CHAPTER VI

THE LOWER RIVER AND THE OCEAN TIDES 374

INDEX 399

ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

ST. PETER'S DOME, COLUMBIA RIVER, 2300 FEET HIGH _Frontispiece_ Copyright, Kiser Photograph Co., 1902.

MOUNT ADAMS FROM THE SOUTH 74 Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

CAPT. ROBERT GRAY 76

THE "COLUMBIA REDIVIVA" 76

MOUNT HOOD FROM LOST LAKE 82 Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

ELIOT GLACIER, MT. HOOD 84 Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

ASTORIA IN 1845 116 From an old print.

ASTORIA, LOOKING UP AND ACROSS THE COLUMBIA RIVER 116 Photo. by Woodfield.

ONE OF THE LAGOONS OF THE UPPER COLUMBIA RIVER, NEAR GOLDEN B. C. 120 Photo. by C. F. Yates, Golden.

SADDLE MOUNTAIN, OR SWALLALOCHORT NEAR ASTORIA, FAMOUS IN INDIAN MYTH 120 Photo. by Woodfield.

STEAMER "BEAVER," THE FIRST STEAMER ON THE PACIFIC, 1836 124

PORTLAND, OREGON, IN 1851 124 From an old print.

GRAVE OF MARCUS WHITMAN AND HIS ASSOCIATE MARTYRS AT WAIILATPU 210 Photo. by W. D. Chapman.

CAYUSE BABIES--1 212 Copyright by Lee Moorehouse, 1898.

CAYUSE BABIES--2 212 Copyright by Lee Moorehouse, 1898.

COL. B. F. SHAW, WHO WON THE BATTLE OF GRANDE RONDE IN 1856 222 By courtesy of Lee Moorehouse.

FORT SHERIDAN ON THE GRANDE RONDE, BUILT BY PHILIP SHERIDAN IN 1855 224 By courtesy of Lee Moorehouse.

TULLUX HOLLIQUILLA, A WARM SPRINGS INDIAN CHIEF, FAMOUS IN THE MODOC WAR AS A SCOUT FOR U. S. TROOPS 228 By courtesy of Lee Moorehouse.

HALLAKALLAKEEN (EAGLE WING) OR JOSEPH, THE NEZ PERCE CHIEF 230 By T. W. Tolman.

CAMP OF CHIEF JOSEPH ON THE NESPILEM, WASH. 232 Photo. by T. W. Tolman, Spokane.

TIRZAH TRASK, A UMATILLA INDIAN GIRL--TAKEN AS AN IDEAL OF SACAJAWEA 234 Photo. by Lee Moorehouse, Pendleton.

OREGON PIONEER IN HIS CABIN 256 Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

OLD PORTAGE RAILROAD AT CASCADES IN 1860 258

A LOG-BOOM DOWN THE RIVER FOR SAN FRANCISCO 258 Photo. by Woodfield.

LUMBER MILL AND STEAMBOAT LANDING AT GOLDEN, B. C. 260 Photo. by C. F. Yates.

A TYPICAL LUMBER CAMP 262 Photo. by Trueman.

A LOGGING RAILROAD, NEAR ASTORIA 264 Photo. by Woodfield.

NATURAL BRIDGE, KICKING HORSE OR WAPTA RIVER, AND MT. STEPHEN, B. C. 276 Photo. by C. F. Yates.

SUNRISE ON COLUMBIA RIVER, NEAR WASHOUGAL 276 Copyright, Kiser Photograph Co., 1902.

LAKE WINDERMERE, UPPER COLUMBIA, WHERE DAVID THOMPSON'S FORT WAS BUILT IN 1810 280 Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

MT. BURGESS AND EMERALD LAKE, ONE OF THE SOURCES OF THE WAPTA RIVER, B. C. 282 Photo. by C. F. Yates.

BONNINGTON FALLS IN KOOTENAI RIVER, NEAR NELSON 284 Photo. by Allan Lean.

BRIDGE CREEK, A TRIBUTARY OF LAKE CHELAN, WASH. 286 Photo. by F. N. Kneeland, Northampton, Mass.

KOOTENAI LAKE, FROM PROCTOR, B. C. 288 Photo. by Allan Lean, Nelson.

LOWER ARROW LAKE, B. C. 290 Photo. by Allan Lean, Nelson.

BRIDAL VEIL FALLS ON COLUMBIA RIVER 292 Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

SHOSHONE FALLS, IN SNAKE RIVER, 212 FEET HIGH 294 Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

LAKE PEND OREILLE, IDAHO 296 Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

LAKE COEUR D'ALENE, IDAHO 296 Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

THE "SHADOWY ST. JOE," IDAHO 298 Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

ON THE COEUR D'ALENE RIVER, IDAHO 300 Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

GORGE OF CHELAN RIVER, THE OUTLET OF LAKE CHELAN 302 Photo. by T. W. Tolman, Spokane.

HEAD OF LAKE CHELAN--LOOKING UP STEHEKIN CANYON 304 Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

CASCADE PASS AT HEAD OF STEHEKIN RIVER, WASH. 306 Photo. by T. W. Tolman, Spokane.

DOUBTFUL LAKE, CASCADE RANGE, WASHINGTON, NEAR LAKE CHELAN 308 Photo. by T. W. Tolman, Spokane, Wash.

HORSESHOE BASIN THROUGH A ROCK GAP, STEHEKIN CANYON 310 Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

LAKE CHELAN 312 Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

A HARVEST OUTFIT, DAYTON, WASH. 314 _Sunset Magazine._

A COMBINED HARVESTER, NEAR WALLA WALLA 314 Photo. by W. D. Chapman.

INLAND EMPIRE SYSTEM'S POWER PLANT, NEAR SPOKANE, 20,000 HORSE-POWER 316 Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

LOWER SPOKANE FALLS 316 Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

CANYON OF THE STEHEKIN, NEAR LAKE CHELAN 318 Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

MEMORIAL BUILDING, WHITMAN COLLEGE, WALLA WALLA 320 Photo. by W. D. Chapman.

STARTING THE PLOUGHS IN THE WHEAT LAND, WALLA WALLA, WASH. 322 Photo. by W. D. Chapman, Walla Walla.

ON THE HISTORIC WALLA WALLA RIVER 324 Photo. by W. D. Chapman.

BLALOCK FRUIT RANCH OF A THOUSAND ACRES AT WALLA WALLA, WASH. 326 Photo. by W. D. Chapman.

WITCH'S HEAD, NEAR OLD WISHRAM VILLAGE. THE INDIAN SUPERSTITION IS THAT THESE EYES WILL FOLLOW ANY UNFAITHFUL WOMAN 328 By courtesy of Lee Moorehouse.

CABBAGE ROCK, FOUR MILES NORTH OF THE DALLES 330 Photo. by Lee Moorehouse, Pendleton.

EAGLE ROCK, JUST ABOVE SHOSHONE FALLS IN SNAKE RIVER 332 Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

STEHEKIN CANYON, 5000 FEET DEEP 334 Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

STEAMER "DALLES CITY," DESCENDING THE CASCADES OF THE COLUMBIA 336

MEMALOOSE ISLAND, COLUMBIA RIVER 338 Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

HORSESHOE BASIN NEAR LAKE CHELAN, WASH. 340 Photo. by T. W. Tolman, Spokane.

CASTLE ROCK, COLUMBIA RIVER 342 Copyright, Kiser Photograph Co., 1902.

THE LYMAN GLACIER AND GLACIER LAKE IN NORTH STAR PARK, NEAR LAKE CHELAN 344 Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

HUNTERS ON LAKE CHELAN, WITH THEIR SPOILS 346 Photo. by W. D. Lyman.

A MORNING'S CATCH ON THE TOUCHET, NEAR DAYTON, WASH. 346 _Sunset Magazine._

ONEONTA GORGE--LOOKING IN 348 Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

CAPE HORN, COLUMBIA RIVER--LOOKING UP 350 Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse, Portland.

LOOKING UP THE COLUMBIA RIVER FROM THE CLIFF ABOVE MULTNOMAH FALLS, ORE. 352 Copyright, 1902, by Kiser Photograph Co.

SPOKANE FALLS AND CITY, 1886 354 Photo. by T. W. Tolman, Spokane.

SPOKANE FALLS AND CITY, 1908 354 Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

IN THE HEART OF THE CASCADE MOUNTAINS, ABOVE LAKE CHELAN, WASH. 360 Photo. by T. W. Tolman, Spokane.

BIRCH-TREE CHANNEL, UPPER COLUMBIA, NEAR GOLDEN, B. C. 362 Photo by C. F. Yates, Golden.

TYPICAL MOUNTAIN MEADOW, STEHEKIN VALLEY, WASH. 364 Photo. by T. W. Tolman.

HIGH SCHOOL, WALLA WALLA, WASH. 366 Photo. by W. D. Chapman, Walla Walla.

LAKE CHELAN 368 Photo. by F. N. Kneeland.

ON THE BANKS OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER, NEAR HOOD RIVER 370 Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

ROOSTER ROCK, COLUMBIA RIVER--LOOKING UP 372 Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse, Portland.

BAND OF ELK ON W. P. RESER'S RANCH, WALLA WALLA, WASH. 374 Photo. by W. D. Chapman.

OREGON CITY IN 1845 376 From an old print.

FORT VANCOUVER IN 1845 376

LONE ROCK, COLUMBIA RIVER, ABOUT FIFTY MILES EAST OF PORTLAND 378 Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse, Portland.

WILLAMETTE FALLS, OREGON CITY, ORE. 380 Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

AMONG THE BIG SPRUCE TREES, NEAR ASTORIA, OREGON 382 Photo. by Woodfield, Astoria.

PORTLAND IN 1908. MT. ST. HELENS SIXTY-FIVE MILES DISTANT 384

PORTLAND HARBOUR, OREGON 386 Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse, Portland.

FISH RIVER ROAD IN UPPER COLUMBIA REGION, B. C. 388 Photo. by Trueman, Victoria.

MULTNOMAH FALLS, 840 FEET HIGH, ON SOUTH SIDE OF COLUMBIA RIVER ABOUT SIXTY MILES ABOVE PORTLAND 390 Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse.

CHINOOK SALMON, WEIGHT 80 POUNDS 392 Photo. by Woodfield, Astoria.

LAKE ADELA, NEAR HEAD OF COLUMBIA RIVER, B. C. 394 Photo. by C. F. Yates.

BRIDAL VEIL BLUFF, COLUMBIA RIVER, OREGON 396 Photo. by E. H. Moorehouse, Portland.

BAND OF KOOTENAI INDIANS, B. C. 398 Photo. by Allan Lean, Nelson.

MAPS _At End_