The Commerce and Navigation of the Erythræan Sea Being a Translation of the Periplus Maris Erythræi, by an Anonymous Writer, and of Arrian's Account of the Voyage of Nearkhos, from the Mouth of the Indus to the Head of the Persian Gulf

In the Preface to my former work, “Ancient India as described by Megasthenês and Arrian,” I informed the reader that it was my intention to publish from time to time translation...

13. Χελώνη—Tortoise (Sans. _kachchhapa_) or tortoise-shell. Exported from Adouli (6) and Aualitês (7); a small quantity of the genuine and land tortoise, and a white sort with a...

3. Δηνάριον—Denary. Exported in small quantity from Egypt to Adouli (6). Gold and silver denarii sent in small quantity to the marts of Barbaria (8, 13); exchanges with advantag...

(4) Beyond +Ptolemaïs Thêrôn+ occurs +Adoulê+, at a distance, according to the _Periplûs_, of 3000 stadia—a somewhat excessive estimate. The place is called also +Adoulei+ and m...

The description of the Eastern Coast of Africa which now follows is carried, as has been already noticed, as far as +Rhapta+, a place about 6 degrees South of the Equator, but w...

21. Beyond this tract, and on the shore of a bay which occurs at the termination of the left (or east) side of the gulf, is +Mouza+, an established and notable mart of trade, at...

The island of +Dioskoridês+ (now Sokotra) is placed by the _Periplûs_ nearer to Cape +Suagros+ than to Cape +Arômata+—although its distance from the former is nearly double the...

(39) Ships did not go up to it but remained at +Barbarikon+, their cargoes being conveyed up the river in small boats. In Ptolemy (VII. i. 61) the form of the name is +Binagara+...

(51) In the interior of the Dekhan, the _Periplûs_ places two great seats of commerce, +Paithana+, 20 days’ journey to the south of Barugaza, and +Tagara+, 10 days’ journey east...

(60) We now reach the great promontory called in the _Periplûs_ +Komar+ and +Komarei+, Cape Kumârî. “It has derived its name,” says Caldwell, “from the Sans. _Kumârî_, a virgin,...

The expedition took its departure from this station on the 3rd of November. It suffered both from stress of weather and from shortness of provisions until it reached Kôkala on t...

XXI. When the Etesian winds,[37] which continue all the hot season blowing landward from the sea, making navigation on that coast impracticable, had subsided, then the expeditio...

We learn further, that on many parts of the coast whales are occasionally stranded, being left in shallow water at ebb-tide, and thus prevented from escaping back to sea, and th...

XL. The Arosis marks the limit of the possessions of the Persians, and divides them from the Susians. Above the Susians occurs an independent race called the Uxians, whom I have...

[1] The Introduction and Commentary embody the main substance of Müller’s Prolegomena and Notes to the _Periplûs_, and of Vincent’s _Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients_ so...

[61] A different form is Kaluboi. Situated on the river now called +Kalami+, or Kumra, or Kurmut, the Arabis of Ptolemy, who was probably misled by the likeness of the name to K...