Part 36

It may be remarked that it is no answer to say that tapeworm cannot be a cause of predisposition to disease, because it is always present. It is greatly more in evidence some years than in others. The author never in any other year than 1873 saw quantities of shot grouse from which tapeworms exuded in yards of entangled mass from the shot wounds of the dead birds. Then, however, they did so, and had to be withdrawn from the birds before the latter could be bagged. The birds could not have been left upon the moor, because the dogs would have gone back for them. Yet with all these worms the only evidence of disease was an absence of much leg feathering. The owner of Glenbuchat has been good enough to tell the author that disease broke out there in 1872 after the shooting season, but he never before heard of any disease in that year, and as a matter of fact the grouse at Aldourie, in Inverness-shire, not far away, bred well in 1873, and only were attacked by the disease later than the shooting season of that year. But even 1874, the great disease year, was by no means universally bad. That autumn they had a splendid crop of grouse in perfect health at Crossmount, in Perthshire. The Rannoch Lodge ground was only fair that year, but the author’s party there was credited in the Scotch papers with the record bag for that season, probably wrongly, as there was not one bird for five compared with the little moor of Crossmount. 1873 was very wet in the August and September shooting season, and the writer never before or since saw so many midges as in that season. That grouse disease does not attack in winter (although many grouse die then and in the spring of various complaints) also tends to prove that the bacilli must have an intermediate host that is not in evidence in the cold weather. Then the disease is not known in Ireland and in the Lews, where the climate is mild and damp and encouraging to midge flies. But there is really no place that the midge can attack a grouse as long as he is full feathered, and in the mild climate even if there were starvation there would not be bad food. But it may very well be that the bacilli do not exist in Ireland or the Lews, and until it is proved that they do exist there it is beside the mark to set aside the evidence to be had where they do exist, only because it does not conform to that of a place where they are unknown.

For some reason that the author is not aware of, the _Field_, which commissioned Dr. Klein’s investigations, seems to have thrown over his conclusions entirely. Without any remark upon the wisdom or otherwise of this course, it is necessary to show how thoroughly it disagrees with them. At random the author takes the issue of October 6th, 1906, and he finds therein these four references to grouse disease. At page 581 is stated that “pneumo-enteritis is the technical name of the grouse disease.” On page 591, Mr. W. B. Tegetmeier writes: “During the present year the number of grouse that I have seen affected by disease has been unusually small, not half a dozen from all parts of the kingdom. The extension of the disease to blackcock is an interesting fact that should be known. The disease appears to confine itself almost exclusively to gallinaceous birds.”

On the same page the _Field_ says: “Partridges were practically exempt from pneumo-enteritis as long as they were allowed to breed naturally, but overcrowded on foul ground they will become as subject to it as pheasants.” And on page 592, in reference to pheasants it is said, “The birds died from very severe pneumo-enteritis.” On September 22nd, page 531, Mr. Tegetmeier has an article in which he seeks every means of discovering why foster-mothers have died of the disease and the pheasants have not died. Consequently, it is evident that the journal treats this disease as one and the same in all species of gallinaceous birds. But Dr. Klein said at page 38 of his book on grouse disease, “In pigeons and fowls the subcutaneous inoculation is not followed by any, not even a local, positive result; the animals remained lively and well.” In fact, Dr. Klein failed to give the disease he had discovered to fowls or any gallinaceous birds whatever, but he said, “The most striking results were obtained on the common bunting and the yellow-hammer, for the injection of a small drop of the broth culture into the leg is followed by fatal results.”

Obviously, if the _Field_ is right now, Dr. Klein did not discover the grouse disease bacillus. And if he did discover it, any fowls dead from or sick with disease may at once be regarded as victims of something else; and other gallinaceous birds must be suspected in consequence of being refractory to the grouse disease.

The author’s belief is that Dr. Klein did discover the bacillus, although he failed to prove it, and that his experiments on buntings, fowls, and other creatures went to suggest that the grouse is not a natural host of the bacilli, that it or its virus becomes attenuated or weakened every time it passes through a grouse, but that, on the contrary, it becomes more virulent in passing through buntings and yellow-hammers. This was suggested by the weakness of the virulence from the bacilli cultivated from the diseased autumnal grouse after a severer spring outbreak, and it is also suggested by the fact that in such cases the grouse do not die rapidly, and that it is a slow disease from which perhaps some grouse recover; whereas they do not recover in the spring. The writer’s suggestion is, therefore, that when the bacillus is carried from grouse to grouse it may be weakened, but that in spring it is not originated in the grouse, but in some creature unknown, and possibly a migrant bird of the bunting, hammer, or finch families. The importance of finding this out, and testing the attenuation theory more thoroughly in live grouse, is obvious, for if it is true that the blood of successive grouse gradually weakens the bacilli or their virus, then it is clear that the safety of grouse will be the constant presence of some few diseased grouse on the moor.

The author only dwells on this aspect because it is not receiving as much attention as some others, which are constantly being discussed, and are therefore less necessary to mention.

At present thought is mostly in the contrary direction. But it is to be hoped and believed that the Commissioners will investigate every possible view from a scientific standpoint, and more important still, from a practical one. For instance, if on a disease affected moor grouse can be kept in health in a pen of midge-proof netting, we shall hardly need to know where the midge gets his poison, but shall be exceedingly likely to dry up his breeding-places and exterminate him as nearly as may be.

INDEX

Abbott, Mr., 184.

Accident to valuable dog, 104.

Actions of guns, 48.

Aldridge’s annual dog sales, 104.

Alexander, Mr., 199.

Alington, Mr. Charles, 259, 262, 289.

Alnwick, 338.

Ames, Mr. Hobart, 97.

Ammunition, 56–62.

Ancient and Middle Age shooting, 13–22.

Ancient actions, 1–3.

—— breech-loader, 2, 3.

—— Venetian cannon, 3.

—— weapon without cartridge-case, 1.

Antelopes, 358.

Ardilaun, Lord, 335.

Arkwright, Mr. W., 126, 224.

Armstrong, John, 141.

Ashburton, Lord, 249.

Ashford, 335, 340.

Assheton-Smith, Mr., 323.

Automatic rifles, 4–12.

Avon Tyrrell, 317.

Backing, 112.

Badminton Books, 101.

Balmacaan, 270.

Bamboo partridge (_Bambusicola_), 269.

Bang, Mr. Sam Price’s, 130.

Barclay, Mr. James W., 245.

Beaters, clothes for, 300.

Beaulieu, 286.

Bedford, Duke and Duchess of, 346.

Beechgrove Bee, 199.

Bell, Robert, letter from, 257.

Belle, Mr. Lloyd Price’s, 130.

Big game, 358–360.

Bishop, Mr. Elias, 132.

—— Mr. James, 140.

Black-and-tan setter, the, 168–175.

Black game, bags, 344, 345.

—— —— colouring, 341.

—— —— counties for, 341.

—— —— eggs, 346.

—— —— season, 341.

—— —— species, 341.

—— —— stalking, 343.

Blubberhouses Moor, 226.

Boar-hounds (German), 196.

Boss & Co., 52.

Boughey, Sir Thomas, 132, 198.

Brackenbury, Mr., 129.

Bradford, Lord (Lord Newport), 245.

Brailsford, Mr. W., 135.

Branches of pointers, 128.

Breaking dogs, 107.

Breech-loader, ancient, 23.

Broomhead, 230, 231.

Brown, Mr. Allan, 229.

Buccleuch, Duke of, 344.

Buffalo, 358.

Butter, Mr. H. E., 105.

Caminelleo Vitelli of Pistoia, 4.

Campbell, Colonel, of Monzie, 230.

Cannon, ancient Venetian, 3.

Capercailzie, 361.

—— at Woburn Abbey, 346.

Chantrey, 340.

Chapman, Mr., 172.

—— Mr. Abel, 314.

Cheetham, Mr., 161.

Chemists, 1.

Chesterfield, Lord, 174.

Cheveley, 253.

Chippenham, 253.

Chipping Norton, 253.

Choke-bore shot gun, 29.

Christie, Mr. Charles, 245.

Chronographic testing, 38.

“Circling” dogs of old, 16.

Close time, 234.

Coke, Lord, 255.

Colt revolver, 6.

Compton Pride, Mr. B. J. Warwick’s, 137.

Cooke, Mr. Radcliffe, 185.

Coot, the, 368.

Corbet, Sir Vincent, 140.

Corrie, Mr. Wynn, 224, 228, 229.

Cotes, Colonel C. J., 132.

_Country Life_, 269, 323.

Count Wind’em, 143.

_County Gentleman_, 53.

Coverts, 293.

Crack shots, 88–100.

Cross-eyed stocks, 50.

Cumming, Sir William Gordon, 253.

—— —— and his keeper, letters from, 256–258.

Cylinder shot gun, 29.

Dallowgill Moor, 226, 231.

Dan, Mr. Statter’s, 141.

Dan Wind’em, Mr. Llewellin’s, 143.

Darwinism, 193.

Dash II, John Armstrong’s, 141.

Davies, Mr. George, 161.

De Grey, Lord, 70.

Deer in Scotland, 354.

—— rifles and shot for, 354.

—— roe, 365.

Deer-hound, Scotch, 196.

Delnadamph, 222, 230, 245.

Derby, Lord, 273.

Diseases of game birds, 370.

Dog’s point, walking up to, 224.

Dog sales, Aldridge’s annual, 104.

—— shows, 103.

—— trials, 102.

Dogs and sport in America, 151–159.

—— colour of, 197.

—— evolution, 193.

—— gun-shy, 108.

Drake, Sir Richard Garth’s, 129.

Drumlanrig Castle, 344.

Drumour, 353.

Ducie, Lord, 247.

Duck shooting, best shot for, 306.

Ducks, difficulty in driving, 302.

—— encouraging the fowl, 316.

—— flapper shooting, 316.

—— flight shooting, 308.

—— management of, when shooting, 304, 305, 306.

—— shore shooting, 309.

—— the “gaze” system, 313.

Duke of Wellington and the rifle, 18.

Duleep Singh, Prince F., 99.

—— Prince Victor, 99.

Dunbar, Mr., 216.

Dunmore, Lord, 245.

Durnford Bridge, 226.

Duryea, Mr. H. B., 97.

—— Mrs., 97.

Edinglassie, 245.

Ejectors, 49.

Elephants, 359.

Eley, Mr. C. C., 184.

—— Mr. Charles, 184.

Ellesmere, Lord, 252.

Ellis, Mr. Thomas, 183.

Elvedon, 247.

English setters, 139–150.

Euston, 250, 263, 286, 291.

Eversfield, Mr., 199.

Evolution of the dog, 193.

Eynsham Hall, 253, 353.

Falcons, 208.

Faskally Bragg, 105.

Fast birds, 45.

Fellowes, Mr., 253, 333.

Field, Mr. Barclay, 158.

_Field, The_, 269.

Field trials, 114.

Forbes, Sir Charles, 245.

—— Sir Charles John, 245.

—— Mr. George, 245.

Form in game shooting, 76–87.

Forsyth, Rev. A. J., 1.

_Fortnightly Review_, 220.

Fosbery automatic pistol, 6.

Foxes and partridges, 247.

French army, 1.

Fryer, Mr. F. E. R., 70, 253.

Gallwey, Sir R. Payne, 333.

Garth, Sir Richard, 129.

Gas-tar, 320.

Geddies, Mr. J., 289.

Geese, grey-lag, 208.

—— wild, 368.

Gethin, Mr. Edward, 333.

Gilbertson & Page, Messrs., 289.

Gladstone, Sir John, 230, 253.

Glenbuchat, 209, 222, 230, 245.

Glenquoich, 231.

Good points in pointers and setters, 122.

Goose, pink-footed, 369.

Gorse, Mr., 182.

Grafton, Duke of, 250.

Graham, Sir R., 249.

Granby, Lord, 251, 262, 297.

Grandtully, 230, 223.

Gray, Mr. Thomson, 172.

Greener, Mr. W. W., 7.

Gregory, Mr. Pearson, 251.

Griffith, late Mr., 38.

Grouse, bags, 209, 226, 231, 232, 245.

—— bags over dogs, 227.

—— beating for, with dogs, 241.

—— becking, 221, 242.

—— breeding by hand, 214.

—— burning the heather, 214.

—— butts, 239.

—— carting, 243.

—— commission, 209.

—— distribution of, 204.

—— draining the moors, 214.

—— driving, 238.

—— effect of Act of Parliament on, 208, 225.

—— effect of bad weather, 208.

—— effect of colour of dogs on, 244.

—— effect of driving, 209.

—— effect of falcons on, 207.

—— flankers, 239.

—— gruffing, 243.

—— kiting, 221, 242.

—— methods of shooting, 214.

—— on tops, 222.

—— presence of sheep, 214.

—— preserving and bags, 214.

—— shooting on the stooks, 243.

—— that lie and grouse that fly, 204–213.

—— wet-day method of shooting, 244.

—— Yorkshire, 207.

Guisichan, 270.

Gun Club, Notting Hill, 349.

Gun-makers’ opinions of rifles wanted to shoot different animals, 8–12.

Gun metal for old cannon, 22.

Gun-shy dogs, 108.

Guns at Waterloo, 15.

Hackett, Mr., 140.

Hagenbach, Mr., 269.

Hail-shot forbidden in England and France, 17.

Hall, Mr. A., 157.

Hall’s Field B powder, 95.

Hardcastle, Lieutenant, 62.

Harding, Captain, 185.

Hares, bags, 324.

—— blue, 323.

—— brown, 323.

—— shooting, 326.

Hargreaves, Mr. Robert, 314.

Harlaxton, 263.

Harting, Mr., 269.

Hastings, Lord, 340.

Hawker, Colonel, 206, 225, 335.

—— —— method of trying guns, etc., 61.

Heather beetle, 219.

—— destruction, 219.

Hibbert, Hon. A. Holland, 192, 193, 262, 289.

High Force, 231.

Hill, Hon. G., 85.

—— late Lord, 85.

Hirsch, Baron, 259.

Holkham, 249, 254, 286, 292.

Honingham, 253.

Houghton, 291.

Hutchinson, Rev. Mr., 169.

Invention of gunpowder, 15.

—— of rifles, 171.

—— of wheel-lock, 17.

Inventions made by chemists, 1.

Involuntary pull of single triggers, 5, 52.

Irish setter, the, 160–167.

Italy’s invention of pistols, 4.

Judy, Mr. Statter’s, 140.

Karolyi, Count, 324.

Kennels, 103.

—— Duke of Gordon’s, 103.

—— Lord Cawdor’s, 103.

—— Lord Lovat’s, 103.

—— Lord Rosslyn’s, 104.

Kidston, Mr. Glen, 252.

Kinds of retrievers, 177.

King, Mr. John, 164.

Klein, Dr., 220, 370.

Kynoch, Messrs., 357.

Labrador retriever, the, 191–194.

Labradors, early, 194.

Landrail, the, 364.

Lang, Joseph, 131.

Laverack, Mr., 141.

Law-suit, Robertson _v._ Purdey, 55.

Leicester, Lord, 253, 292, 333.

Leverets, 324.

Lichfield, Lord, 136.

Lilford, Lord, 270.

Lions, 358.

Llewellin, Mr., 143.

Lloyd, Mr., 333.

Lloyd Price, Mr., 130.

Lonsdale, Captain H. Heywood, 135.

—— late Mr. A. P., 135.

Louis XV., 1.

Lovat, Lord, 141.

Mackintosh, The, 240.

Manners, Lord, 317.

Mannlicher, 357.

Mansfield, Lord, 324.

Markham, Gervaise, 173.

Mark II. Lee-Enfield carbine, 7.

Marlow, keeper at The Grange, 254, 290.

Mary Rose’s ancient cannon, 3.

Mason, Mr. J. F., 253, 353.

Match between bow and gun at Pacton Green, 19.

Mauser pistol, 5.

Mawson, Mr., 133.

Menzies Castle, 225, 230.

Methods of shooting the red grouse, 235–245.

Milbank, Sir Fred., 58, 199.

Millais, Mr. J. G., 270.

Millard, Mr., 285, 289.

Mills, Mr. John, of Bisterne, 316.

Mindszent, 324.

Minie rifle adopted by army, 20.

Missing, source of, 240.

Mitchell, Mr. Herbert, 146.

Montague, Lord, 254.

Moor, draining of, 233.

Moors of Aberdeen, 205.

—— of Allan and Islay, 205.

—— of Caithness and Wigtonshire, 205.

—— of Devonshire and Dartmoor, 204.

—— of Ross-shire, Sutherland, Caithness, the Lews, Skye, 206.

—— of South Wales, 205.

Mottram, Mr., 333.

Moulton Paddocks, 253.

Moy Hall, 232.

Muckross, 340.

Munden Single, 193.

Naumann, Mr., 360.

Navy and Army competition, 7.

Netherby, 303.

New Forest, 200, 254.

—— —— shooting, 15.

Nicholson, Mr., 133.

Nitro powders, 56.

Northumberland, Duke of, 338.

Notting Hill Gun Club, 349.

Orwell Park, 249.

Pacton Green, 19.

Pallavicini, Count A., 324.

Partridge bags and driving, 259–266.

—— in Bohemia, Hungary, etc., 259, 266.

—— eggs, imported, etc., 258.

Partridges, distribution, 249.

—— food, ants’ eggs, etc., 248.

—— hand rearing, 247.

—— incubation, 255.

—— methods of preservation of, 246–258.

—— over dogs, 262.

—— “packed,” 247.

—— protection by sense, 246.

Pasteur, M., 370.

Peregrines, destruction of, 222.

Pheasant, Reeves, 268.

Pheasants, buying eggs of, 275.

—— coops, 281.

—— difference in wild and tame bred, 297.

—— feathering, colours, etc., 268.

—— food, 277, 278, 279, 283, 284.

—— made difficult, 235.

—— made to fly high, 293, 294, 295.

—— Mongolian, crosses with partridges, 254.

—— nests taken, 287.

—— origin of, 274.

—— penning, 275, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283.

—— protection from foxes, 290.

—— scent, 288.

—— species of, 267.

—— timidity of, 293.

Pheasant shooting a hundred years ago, 298.

—— —— beaters, 299.

—— —— dogs for, 300.

—— —— nets, 300, 301.

—— —— over spaniels, 202.

—— —— “sewin,” 300.

—— —— through leaves, 296.

Pictures of sport, old and new, 13.

Pigeon shooting, 347–353.

—— species of, 347.

—— trap shooting, 347.

—— wild rock, 351.

—— wood, 351.

—— wood, bags, 353.

Pilkington, Mr., 133.

Pink-footed goose, 369.

Plover, the golden, 365.

Pointer, origin of, 127.

Pointers, branches of, 128.

Pointers and setters, 101–125.

—— —— points in, 122.

—— —— purchase of, 121.

Portland, Duke of, 253.

Powerscourt, Lord, 323.

Practice of shooting, the, 69–75.

Priam, Mr. Whitehouse’s, 131.

Price, Mr. Lloyd, 183, 215, 321.

—— Mr. Sam, 130.

Principles of making automatic rifles, 6.

Pringle, Mr., 330, 332.

Ptarmigan, the, 366.

Quail, the, 362.

Quartering, 111.

Rabbit shooting, 318–322.

—— —— with beaters, 319.

—— —— with dogs, 318.

—— warrens, enclosing of, 322.

Rabbits, destruction of vermin, 320.

—— ferreting, 321.

—— food, 322.

—— hunted by beagles, 318.

—— in bracken, 318.

—— in covert, 318.

—— in heather, 318.

—— lime-dressing, 321.

—— preservation of, 320.

Rake, Mr. Hackett’s, 140.

Ranger, Newton’s, 129.

Recoil, 57.

Red grouse, 214–234.

Renardine, 289.

Repeating shot guns, 6.

Retriever, the Labrador, 191–194.

—— origin of, 191.

Retrievers and their breaking, 176.

—— breaking, 188.

—— entering on game, 189.

—— kinds of, 177.

Rhiwlas, 215.

—— warren, 321.

Rhœbe, Mr. Statter’s, 140.

Rifle taken up by the army, 20.

Rifles for different animals, 8.

Rob Roy, Captain Lonsdale’s, 150.

Roe deer, 365.

Romp’s Baby, 129.

Romp, Mr. Brackenbury’s, 129.

Rose of Gerwn, 105.

Ross, Horatio, 350.

Rothschild, Hon. Walter, 269, 270, 271.

Ruabon Hills, 215, 224.

Rushmore, 252.

Safety of guns, 49.

Sanquhar, 345.

Schultze gunpowder, 38.

Seafield, Lord, 270.

Seal shooting, 361.

Second-hand shot guns, 23.

Serjeantson, Rev. W., 97.

Setter, the black-and-tan, 168–175.

—— the Irish, 160–167.

Setters, dog-show, 105.

—— English, 139–150.

—— liver-and-white, 197.

Shamrock, Mr. W. Arkwright’s, 131.

Sharp, Mr. Isaac, 170.

Shaw, Mr., 332, 339.

Sheep, removal, 233.

Shirley, Mr., 182.

Shooting, ancient and Middle Age, 13–22.

—— schools, 25.

Shot guns, on the choice of, 23.

Shots, twelve best, in _Bailey’s Magazine_, 73.

Shuter, Mr. Allan, 185.

Sinclair, Sir Tollemache, 216.

Single-trigger double guns, 52.

Six Mile Bottom, 255.

Size of shot pellets, 32.

Smith, Mr. Winton, 199.

Smokeless powder, 56.

Smyth, Sir John, 19.

Snipe, 329–334.

—— bags, 332, 333.

—— difficulty of shooting, 329.

—— species of, 329.

—— Wilson, 330.

Spaniel, Blenheim, 195.

—— breaking of, 200.

—— values, 201.

Spaniels, black-and-tan, 197.

—— black field, 196.

—— clumber, 198.

—— cocker, 195.

—— dachshund formation, 195.

—— English springer, 195, 200.

—— Mr. Eversfield, 198.

—— field trial and show, 202.

—— King Charles, 195.

—— leaving game behind, 203.

—— liver-and-white, 197.

—— Nimrod, 198.

—— of South Wales, 199.

—— red, 197.

—— retrieving, 201.

—— Rosehill, 196, 198.

—— Sussex, 195.

—— water, 198.

—— Welsh springer, 195.

Spur fowl (_Galloperdix_), 269.

Stamina trials, 102.

Stanhope, Sir Spencer, 226.

Statter, Mr. Thomas, 135.

Stetchworth, 251, 252, 253, 254, 263.

St. Mary’s Loch, 342.

Stone, Dr., 166.

Suffolk, sportsman in, 176, 198.

Swanton Wood, 340.

Tar-paper, 320.

Teal, 364.

Tegetmeier, Mr., 285, 374.

Tomasson, Captain, 209.

—— Captain, letter from, 210.

Thornton, Colonel, 52, 208, 225.

Tot-Megyr, 324.

Turner, Mr. Sidney, 137.

Tweedmouth, Lord, 185, 270.

Twelve best shots, 92.

Twelve-bore guns, 26.

Twici, William, verses by, 328.

Ussher, Mr. R. J., 339.

Varied bag, a, 361–369.

Varieties and species of the pheasant, 266–273.

Vaynol Park, 323, 350.

Velocity of light, 65.

Venetian cannon, ancient, 3.

Verses in head keeper’s room at Sandringham, 87.

Walsh, Mr. J. H., 170.

Walsingham, Lord, 37, 215, 227, 233, 239, 353.

Wapiti, 358.

Warwick, Mr. B. J., 137.

Webley Foster revolver, 5.

Welbeck, 253.

Wemmergill, 231.

Westminster, late Duke of, 136.

Whitehouse, Mr., 131.

Widgeon, the, 368.

Wild geese, 368.

Wild wild-duck, 308–317.

Williams, Mr. A. T., 105, 199.

Wilson, Mr. Rimington, 73, 217, 220, 228, 239.

Winans, Mr. Walter, 69.

Woburn Abbey, 346.

Wolf-hound, Irish, 196.

Wolseley, Lord, 40.

Woodcock bags, 335.

Woodcocks, 335–340.

Wortley, Mr. A. Stuart, 70.

Wynn, Sir Watkin William, 131.

Xenophon, 325.

Zebra, 358.

_Printed by_ MORRISON & GIBB LIMITED, _Edinburgh_

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. 2. Anachronistic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.