr. Gerard at Braddocks cxxxi.

Barker, Thomas.; William Wiseman’s servant xliv, xlix.

Barkley, Sir Richard, Governor of the Tower; examines Fr. Gerard xciii, resigns his governorship ciii.

Bates, Thomas; servant of Catesby, enters conspiracy 84, suspected 135, tried in Westminster Hall 192, his letter of regrets 210, his death 219.

Baynham, Sir Edmund; 77, 82, 236, 251.

Beaumont, _see_ Tesimond.

Beesley, George; martyr xviii.

Bellamy, Anne; betrays Father Southwell ccxiv, ccxviii.

Bellarmine, Robert Cardinal; his letter to Fr. Gerard cciii.

Bergholt, East, St. Mary’s Abbey; xxxvii.

Bishop, William; in the Marshalsea xiv.

Blackburn, _see_ Thomson.

Blackfan, John, S.J.; proposed as nominal Rector of Louvain cxcvii.

Blackwell, George, the Archpriest; his house near the Inns of Court cxxx, informed of Watson’s plot by Fr. Gerard, 74.

Blase, James, O.S.F., Bishop of St. Omers; transfers Watten to Society cc.

Blount, Richard, S.J.; intending to leave England clxxxvii, letter to Fr. Aquaviva ccxlvii.

Blunt, Sir Christopher; in Earl of Essex’s rising 56.

Booth, Charles, S.J.; ccxlix.

Brabant, florin of; xiv.

Braddocks; William Wiseman’s house xxx, Fr. Gerard’s residence xxxii, searched lii, Mass at ccliv.

Brewster, a Priest at Northend xli.

Briant or Brian, Alexander, S.J.; martyr 17.

Bridewell; Richard Fulwood in xliii, li.

Bromley, Sir Henry; searches Henlip 151, takes Fr. Garnett and Fr. Ouldcorne to London 157.

Brooke, _see_ Gerard.

Brooke, Sir Basil; cc.

Brooksby, Eleanor; cxxxv, at Lord Vaux’s 137.

Browne, Robert; a Priest cxxxiv.

Browne, William, S.J.; a Lay-brother cxcix.

Brussels, Benedictine Convent xxxvii.

Bryn; seat of the Gerards ix.

Brynhill, Sir Peter de; ix.

Buckley, _see_ Jones.

Buckland, Ralph; Fr. Gerard’s fellow-traveller xvi, ccliv.

Buchanan; teaches regicide 122.

CAMPION, Edmund, S.J.; martyr 17, his praises by Fr. Henry Walpole xci, effects of his coming to England 131.

Caracena, Conde de; cxciv.

Carvajal, Donna Luisa de; her will cxciii, founds English Novitiate cxciv.

Catesby, Robert; entered the Plot in good faith 11, proposes it 52, descended from “good Sir William” 54, his early life 55, wounded in and fined for the Earl of Essex’s rising 56, consults Fr. Garnett in general terms 65, conduct on discovery of the Plot 106, scorched with powder 108, shot 109, manner of his death 110, at Lord Vaux’s 137, cclvi.

Charles, Duke of York; 85, 91.

Clarke; his treason 250.

Clarke, William; committed as a recusant xlii.

Clermont College, Paris; Fr. Gerard at xii.

Clink, prison; spiritual exercises in lxxii, Good Friday in lxxxvi, Fr. Gerard in lxix, Fr. Percy in cxxxiii, Brother Emerson in xlv, lxx, lxxviii, lxxxix, ccliv, Brother Lilly in lxxi, John Rigby, the martyr, converted by Fr. Gerard in lxxii.

Cokayne, Edward; reports a search in Mrs. Jenison’s house ccliii.

Coke, Sir Edward; examines William Wiseman i, examines Fr. Gerard xciii, his book 46, examines Fr. Garnett 164, proposes 8 Jesuits for attainder by Parliament 164, his speech at Fr. Garnett’s trial 228.

Colendin, _see_ Gifford.

Collyn, Patrick; his treason 234, 249, xcv.

Conference of Protestant Bishops and Puritans in 1605; 40.

Contreras, Don Frances de; cxciv.

Cornelius John, S.J.; martyr 17, manner of arrest 38.

Cornforth, Thomas, S.J.; caught at Mass clxxxvi.

Coughton; Bates saw Father Garnett and Father Tesimond at 211.

Counter, the prisons so called; x, lxi, lxix.

Cranedge, Henry and Elizabeth; recusants xlii.

Cranishe, Richard; son of Robert, crosses to Middleborough xliv.

Cresswell, Joseph, S.J.; Father Persons’ _Philopater_ attributed to him 234, proposed for attainder 164, superior in Spain ccxxviii.

Crooke, Sir John; opens prosecution of Fr. Garnett 227.

DALE, Mr.; examines Brother Emerson ccliv.

Daniell; Mrs. Wiseman’s servant xlii.

Darbyshire, Thomas, S.J.; goes with Fr. Gerard to Rouen xii.

Darcy, _see_ Garnett.

Digby, Sir Everard; his and his wife’s conversion cl, his illness cliii, his affection for Fr. Gerard cliv, helps to convert a friend clxvi, entered into the Plot 87, in good faith 11, his family 87, his manliness 88, his Catholic life 89, his office in the Plot 91, at Dunchurch 106, his page William Ellis 110, ccii, taken 111, proposes match between Lord Vaux and Earl of Suffolk’s daughter 137, at Lord Vaux’s cclvi, his house in Rutlandshire, 138, tried in Westminster Hall 191, exculpates Fr. Gerard 209, clxxix, clears the Society 8, allied to Earl of Salisbury 216, asks to be beheaded 216, his death 216, Fr. Gerard’s letter to ccxxxiv.

Dolman, the priest; letter to Mrs. Wiseman xliv.

Dormer, Dorothy; marries Sir Henry Huddleston xxxiii.

Dormer, Jane; marries Duke of Feria xxxiii.

Drury, Robert; martyr lxxvi, living in Fr. Gerard’s house cxxvii.

Dunkellin, Richard Lord; wishes to go to confession clix, fights a duel clxi, marries and converts Walsyngham’s daughter clix, clxi.

Dunsmore Heath; 92.

EGERTON, SIR THOMAS, Lord Chancellor; once a Catholic lix.

Elizabeth, Princess; 85.

Ellis, William _alias_ John Williams; page to Sir Everard Digby 110, novice S.J. ccii.

Elmer, John, Bishop of London; Fr. Gerard in his custody, xiii.

Emerson; of Felsted xliv.

Emerson, Ralph, S.J.; _alias_ Homulus xlv, lxx, in Clink xlv, lxx, lxxviii, lxxxix, his examination ccliv, moved to Newgate xlv, sent to Wisbech, into banishment, dies at St. Omers lxxi.

Essex, Earl of; his rising 55.

Eu, College at; xvii, 280.

Everett, Thomas, S.J.; in hiding clxxx, surprised at Mass clxxxi.

Excommunications; 42.

FARMER, _see_ Garnett.

Fawcet; a witness against Fr. Garnett 255.

Fawkes or Faulks, Guido or Guy; one of the first conspirators 53, a good soldier in Flanders 59, passes as Percy’s man 63, 105, his office in the Plot 91, found in the vault 99, apprehended 103, _alias_ John Johnson 105, 196, in the Tower 112, his confession ccxxiv, 112, tortured ccxxv, 221, tried in Westminster Hall 191, reason for pleading “Not guilty” 195, his death 221.

Feller; his mention of Fr. Garnett’s straw 305.

Ferdinand, Prince Bishop of Liége; cc, cciv.

Feria, Duke of; his wife Jane Dormer xxxiii.

Filcock, Roger, S.J.; martyr lxxvi.

Fisher, _see_ Percy.

Fitzherbert, Thomas, S.J.; letter to Bishop of Chalcedon ccxlii.

Fleming, Thomas; examines Fr. Gerard xciii.

Floyd, Henry, S.J.; ccxlii, cclx.

Foxe, Robert; committed as a recusant xlii.

Frank, John; betrays his master and Fr. Gerard xl, his deposition xli.

Froude; quotation from, on equivocation ccxi.

Fuller, Mr.; examines Brother Emerson ccliv.

Fulwood, John; found in Mr. Wiseman’s house xliv, xlix.

Fulwood, Richard, S.J.; Father Gerard’s man xlii, xliv, visits Lady Gerard xxxv, taken xlvi, imprisoned in Bridewell xliii, li, tortured li, lxiv, escapes lxvi, helps Fr. Gerard to escape from the Tower cxviii, in Belgium cclviii.

Garnett _alias_ Gilford; Novice S.J. cci.

Garnett, Henry, S.J.; _alias_ Darcy cclxii, _alias_ Walley 211, clxxxix, _alias_ Farmer 226, his parentage 297, Father Gerard finds him in London, 282, xxiv, lives in Warwickshire 282, his instructions xxv, renewal of vows xxxviii, his foresight xxxviii, xlv, xlvi, Fr. Gerard tortured to say where he is xcvi, c, receives Fr. Gerard on his escape from Tower cxxiv, his house called Morecroftes at Uxbridge, cclv, his house in Spital cxliii, informed of Watson’s plot by Fr. Gerard 74, consulted by Catesby on death of innocents 65, 120, 253, wrote to Rome his fears 71, 75, 121, goes to St. Winifred’s Well 78, 240, 258, cclxii, persuades discontented Catholics to send Sir Edmund Baynham to the Pope 77, 82, 236, 251, his wise direction 132, Bates’ evidence against him 136, 211, accused in Proclamation 144, his attainder proposed 165, hides at Henlip 150, betrayed by Humphrey Littleton 150, taken 154, identified by a Priest 156, silences Sir Henry Bromley’s chaplain 157, committed to Gatehouse 159, clxxxii, examined by Privy Council 159, transferred to Tower 160, cozened by his keeper 166, overheard in conference with Fr. Ouldcorne 169, 241, kept from sleep and drugged 173, tortured 174, may now tell what he heard in confession 175, tried at Guildhall 225, his indictment 226, his speech 243, his martyrdom 288, cclviii, the miraculous straw 297, 301, other signs 305, on equivocation 244, ccxx, his letters xlv, ccxxviii, 72 _et seq._

Garnett, Thomas; in Gatehouse 166, sent to Tower 173, martyred cxcv, Novice at St. John’s, Louvain cxcv.

Garney, James; Sir Everard Digby’s servant, cclxii.

Garswood; seat of the Gerards ix.

Gasca, Donna Maria; cxciv.

Gatehouse; Fr. Garnett and Fr. Ouldcorne committed to 159, Thomas Garnett there 166, John Grissold there 181.

Gerard John, S.J.; _alias_ Starkie, _alias_ Standish xxx, xciii, _alias_ Tanfield, _alias_ Staunton, xlii, _alias_ Brooke clxxxvii, _alias_ Nelson, _alias_ Tomson cxcvi, _alias_ Harrison cclix, parentage ix, childhood x, is sent to Derbyshire x, has property at Ashton xi, sent to Exeter College, Oxford xi, goes to Rhemes xii, ccliii, to Paris and Rouen xii, his vocation xii, falls ill and returns to England xiii, in custody of Elmer, Bishop of London xiii, committed to Marshalsea xiv, fined for recusancy xiv, goes to Paris and Rome xv, enters English College xv, ccliv, ordained Priest xvi, ccliv, admitted into Society xvi, 279, starts for England xvi, 280, lands xviii, arrested xxi, 281, reaches Norwich xxii, arrives in London xxiv, returns to Norfolk xxv, 282, changes his residence xxix, goes to live at Braddocks xxxii, hires a house in Golding-lane xlvi, in hiding-places xxxix, lii, cxxxix, received by Countess of Arundel lvii, taken at Middleton’s lviii, examined lix, lxi, lxxx, lxxxii, xciii, lxxxiv, cx, cxiii, ccxiv; sent to the Counter lxi, put in irons lix, lxiv, lxix, his servants lxv, removed to the Clink lxix, his house in charge of Ann Line lxxii, wears Jesuit’s dress in prison lxxxi, cell in Clink searched lxxxix, removed to Tower xc, tortured the first time xcvii, the second time ci, the third time ciii, says Mass cxv, escapes from Tower cxvii, leaves the Wisemans cxxxi, fears to have to leave England cxxxi, removes to Harrowden cxxxiii, takes half of a house in London cxxix, which is searched cxxxvi, moves to a house near the Strand clxii, where without his knowledge the conspirators receive Communion, 197, ccxxiii, his innocence of Powder Plot clxxiii, clxxviii, in hiding clxxxii, leaves England clxxxiv, at St. Omers and Brussels cclviii, goes to Rome cclxi, and Louvain clxxxiii, cxciii, his character ccli, his Profession clxxxiv, Bates’ evidence against him 136, his letters to the Council 136, 142, 207, 212, accused in Proclamation 143, proposed for attainder 165, cleared by Sir Everard Digby 209, his letters clxxxv, cxcv, ccxxxi, ccxlvi, cclix, his description clxxxvii, disturbed in Belgium by English Government cxcvi, returns through Spain to Rome ccviii, dies there ccix, on equivocation ccix, his MS. on Powder Plot ccxlviii, his autobiography cclii.

Gerard Sir Gilbert; Master of the Rolls x.

Gerard, Sir Thomas; first Baronet x, knighted at James I.’s accession with fair words 27.

Gerard, Sir Thomas; first Lord Gerard x, Knight Marshal cxxx.

Gerard, Sir Thomas; Knight, of Bryn ix, imprisoned twice in the Tower x, 27, released at great cost 27, compounds for his recusancy x, dwelt at Etwall, within two miles of Tutbury Castle, x, ccliii, 26.

Ghent; Tertianship founded by Anne Countess of Arundel cclxii.

Gifford, Gilbert, _alias_ Jacques Colendin; a Priest and spy xvi.

Gilford, _see_ Garnett.

Golding-lane; Fr. Gerard’s house there searched xlv.

Golthwaite; Sir John Yorke’s house cclvii.

Goodman, Gabriel, Dean of Westminster; examines Fr. Gerard lxxxii, examines Br. Emerson ccliv.

Grafton, Novice, S.J.; cci.

Grant, John; beats pursuivants 86, joins the conspiracy 87, much scorched with powder 108, taken 109, tried in Westminster Hall 191, his death 218, not at Lord Vaux’s cclvi.

Green, Richard; candidate for Society cxciii.

Greenway, _see_ Tesimond.

Grene, Christopher, S.J.; _Collectanea_ ccxlvii, ccxlix.

Grene, Martin, S.J.; letter about Powder Plot ccxlvii.

Griffin, Mrs.; receives Fr. Garnett’s straw 302, cured by it 304.

Grissold, John; tortured 181.

Guildhall; Fr. Gerard examined at lxxxiv, Fr. Garnett tried in 226.

HALL, _see_ Ouldcorne.

Harrington, Lord; in charge of the Lady Elizabeth 85, 92.

Harrison, _see_ Gerard.

Harrowden, Great; cxxxv, cxlvii, altar furniture at clxxv, searched for nine days clxxv, cxc, 141, Bates saw the Fathers at 136, 211, restored to Lord Vaux clxxxvii.

Hartley, William; martyr, in the Marshalsea xiv.

Hatton, Sir Christopher; his house cxxxv.

Heigham, William, S.J.; maintains William Thomson the martyr lxxiii.

Henlip; Thomas Abington’s house, 149, Fr. Garnett hides there 150, Fr. Ouldcorne lives there xl, 150, searched 151.

Heywood, Mrs.; her presence of mind when her house is searched cxxxviii.

Hobadge House; Stephen Littleton’s 108, 210.

Hobocque, Baron de; Flemish ambassador, testifies to Father Garnett’s straw 303.

Holt, William, S.J.; Rector of English College at Rome xv, ccliv, in Belgium cxxviii, unjustly accused 249.

Homulus, _see_ Emerson.

Hopton, Sir Owen; examines Brother Emerson ccliv.

Hoskins, Anthony, S.J.; cxlix, with Fr. Gerard clxxx, with Fr. Gerard’s friends cclx.

Huddington; Winters of 58.

Huddleston, Sir Henry; converted xxxiii.

Hunston, Brian; in Fr. Gerard’s service clxxxix.

Huntingdon, Earl of; his wife Fr. Gerard’s aunt ccliii.

Hurlston, Ha.; in prison clxxxix.

Hymn of All Saints; 240, 254, cclxii.

INGLEFIELD, SIR FRANCIS; attainted 328.

JACKSON, RICHARD; indicted for saying Mass at Braddocks ccliv.

James I.; his book for his son 23, compares Papists and Puritans to two asses 123, expectations on his accession 20, disappointment 25, deciphers the letter 98, proclamation of Nov. 7, 114, his speech 116, his book on the Powder Plot 199.

Jenings, Alice, wife of Richard; a recusant xlii.

Jenison, John and Michael; Fr. Gerard’s brothers-in-law ccliii.

Jeppes, John; stayed at Frank’s with the Wisemans xliv.

Jesuits; accused 148, 193, cleared 179, Coke proposes eight for attainder by Parliament 164.

Johnson; quotation from, on equivocation ccxi.

Jones, _alias_ Buckley, John, O.S.F.; martyr xxxii, lxxvi.

KENSINGTON, _see_ Laithwaite.

Keyes, Robert; his virtue and valour 87, joins the conspiracy 87, taken 112, tried in Westminster Hall 192, his death 221.

Keynes, George, S.J.; cclviii.

Knevet, Sir Thomas; searches the vault 103.

Knox, John; teaches regicide 122.

LAITHWAITE, THOS., S.J.; taken, escapes, is retaken clxxvi, _alias_ Scott _alias_ Kensington cxcvi, frequents Fr. Gerard’s house clxxvi, ccxxiv.

Lasnet, John, S.J.; serves Fr. Gerard lxv.

Laud, William Archbishop; marries Lord Mountjoy and Lady Rich xxxiv.

Lee Priory; Lord Rich’s house, xli.

Lee, Roger, S.J.; in retreat cxxxvi, cxlvi, helps to convert his friends cxlviii, cl, Fr. Baldwin would send him to England cclviii, Fr. Gerard opposed to this as premature cclx.

Leeds, Sir Thomas; at Louvain cxcvii.

Leicester, Earl of; lxii, threats against Catholics xvii, 279, “my Lord of Leicester’s books” ccliv.

Lenox, Duke of; Fr. Gerard’s letter to ccxxxi.

Lerma, Duke of; 235.

Leutner, or Lewckener, Edmund; of Exeter College, Oxford xi.

Lewkner, Thomas, Novice S.J. cci.

Liége, florin of xiv.

Liége, foundation at cxcvi, cxcix.

Lilly, John S.J.; in the Clink lxxi, liberty purchased cix, visits Fr. Gerard in the Tower cxi, helps him to escape from the Tower cxviii, is taken in his stead cxxxix, outwits Wade cxliii, death lxvi, cxliv.

Line, Anne; martyr, has charge of Father Gerard’s house lxxiii, changes house cxxviii, her husband lxxiv, visits Mrs. Heywood cxxxviii, her arrest at Mass lxxv, her conduct in Court lxxv, her death lxxvi.

Lingard, John, D.D.; on the Communion of the conspirators ccxxiii, on the date of a letter quoted ccxxvii, quotes affidavit of Anthony Smith ccxlvii.

Little John and Little Michael, _see_ Owen.

Littleton, Humphrey; shelters Robert Winter and Stephen Littleton 112, betrays Father Garnett and Fr. Ouldcorne 150, tried at Worcester 267, repents of his treachery 268, 269, 270.

Littleton, Stephen; receives the conspirators 108, escapes for a time 110, Hobadge House 108, 210, taken 112, tried and executed at Stafford 277.

Lopez; his treason 234.

Louvain, St. John’s; the first English Novitiate S.J. cxcv.

Louvain, St. Monica’s; xxxi, cxcvi.

MALTRAVERS, JAMES LORD; erroneously said to have been converted by Fr. Gerard cclxii.

Manners, Sir Oliver; his conversion clxvi, his letter to Fr. Aquaviva cclv, his return to England cciii, his death cciii, praise perhaps of him as intending to be a Priest cclxi.

Mansel _alias_ Griffin, Richard; Novice S.J. cci.

Markham, Anne Lady; correspondence with Earl of Salisbury about betraying Father Gerard clxxxviii.

Marshalsea Prison; cxxx, Fr. Gerard in xiv, Br. Nicholas Owen in 186.

Mary, Queen of Scots; 21, died because she was a Catholic 16, a martyr 22, confined at Tutbury Castle x, ccliii, 26, Babington’s plot for xv, xvii, 26, Sir Thomas Stanley, Sir Thomas Gerard, and Mr. Roulston take her part 26.

Maximilian, Duke of Bavaria; sends gifts to new House at Liége cc, endows the College there cc, his children cc.

Mayer, Father, S.J.; cc.

Mayor of London, the Lord; searches Fr. Gerard’s house clxxxi, one of Fr. Garnett’s judges 226.

Middleton’s; Fr. Gerard and Nicholas Owen taken there xliii, xliv, lviii.

Milton; quotation from, on equivocation ccxi.

Miranda, Conde de; 235, Condessa de cxciv.

Molina, Melchior de; cxciv.

Montacute Papers; cclvi.

Montague, Anthony Viscount; xxxiii, cxcix.

More, Thomas, S.J.; last English Provincial before the suppression ccli.

More, Henry, S.J.; lived at St. John’s, Louvain cxcv, Socius to Fr. Gerard at Louvain cc, his scholarship cci.

Morecroftes at Uxbridge; Fr. Garnett’s house cclv, _perhaps_ xlvi, cxxiv, 181.

Morton, _see_ Talbot.

Motte; his bark xliv.

Mountague, Dean of Chapel Royal; 45.

Mounteagle, the Lord; the letter to 96, his supper 101.

Mountjoy, Lord; seduces Lady Rich xxxiv.

Myller, Ralph; a tailor of Rhemes, his confession cxxxiv.

NELSON, _see_ Gerard.

Nevill, the Lady; died of ill-treatment in a search 39.

Newall, William; a pursuivant xli, ccliii.

Newman, John Henry, D.D.; quotation from ccxi.

Norffooke, Nicholas; Mr. Wiseman’s servant xlii.

Northampton, Earl of; reads the letter 97, examines Fr. Garnett 173, speech at conspirators’ trial 213, one of Fr. Garnett’s judges 226, intercedes for the Vauxes clxxxvi.

Northend, Great Waltham; Mrs. Wiseman’s house xxxi.

Northumberland, Earl of; his four daughters xxxvi.

Nottingham, Earl of; one of Fr. Garnett’s judges 226.

ORMES; a tailor xlii.

Ostend; boys taken going to St. Omers by lxxix.

Ouldcorne, Edward, S.J.; _alias_ Hall 165, sent to Naples to beg for the English College, Rome, 278, admitted into the Society xvi, 279, goes to England xvi, ccliv, 280, converts Dorothy Abington 283, cured of cancer in the mouth by St. Winifred 284, danger on occasion of renewal of vows xl, betrayed by Humphrey Littleton 150, an escape by ready wit 154, committed to Gatehouse 159, overheard in conference with Fr. Garnett in the Tower 169, 241, tortured 181, 285, taken to Worcester 265, tried 267, his indictment 269, converts a felon in prison 271, martyrdom 274, cclviii, two notable signs after his death 285, his dream 306, cclxii.

Overal, John, Dean of St. Paul’s; present at Fr. Garnett’s death 290.

Owen, Nicholas, S.J., _alias_ Little John and Little Michael; taken with Fr. Gerard xliv, lviii, makes hiding-places lvii, cxlv, tortured lxiv, receives Father Garnett’s letters lxxxix, taken at Henlip 153, committed to the Marshalsea 186, tortured to death in Tower 182, his patience when his leg was broken 185.

Owen, Thomas, S.J.; Prefect of the English Mission cxcv.

PAGE, FRANCIS, S.J.; martyr cxi, surprised at Mass lxxv, is taken when visiting Fr. Gerard in the Tower cx, released for money, becomes a Priest, a Jesuit, and a martyr cxi.

Paget, Lord; attainted 328.

Paley; quotation from, on equivocation ccxi.

Parker, Christopher; in Father Gerard’s service clxxxix.

Paschal, Mr.; reaches Douay ccliv.

Peckham, Edmund; Fr. Gerard’s brother-in-law ccliii.

Penal laws; 15, 33, 315, _et seq._, James’ statutes 29, 328.

Percy, John, S.J., _alias_ Fisher; cclxii, his sufferings at Flushing cxxxii, imprisoned in and escape from Bridewell cxxxiii, in Yorkshire cxxxiii, with Fr. Gerard at Stoke Pogis cxlvi, at Harrowden cxlvii, goes to Sir Everard Digby clxxiv, returns to Mrs. Vaux clxxxiii, cclx, in Belgium cxcvii.

Percy, Lady Mary; her life in England xxxvi, her vocation xxxvii, her sisters xxxvi, xliii, lxviii.

Percy, Thomas; one of the first conspirators 53, connection of Earl of Northumberland 57, 100, married John Wright’s sister 57, his early life 57, converted 58, a Gentleman Pensioner 58, hires house by the river 63, and cellar for fuel 71, his office in the Plot 63, 91, shot 110.

Perkises and his man executed at Worcester 277.

Perne, Andrew; his religion xxvi.

Persons, Robert, S.J.; his _Christian Directory_ xii, forbids state affairs 76, 81, effects of his coming to England 131, Prefect of the English Mission xv, cxciii, cclix, 280, admits Fr. Gerard into the Novitiate xvi, praises Father Gerard’s behaviour after the Powder Plot cclxi.

Phelips, Sir Edward; opens Powder Plot indictment 196, his papers cclvi.

Philips the decipherer; committed to Tower for correspondence with Mr. Owen cclviii.

Pilgrims’ Register at Rome; entry of Fr. Gerard’s name ccliv.

Polewhele; his treason xcv.

Pollen, Joseph, S.J.; in hiding cxl, cclv.

Popham, Sir John, Chief Justice; execution of penal laws intrusted to 33, examines Fr. Garnett 164, one of his judges 226, pronounces sentence 263.

Port, Sir John; his three daughters cliii.

Priests; cleared by the Conspirators 128, Queen Mary’s xxvii, xxx, 133, 231.

Puckering, Lord Keeper; report made to xxxi, xli, xliv.

Puente, Luis de la, S.J.; his two letters to Fr. Gerard ccv.

Puritans in Parliament 29, and in authority 31.

QUEENHITHE, Conspiracy laid in, in Fr. Garnett’s indictment 226, 238.

RECUSANTS given over to enrich courtiers 34, three degrees of, according to King James, 41.

Richard, _see_ Mansel.

Richardson, Richard; in Gatehouse cxc, his examination cclvi.

Rich, Lord; his house xli.

Rich, Penelope Lady; her story xxxiii.

Rigby, John; martyr, converted in the Clink by Fr. Gerard lxxii.

Rookwood, Ambrose; his family 85, joins the conspiracy 86, scorched with powder 108, wounded and taken 109, tried in Westminster Hall 191, farewell to his wife 219, his death 221, when at Lord Vaux’s cclvi.

Roulston; took part with Mary Queen of Scots, betrayed by his son 26.

Rouse; at Mechlin cxcvi.

Rydgeley, Mary; marries John Wiseman cclv.

SACCHINI, FRANCIS, S.J.; had the original of Fr. Gerard’s Autobiography cclii.

Salesberie, Mr.; in Babington’s plot, 26.

Salisbury, Earl of; discloses the Plot 97, examines Fr. Gerard 173, his book _An Answer to certain Scandalous Papers_ 199, 212, speech in answer to Sir Everard Digby 215, one of Fr. Garnett’s judges 226, Fr. Gerard’s letter to ccxxxiii, correspondence with Lady Markham clxxxix.

Savage, Samuel; Mrs. Wiseman’s servant xlii.

Savage, William; tailor, crosses to Middleborough xliv.

Schondonch, Giles, S.J.; Rector of St. Omers cclviii, extract of letter ccxlv.

Scott, _see_ Laithwaite.

Scott, Sir Walter; equivocation ccxvii.

Scudamore _alias_ John Wiseman; at Northend xliii, crosses to Middleborough xliv.

Searches; at Fr. Garnett’s xxxix, at Golding-lane xlv, at Northend xli, at Braddocks lii, house in London cxxxvi, at Harrowden for nine days clxxv, 138, at Henlip 151, at Mrs. Jenison’s ccliii, manner of in general 35, Lady Nevill’s death caused by 39.

Seymour, Lady Jane; daughter of Thomas, Earl of Northumberland xxxvi, a Protestant xliii, lxviii.

Shefford, _see_ Stratford.

Sheldon, Hugh, S.J.; makes hiding-places cxlv, caught, sent to Wisbech and banished cxlvi.

Shelley, Owen _alias_ Titchborn; Novice S.J. cci, Rector of Liége cci.

Sherwin, Ralph; martyr 17.

Sherwood, Father; 234, none such in the Society 249.

Sherwood, John, S.J.; died before he came to be a Priest 249.

Shrewsbury, the Lady; her zeal praised cclviii.

Shurley; Mistress of Novices at St. Monica’s, Louvain cxcvi.

Silisdon, Henry, S.J.; Rector at Louvain cxcv, Master of Novices at Liége cc, ccv, his opinion of Fr. Gerard’s talent for government ccii.

Silvester, Novice S.J.; cci.

Singleton, Dr.; cciv.

Sion House; Nuns of xxx.

Smith, Anthony; affidavit respecting Fr. Gerard ccxlvii.

Smith, William, Bishop of Chalcedon; Fr. Fitzherbert’s letter to cclxii, Fr. Gerard’s letter to ccxxxviii, ccxlvi.

Southwell, Robert, S.J.; xxiv, his journeys with Fr. Gerard xxiii, his instructions xxv, surprised at Mass xxxix, lived with Countess of Arundel lvii, maligned by Young lxvii, tortured by Topcliffe 18, invoked by Fr. Gerard cxxiii, his spiritual books 132, date of his martyrdom 282, ccli, betrayed by Anne Bellamy ccxiv, ccxvii, on equivocation ccxiv, ccxviii.

Southworth, John; Fr. Gerard’s bailiff, xi.

Squire; his treason 234, 249, xcv.

Standish; Fr. Gerard’s pseudonym taken by John Wiseman, S.J. xxx.

Stanhope, Sir Thomas; his wife Father Gerard’s aunt ccliii.

Stanley, Sir William; lxii, his wife’s death cxcviii, calls Fr. Gerard cousin cxcix, buys the Liége property cxcix, his forces 236.

Stanley, Sir Thomas; took part with Mary Queen of Scots 26.

Stanny, Thomas, S.J.; xl.

Starkie; Fr. Gerard’s pseudonym taken by Thomas Wiseman, S.J., xxx.

Staunton, _see_ Gerard.

St. Germain, Marquis of; cclviii.

Stoke Pogis; house at cxxxv, searched cxlvi.

Stone, Marmaduke, S.J.; Father Gerard’s MS. received by ccxlix.

Strand; Fr. Gerard’s house near clxii, ccxxiii.

Strange, Thomas, S.J.; tortured in the Tower clxxiv, with Fr. Gerard clxxiv, ccxxix, taken in Warwickshire clxxvii, Mrs. Vaux asks his release clxxxii, 140.

Stratford, Arthur _alias_ Shefford; xvii, ccliv.

Stratforde, John; found in Mr. Wiseman’s house xliv. Stuart Papers at Rome ccxlix.

Suffield, William; William Wiseman’s man, xli, xliv.

Suffolk, Earl of, Lord Chamberlain; marriage proposed between his daughter and Lord Vaux 137, reads the letter 97, searches the vaults 99, examines Fr. Garnett, 173, one of Father Garnett’s judges 226.

Sutton, John; lxvi.

Sutton, William, S.J.; Fr. Gerard’s tutor xii.

Swetnam, Francis; servant to Mrs. Vaux, examined cclvi.

TALBOT, SIR GEORGE, of Grafton, _alias_ Morton; Fr. Gerard calls him cousin cxcix, friend of Maximilian Duke of Bavaria cc, well received by King James and Archbishop Abbot cc, afterwards ninth Earl of Shrewsbury cc.

Talbot, Thomas, S.J.; Novice Master at Louvain cxcv, cclix.

Tanfield, _see_ Gerard.

Taylor, Jeremy; quotation from, on equivocation ccxi.

Tesimond, Oswald _alias_ Greenway _alias_ Philip Beaumont, S.J.; ccxlviii, Bates’ evidence against 136, 211, accused in Proclamation 143, proposed for attainder 165, named by Fr. Garnett 175, cleared by Thomas Winter 220, crossed the sea clxxxii, his narrative cxxvi, ccxlviii, cclv.

Thomson _alias_ Blackburn, Wm.; martyr xv, lxxiii.

Thorpe, John, S.J.; letter to Lord Arundell ccxlix, letter to Father Stone ccli.

Tichburn, Thomas; martyr, betrayed by Atkinson cxxx.

Tierney, Mark Anthony, Canon; on the Communion of the conspirators ccxxiii, on the date of a quoted letter ccxxv.

Titchborn, _see_ Shelley.

Tomson, _see_ Gerard.

Topcliffe, Richard; examinations by lxi, lxxxii, lxxxiv, imprisoned lxxxvi, a prophet lxxxvi, tortures Fr. Southwell 18, describes Fr. Gerard clxxxvii.

Torture in the Tower; manner of xcvii, effects of cv, 189.

Tower; Sir Thomas Stanley, Sir Thomas Gerard and Mr. Roulston in 26, Sir Thomas Gerard in the second time x, 27, Father Gerard removed to xc, Fr. Henry Walpole’s cell in xc, torture in xcvii, beasts in cxii, Mass in cxv, Fr. Gerard escapes from cxvii, Fr. Garnett and Fr. Ouldcorne sent to 160, Anne Vaux taken to 172, Ralph Ashley and John Grissold tortured in 181, Nicholas Owen killed by torture in 182.

Tregian, Thomas; condemned for having an Agnus Dei 39.

Tresham, Francis; his family 90, out with Lord Essex 91, joins the Plot 91, suspected of betraying it 102, taken. 112, when dying retracts what he had said against Fr. Garnett 260, when at Lord Vaux’s cclvi.

Trumbol; English Agent in Belgium cxcviii.

Tutbury Castle; Mary Queen of Scots confined there x, ccliii, 26.

Tyrrel, Anthony; in the Clink lxxxi.

USHER, Bishop of Armagh; his opinion of Powder Plot ccxlviii.

VAUX, ANNE; visits Mrs. Heywood cxxxviii, returns to Lord Vaux’s from a long journey 137, her friendly offices to Father Garnett 167, defended by him at his death 293, deceived by the keeper 168, taken to the Tower 172, her confession 259.

Vaux, Edward Lord; cxxxi, 136, marriage proposed with Earl of Suffolk’s daughter 137, has two houses three miles apart 138, imprisoned clxxxv, cclv, examined by Lord Salisbury 140.

Vaux, Elizabeth; cxxxi, her courage before the Council clxxxii, 140, imprisoned and found at Mass clxxxv.

Vaux, George; marries Elizabeth Roper cxxxii, at Hackney cxxxiv, his mother cxxxv.

Vaux, Sir Ambrose; clxxiv.

Villa Mediana, Conde de; Spanish Ambassador, cxciii, cclvii, had Father Garnett’s straw in his keeping 303.

Vitelleschi, Mutius, General S.J.; sends to the Bishop of Chalcedon to clear Fr. Gerard cclxii.

WADE, SIR WILLIAM; Secretary to Privy Council lxxx, examines Fr. Gerard xciii, ccxvi, while under torture c, professes to bring message from the Queen ci, shows his knowledge of Fr. Garnett’s house in Spital cxliii, reviles Fr. Garnett 162, brings him for trial 225, takes Mr. Tresham’s man 261.

Wales, Prince of; 63, 85, 91.

Walley, _see_ Garnett.

Wallis, Richard and Wm.; found in Mr. Wiseman’s house xliv.

Walpole, Henry, S.J.; martyr 18, xcv, his cell in Tower xc, invoked by Fr. Gerard cxxiii, his constancy 132.

Walpole, Michael, S.J.; serves Fr. Gerard lxv, reconciles a knight clxvi, extract of a letter from ccxlv.

Walpole, Richard, S.J.; at Valladolid, Vice-prefect of the English mission cxciv.

Walsyngham, Sir Francis; his daughter marries Lord Dunkellin and is converted clix, clxi, examines Br. Emerson ccliv.

Waltham, Great; Northend in xxxi.

Watson’s; his treason hindered by Jesuits 73, specially by Fr. Gerard 74, and by Fr. Garnett 250, he begs pardon of the Society at his death 132, James’ promises to him 214.

West; a messenger between Priests ccliii.

Westmoreland; no such of the Society 165.

Weston, William _alias_ Edmunds, S.J.; wears clerical dress in prison lxxxi, in Wisbech xxiv, 282, his virtue 132.

Whitmore, Novice, S.J.; cci.

Whyneyard, Keeper of Wardrobe; lets the vaults 99.

Whyte, Andrew, S.J.; writes to Fr. Gerard for Green cxciii.

Wilkinson, John; finds Father Garnett’s straw 302.

Williams, _see_ Ellis.

Williams; his treason 234, 249, xcv.

Williamson, Ralph; found in Mr. Wiseman’s house xliv.

Willis, Ralph; goes to Lady Gerard’s xxxv, attends on Fr. Gerard xlii, xliii, made Priest at Rome lxv.

Wilson; author of _English Martyrology_ ccxlix.

Wimbish; Braddocks in, xxx.

Winchester Nuns; xxxvii.

Winifred’s (St.) Well; Fr. Garnett’s journey 78, 240, 258, cclxii, Fr. Ouldcorne cured 284.

Winsor, the Lord; his armoury at Warwick 107.

Winter John; tried in Westminster Hall 191, sent to Worcester 266, converts a felon in prison 271, execution 276.

Winter, Robert; his estate and marriage 70, joins the Plot 71, escapes for a time 110, taken 112, tried in Westminster Hall 191, his death 216.

Winter, Thomas; one of the first conspirators 53, of Huddington 58, his scholarship 58, a friend of Catesby 59, is sent to the Constable of Spain 61, 236, 251, wounded and taken 109, his confession ccxxiv, 112, 200, and _passim_, taken to Westminster Hall for trial 191, his death 220, not at Lord Vaux’s cclvi.

Wisbech; prisoners at famished 79.

Wiseman, Anne; a Nun of Sion xxx.

Wiseman, Anne; a widow xlii.

Wiseman, Barbara; Abbess of Sion xxxi.

Wiseman, Bridget; an Augustinianess at Louvain xxxi, crosses the sea xliv.

Wiseman, George; of Upminster, Justice of Peace xlii.

Wiseman, Jane; an Augustinianess at Louvain xxxi, crosses the sea xliv.

Wiseman, Jane; daughter of Sir Edmund Huddleston xxxi, her character lxxviii.

Wiseman, Jane; the widow xxx, her house at Northend xxxi, her pilgrimage to Wisbech xxxi, condemned to _peine forte et dure_ xxxii, her house searched xli, in the Gatehouse lxxxii, confronted with Fr. Gerard lxxxii.

Wiseman, John, S.J.; entered the Society in Rome and died there xxx, pseudonym of Scudamore a Priest xliii.

Wiseman, Mary; daughter of Anne, a recusant xlii.

Wiseman, Mary; daughter of George, a recusant xlii.

Wiseman, Robert; in the Clink xlii, died in battle in Belgium xxxi.

Wiseman, Thomas, S.J.; entered the Society in Rome and died at St. Omers xxx.

Wiseman, William; his house, Braddocks, in Wimbish, xxx, knighted xxxi, his descendants cclv, visits Lady Gerard xxxv, his arrest xlvii, his examination xlviii, Braddocks searched lii, his book written in prison lxxvii, released for money, lives near the Clink, returns to Braddocks lxxviii.

Woodroff, Lady Elizabeth; xxxvi.

Woodward; a Priest cxxviii.

Worcester, Earl of; one of Fr. Garnett’s judges 226.

Worsley; a pursuivant xli.

Wright, Christopher; enters the conspiracy 70, entrusts money to Bates 210, sent to Flanders 236, shot 109.

Wright, John; one of the first conspirators 53, his early life 59, shot 109, taken to Westminster Hall for trial 191.

YELVERTON, SIR CHRISTOPHER; his sister converted xxvi, one of Fr. Garnett’s judges 226.

Yorke; his treason 234, 249.

Yorke, Sir John; brief for his prosecution cclvii.

Young, Richard; examines John Frank xl, William Wiseman l, Fr. Gerard lxi, lxvii, Brother Emerson ccliv, takes a bribe lxix, forswears himself lxvii, ccxviii, dies miserably lxxix.

ZUNIGA, DON PEDRO DE; Flemish Ambassador clxxxiv, cxciii, cclvii, Donna Maria de cxciv.

FOOTNOTES

1 “William Gerard, son of William who died at Eton-hall in 26 Edward III. [1352], by his marriage with Joan, daughter and heiress of Sir Peter Bryn de Brynhill, convertible into Sir Peter Brynhill de Bryn, became possessed of Bryn, Ashton, and other estates, which have remained in the Gerards of Bryn ever since.” ... “This family have had four seats within the township of Ashton, viz., Old Bryn, abandoned five centuries ago; New Bryn, erected in the reign of Edward VI.; Garswood, taken down at the beginning of the present century; and the New Hall, the present residence of the family, built by the Launders about the year 1692, and purchased by the Gerards forty years ago” (Baines, _Hist. of Lancaster_, 1836, vol. iii., pp. 637, 639).

_ 2 Infra_ p. 27.

3 Tutbury is in Staffordshire, on the borders of Derbyshire, near to Etwal.

4 Public Record Office, _Domestic, Elizabeth_, vol. 215, n. 19. “Return of Prisoners in the Tower,” endorsed in Lord Burghley’s hand, “2 Julii, 1588” [an error for August]. “April 1, 1585. _Imprimis_, the Earl of Arundel, prisoner three years four months.... August 23, 1586. Sir Thomas Gerard, Knight, prisoner one year eleven months: indicted for treason.” At the end of the list are the names of five Priests “committed for religion.” From the Tower Sir Thomas Gerard was removed to the Counter in Wood-street (_Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 217, n. 27).

5 Sir Gilbert Gerard was of the family of the Gerards of Ince, a younger branch of the Gerards of Bryn. His eldest son, Sir Thomas, was the first Lord Gerard of Gerards Bromley.

_ 6 Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 187, n. 48, viii.

7 P. R. O., _Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 251, n. 14. Feb. 3, 1595.

8 Probably Edmund Lewckener, who appears in the College books as one of the new fellows on Sir W. Petre’s foundation in 1566.

9 Prece vel pretio (MS.).

10 John Elmer, Bishop of London from 1576 to 1588.

11 There were 47 Catholics in the prison, of whom 11 were Priests, amongst whom were William Hartley and John Adams, future martyrs, and William Bishop, the first Vicar Apostolic (P. R. O., _Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 170, n. 11).

12 In a letter dated October 3, 1614 (Stonyhurst MSS., _Angl. A._, iv., 24), Father Gerard says that “7 florins of Liége make but 6 of Brabant, 12s. English.” So we may turn his florins into pounds by taking off the last cypher.

13 Another occasion may present itself for placing before the reader the many anecdotes of the English Martyrs related in the Autobiography, that are now passed over.

14 Father Gerard was present, he says, at the martyrdom of William Thomson, who suffered at Tyburn, April 20, 1586. Father Holt became Rector of the English College at Rome, October 24, 1586; and the name of John Gerard is the first entry for 1587 in the College Catalogue.

15 When Father Gerard has occasion, in his Narrative of the Powder Plot, to relate what he knows of Father Ouldcorne’s history, he gives an account of this journey (_infr._ p. 279).

16 P. R. O., _Domestic, Eliz._ vol. 217, n. 81.

17 P. R. O., _Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 199, nn. 95, 96.

_ 18 Ibid_, vol. 217, n. 3. The Calendar gives for its date Oct. 1, 1588. The postscript of the letter bears the date “8 Septembris.”

19 They both suffered in Fleet Street; Christopher Bales on March 4, 1590, and George Beesley on July 2, 1591. They were condemned under the statute 27 Elizabeth, for being made Priests beyond the seas and exercising their functions in England.

20 Ad subcuratorem pacis, et ad censorem (MS.). The above are conjectural renderings. These seem to have been only village officials.

21 Irenarchâ aut curatore pacis (MS.).

22 Ut vanitas veritatem occultet (MS.).

23 Father William Weston, commonly called Father Edmonds.

24 The name “Yelverton” is added in the margin. Sir Christopher Yelverton was at this time Queen’s Serjeant, and subsequently Speaker of the House of Commons, and Puisne Judge of the King’s Bench. He died in 1607. His son, Sir Henry Yelverton, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, condemned Father Edmund Arrowsmith in 1628, and died in the January following.

25 Dr. Andrew Perne, Master of Peter-house, Cambridge, and second Dean of Ely. He is incidentally mentioned by Miss Strickland as having changed his religion four times (_Lives of the Queens of England_, vol. vii., p. 208).

26 “It [Braddocks] seems to have been formerly moated round, and two sides of the moat remain at present” (Morant, _History of Essex_, London, 1768, vol ii., p. 559).

27 Their names appear in 1580, among the signatures of the thirty Nuns of Sion, then at Rouen, in a petition to the Catholics of England, praying them not to allow “the only Religious Convent remaining of our country” to perish for want of support (Public Record Office, _Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 146, n. 114). The convent reached Lisbon in 1594, and in 1863 returned to England and settled at Spetisbury, near Blandford. It is the only Religious House in England that can trace an unbroken descent from a foundation made before the Reformation. Sion House was founded by Henry V. in 1413.

28 William is said to have been knighted at a later date. Three baronetcies were conferred on various branches of the family, William of Canfield (1628), Richard of Thundersley (1628), and Sir William Wiseman, Knight, of Riverhall (1660). The two last mentioned are extinct. The Wisemans of Braddocks were descended from John Wiseman, Esq., ancestor of the present baronet, who purchased the estate in Northend about 1430, and was the first of the family who lived in Essex.

29 P. R. O., _Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 247, n. 3.

30 “While the house at Sawston was erecting, Sir Edmund resided on his estates in Essex, and served the office of Sheriff for that county in 20, 21, [1578-9] and 30 Elizabeth” [1588] (Burke’s _Landed Gentry_, 1850, vol. i., p. 602).

31 The relationship is by affinity and half-blood. Jane, daughter of Sir William Dormer, by his first wife, Mary Sidney, married Don Gomez Suarez, Count of Feria; and Dorothy’s father, Robert Lord Dormer, was a son of Sir William, by his second wife, Dorothy Catesby (Burke’s _Peerage_).

32 Lady Penelope Devereux, daughter of Walter first Earl of Essex, wife of Robert third Lord Rich, afterwards Earl of Warwick.

33 Charles Blount, eighth Baron Mountjoy, who in 1603 was created Earl of Devonshire. He was married December 26, 1605, to Lady Rich, after her divorce, and in the lifetime of her husband, by William Laud, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury. The Earl of Devonshire died in a few months after this marriage, April 3, 1606.

34 William Wiseman, Richard Fulwood, and Ralph Willis were with Father Gerard at Lady Gerard’s house before Michaelmas, 1592 (P. R. O., _Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 248, n. 103).

35 Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, was beheaded at York, in 1572. He had four daughters: Elizabeth, wife of Richard Woodroff; Lucy, wife of Sir Edward Stanley; Jane, wife of Lord Henry Seymour; and Mary, the second Abbess of the English Benedictine Convent at Brussels.

36 This venerable Community was transferred in 1794 to Winchester, and in 1857 to East Bergholt, in Suffolk. This was the first English Convent founded after the Reformation, and the first to come to England at the French Revolution.

37 When this was written, the strict laws of Urban VIII. had not yet been made, which forbid the introduction of any public religious veneration except by the authority of the Holy See.

38 Defecerunt scrutantes scrutinio (MS.).

39 P. R. O., _Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 248, n. 103.

40 P. R. O., _Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 247, n. 3.

41 “Robert Wiseman, her other son, is also an obstinate recusant and will by no means take the oath. He is prisoner in the Clink.” (Young, Apr. 14, 1594. P. R. O., _Dom. Eliz._, vol. 248, n. 68).

42 The Lady Mary Percy, of whom mention has been previously made. She “was a devout Catholic, and had come to London a little before my imprisonment, to get my help in passing over to Belgium, there to consecrate herself to God. She was staying at the house of her sister,” who had lost the faith, Jane, the wife of Lord Henry Seymour, with whose Protestant servants Father Gerard was confronted later on. “I dined with them on the day the witnesses mentioned. It was Lent; and they told how their mistress ate meat, while the Lady Mary and I ate nothing but fish ” (_infr._ p. lxviii.).

43 He had previously said that “between Midsummer and Michaelmas last, Scudamore the Priest was there by the name of John Wiseman and stayed there one night.” John was apparently the name of the younger Jesuit, who died in the Novitiate at Rome.

44 Amongst the letters seized at Braddocks in a search apparently in 1592, was one “sent by Dolman the Priest to Mrs. Wiseman, dated 28 die Jun., advertizing her of her son Thomas and her son John their healths, and of his going to Wisbech, and that he was sorry her daughter Jane had no warning whereby she might have wrote an epistle in Latin to the Priests at Wisbech, that they might have understood her zeal” (P. R. O., _Dom. Eliz._, vol. 243, n. 95).

45 P. R. O., _Dom. Eliz._, vol. 248, n. 68.

46 Young adds, “Mr. Wiseman and his mother had many more servants, both men and maids, all which were recusants, and none of them would come to church, to the great offence and scandal of all Her Majesty’s good subjects in that country.”

47 Stonyhurst MSS. _P._, ii., p. 550.

48 Mr. “Homulus” is Ralph Emerson, the Lay-brother, of whom Father Campion wrote to the General, “Homulus meus et ego” (_infr._ p. lxx). It was of the greatest consequence that no names to strike the eye should appear in letters, in case they were intercepted.

49 Probably White Webbs in Enfield Chase, called “Dr. Hewick’s house” (P. R. O., _Gunpowder Plot Book_, n. 70).

50 P. R. O., _Dom. Eliz._, vol. 248, n. 36.

51 In the original the words “is Richard Fulwood” are interlined, and “he will not tell” underlined or erased.

52 Being learned. _Erased in Orig._

53 It was of the last importance for the friends of a prisoner to know, if possible, what replies he had really given, not only that they might take measures, if necessary, for their own safety, but also that they might know how far to go in their own answers when summoned. The persecutors were constantly in the habit of publishing all sorts of pretended replies which they said had been given by prisoners in their secret examinations, so that prisoners seized every possible opportunity of communicating the truth to their friends, often, as we shall see, in the most ingenious way.

54 It will be noticed, both from this passage and many others, that the persecuted Catholics followed that common doctrine of theologians, maintained also by many Protestant moralists, that an unjust oppressor has no right, by the law of God, to exact or expect true answers from his victims, if such true answers would help his unjust designs, except where the question is of the faith of the prisoner. It is quite likely that many will be startled now-a-days at such direct denials, owing to our present freedom from those extreme circumstances in which such denials were then made. Their own lives were at stake, or those of other innocent persons, whom it would have been a sin to betray; and for those persons’ sake, if they held such denials to be lawful, they were bound to make them. The English law, with a tenderness then unknown, would now protect a man from all efforts to make him criminate himself. The persecutors themselves, who showed so great indignation at their victims’ falsehoods, told lies systematically _in order to ensnare the Catholics_; a thing which no code of morality ever countenanced, whether Catholic or Protestant. We propose to discuss this subject more fully in the sequel.

55 This was the unfortunate Countess of Arundel, whose husband, Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, was at this time (1594) in the tenth year of his imprisonment in the Tower. He died the following year in the same prison, the noblest victim to the jealous and suspicious tyranny of Elizabeth, _non sine veneni suspicione_, as his epitaph still testifies.

56 This holy martyr’s true name was Nicholas Owen. Father Gerard gives an interesting account of him in the Narrative of the Powder Plot (_infra_ p. 182).

57 We learn from Frank that it was called Middleton’s.

58 Sir Thomas Egerton, afterwards Lord Ellesmere and Viscount Brackley, was Attorney General at this date, 1594, and Lord Chancellor in 1609, when this was written. His having been a Catholic is not mentioned by his biographers.

59 Father Gerard was first confined in the Counter, as he tells us later. Father Garnett in one of his letters speaks of the Counter as “a very evil prison and without comfort.” There were in London three prisons of this name: the Counter, a part of the parish church of St. Margaret in Southwark; the Counter in the Poultry, “some four houses west from the parish church of St. Mildred”; and the new Counter in Wood-street, removed from Bread-street in 1555 (Stow’s _Survey of London_, ed. Thoms, pp. 99, 131).

60 Even the gentle Father Southwell could not but show his estimate of this reprobate man. We translate the following from Father More’s _History of the English Province_, l. v., n. 15. “Though he readily answered the questions of others, yet if Topcliffe interposed he never deigned him a reply; and when asked the cause of this, he answered: ‘Because I have found by experience that the man is not open to reason.’ ”

61 Stonyhurst MSS., _Angl. A._, vol. ii., n. 27; _P._, vol. ii., f. 604.

62 This was a prison in Southwark, adjoining the palace of the Bishops of Winchester. In Father More’s Latin Narrative it appears as _Atrium Wintoniense_. “It was a small place of confinement on the Bankside, called the Clink from being the prison of the ‘Clink liberty or manor of Southwark,’ belonging to the Bishops of Winchester” (Brayley, _History of Surrey_, vol. 5, p. 348).

63 Father Garnett writes, Nov. 19, 1594: “Sir Thomas Wilks goeth into Flanders, as it is thought for peace; whereupon the arraignment of the three Jesuits, Southwell, Walpole, and Gerard, is stayed. Gerard is in the Clink, somewhat free; the other two so close in the Tower that none can hear from them” (Stonyhurst MSS., _P._, ii., p. 550).

64 “There is a little fellow called Ralph, who is in England for Father Persons, is a great dealer for all the Papists; he is a very slender, brown little fellow” (Confession of Ralph Miller. P. R. O., _Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 173, n. 64).

65 John Rigby suffered at St. Thomas’ Watering, June 21, 1600, for having been reconciled by a Catholic Priest.

66 Ann Line executed at Tyburn, Feb. 27, 1601, for harbouring a Catholic Priest. “She told her confessor, some years before her death, that Mr. Thomson (Blackburn), a former confessor of hers, who ended his days by martyrdom in 1586, had promised her, that if God should make him worthy of that glorious end he would pray for her, that she might obtain the like happiness” (Challoner, from Champney’s MS. History).

67 Francis Page, S.J., suffered at Tyburn, April 20, 1602, for his Priesthood.

68 These words are given in the MS. in English.

69 Roger Filcock, S.J., _alias_ Arthur, executed for his Priesthood, with Mark Barkworth, _alias_ Lambert, O.S.B., and Ann Line, at Tyburn, Feb. 27, 1601.

70 John Jones, _alias_ Buckley, suffered at St. Thomas’ Watering, July 12, 1598; and Robert Drury at Tyburn, Feb. 26, 1607, for being Priests in England.

71 Tres valedictiones mundo datæ a tribus in diverso statu morientibus (MS.).

72 Qualis vita, finis ita (MS.).

73 “Morbum regium” (MS.). Consumption is a form of scrofula, or King’s evil, and seems to be the form most likely to be brought on by the causes here mentioned. In classical Latin, however, _morbus regius_ signifies _jaundice_; and this may be the meaning here.

74 Father Bartoli, in his _Inghilterra_ (bk. v., ch. 13), has the following passage about Father Gerard, whom he knew personally at Rome: “At his first entrance into this prison (the Clink) he procured himself a habit of the Society, and continued to wear it from that time forward, even in the face of all London when he was being taken to his different examinations; so that the people crowded to see a Jesuit in his habit, while the preachers were all the more exasperated at what they thought an open defiance of them.”

Father Weston in his Narrative (Father Laurenson’s copy, p. 93) gives it as one of the signs that warned Catholics that Anthony Tyrrel was wavering in his faith, that without any necessity, in the Clink prison, he would wear secular dress. His own clerical costume in prison he mentions as a matter of course. “Egressus sum sequenti die, mutato habitu in sæcularem” (p. 98).

75 The Gatehouse prison, near the west end of the Abbey, “is so called of two gates, the one out of the College court towards the north, on the east side whereof was the Bishop of London’s prison for clerks convict; and the other gate, adjoining the first, but towards the west, is a gaol or prison for offenders thither committed” (Stow, p. 176).

76 The celebrated theologian and controversialist, Dr. Sanders, was sent as Papal Legate into Ireland by Gregory XIII. in 1579.

77 Gabriel Goodman, Dean of Westminster from 1561 to 1601.

78 William Atkinson, the apostate Priest, in a letter to Blackwell the Archpriest, dated Apr. 9, 1602, said that he was in prison with Father Gerard (Bartoli, _Inghilterra_, p. 416). This man dared to offer to poison the Earl of Tyrone in a host (P. R. O., _Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 251, n. 49).

79 Henry Walpole, S.J., was executed at York, April 7, 1595, for his Priesthood.

80 It was Father Walpole’s custom to make notes of his conferences with ministers. In the Public Record Office (_Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 248., n. 51) there is an interesting record in his own hand of his discussions while he was in the custody of Outlaw, the pursuivant.

81 Edmund Campion, S.J., suffered at Tyburn, Dec. 1, 1581, for a pretended conspiracy at Rome and Rhemes. The Act of 27 Elizabeth (1585), which made the mere presence of a Priest in England high treason, had not yet been passed.

82 This was said, of course, because it was dangerous to mention the names of any friends who were still at liberty. It could do no harm to mention those already in prison.

_ 83 Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 262, n. 123.

84 As he supposed. _Erased._

85 Denieth that. _Erased._

86 Denieth that. _Erased._

87 Thinketh that some _substituted for_ knoweth who.

88 Care _substituted for_ charge.

89 Maintenance of, &c, _interlined_.

90 The name ... person _interlined in place of_ to whom.

91 By what name _substituted for_ to whom.

92 The spelling in those days was simply reckless. Father Gerard signs this Examination “Jhon Gerrard;” it is endorsed “Jo. Jerrard;” and Sir Edward Coke’s note on it is “Jarrard.” It becomes difficult to know how to print proper names; _e.g._, Campion or Campian, Persons or Parsons, Garnet or Garnett, Ouldcorne or Oldcorn. In the Narrative of the Gunpowder Plot the form of name is adopted that is most prevalent in the autograph from which it is printed.

93 On the back of a playing card (the seven of spades), which is attached to the original document, is written in Sir Edward Coke’s handwriting:

“Polewhele 1 Walpole 1 PatCullen 1 Annias 31 Willms 1 Squier Jarrard 1.”

Polewhele, Patrick Cullen or O’Collun, Williams, and Squire were all executed for high treason, the latter on the accusation of having, at Father Walpole’s instigation, poisoned the pommel of Elizabeth’s saddle. Annias apostatized after two years’ imprisonment.

94 Scirpicula quaedam duo vel tria ex juncis facta (MS.). It is not easy to understand exactly what these were.

95 Father Gerard’s great stature could not be more clearly indicated. This would of course involve a greater weight of body, and consequently greater severity in this mode of torture. “Erat enim,” says Father More, in his History, “pleno et procero corpore.”

96 Stonyhurst MSS., _P._, vol. ii., f. 547.

_ 97 Ibid._, _Angl. A._, vol. ii., n. 27; P., vol. ii., f. 604.

_ 98 Ibid._, _P._, vol. ii., f. 548.

99 Stonyhurst MSS., _P._, vol. ii., f. 601.

100 These arguments are purposely omitted in this place, and they are reserved for insertion later, when we propose to examine into the morality of the answers made by Father Gerard and others in their judicial interrogations.

101 We find from an extract of one of Father Garnett’s letters in the Stonyhurst MSS. that this gentleman’s name was Arden. “Oct. 8, 1597. Upon St. Francis’ day at night broke out of the Tower one Arden and Mr. Gerard the Jesuit. There is yet no inquiry after him” (_P._, vol. ii., f. 548). Father Bartoli, also, and Father More mention Arden as the name of Father Gerard’s companion. Francis Arden was committed to the Tower, Feb. 22, 1584. He was probably a relation of Edward Arden, who was hanged Dec. 23, 1583, “protesting his innocence of every charge, and declaring that his only crime was the profession of the Catholic religion” (Rishton’s _Diary in the Tower_).

102 The number of piers in Old London Bridge was so large, and offered so great an obstruction to the water, that it was always a service of danger to pass under the arches while the tide was running, and often the river formed a regular cataract at this part.

103 The distance would be something over half a mile.

104 Our readers will remember that at this time each side of the bridge was lined with houses, which looked sheer down into the river.

105 Oct. 4, 1597, says Father Bartoli (_Inghilterra_, p. 426) quoting Father Garnett’s letter of Oct. 8.

106 Quod differtur, non aufertur (MS.).

107 This may very likely be White Webbs in Enfield Chase.

108 Atkinson was not always so unsuccessful. Sir Robert Cecil endorsed the letter quoted in a former note, “Atkinson’s letter, the Priest that discovered Tychburn and was brought me by Mr. Fouler.” Thomas Tichburn suffered at Tyburn, April 20, 1601, for his Priesthood.

109 The Knight Marshal had jurisdiction within the precincts of the Court, that is, twelve miles from the lodging of the Sovereign, even on a progress, though not a chase. The Marshalsea was the prison originally attached to the King’s house, and at first was intended only for the committal of persons accused of offences within the jurisdiction of the Knight Marshal. It stood in High-street, Southwark, on the south side, between King-street and Mermaid-court, over against Union-street (Cunningham’s _Handbook of London_, p. 316). Queen Elizabeth’s Knight Marshal was Sir Thomas Gerard, already mentioned as created by King James Lord Gerard of Gerard’s Bromley.

110 About this time Father Garnett thought of sending Father Gerard out of England, evidently from fear lest, owing to his zeal, he should be recaptured and be still more hardly dealt with, for on March 31, 1598, he wrote to Rome, probably to Father Persons: “Father Gerard is much dismayed this day when I wrote to him to prepare himself to go. He came to me of purpose. Indeed he is very profitable to me, and his going would be wondered at. I hope he will walk warily enough.... You know my mind; if you think it good, I desire his stay. All the rest are well” (Stonyhurst MSS., _P._, vol. ii., f. 551).

111 P. R. O., _Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 233, n. 3.

112 “He was sent to Tournay for his Noviceship in 1594, and towards the end of his second year over-application had so injured his head that he had to be forbidden to use any kind of prayer. Sent to recruit in his native air, he passed through Holland on his way to England. At Flushing he was taken by some English soldiers. The letter he was carrying showing who he was, they threatened him with torture unless he would say who had brought him over from Rotterdam. He was ready to confess anything about himself, but he would say nothing of any one else; so, instead of offering, as he had hoped to do that day, the Sacrifice of the Body of Christ, he offered that of his own, to undergo anything rather than injure others. They hung him up by the hands to a pulley, and then tortured him by twisting a sailor’s rope round his head. During the torture he fixed his mind on the eternity of either pain or joy, and uttered nothing but ‘O eternity!’ The harm the soldiers tried to do him turned out a remedy; for the head-ache and singing in the head, from which he had suffered in the Noviceship, diminished from that time and gradually ceased. He was taken to London in custody and committed to Bridewell, where his cell was an utterly unfurnished turret. He bed was the brick floor and a little straw, till he was helped by the care and charity of his Catholic fellow-prisoners, and of our Father Gerard. The latter, who was in the Clink, kept up a secret correspondence with him, and came to his help both with his advice and money. After about seven months he succeeded in making his escape through the tiling, together with two other Priests and seven laymen” (Father More, _Historia Provinciæ_, l. viii., c. 23).

113 The confession of Ralph Myller (9 Oct. 1584) gives us an insight into the late Lord Vaux’s London house: “This examinant did afterwards meet one Robert Browne, who hath an uncle a Priest with the Lord Vaux, who is a little man with white head, and a little brown hair on his face, goeth in an ash-colour doublet coat and a gown faced with cony, and he was made Priest long sithence at Cambray as this examinate thinketh. This examinant spoke with the Lord Vaux and with his lady at Hackney, after that his son, Mr. George, and the said Robert Browne had told him that this examinant was a tailor of Rhemes; and on Sunday was fortnight this examinant did hear Mass there, whereat were present about xviii. persons, being my lord’s household, and the Priest last before named said the Mass. The said Priest lieth in a chamber beyond the hall, on the left hand the stair that leadeth to the chambers, and the Mass is said in the chapel, being right over the port entering into the hall; and the way into it is up the stair aforesaid, on the left hand, at the further end of the gallery: and there is a very fair crucifix of silver” (P. R. O., _Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 173, n. 64).

114 Anne Vaux and Eleanor, widow of Edward Brooksby, daughters of William third Lord Vaux, by his first wife, Elizabeth, daughter of John Beaumont of Gracedieu, in Leicestershire, Esq. The mother of George Vaux was Mary, sister of Sir Thomas Tresham, of Rushton, in Northamptonshire, Knight.

115 Sir Christopher Hatton, who died childless, November 21, 1591, had built a country house at Stoke Pogis, Bucks (Campbell’s _Lives of the Chancellors_, 3rd edit., vol. ii., p. 180).

116 Patrem Pulvium (MS.). We give the English form of the name on the authority of Dr. Oliver, in his _Collectanea_, s.v. Pullen.

117 In the Public Record Office there is a letter, dated July 22, 1599, purporting to be from Francis Cordale to his partner Balthasar Gybels, at Antwerp, which says, “I wrote to you of one Mr. Heywood’s house searched and a man there taken. I have learned his name since to be John Lilly. He is sent to the Tower upon suspicion of helping Gerard the Jesuit out of the same place” (_Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 271, n. 107).

118 Tali loco qui vocatur _Spitell_ (MS). Spitalfields, a district without Bishopsgate, once belonged to the Priory and Hospital of St. Mary Spital, founded in 1197, in the parish of St. Botolph (Cunningham’s _Handbook of London_, p. 463).

119 John Lilly entered the Society Feb. 2, 1602, æt. 37 (Bartoli, _Inghilterra_, p. 429).

120 In the margin of the MS. is written “Digbæus,” in the same hand as the text.

121 George Abbot was appointed Dean of Winton in 1559, in 1609 Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, from which in about a month he was translated to London, and thence in 1611 to Canterbury. In July, 1621, as he was shooting at a deer with a cross-bow, he shot the keeper, for which King James gave him a dispensation. In 1627 he was sequestered from his office, and his metropolitan jurisdiction put into commission, but about a year after he was restored. He died at Croydon, Aug. 4, 1633, æt. 71.

122 Richard de Burgh, commonly called Richard of Kinsale, from his conduct at that place, Baron of Dunkellin, succeeded his father as fourth Earl of Clanricarde, May 20, 1601. He was subsequently made Earl of St. Albans, and died Nov. 12, 1635. He married Frances, daughter and heiress of Sir Francis Walsyngham, Knight, widow of Robert second Earl of Essex. She died in 1632. Thus Walsyngham’s only child became a Catholic.

123 Qui nunc in rure est (MS.). An evident mistake of the copyist for “in turre,” as is clear from a former passage, where Father Gerard says, “Father Thomas Strange is at present suffering imprisonment in the Tower of London, where he has had to undergo many grievous tortures, and a long solitary confinement. This solitude indeed, if we look only to his natural disposition, cannot but be very irksome and oppressive to him; but _he_ is not solitary who has God always present with him, consoling him, and supplying in an eminent degree and full abundance all those comforts which we are wont to go begging for from creatures.”

124 Sir Ambrose Vaux, Prior of St. John of Jerusalem.

125 This name is written “Lathuilli” in the MS. English names frequently suffer at the hands of this copyist. We have restored the true name by the aid of Dr. Oliver’s _Collectanea_.

126 Father Gerard here gives a summary of his Narrative of the Gunpowder Plot.

127 In a letter addressed by Father Ouldcorne to the Council, dated March 25, 1606, in which he relates all that had passed in the Tower between Father Garnett and himself, but in a way that could not be hurtful to either, the following passage occurs. “Also Mr. Garnett told me that while he was in the Gatehouse he received a note written in orange (but he told me not from whom) whereby he understood that Father Tesimond was gone over sea, and that Father Gerard would presently follow him after he had recovered a little more strength: ‘whereby’ (said Garnett) ‘I gather he hath been lately in some secret place, as we were; but by this I hope he hath recovered his strength, and is also past over the sea’ ” (P. R. O., _Gunpowder Plot Book_, n. 214).

128 Both Father Bartoli and Father More remark that Father Gerard was admitted to the solemn vows of a Professed Father by a special favour, as his learning, owing to the short course of study through which he had passed, fell short of that which the Society requires as a condition of Profession. Father Bartoli says that this “most rare but most just privilege” was conferred on him, “as virtue, in which he exceeded the standard, supplied for the studies in which he fell short of it” (_Inghilterra_, p. 586).

129 Bartoli, _Inghilterra_, pp. 586, 592.

130 Stonyhurst MSS., _Angl. A._, vol. iii., n. 111.

131 P. R. O., _Domestic, James I._, vol. 68, n. 67, and vol. 71, n. 24; Chamberlain to Carleton.

132 P. R. O., _Domestic, James I._, vol. 70, nn. 25, 46, 55; dated August 3, 12, and 20, 1612.

133 P. R. O., _Sign. Man._, vol. iii., n. 6.

134 Rymer’s _Fœdera_, t. xviii., f. 44.

135 P. R. O., _Proclamation Book_, p. 121.

136 P. R. O., _Domestic, Eliz._, vol. 165, n. 21.

137 P. R. O., _Domestic, James I._, vol. 18, n. 19.

138 P. R. O., _Domestic, James I._, vol. 47, n. 96.

139 P. R. O., _Domestic, James I._, vol. 16, n. 88; vol. 18, n. 4.

140 P. R. O., _Domestic, James I._, vol. 18, n. 19.

141 Bartoli, _Inghilterra_, p. 586.

_ 142 Hist. Prov._, lib. vii., n. 43, p. 339.

143 Archives of the English College at Rome, _Scritture_, vol. 30; 1632.

144 Stonyhurst MSS., Father Grene’s _Miscell. de Coll. Angl._, p. 19.

145 Stonyhurst MSS., _Angl. A._, vol. iii., n. 70.

146 More, _Hist. Prov._, lib. vii., cap. 3, p. 291.

147 More, _Hist. Prov._, lib. viii., n. 8, p. 355.

148 Stonyhurst MSS., _Angl. A._, vol. iv., n. 5.

149 This is Father Thomas Laithwaite, also called Kensington (More, _Hist. Prov._, lib. ix., n. 1, p. 391; _supra_ p. clxxvi).

150 In 1617, Sir Thomas Leeds was Prefect and Sir Ralph Babthorpe Secretary of the Congregation of the Blessed Virgin at Louvain (Stonyhurst MSS., _Angl. A._, vol. iv., n. 47). A considerable number of Catholic families had settled in Louvain, and in 1614 they were disturbed by a summons to appear in England under pain of losing their possessions. On a remonstrance being made by the Spanish Ambassador, King James disclaimed the summons, on which the magistrates of Louvain expelled the pursuivant from the town (More, _Hist. Prov._, lib. ix., n. 10, p. 406).

151 Stonyhurst MSS., _Angl. A._, vol. iv., n. 6.

152 The Archduke Albert, Governor of Flanders.

153 Stonyhurst MSS., _Angl. A._, vol. iv., n. 7.

154 Stonyhurst MSS., _Angl. A._, vol. iv., n. 17.

_ 155 Ibid._, n. 22.

156 Father Gerard bought a house and ten acres of land; and the price was less than “200_l._ in present money and the rent of 30_l._ with which the house and grounds are already charged, which then we may redeem by little and little, as we get friends to buy it out” (Stonyhurst MSS., _Angl. A._, vol. iv., n. 23). As the rent could be redeemed at fifteen years’ purchase, the whole price was thus under 650_l._

157 More, _Hist. Prov._, lib. ix., n. II, p. 406.

158 “Sir Basil Brooke telleth that our German friend is very well at his house, and in protection of the King, that Canterbury has used him very kindly, and entreated him, as one whose scholarship is famous, to make use of his library [as] it shall please him.” Father Silisdon to Father Owen, August 25, 1614. Endorsed by Father Owen—“Sir Geo. Talbott well entertained by K. and Cant.” (Stonyhurst MSS., _Angl. A._, vol. iv., n. 17).

159 More, _Hist. Prov._, lib. ix., n. 15, p. 414.

_ 160 Ibid._, pp. 415, 424. Maximilian had two sons by his second wife, Mary Anne of Austria, when he was over 60 years of age, and the eldest he named Ignatius.

161 The Priory of Watten, with its revenue of 3000 florins of Brabant, was transferred to the Society in 1611 by James Blase, O. S. F., Bishop of St. Omers. The proposal had been approved of by the King of Spain in 1604, and by Pope Paul V. in 1607, but the jealousy of the English felt by the Archduke Albert delayed the establishment of an English Novitiate there till his death in 1622 (More, _Hist. Prov._, lib. vii., nn. 5-7, lib. ix., n. 17, pp. 294-298, 416).

162 Stonyhurst MSS., _Angl. A._, vol. iv., n. 20.

163 They soon increased in numbers, for in 1617 Father More says there was a Community at Liége of 45, of whom 30 were Novices (p. 424).

164 Stonyhurst MSS., _Angl. A._, vol. iv., n. 29.

_ 165 Ibid._, n. 23.

_ 166 Infra_ p. 110.

167 Stonyhurst, MSS., _Angl. A._, vol. iv., n. 29.

_ 168 Ibid._, n. 31.

_ 169 Ibid._, vol. iii., n. 107.

170 This would appear to be a mention of the death of the “son and brother of an Earl,” Sir Everard Digby’s great friend, who was converted when holding some office in personal attendance on King James, and, after his conversion, received the King’s leave to go to Italy (_supra_ p. clxvi.). The intermediate link is furnished in Father Gerard’s letter to Father Aquaviva, Louvain, August 17, 1612 (Stonyhurst MSS., Angl. A., vol. iii., n. 111). “Now at length our friend Oliver has passed over from Paris to England, for the Treasurer is gone, his and all good men’s enemy.” [Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, died May 24, 1612] “and others are about to succeed him, who, as we hope, entertain for Oliver an ancient and particular affection. Besides, his eldest brother is dead, and the second brother left inheritor of all the honours and wealth, so that a manifold occasion is offered to this our friend of helping himself in temporal affairs, and others to some extent in spiritual and greater goods. Summoned by his family he has left in haste, humbly asking your Paternity’s benediction; in the efficacy of which he disregards all that heretical fury or perverse malice can invent against him. The King is going this summer to his brother the new Earl’s castle, to remain there awhile for hunting. Perhaps Oliver will take that occasion of presenting himself to the King, who liked him when he was in his service before he entered the service of God, and whom he has never offended in anything, except in choosing to be an abject in the House of God, rather than to dwell in the tabernacles of men.” We have here the necessary data for determining that the convert in question was Sir Oliver Manners, fourth son of John fourth Earl of Rutland, knighted at Belvoir Castle, April 22, 1603, by James I. on his coming from Scotland. The eldest brother Roger, fifth Earl, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Philip Sidney, and died without issue, June 26, 1612, when he was succeeded by his brother Francis.

171 Father Edward Coffin was Confessor of the English College for nearly twenty years. He was succeeded by Father Gerard, who held the same office for the last fifteen years of his life.

172 Dr. Oliver has misread this date 1611. Cardinal Bellarmine was born October 4, 1542, so that he would be in his seventy-seventh year in 1618-9.

173 Dr. Oliver says that Father Silisdon succeeded Father Gerard as Rector and Master of Novices in 1620, and transferred the Novitiate to Watten in 1622. Father More (_Hist. Prov._, p. 416) may certainly so be understood, but it is clear from the _Florus Anglo-Bavaricus_ (p. 11) that Father Gerard was Rector in March, 1622, and that the transfer to Watten took place in 1625. And in the Archives of the English College at Rome (_Scritture_, vol. 30), in a notice of him written in 1632, he is said to have been Rector of the English Noviceship at Liége for eight years.

174 Stonyhurst MSS., _P._, vol. ii., f. 532.

175 Fiat in me, de me et per me, et circa me, sanctissima et dulcissima voluntas Tua, in omnibus et per omnia, nunc et semper ac in æternum. Amen (MS.).

176 An allusion, no doubt, to one of the Belgian Sanctuaries of our Blessed Lady, perhaps that at Montaigu.

177 Stonyhurst MSS., Father Grene’s _Miscell. de Coll. Angl._, p. 19, quoting “Baines his diary.”

_ 178 Supra_ p. xxi.

_ 179 Supra_ p. cxl.

_ 180 Infra_ p. 244.

_ 181 Apologia pro Vita sua_, by John Henry Newman, D.D. London, 1864, p. 418. The reader’s attention is earnestly called to Dr. Newman’s treatment of this subject, both at the page quoted, and in the Appendix, p. 72. To the Protestant authors quoted above may be added Mr. Froude (_History of England_, vol. ii., ch. vi., p. 57, note). “It seems obvious that a falsehood of this sort is different in kind from what we commonly mean by unveracity, and has no affinity with it.... Rahab of Jericho did the same thing which Dalaber did” [a Protestant, who gave false answers and swore to them, to save Garret, his fellow] “and on that very ground was placed in the catalogue of Saints.”

_ 182 Supra_ p. li.

_ 183 Supra_ p. lxviii.

_ 184 Supra_ p. lxxxii.

_ 185 Supra_ p. cxiv.

186 Ostendi non esse hoc falsum dicere (MS.).

187 This was the wretched Anne Bellamy, a young Catholic gentlewoman, who for some overbold denunciation of the persecutors was given into the custody of the ruffian Topcliffe, and was so deeply depraved by him, as to be brought to the almost incredible infamy of serving as his tool to inveigle and betray Priests.

188 In subornatâ gubernatione Reipublicæ (MS.). There is clearly some blunder here. Probably we ought to read “subordinatâ;” yet, even so, the phrase is not very intelligible. We have judged of the sense intended, by the context.

189 Sir Walter Scott’s words have been often quoted, and they are fair specimens of what an honourable man considers lawful. As they were no hasty and unconsidered expressions, they are deserving of insertion in this place. Lockhart calls them “a style of equivoque which could never seriously be misunderstood.” To John Murray Scott wrote: “I give you heartily joy of the success of the Tales, although I do not claim that paternal interest in them which my friends do me the credit to assign me. I assure you I have never read a volume of them until they were printed, and can only join with the rest of the world in applauding the true and striking portraits which they present of old Scottish manners. I do not expect implicit reliance to be placed on my disavowal, because I know very well that he who is disposed not to own a work must necessarily deny it, and that otherwise his secret would be at the mercy of all who choose to ask the question, since silence in such a case must always pass for consent, or rather assent. But I have a mode of convincing you that I am perfectly serious in my denial—pretty similar to that by which Solomon distinguished the fictitious from the real mother—and that is, by reviewing the work, which I take to be an operation equal to that of quartering the child.” And, in a letter written two years later, he says: “I own I did mystify Mrs. —— a little about the report you mention; and I am glad to hear the finesse succeeded. She came up to me with a great overflow of gratitude for the delight and pleasure, and so forth, which she owed to me on account of these books. Now, as she knew very well that I had never owned myself the author, this was not _polite_ politeness, and she had no right to force me up into a corner and compel me to tell her a word more than I chose, upon a subject which concerned no one but myself—and I have no notion of being pumped by any old dowager Lady of Session, male or female. So I gave in dilatory defences, under protestation to add and eik; for I trust, in learning a new slang, you have not forgot the old. In plain words, I denied the charge, and as she insisted to know who else _could_ write these novels, I suggested Adam Fergusson as a person having all the information and capacity necessary for that purpose. But the inference that he _was_ the author was of her own deducing; and thus ended her attempt, notwithstanding her having primed the pump with a good dose of flattery” (Lockhart’s _Memoirs of Sir Walter Scott_, 1844, pp. 338, 389).

190 We translate partly from Bartoli, _Inghilterra_, lib. v., c. 9, and partly from More, _Hist. Prov._, lib. v., c. 29.

191 Father Bartoli here asks us to contrast the pious horror expressed by the officials at Father Southwell’s doctrine with the fact related by Father Gerard (_supra_ p. lxvii.) of the magistrate Young swearing on the Scriptures to what he knew to be false, that Father Southwell had expressed a desire to confer with a Protestant minister with the view of abandoning the Catholic faith.

192 This last consideration applies, of course, not to the general question of equivocation (for in that case it would involve a _petitio principii_), but to the sub-question whether supposing a simple equivocation lawful (_i.e._, allowing it to be no violation of veracity in some cases), it could ever be lawful to add to it the confirmation of an oath. Father Southwell maintains reasonably, that whatever it is lawful to say, it is lawful also to swear to, provided the other conditions for an oath are present.

_ 193 Infra_ p. 244.

_ 194 Gunpowder Plot Book_, n. 217A.

195 Cowetry (MS.). If this word is read thus correctly, it is a curious proof of the antiquity of the phrase “being sent to Coventry.”

196 “One necessary condition,” says Father Garnett in another paper (P. R. O., _Domestic, James I._, vol. 20, n. 2), “required in every law is that it be just. For if this condition be wanting, that the law be unjust, then is it _ipso facto_ void and of no force, neither hath it any power to oblige any. And this is a maxim, not only of divines, but of Aristotle and all philosophers. Hereupon ensueth that no power on earth can forbid or punish any action which we are bound unto by the law of God, which is the true pattern of all justice. So that the laws against recusants, against receiving of Priests, against confession, against Mass, or other rites of Catholic religion, are to be esteemed as no laws by such as steadfastly believe these to be necessary observances of the true religion.

“Likewise Almighty God hath absolute right for to send His preachers of His Gospel to any place in the world. ‘Euntes decete omnes gentes.’ So that the law against Priests coming into the realm sincerely to preach, is no law, and those that are put to death by virtue of that decree are verily martyrs because they die for the preaching of true religion.

“Being asked what I meant by true treason, I answer that that is a true treason which is made treason by any just law, and that is no treason at all which is made treason by an unjust law.”

197 Dodd’s _Church History_, ed. Tierney, vol. iv., p. 44, note.

_ 198 History of England_, ed. 1849, vol. vii., p. 44.

_ 199 Supra_ p. clxii.

_ 200 Supra_ pp. clxxiv., clxxvii.

_ 201 Supra_ p. clxxvi.

202 Faulks’ confession, P. R. O., _Gunpowder Plot Book_, n. 54.

_ 203 Infra_ p. 59.

204 In the King’s own hand. P. R. O., _Gunpowder Plot Book_, n. 17.

_ 205 Calendar of State Papers_, by M. E. Green. James I., 1603-10, p. 247.

206 P. R. O., _Gunpowder Plot Book_, n. 164.

207 Dodd’s _Church History_, by Tierney, vol. iv., p. cii.

208 Vol. viii., p. 543.

209 Tierney’s _Dodd_, vol. iv., p. cv. The original letter is now in the archives of the Archbishop of Westminster.

210 Vol. iii., p. 37, note.

211 Tierney’s Dodd, vol. iv., p. cvi.

212 Vol. vii., p. 542.

213 See Narrative, _infra_ p. 79.

_ 214 Domestic, James I._, vol. xviii., n. 35.

_ 215 Supra_ p. clxxix; _infra_ p. 208

216 Here the paper is torn, and three or four words are consequently illegible.

_ 217 Inghilterra_, lib. vi., cap. 6, p. 513.

218 He was then Confessor in the English College at Rome.

219 Lib. vii., n. 44, p. 339.

_ 220 Angl. A._, vol. iv., n. 92.

_ 221 Inghilterra_, pp. 510, 512.

222 Bartoli, _Inghilterra_, lib. vi., c. 6, p. 510.

_ 223 History of England_, ed. 1849, vol. vii., p. 549.

224 There is a letter extant from Father Blount, the Provincial, to the General, dated Feb. 10, 1632, which has been understood to relate to the accusation against Father Gerard, or to a similar accusation against some other member of the Society. It must, however, relate to some other matter, as it says, “Vivit enim adhuc author ipse criminis,” and that the alleged offence took place five years before the entrance into the Society of the Father in question.

225 Oliver’s _Collectanea S. J._

226 Father Martin Grene wrote a letter (Stonyhurst MSS., _Angl. A._, vol. v., n. 69) to his brother, January 1, 1665, addressed, “for Mr. Christopher Grene, at Hilton” [Hilton, _i.e._, Hill-town, meant Rome, as in the same language _customer_ was the Archpriest, _physicians_ were Priests, _workmen_, secular Priests, _journeymen_, Jesuits, &c.]. His brother had asked him to give what help he could to Father Bartoli. Speaking of the Gunpowder Plot, he says, “I had once occasion to inform myself of that history, and I found none better than the two books of Eudæmon Johannes, the one _Ad actionem Edouardi Coqui Apologia pro P. Hen. Garnetto_, the other, _Parallelus Torti ac Tortoris_. Though the things be there spread and scattered, yet they are (if collected) very pertinent to clear Father Garnett and ours; for example, among other things this is one, that the traitors had among themselves made an oath that they would never speak of their designs to any Priests, because they knew they would not allow of it; also, that they were specially offended with the Jesuits for preaching patience and submission. There are divers other circumstances which manifestly excuse ours. I had a relation made me by one of ours who had it in Civil [Seville], which clearly shows that the whole Plot was of Cecil’s making; but it being only told by an old man, who forgot both times and persons, I believe I shall never make use of it. Yet I have heard strange things, which, if ever I can make out, will be very pertinent. For certain the late Bishop of Armagh, Usher, was divers times heard to say that if Papists knew what he knew, the blame of the Gunpowder Treason would not lie on them. And other things I have heard, which, if I can find grounded, I hope to make good use of. It may be if you write Civil to my brother Frank, he will, or somebody else there, give you some light in this business.”

227 This Philip Beaumont was Father Oswald Tesimond, _alias_ Greenway, (More, _Hist. Prov._, l. vii., n. 40, p. 336).

228 For our translation we are indebted to the pen of Father Kingdon. Portions of it have appeared in the _Month_, and, rendered into French by Father Forbes, in the _Etudes Théologiques_ at Paris.

_ 229 Collectanea M_, f. 52 h.

230 “For whom He foreknew, He also predestinated to be made conformable to the image of His Son” (Rom. viii. 29).

231 “If we be dead with Him, we shall also live with him: if we suffer, we shall also reign with Him” (2 Tim. ii. 11).

232 “As you are partakers of the sufferings, so shall you be also of the consolation” (2 Cor. i. 7).

233 “The flesh of Thy saints and the blood of them they have shed round about Jerusalem, and there was none to bury them” (1 Mach. vii. 17).

234 “They were stoned, they were cut asunder, ... they were put to death by the sword, they wandered about in sheep-skins,” &c. (Heb. xi. 37).

235 “No man cometh to the Father but by Me” (St. John xiv. 6).

236 “Ought not Christ to have suffered these things, and so to enter into His glory?” (St. Luke xxiv. 26).

237 “You shall lament and weep, but the world shall rejoice, and you shall be made sorrowful.... In the world you shall have distress” (St. John xvi. 20, 33).

238 “And your joy no man shall take from you” (St. John xvi. 22).

239 “The gates of hell shall not prevail” (St. Matt. xvi. 18).

240 “A great tempest arose in the sea, so that the boat was covered with waves” (St. Matt. viii. 24).

241 “There came down a storm of wind upon the lake, and they were filled and were in danger” (St. Luke viii. 23).

242 “I sleep and My Heart watcheth” (Cant. v. 2).

243 “Stones, polished smooth by blow and pressure, are fitted together each in place by workman’s hand, and set in order, ever to abide in the sacred fane.”

244 The passages in this Preface enclosed in brackets are alterations in the original MS. made in another but contemporary handwriting. The erasures in the original are given in the footnotes.—ED.

245 I say. _Orig._

246 Such a Lord and so true and liberal a paymaster. _Orig._

247 Whip. _Orig._

248 To be inflamed. _Orig._

249 “For I mean not that others should be eased and you burthened, but by an equality. In this present time let your abundance supply their want, that their abundance also may supply your want” (2 Cor. viii. 13, 14).

250 “Take unto you the armour of God, that you may be able to resist in the evil day and to stand in all things perfect” (Ephes. vi. 13).

251 Catholics. _Orig._

252 For. _Orig._

253 Contrary party. _Orig._

M1 Sir Everard Digby in clearing the Society.

254 Actors. _Orig._

255 Until the whole matter was plotted and prepared and had been without doubt. _Orig._

256 This discourse following. _Orig._

257 But the contrary from. _Orig._

258 But. _Orig._

259 “True justice hath compassion, but that which is false indignation.”

260 Should. _Orig._

261 No impatience but zeal. _Orig._

262 Desperate. _Orig._

263 “Let us all die in our innocency, and heaven and earth shall be witnesses for us that you put us to death wrongfully.” “If we shall all do as our brethren have done, and not fight against the heathen for our lives and our justifications, they will now quickly root us out of the earth.” 1 Mach. ii. 37, 40.

264 But said one to another. _Orig._

265 This might seem to have come into their minds if we shall judge. _Orig._

266 That they will follow the rule of the Apostle, saying, “Fratres, si præoccupatus fuerit homo in aliquo delicto, vos qui spirituales estis hujusmodi instruite in spiritu lenitatis.” This is not to condemn them severely, to cry out against them, to inveigh bitterly against the men and their minds and intentions whatsoever: oh no, “in spiritu lenitatis,” saith the Apostle. We that be Catholics in England do all with one voice grant the fact to be evil, we neither did nor would for a world have concurred with the action; but we pity the persons whom we knew to be otherwise wise and circumspect as any they left behind them; yea, devout and zealous men as any one shall see in a kingdom, and divers of them of so tender consciences that they would not to save their life have deceived their neighbour of a penny, or wittingly have admitted the least offence to God. _Orig._

267 Not only “in the sun and dust” but “in blood” also and “many wounds.”

268 “Bear ye one another’s burdens, and so you shall fulfil the law of Christ” Gal. vi. 2.

269 “The abomination of desolation standing in the holy place” (St. Matt. xxiv. 15).

270 “Cæsar’s friend” (St. John xix. 12).

271 “I wished myself to be an anathema from Christ for my brethren” (Rom. ix. 3).

272 “Of whom the world was not worthy” (Heb. xi. 31).

273 “Lift up your heads because your redemption is at hand” (St. Luke xxi. 25).

274 “The son of such great merits could not perish.”

275 The passage within brackets is erased in the original.

276 Sir Thomas Gerard. _Erased in orig._

277 Sir Thomas Gerard. _Erased in orig._

278 Underlined _in orig._ probably for erasure.

279 This whole paragraph is marked in the original.

280 Were first beat till they cried, and then beaten for crying. _Erased in orig._

M2 Execution of penal laws upon Catholics.

_ 281 Interlined_ 80 crowns _and in another hand_ 88 at least.

M3 The violent manner of searches.

282 “I will search Jerusalem with lamps” (Soph. i. 12).

283 “For if in the green wood they do these things, what shall be done in the dry?” (St. Luke xxiii. 31).

284 “For the time is that judgment should begin at the house of God. And if first at us, what shall be the end of them that believe not the Gospel of God?” (1 St. Peter iv. 17).

285 “They have searched after iniquities: they have failed in their search ... and God shall be exalted: the arrows of children are their wounds” (Psalm lxiii. 7, 8).

286 “For how can he otherwise appease his master, but with our heads?” (1 Kings xxix. 4).

M4 The L. Chancellor, his speech in the Star Chamber. M5 Sir Edward Coke, now L. Chief, in his 5th part of Reports.

287 “Knowest thou not that it is dangerous to drive people to despair?” (2 Kings ii. 28).

288 “The whole head is sick and the whole heart is sad” (Isaias i. 5).

289 “Who hath not forsaken them that hope in Him” (Judith xiii. 17).

290 “Who will not suffer you to be tempted above that which you are able, but will make also with temptation issue, that you may be able to bear it” (1 Cor. x. 13).

291 “Who after you have suffered a little, will Himself perfect you and confirm you and establish you” (1 St. Peter v. 10).

292 “She reacheth from end to end mightily and ordereth all things sweetly” (Wisd. viii. 1).

293 “We must not do evil that good may come.”

294 Where this kind of mark ¶ is found, my meaning is to have a new line begin. _Orig. in marg._

295 “Eructare verbum malum.” _Orig._

296 “That, as the right of hand to hand defence is of the Natural Law, the Superior cannot take it away, or enjoin the contrary.”

297 “For they that will become rich, fall into temptation, and into the snare of the devil” (1 Tim. vi. 9).

298 “Though we be cast into bonds as evil doers, and be brought before Kings and rulers as not being Cæsar’s friends.”

299 “Can peace be hurtful to religion?”

300 “We have received your letters and accept them with all the reverence due to His Holiness and your Paternity. For my part four times up to the present I have hindered disturbances. Nor is there any doubt that we can prevent all public taking up of arms, as it is certain that many Catholics would never attempt anything of this sort without our consent, except under the pressure of a great necessity. But two things make us very anxious. The first is lest some in some one province should fly to arms, and that then very necessity should compel others to like courses. For there are not a few who will not be kept back by a mere prohibition of His Holiness. There were some who dared to ask, when Pope Clement was alive, whether the Pope could prohibit their defending their lives. They further say that no Priest shall know their secrets; and of us by name even some friends complain that we put an obstacle in the way of their plans. Now to soften these in some way, and at least to gain time, that by delay some fitting remedy may be applied, we have advised them that by common consent they should send some one to the Holy Father, which they have done, and I have sent him into Flanders to the Nuncio, that he may commend him to His Holiness, and I have sent by him letters explaining their opinions and the reasons on both sides. These letters are written at some length, as they will be carried very safely. And this for the first danger. The other is somewhat worse, for the danger is lest secretly some treason or violence be shown to the King, and so all Catholics may be compelled to take arms. Wherefore, in my judgment, two things are necessary: first, that His Holiness should prescribe what in any case is to be done; and then, that he should forbid any force of arms to the Catholics under censures, and by Brief publicly promulgated, an occasion for which can be taken from the disturbance lately raised in Wales, which has at length come to nothing. It remains that as all things are daily becoming worse, we should beseech His Holiness soon to give a necessary remedy for these great dangers, and we ask his blessing and that of your Paternity.”

301 This date is an interlineation. Father Gerard has not noticed that the passage “I have a letter from Field,” &c., is taken from the PS. of this letter, and that the PS. bears date 21 Octobris. For this omission he has been severely blamed by Mr. Tierney.—ED.

302 “Hitherto thou shalt come, and shalt go no further, and here thou shalt break thy swelling waves” (Job xxxviii. 11).

303 “All that take the sword, shall perish with the sword” (St. Matt. xxvi. 52).

304 “Lest perhaps gathering up the cockle, you root up the wheat also together with it” (St. Matt. xiii. 29).

M6 The letter sent to the Lord Mounteagle.

305 “Every best gift and every perfect is from above” (St. James i. 17).

306 Is above 60. _Erased in Orig._

307 Neither friends to their persons, nor friends to their religion. _Erased in Orig._

308 But this bruit, indeed, had been the likeliest way to increase their number by the resort of other Catholics from other countries, if the fact itself had not disliked other Catholics, and their minds had not been well prepared beforehand to refuse all such attempts by the persuasion of Father Garnett and others by his direction, according to the order sent from His Holiness and the like commandment also from Father General and Father Persons, as before hath been declared. _Erased in Orig._

309 But expecting belike that divers Catholic gentlemen of those countries (where there be very many, and some of great worth and large estates) should have come unto them. And Mr. Thomas Winter was sent unto one of the greatest (whose daughter Mr. Robert Winter aforesaid had married), but he caused his gates to be shut against him and would not so much as hear him speak. And yet the said gentleman was afterward in great trouble and had like to have lost all his estate, as bearing good-will unto them. _Erased in Orig. The lines of erasure extend over the following sentence also._

310 This must be in. _Orig. in marg._

311 Compare the German “Lohe,” a flame. Some English dictionaries give “Low,” a local and obsolete word, with the same meaning.—ED.

312 He also protested there was no more the conspiracy than those who had there published themselves by that public rising in arms. _Erased in Orig._ This is not good to be in, because of Mr. Tresham, who was one, and not with them. _In marg. in another hand._

313 If he lived so many days, he should have carried from that place and examined, etc. _In marg. in yet another hand._

314 And got to some friends’ houses, where they lived safe for a month or more, but afterwards were discovered and taken. _Erased in Orig._

315 Let all this be in and stand for the end of this chapter, until you come to that which is blotted out. _Orig. in marg._

316 This must be in. _Orig. in marg._

317 All unto this place must be in. _Orig. in marg._ They affirmed constantly there were no other conspirators than were taken. And as for Priests, they did both then and at their death protest there was none in the action, insomuch that it was generally voiced and believed through England that there was no Priest accused or could be touched with the treason, which gave generally great satisfaction both to Catholics and others. And so in right it should still have continued; but the Puritans did much envy that they should be free from blame, upon whom they wished rather that all might light. And therefore they began to practise and work the contrary opinion, first in the King, and afterwards in public show unto the country, as shall afterwards appear. _Erased in Orig._

318 Who had much laboured to possess the King with that opinion as being most for their advantage. _Erased in Orig._

319 By which we may gather that their grief and motives were chiefly for the common cause, as was gathered before out of their own words and protestations. _Erased in Orig._

M7 The Puritans so ready to execute severity upon all Catholics that they were restrained by the King. M8 The first chief point of the King’s speech.

320 Concerning his opinion of his Catholic subjects. _Erased in Orig._

321 Upon this occasion of the disobedience in these few gentlemen. _Erased in Orig._

M9 The second chief point of the King’s speech.

322 “Without faith it is impossible to please God” (Hebr. xi. 6).

323 “For other foundation no man can lay but that which is laid” (1 Cor. iii. 11).

324 “Which unless every one shall believe faithfully and firmly, he cannot be saved: and unless a man shall keep it whole and inviolate, without doubt he will perish for ever.”

325 “The pillar and ground of the truth” (1 Tim. iii. 15).

326 “My people have been silent because they had no knowledge; because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will reject thee” (Osee iv. 6).

327 “Open thy mouth wide and I will fill it” (Ps. lxxx. 11).

328 “A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither can an evil tree bring forth good fruit” (St. Matt. vii. 18).

329 “Not serving to the eye ... but ... as to the Lord” (Col. iii. 22, 23; Eph. vi. 6).

330 “The pride of them that hate Thee ascendeth continually” (Ps. lxxiii. 23).

331 Father William Weston was known by this name.—ED.

332 To be lions within when they seem lambs without. _Erased in Orig._

333 Bates was a very honest and devout man. _Orig. in marg. in another hand._

334 Poor. _Erased in Orig._

335 Earl of Suffolk. _Erased in Orig._

336 Of his ordinary abode. _Erased in Orig._

337 So that you are now in the King’s mercy. _Erased in Orig._

338 And searching they will fail in their search.

339 Whensoever it should please God to permit it. _Erased in Orig._

340 “Horribly and speedily will He appear to you, for a most severe judgment shall be for them that bear rule” (Wisd. vi. 6).

341 One thing was observed by many at that time as markable in respect of the event, although the foresight were but casual, which was a prediction by one of their kind of prophets, one Gresham, a man of special fame amongst them for skill in astrology and making of almanacs, with certain predictions of events, not only of the weather, but of other accidental matters depending of man’s free-will, and therefore far past his skill to divine of. Yet this man, in an almanac which he had set forth for that year of 1605, had assigned for every particular day some special event of things that should then happen. Amongst the rest, the mark which was set upon the day of the date of this proclamation, and in which it was published in London, was this, “Might against right;” which, seeing it was prepared and printed before the proclamation was thought of, it gave many cause to think that the pen of this man was guided by a better foresight than his own, and directed to set down the truth by the same power that could make the beast that Balaam rode upon to reprehend his master, and afterwards caused that covetous Prophet to bless the people of God and to foretell the truth, much against his own inclination and the intention of his coming. _Erased in Orig._

342 “For the anger of man worketh not the justice of God” (St. James i. 20).

343 “No one can snatch them out of the hand of My Father” (St John i. 29).

344 They are “delivered out of the hand of Herod, and from all the expectation of the people of the Jews” (Acts xii. 11).

345 But his hour was come.

346 “What will you give me?” (St. Matt. xxvi. 15).

347 “What accusation bring you against” these men? (St. John xviii. 29).

348 “For envy they had delivered” them (St. Matt. xxvii. 18).

349 If they were not malefactors, the royal power would not have delivered them up.

350 Greenway. _Erased in Orig._

351 “Perverting our nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Cæsar” (St. Luke xxiii. 2).

352 “It is enough for the disciple that he be as his Master” (St. Matt. x. 25).

353 Which was their “hour and the power of darkness” (St. Luke xxii. 53).

354 If this be particularly set down in the former chapter, it may be here left out. _Orig. in marg. in another hand._

355 “With swords and clubs” (St. Matt. xxvi. 47).

356 Into the hands of those that sought their life.

357 Fed “with bread of affliction and water of distress” (3 Kings xxii. 27).

358 That they may suffer together in this world, who are to reign together in the world to come.

359 We “have fought a good fight,” we “have finished the course,” we “have kept the faith” (2 Tim. iv. 7).

360 The crown of justice which was laid up for them, and for those also who love the coming of Christ.

361 From this delation and accusation of his brother.

362 Who must needs have a fling at it, because his place was not to speak much before, when the Council did examine him. _Erased in Orig._

363 “Their feet are swift to shed blood” (Psalm xiii. 3).

364 According to the measure they have meted.

365 As Job to the accusing enemy, to persecute by bloody interrogations and other vexations also, as they should find it needful, reserving his life. _Erased in Orig._

366 And God infatuated “the counsel of Achitophel” (2 Kings xv. 31).

367 “I was in prison and you came to Me” (St. Matt. xxv. 36).

368 “Which believeth all things, hopeth all things” (1 Cor. xiii. 7).

369 This letter was so cunningly counterfeited that it could not be distinguished from Fr. Garnett his own hand, and it was signed also and so licensed to pass with the lieutenant his brand unto it. Yet all such necessaries as the Father writ for and the other sent were seized upon by the Lieutenant, and the Priest himself brought after in great trouble for returning this charitable answer. _Erased in Orig._

370 “Who had followed Jesus from Galilee, ministering unto Him” (St. Matt. xxvii. 55).

M10 The hole in the wall where the FFrs. were overheard.

371 “The world shall rejoice and you shall be made sorrowful, but your sorrow shall be turned into joy ... and your joy no man shall take from you” (St. John xvi. 20, 22).

372 “Woe to you that now laugh, for you shall mourn and weep” (St. Luke vi. 25).

M11 The trouble of Mrs. Ann Vaux.

373 “The sensual man perceiveth not these things that are of the Spirit of God” (1 Cor. ii. 14).

374 Which no man knoweth but he who receiveth it.

375 But the time we cannot certainly learn. _Erased in Orig._

376 In so great a cloud of witnesses.

377 To enlarge or restrain the seal of the secret.

378 Being no causer of it himself, he should not have left them to themselves without seeking to divert them from their purpose; not knowing whether. _Erased in Orig._

379 And the confession being only of his knowledge what others had opened unto him of their intentions so long time after they had begun the practice. _Erased in Orig._

380 Of his knowledge thereof from him, and. _Erased in Orig._

M12 All others of the Society apparently cleared from any knowledge of the Plot.

381 The seal of the secret of confession.

382 Ralph Ashley, for eight years Father Ouldcorne’s servant, is believed, like Nicholas Owen, to have been a Lay-brother of the Society.—ED.

383 18 or 19. _Erased in Orig._

384 “The beginnings of sorrows” (St. Matt. xxiv. 8).

385 But God “will bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and will make manifest the counsels of the hearts” (1 Cor. iv. 5).

386 Now I must set down their proceedings by course of law against the gentlemen that were the conspirators in the treason (of which I formerly treated), and this I will do in this chapter following. _Erased in Orig._

387 This great diligence and often iterated examinations of Father Garnett continued so long that it was almost the end of March before they could bring matters to that pass which hath been declared, and so that they might have any little show to prove the Father guilty against the laws of the realm for his only concealing of that which by the laws of God he could not reveal. _Erased in Orig._

388 The 27th.—ED.

389 Greeneway. _Erased in Orig._

390 As in the last chapter hath been declared. _Erased in Orig._

391 And with divers others. _Erased in Orig._

392 For with the same measure with which they shall have meted, it shall be measured to them again.

M13 The Attorney his Speech. M14 Father Gerard false accused and fully cleared.

393 And namely Fr. Gerard. _Erased in Orig._

394 Related in that discourse set forth by His Majesty, as I said before, was concluded of amongst themselves and. _Erased in Orig._

395 And that after they went into another chamber to confess and to receive the Blessed Sacrament: so that it appears most evidently by His Majesty’s own narration of the conspirators their confessions that Mr. Attorney did that public audience speak _or_ deliver, &c. _Erased in Orig. The following passage in the text from_ For these be the words _to_ he doth not know _are in the margin of the Orig._

M15 The speech of the prisoners at the bar.

396 The sixth.—ED.

397 The ninth.—_Ed._

398 The ninth.—ED.

399 When he meant to publish those foresaid letters he had sent unto the Council, and did withal. _Erased in Orig._

400 That the craftsmen of death should perish by their own craft.

401 As the Earl of Salisbury now is placed in. _Erased in Orig._

402 Of his knowledge touching Father Gerard his innocency. _Erased in Orig._

403 This clause may be omitted in this place, and serve better to be alleged in the last chapter. _Orig. in marg._

M16 Sir Everard Digby his death.

404 Who returned from the execution full of pity towards so worthy a man, yea, so full of admiration of his fortitude and great opinion of his devotion that they could talk almost of nothing else all that day. _Erased in Orig._

405 Here wants something. _In another hand, erased in Orig._

M17 Mr Robert Winter his death. M18 Mr. Thomas Winter his death.

406 This sentence in the original is underlined, and marked with crosses in the margin.

M19 Mr. Rookwood his death.

407 Impugn the known truth.

408 In hatred of the Catholic faith.

409 But the Commission was not read, which was expected as needful. _Erased in Orig._

M20 The speech of Mr. Crooke, the King’s Serjeant.

410 “There is nothing hid, that shall not be revealed; nor secret that shall not be known” (St. Matt. x. 26).

411 God “disappointeth the counsel of the wicked” (Job v. 13).

412 Of many names but of no good name.

413 Speaking signs, the testimonies of circumstances, and the confession of the accused.

M21 The speech of the Attorney-General.

414 For that can never be said too often which cannot be sufficiently well learnt.

415 Public praise is private blame.

416 It is a mistake to use many means when a few will suffice.

417 The author of an evil is more guilty than the actual perpetrator.

418 The Ninth.—ED.

419 (So the Attorney, and truly it is a grief to pass forward in this narration and not to refute such absurd speeches as a man findeth therein, but if I should do so this chapter would be much too long, and it is already sufficiently done by others. He proceedeth:). _Erased in Orig._ The passage is in a different hand.

420 “With the mouth confession is made unto salvation” (Rom. x. 10).

421 While circumstances should remain as they were, and until it should be fitting to carry out the Bull.

422 O well beloved of God, for whom the very air fights, and the winds conspire to come to the trumpet call.

423 Prefect. _Erased in Orig._

424 To the Catholic Princes and Nobles of the whole Kingdom of England.

425 When it shall happen that that miserable woman shall depart this life.

426 Whatsoever be the nearness of blood on which his claim rests.

427 Unexceptionable.

428 Of a cunning and subtle wit and profound perfidy.

429 Take away the faithless people from the boundaries of the Faithful, that we may joyfully give due praises unto Christ.

430 This was the hymn of that time, being the Feast of All Saints, and so applied by Father Garnett to the hindrance of heretics in making heretical laws intended against Catholics. _Erased in Orig._

431 Thus he. But he did not know that my Lord of Salisbury would afterwards tell the case truly that it was done of policy. So we see that Mr. Attorney can add and diminish like a cunning orator. _Erased in Orig._

432 (Either mistaking or misreporting the state of the question). _Erased in Orig._

433 Loses the right of reigning.

434 Dreamed of. _Erased in Orig._

M22 Father Garnett his speech.

435 His long discourse. _Erased in Orig._

M23 1. Concerning Catholic doctrine in general.

436 “Of that day or hour no man knoweth, neither the Angels in heaven, nor the Son, but the Father” (St. Mark xiii. 32; Cf. St. Matt. xxiv. 36).

437 “Go you up to this festival-day: but I go not up to this festival-day” (St. John vii. 8).

438 “Then He also went up to the feast, not publicly, but as it were in private” (St. John vii. 10).

M24 2. Concerning recusants in general.

439 In divinis. _Erased in Orig._

M25 3. The Jesuits in general. M26 4. Father Garnett in particular.

440 Albeit I must acknowledge. _Erased in Orig._

441 Long since. _Erased in Orig._

442 “Thou shalt gain thy brother” (St. Matt. xviii. 15).

443 Upon means made unto me. _Erased in Orig._

444 This part may be omitted. _In marg. against this sentence._

M27 The case concerning innocents, answered by Father Garnett. M28 The prayer objected to Father Garnett answered by him.

445 Agreeing together against the anointed of the Lord (_Vid._ Psalm ii. 2).

446 Indirect. _Erased in Orig._

447 Not to prohibit when possible, is to order.

448 This may be left out. _In marg._

449 Which was indeed. _Erased in Orig._

450 In every place. _Erased in Orig._

451 That they might be crowned with mercies and compassion (Cf. Ps. iii. 4).

452 Ralph Ashley, for eight years Father Ouldcorne’s servant, is believed, like Nicholas Owen, to have been a Lay-brother of the Society.—ED.

453 The Lord Mounteagle’s sister. _Erased in Orig._

454 As you might read in the beginning. _Erased in Orig._

455 Where it is ever found by those that seek it with a penitent heart, which he did, and acknowledged his fault to be exceeding great in betraying those Fathers. And both there publicly in the Shire Hall did ask Father Ouldcorne publicly forgiveness and again at the time of his execution, acknowledging that he had done both them and all the Catholics of England great wrong in being cause of their apprehension. _Erased in Orig._

456 I am uncertain whether he was condemned of felony or treason, because of harbouring a proclaimed traitor. _In marg. in another hand._

457 And the Bishops of Worcester in particular (whose prisoner he had been before that). _Erased in Orig._

458 But none of these causes could they prove, the Father showing that he had not sinned in anything, either against the law or against the King.

459 In which case the gravest casuists of this time. _Erased in Orig._

460 But God, in Whom we can do all things, does not forsake them that hope in Him (Cf. Jud. xiii. 17).

461 Being under the same condemnation, and not as yet fearing God (Cf. St. Luke xxii. 40).

462 Blinded soul. _Erased in Orig._

463 The great blindness of heart. _Erased in Orig._

464 Are elected and. _Erased in Orig._

465 Believe and. _Erased in Orig._

466 Must needs be very. _Erased in Orig._

467 In the same place and. _Erased in Orig._

468 After the old account. _Erased in Orig._

469 Choosing rather without offence to fall into the hands of men than to sin in God’s sight, and dying for justice’s sake, they have gained the Kingdom of Heaven.

470 Father Ouldcorne suffered April 7, 1606, æt. 45. So Dr. Oliver. Father Gerard, _infra._ p. 285, says that he was “near fifty years old.”—ED.

471 Seven, according to Father Henry More.—ED.

472 Shippers. _Erased in Orig._

473 And finding it so in two or three trials. _Erased in Orig._

474 Father Southwell was executed February 21, 1595, æt. 34.—ED.

475 Father Weston was apprehended in 1586, and, after imprisonment in the Clink, was sent to Wisbech Castle in 1587. In 1598 he was prisoner in the Tower of London, and he was banished in 1603.—ED.

476 The place where he remained. _Erased in Orig._

477 Her name is given by Father More as Dorothy Abington.—ED.

478 He founded and governed nearly all the domestic churches in those parts.

479 (As himself did constantly affirm unto me). _Erased in Orig._

480 And his head full of grey hairs, the rather occasioned by his much loss of blood before mentioned. _Erased in Orig._

481 Our Lord doing the will of those who fear Him.

482 “I am come to send fire on the earth, and what will I but that it be kindled?” (St. Luke xii. 49).

483 How “God is wonderful in His Saints” (Ps. xxii. 36).

484 And of the signs by which it hath pleased God to show his innocency and martyrdom. _Erased in Orig._

485 To draw some other great person into. _Erased in Orig._

486 This may be considered whether it be convenient to be left out. _In marg. in another hand._

487 And he gloried in the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, in Whom is his salvation, life, and resurrection, by Whom he is saved and delivered.

488 Dinner. _Erased in Orig._

489 Side. _Erased in Orig._

490 Dr. John Overal, afterwards Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, and Dr. George Abbot, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury.—ED.

491 Staying for him. _Erased in Orig._

492 And perceiving that there was no place of retiring, he began to speak of the present festivity of the Cross. _Erased in Orig._

493 In the matter. _Erased in Orig._

494 Further to be touched than he is. _Erased in Orig._

495 Went to the side of the scaffold. _Erased in Orig._

496 “We adore Thee, O Christ, and we bless Thee, because by Thy holy Cross Thou hast redeemed the world.”

497 “Mary, Mother of grace, Mother of mercy, protect us from the enemy, and receive us at the hour of death.”

498 “Into Thy hands, O Lord, I commend my spirit.”

499 Again, “Maria mater gratiæ, Mater misericordiæ, tu nos,” etc. _Erased in Orig._

500 “By this sign of the Cross, may all that is wicked fly far away. Fix Thy Cross in my heart, O Lord.”

501 (Unto which he was so much devoted). _Erased in Orig._

502 With a happy death. _Erased in Orig._

503 The chapter is unfinished.—ED.

504 And makes “with the temptation issue, that” we “may be able to bear it” (1 Cor. x. 13), bringing forth for us “water out of the rock” (Ps. lxxvii. 16), “and oil out of the hardest stone” (Deut. xxxii. 13).

505 Making “the yoke” to “putrefy at the presence of the oil” (Is. xi. 27).

506 The memory of the prisoner. _Erased in Orig._

507 Whosoever but he. _Erased in Orig._

508 Which “was a burning and a shining light” (St. John v. 35).

509 “Saying, Indeed this was a just man” (St. Luke xxiii. 47).

510 “We suffer tribulation, but are not distressed: we are straitened, but are not destitute: we suffer persecution, but are not forsaken: we are cast down, but we perish not” (2 Cor. iv. 8, 9).

M29 Of the miraculous straw.

511 This was John Wilkinson, who afterwards became a student at St Omers, and on his death-bed in that College dictated a narrative of Father Garnett’s execution and the finding of the straw, which is given by Father More, _Hist. Prov. Angl. S. J._, lib. vii., n. 35.—ED.

512 Is now a scholar in the English College at St. Omers. _Erased in Orig._

513 In such sort as it might not be espied. _Erased in Orig._

514 Her name was Griffin.—ED.

515 Two or three months. _Interlined in Orig_. Wilkinson himself says, “Paucis post diebus.”

516 Father More says it was the Spanish Ambassador, and he gives an attestation of the Baron de Hobocque, dated in 1625, attesting that he had seen it in 1606, when he was in London as Ambassador of the Princes of the Netherlands.—ED.

517 Dr. Richard Bancroft.—ED.

518 The gentlewoman’s. _Erased in Orig._

519 “Was one of them that were at table” (St. John xii. 2).

520 Father Richard Blount, in a letter dated Nov. 8, 1606, says—“A Catholic person in London having kept, since the execution of Mr. Garnett, a straw that was embued in his blood, now these days past, being viewed again by the party and others, they espy in the ear of the straw a perfect face of a man dead, his eyes, nose, beard, and neck so lively representing Mr. Garnett, as not only in my eyes, but in the eyes of others which knew him, it doth lively represent him. This hath been seen by Catholics and Protestants of the best sort and divers others, who much admire it, &c. This you may boldly report, for, besides ourselves, a thousand others are witnesses of it.” And in another letter, dated March, 1607, “It cannot be a thing natural or artificial. The sprinkling of blood hath made so plain a face, so well proportioned, so lively shadowed, as no art in such a manner is able to counterfeit the like.” Father More, whose history was published in 1660, says that the straw was kept in the Jesuit College at Liége. The last mention we have met of it is by the Abbé Feller, in his _Dictionnaire Historique_, which was published at Liége in 1797, and therefore after the suppression of the Society, “L’épi est aujourdhui entre les mains d’un de mes amis, qui le conserve soigneusement” (Art. Garnett).

521 Our. _Erased in Orig._

522 Who is “the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort, Who comforteth us in all our tribulation” (2 Cor. i. 3, 4).

523 “A wall for the house of Israel” (Ezech. xiii. 5).

524 Party. _Erased in Orig._

525 He desired “conditions of peace” (St. Luke xiv. 32).

526 “All that” saw it began “to mock him” (St. Luke xiv. 29).

527 But could he deceive or escape God?

528 He who would save his life, lost it (Cf. St. Luke ix. 24).

529 And in his folly did not foresee that that night they would require his soul of him (Cf. St. Luke xii. 20).

530 Enjoying. _Erased in Orig._

531 Worthy. _Erased in Orig._

532 Supra. _Erased in Orig._

533 He “will not suffer” us “to be tempted above that which” we “are able; but will make also with temptation issue, that” we “may be able to bear it” (1 Cor. x. 13).

534 Secret and. _Erased in Orig._

535 “Out of the abundance of the heart” (St. Matt. xii. 34).

536 Beholding St. Stephen’s conflict.—_Erased in Orig._

537 Nor even the gates of hell shall prevail (Cf. St. Matt. xvi. 18).

538 Woe unto those who are chosen for the works of the strong, and are not fed with the food of the strong.

539 Who remembered Daniel in the lions’ den, and feeds even “the young ravens that call upon Him” (Ps. cxlvi. 9).

540 Whose very hairs are numbered (Cf. St. Matt. x. 30).

541 Here must be added the oath, and some few words after, to bring in the other chapter. _In marg._

542 Establish and. _Erased in Orig._

543 Usually. _Erased in Orig._

544 “We have found” these men “perverting our nation” (St. Luke xxiii. 2).

545 “And forbidding to give tribute to Cæsar” (_Ibid_).

546 In Roma. _Erased in Orig._

547 And saying that they have another Christ and King.

548 Which Himself denied not to Pilate to be in the world, though it were not a kingdom of the world. _Erased in Orig._

549 To speak “against Cæsar” (St. John xix. 12).

550 “Cæsar’s friend” (_Ibid_).

551 “Crucify, crucify” (St. Luke xxiii. 21).

552 Our Prince. _Erased in Orig._

553 By. _Erased in Orig._

554 Cite. _Erased in Orig._

555 Heresy. _Erased in Orig._

556 As by the contents of that book, &c. _Erased in Orig._ Elizab. cap. 1°.

557 And abettors. _Erased in Orig._

M30 Month’s Recusance.

558 So keeping. _Erased in Orig._

559 According to. _Erased in Orig._

560 Foreign countries. _Erased in Orig._

M31 The Statute of confinement.

561 Authority. _Erased in Orig._

562 This. _Erased in Orig._

563 “My little finger is thicker than the back of my father. And now my father put a heavy yoke upon you, but I will add to your yoke: my father beat you with whips, but I will beat you with scorpions” (3 Kings xii. 10, 11).

564 Here must be added the chief laws made in the third year of the King’s reign. And after that some few lines to show how much Catholics must needs suffer under so heavy a yoke, more than they do under the Turk or any other Government, and how hard it is for Catholics to live in such trials, being so barred the Sacraments and helps, according to that of St. Bernard, “Væ illis qui assumuntur in fortium et non aluntur fortium.” _In marg._