Part 11
Conus Bandanus. C. Nicobaricus. C. zonatus. C. fuscatus. C. regius. C. marmoreus. C. nocturnus. C. araneosus. C. imperialis. C. viridulus. C. tulipa. C. punctatus. C. musicus. C. mus. C. Barbadensis. C. geographicus. C. tæniatus. C. miliaris. C. lividus. C. roseus. C. cedo-nulli. C. nebulosus. C. betulinus. C. puncticulatus. C. Proteus. C. augur. C. nivosus. C. acuminatus. C. Janus. C. lithoglyphus. C. venulatus. C. muscosus. C. Mozambicus. C. Franciscanus. C. rattus. C. amabilis. C. nobilis. C. terminus. C. gubernator. C. terebra. C. raphanus. C. spectrum. C. leoninus. C. pertusus. C. sulcatas. C. vermiculatus. C. pulicarius. C. obesus. C. millepunctatus. C. eburneus. C. generalis. C. Malacanus. C. monile. C. vitulinus. C. flavidus. C. daucus. C. capitaneus. C. vittatus. C. vexillus. C. figulinus. C. aurantius. C. minimus. C. Hebræus. C. arenatus. C. fustigatus. C. varius. C. literatus. C. tesselatus. C. Maldivus. C. lineatus. C. centurio. C. vulpinus. C. virgo. C. pastinacus. C. classiarius. C. mustelinus. C. Sumatrensis. C. quercinus. C. cardinalis. C. distans. C. Caledonicus. C. puncturatus. C. fulgurans. C. amadis. C. flammeus. C. testiludinarius. C. quæstor. C. Narcissus. C. guinaicus. C. informis. C. Jamaicensis. C. Omaicus. C. aurisiacus. C. striatus. C. grannulatus. C. verulosus. C. magus. C. Bullatus. C. auratus. C. omaria. C. panniculus. C. Timorensis. C. præfectus. C. nimbosus. C. archiepiscopus. C. legatus. C. canonicus. C. textilis. C. Australis. C. Mauritianus. C. eques. C. catus. C. acutangulus. C. Japonicus. C. columba. C. memocanus. C. fusiformis. C. Aurora. C. Adansonii. C. Portoricanus. C. lamellosus. C. exiguus. C. hyæna. C. ammiralis. C. papilionaceus. C. Promethæus. C. Suratensis. C. ranunculus. C. achatinus. C. stramineus. C. lacteus. C. vicarius. C. ochraceus. C. Mediterraneus. C. Magellanicus. C. pontificalis. C. sponsalis. C. Ceylonensis. C. pusillus. C. asper. C. miles. C. genuanus. C. siamensis. C. glaucus. C. monachus. C. anemone. C. cinereus. C. zebra. C. cingulatus. C. mercator. C. strigatus. C. mitratus. C. aulicus. C. colubrinus. C. auricomus. C. rubiginosus. C. prælatus. C. fumigatus. C. luzonicus. C. verrucosus. C. mindanus. C. pusio. C. madurensis. C. cancellatus. C. cærulescens. C. Taitensis. C. tinianus. C. crocatus. C. glans. C. nussatella. C. clavous. C. pennaceus. C. cervus. C. dux. C. stercus-muscarum. C. tendineus. C. melancholicus. C. episcopus. C. pyramidalis. C. abbas. C. gloria-maris.
FAMILY XXII.
NAUTILACEA. Two genera.
1. Genus _Spirula_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ Body elongated, cylindrical, terminated posteriorly by two lateral lobes partially concealing the shell; head provided with five pairs of tentacula, of which two are longer than the others.
_Shell._ Very symmetrical, longitudinally twisted throughout nearly all its extent; the cone spiral, conical, regular, circular; whorls of the spire very evident; partitions simple, concave, and pierced by a single syphon. Inhabits the West Indian seas. One species.
Spirula Peronii. (Nautilus spirula. _Lin._)
2. Genus _Nautilus_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ Body round and terminated posteriorly by a tendinous or muscular filament, attaching itself to the syphon, by which the partitions of the shell are pierced; the mantle opening obliquely, and prolonged into a sort of hood above the head (which is provided with digitated tentacula), and surrounding the aperture of the mouth.
_Shell._ Discoid, but slightly compressed, with a rounded or subcarinated back, umbilicated or not, but never mammelonated, the partitions simple, not visible exteriorly; the last profoundly sunk, and perforated by a syphon running through them all. Inhabits the Indian Ocean. Two living species. Fifteen fossil.
Nautilus Pompilius. N. umbilicatus.
FAMILY XXIII.
HETEROPODA. Two genera.
1. Genus _Argonauta_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ Body conical, elongated, enrolled longitudinally, widened anteriorly, and provided on each side with an arcuated subtriangular, aliform appendage; mouth at the extremity of the angle formed by two inferior lips. De Blainville denies that this animal is at all known, and speaks of one described by M. Oken as a small polypus of the genus Ocythoe.
_Shell._ Navicular, symmetrical, very thin, compressed, bicarinated, longitudinally subinvolute in the same plane; aperture very wide, symmetrical, complete, square anteriorly, slightly modified by the turn of the summit, and provided on each side with an ear-like appendage having thick and smooth edges. Inhabits the Mediterranean. Three species.
Argonauta argo. A. tuberculosa. A. nitida.
2. Genus _Carinaria_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ Body elongated, prolonged behind the nucleus into a veritable tail, edged at its extremity by a vertical fin; head sufficiently distinct; two, long, conical tentacula; two sessile eyes; the organs of respiration and the nucleus entirely enveloped in a mantle with lobed edges.
_Shell._ Very thin, symmetrical, a little compressed, without spire, but with the summit a little reflexed posteriorly; aperture oval and entire. Inhabits the African, Mediterranean, and Australian seas. Three species.
Carinaria vitrea. C. fragilis. C. cymbium.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN CONCHOLOGY.
A.
Abbreviated, cut short.
Abdomen, the belly.
Acuminated, sharp pointed.
Aculeated, prickly.
Alated, winged.
Annulated, divided into rings.
Annulations, rings.
Aperture, the orifice or opening of the shell.
Apex, the point of the spire.
Approximating, approaching together.
Arcuated, of an arch form.
Area, surface between the lines.
Articulations, junctures or joints.
Attenuated, thin, slender.
Aurated, having ears, as the Pecten.
Auricled, having ear-like appendages.
Auriform, ear-shaped.
B.
Barbed, bearded.
Base, lower extremity of the shell.
Beak, prolongation at the base.
Beard, see Byssus.
Bi, signifying two.
Biangulated, having two corners or angles.
Bidentate, having two teeth.
Bifid, opening with a cleft.
Bilobate, divided into two lobes.
Bimarginate, two margins or lips.
Biradiate, having two rays.
Bivalve, having two valves.
Blunt, obtuse, opposed to acute.
Borer, a piercer.
Bulging, gibbous, swollen out.
Byssus, common in the Mytilus and Pinna, by which they attach themselves to objects.
C.
Callous, indurated.
Callosity, a protuberance.
Calcareous, relating to lime.
Canal, the prolongation of the beak.
Canaliculated, channeled or grooved.
Cardinal, see Teeth.
Carinated, like a boat’s keel.
Cartilage, a flexible fibrous substance by which the valves are united.
Cartilaginous, resembling a ligament.
Chambered, divided by partitions.
Cicatrix, the muscular impression.
Ciliated, edged with bristles or hairs.
Cinerous, of an ash colour.
Clavate, club-shaped.
Columella, the upright pillar of the shell.
Complicated, doubled together.
Compressed, flattened.
Concave, hollowed out.
Concentric, running to the centre.
Cone, the form of a sugar loaf.
Convolute, whorls running round.
Confluent, running together.
Conoid, figure like a cone.
Contorted, twisted in oblique direction.
Contracted, shortened, shrunk up.
Cordate, heart shape.
Cordiform, form of a heart.
Coriaceous, leather-like consistence.
Corneus, resembling horn.
Coronal, resembling a crown.
Coronated, crowned towards the apex.
Costated, ribbed.
Cortex, anterior skin.
Crenulated, notched at the margin.
Crispated, with waving lines.
Cuneiform, wedge form.
Cylindrical, round like a roller.
Cybiform, boat-shaped.
D.
Decollated, truncated transversely.
Decorticated, divested of epidermis.
Decussated, lines intersecting each other.
Deflexed, bent aside.
Dentated, having teeth.
Depressed, shallow, flat.
Diaphanous, clear, pellucid.
Digitated, having finger-like claws.
Disk, the highest part of the valves.
Divaricated, spreading out.
Divergent, tending to a point.
Dorsal, belonging to the back.
Dotted, punctured like a thimble.
Duplicated, divided into plaits or folds.
E.
Ears, projections on the sides of the hinge.
Echinated, set with spires.
Effuse, spread out.
Elliptical, oval.
Elongated, drawn out.
Emarginated, with the edge notched.
Ensisform, sabre-shaped.
Entire, whole.
Epidermis, the outer coating of a shell.
Equilateral, all sides alike.
Equivalve, both sides alike.
Exserted, protruding.
F.
Falcated, hooped like a scythe.
Fasciated, covered with bands.
Ferruginous, of an iron colour.
Filament, a thread-like process.
Filiform, thread-shaped, slender.
Fimbriated, fringed.
Fissure, a cleft or slit.
Flexuous, zigzag, with angles widening.
Flexure, a bending.
Fluviatile, belonging to fresh water.
Foliaceous, lamina or leave-shaped.
Fragile, brittle, easily broken.
Front, the aperture next the observer.
Furcated, forked.
Furrow, a trench or hollow.
Fuscated, darkened, obscured.
Fusiform, spindle-shaped, conical, or oval.
G.
Gaping, when the valves do not close.
Geniculate, keeled.
Genus, characters by which they are distinguished from others.
Genera, plural of genus.
Gibbous, bulged.
Glabrous, having a smooth surface.
Globose, globular, round.
H.
Hemispherical, in the shape of a half globe.
Heterostrophe, shells whose spires reverse.
Hispid, hairy.
Hinge, the part where the valves are united.
I & J.
Jagged, denticulated, uneven.
Imbricate, covered with scales.
Imperforate, having no umbilicus.
Inequilateral, when the anterior and posterior parts of the shell are dissimilar.
Inequivalve, when the valves are dissimilar.
Inarticulate, indistinct.
Incumbent, one lying over the other.
Incurved, bent backward.
Indented, unequally marked.
Inflated, tumid, swollen.
Inflected, bent inward.
Inflexed, bent towards each other.
Intercostal, placed between the ribs.
Interrupted, divided, separated.
Interstice, space between.
Intortion, turning or twisting.
Involute, without a spire.
Involution, that part which involves another.
Juncture, the joining of the whorl in univalves.
K.
Keel, the longitudinal prominence in the Argonauta.
Keeled, see Carinated.
L.
Labra, the lips.
Laciniate, cut in irregular segments.
Lacunose, surface covered with pits.
Lamellar, films on plates.
Lamellated, divided into distinct plaits or foliations.
Laminæ, thin plates, laid one above another.
Lanceolate, oblong, tapering like the head of a lance.
Lateral, extending to one side from the centre.
Latticed, see Decussated.
Lenticulate, doubly convex.
Ligament, a solid body which connects the valves in bivalves.
Linear, composed of lines.
Linguiformed, tongue-shaped.
Lip, the outer edge of the aperture of univalves.
Lobated, rounded at the edges.
Longitudinal, the length of the shell.
Lunated, formed like a half moon.
Lunule, crescent-like.
Luniform, shape of a crescent.
M.
Margin, the whole circumference or outline of the shell in bivalves.
Marginated, having a prominent margin or border.
Membrane, a web of fibres.
Mouth, see Aperture.
Muscular impressions, marks made by the animal in adhering to the shell.
Mottled, clouded or spotted.
Mucronate, ending in a sharp point.
Multilocular, many chambered.
Muricated, clothed with sharp spines.
N.
Nacred, pearly.
Nemoral, belonging to a wood.
Nited, glossy.
Nodose, knotty.
Nucleus, a kernel.
O.
Obsolete, obliterated.
Oblong, oval.
Ocellated, eye-like spots.
Ochreous, colour of yellow ochre.
Offuscated, darkened, clouded.
Olivaceous, of a greenish olive colour.
Operculum, which closes the aperture of the shell.
Orbicular, circular, round.
Orifice, an opening or perforation.
Ovate, shaped like an egg.
Ovoid, oval.
P.
Papillose, pimple, dotted.
Papyraceous, thin as paper.
Patulous, with a gap or opening.
Partitions, processes dividing the shells of the Nautilus, Serpula, &c.
Pectinated, resembling the teeth of a comb.
Pedicle, the support of the Anatifera and its corresponding species.
Peduncle, a tube on which any thing is seated.
Pellucid, transparent, clear, bright.
Pentagonal, having five sides.
Perforated, pierced with holes.
Pervious, admitting passage.
Pillar, in univalves the internal continuation of the columella or inner lips, extending from the _base_ to the _apex_.
Pinnated, winged.
Plaited, folded.
Plaits, folds.
Plicated, folded or plaited.
Posterior, see Margin.
Produced, lengthened out.
Protrude, to thrust forward.
Punctuated, like the punctures of a thimble.
Pyriform, pear-shaped.
Q.
Quadrangular, having four right angles.
Quadruplicated, having four plaits.
R.
Radiated, furnished with rays.
Radicated, fixed by the base to another body.
Rectangular, having right angles.
Recurvated, turned backward.
Recurved, bowed back.
Reflected, bent backward.
Refracted, abruptly bent.
Reniform, kidney-shaped.
Replicated, folded or plaited.
Reticulated, formed like a piece of net-work.
Retuse, ending in an obtuse sinus.
Reversed spire, see Heterostrophe.
Revolute, rolled backward.
Ribbed, having longitudinal ribs.
Ridge, the upper part of a slope.
Rostrum, the beak.
Rugose, wrinkled.
S.
Sanguinaceous, divided into chambers.
Scabious, rough, rugged.
Scalloped, indented at the edges.
Scutellated, shield-shaped.
Seam, line formed by the union of the valves.
Semi, the half.
Semi-cordate, half heart-shaped.
Semi-orbicular, shape of a half globe.
Semi-lunar, shape of a half moon.
Septiform, shape of a partition.
Serrated, like the teeth of a saw.
Sessile, sitting or seated.
Seta, a bristle.
Setaceous, covered with bristles.
Setiferous, bearing bristles.
Sinister valve, is the left valve.
Sinus, a groove or cavity.
Siphunculus, a cylindrical perforation as in the Nautilus, Spirula, &c.
Spatulate, rounded and broad at the top.
Species, the division of a family or genus.
Spiny, thorny.
Spinous, like a hedgehog.
Spire, all the whorls in univalves except the one in which the aperture is situated, which is termed the body.
Spiral, twisted like a corkscrew.
Squamose, scaly.
Striated, covered with thread-like lines.
Sub, almost.
Subarcuated, somewhat arched.
Subconic, somewhat conical.
Subulate, awl-shaped.
Sulcated, furrowed.
Summit, the tip or apex.
Suture, a hollow line of division in univalves, the spiral line of which separates the wreaths.
T.
Teeth, pointed protuberances within the hinge in bivalves by which the valves are united.
Tentacula, the feelers of snails, which inhabit shells.
Tessellated, chequered like a chess board.
Testacea, that order of animals covered with a testaceous shell. Testaceous, consisting of carbonate of lime and animal matter.
Tortuosity, flexure.
Tortuous, twisted.
Transverse, crossways.
Trapeziform, shaped like a trapezium.
Trigonal, having three angles.
Truncated, cut short, ending abruptly.
Tubercle, knot or pimple.
Tuberculated, knotted, pimpled.
Tubular, in the shape of a hollow tube.
Tunicated, coated.
Turbinated, shape like a top or pear.
Turgid, swollen.
U and V.
Valves, the various pieces which compose the shell.
Varices, longitudinal ribs in univalve shells.
Variety, difference in species.
Vaulted, roofed.
Ventral, belonging to the belly.
Ventricose, inflated, swelled in the middle.
Vermiform, worm-shaped.
Vertex, the top of a most prominent part.
Verrucose, warted.
Verticulated, whorled.
Umbilicated, having a depression in the centre.
Umbo, the round part which turns over the hinge.
Undulated, waved.
Ungulata, shaped like a horse’s hoof.
Unilocular, chambered singly.
Univalve, shells of one valve only.
Volutions, the turnings of univalves.
W.
Whorl, a spiral convolution.
Z.
Zigzag, having reverse turnings and windings.
Zoned, surrounded by belts or girdles.
INDEX
A.
Acasta, 32
Acera, 95
Achatina, 102
_Alata_, 135
Amphidesma, 44
_Amphitritea_, 27
Amphitrite, 28
Ampullaria, 113
Anostoma, 103
Anatifera, 33
Anatina, 40
Ancillaria, 150
Ancylus, 94
ANNULATA, 25
Anodonta, 69
Anomia, 83
_Aplysiacea_, 96
Aplysia, 96
Arca, 62
Arenicola, 25
_Arcacea_, 62
Argonauta, 155
Aspergillum, 35
Auricula, 107
Avicula, 76
B.
Balanus, 31
Bivalve shells, 10
_Brachiopoda_, 84
Buccinum, 141
Bulimus, 105
Bulla, 95
_Bullacea_, 95
Bullæa, 95
C.
_Calyptracea_, 91
Calyptræa, 93
_Canalifera_, 127
Cancellaria, 130
Capsa, 53
_Cardiacea_, 59
Cardita, 60
Cardium, 59
Carinaria, 156
Carocolla, 102
Cassidaria, 137
Cassis, 138
Castalia, 65
Chama, 70
Cerithium, 127
_Chamacea_, 70
Chiton, 88
Chitonellus, 88
Cineras, 33
CIRRHIPEDA, 30
_Cirrhipeda_, 30
Classification, 21
Clausilia, 105
Clavagella, 35
Cleodora, 87
Clio, 86
Clymene, 26
_Colimacea_, 99
Columbella, 143
_Columellaria_, 143
_Conchacea_, 53
_Convoluta_, 147
CONCHIFERA, 34
Conus, 152
Corbis, 51 Corbula, 45
_Corbulacea_, 45
Concholepas, 140
Coronula, 31
Crania, 84
Crassatella, 43
Crassina, 53
Crenatula, 75
Crepidula, 94
Creusia, 32
Cucullæa, 63
Cyclas, 57
Cyclostoma, 107
Cymbulia, 87
Cyrena, 58
Cypræa, 147
Cypricardia, 61
Cyprina, 53
Cytherea, 54
D.
Delphinula, 121
Dentalium, 26
Diceras, 70
Dolabella, 96
Dolium, 141
Donax, 52
_Dorsalia_, 25
E.
Eburna, 142
Emarginula, 92
Erycina, 43
Etheria, 71
F.
Fasciolaria, 130
Fissurella, 92
Fistulana, 35
Fusus, 131
G.
Galathea, 58
Galeolaria, 29
Gastrochæna, 37
Glycimeris, 39
Gryphea, 82
H.
Haliotis, 118
Harpa, 140
Helicina, 103
Helix, 99
_Heteropoda_, 155
Hiatella, 61
Hippopus, 72
Hyalea, 86
Hyria, 68
I.
Iridina, 70
Isocardia, 61
J.
_Janthinea_, 117
Janthina, 117
L.
Lima, 78
_Limacina_, 97
Limacina, 87
Limax, 97
Lingula, 85
_Lithophaga_, 46
Lucina, 51
Lutraria, 41
_Lymnacea_, 108
Lymnea, 108
M.
_Mactracea_, 41
Mactra, 41
_Macrostomiana_, 117
Magilus, 30
_Malleacea_, 75
Malleus, 76
_Maldania_, 26
Marginella, 146
_Melaniana_, 110
Melania, 110 Melanopsis, 111
Meleagrina, 77
Mitra, 144
Modiola, 74
MOLLUSCA, 85
Monoceros, 140
Monodonta, 123
Murex, 133
Multivalves, 9
_Myaria_, 40
Mya, 40
Mytilus, 73
_Mytilacea_, 73
N.
Naiadea, 66
Natica, 116
_Nautilacea_, 150
Nautilus, 155
Navicella, 115
Nerita, 115
Neritina, 114
_Neritacea_, 114
Nucula, 64
_Nymphacea_, 48
O.
Oliva, 150
Onchidium, 98
Orbicula, 84
Ostrea, 80
_Ostracea_, 80
Otion, 34
Ovula, 149
P.
Paludina, 112
Parmacella, 98
Parmophorus, 91
Patella, 90
Pandora, 45
Panopea, 38
Pecten, 78
Pectinaria, 27
Pectunculus, 63
Pedum, 77
_Pectinea_, 77
_Peristomiana_, 112
Perna, 76
Petricola, 47
Phasianella, 126
Pholas, 37
_Pholadaria_, 37
Physa, 109
Phyllidia, 88
_Phyllidiacea_, 88
Pirena, 111
Pinna, 74
Pileopsis, 93
Planorbis, 109
_Plicacea_, 119
Planaxis, 125
Placuna, 83
Pleurotoma, 128
Pleurobranchus, 91
Plicatula, 80
Plagiostoma, 79
Pneumodermon, 87
Pollicipes, 33
Podopsis, 80
Psammobia, 48
Psammotea, 49
Pteroceras, 136
_Pteropoda_, 86
Pupa, 104
Purpura, 139
_Purpurifera_, 137
Pyramidella, 120
Pyrula, 132
Pyrgoma, 32
R.
Ranella, 133
Ricinula, 138
Rostellaria, 135
Rotella, 127
S.
Sabellaria, 27
Sanguinolaria, 48
Saxicava, 46
Scalaria, 120
_Scalarina_, 120
Septaria, 36
Serpula, 28
_Serpulacea_, 28
Sigaretus, 117
Siliquaria, 25
Solarium, 121
Solecurtus, 39
Solen, 38
_Solenea_, 38
Solenaria, 48
Solemya, 44
Spirorbis, 28
Spirula, 154
Spondylus, 80
Stomatella, 118
Stomatia, 118
Strombus, 136
Struthiolaria, 132
Succinea, 106
T.
Tellina, 49
Tellinides, 51
Terebella, 27
Terebellum, 150
Terebra, 143
Terebratula, 84
Teredo, 36
Teredina, 36
Testacella, 98
Tornatella, 119
Trochus, 122
Tridacna, 72
_Tridacnea_, 72
Trigonia, 65
_Trigonacea_, 65
Triton, 135
_Tubicola_, 35
Tubicinella, 30
Turbo, 124
_Turbinacea_, 121
Turbinella, 129
Turritella, 126
U & V.
Umbrella, 91
Ungulina, 43
Unio, 66
Univalves, 14
Valvata, 112
Venericardia, 57
Venerirupis, 47
Venus, 55
Vermilia, 29
Vermetus, 121
Vitrina, 97
Voluta, 145
Volvaria, 147
Vulsella, 80
THE END.
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
1. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. 2. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.