Chapter IX a continuous narrative of English expansion is obtained.

August, 1920.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

THE FOUNDING OF THE COLONIES

I. THE BACKGROUND AND THE DISCOVERY Growth of Geographical Knowledge Portuguese Discoveries Columbus and the Discovery of America

II. THE FOUNDING OF NEW SPAIN (1492-1543) Spain during the Conquest The Occupation of the West Indies Beginnings of Colonial Administration and Policy Exploration of the Mainland Coasts and the Search for a Strait The Mayas and the Nahuas The Conquest of Central America The Conquest of the Valley of Mexico The Spread of the Conquest Explorations in the Northern Interior and on the Pacific The Establishment of the Viceroyalty of New Spain

III. THE EXPANSION OF NEW SPAIN (1543-1609) Old and New Spain under Philip II The Mines of Northern Mexico The Settlement of the Atlantic Seaboard Foreign Intrusions in the Atlantic The Philippines and California The Founding of New Mexico Spanish Achievements in the 16th Century

IV. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FRENCH COLONIES (1500-1700) The French Background Early Explorations and Colonizing Efforts Acadia The St. Lawrence Valley Reorganization and the Iroquois Wars The West Indies Opening the Upper Lake Region and the Mississippi Valley

V. THE BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH EXPANSION (1485-1603) The Tudor Period Commercial Expansion The Elizabethan Sea-dogs The Search for a Northwest Passage Attempts at Colonization

VI. THE CHESAPEAKE BAY AND INSULAR COLONIES (1603-1640) England under the Early Stuarts, 1603-1640 The Colonial Administrative System of the Early Stuarts The Founding of Virginia The Founding of Maryland The Bermudas Guiana The Lesser Antilles The Providence Island Company

VII. THE BEGINNINGS OF NEW ENGLAND (1606-1640) The Puritan Movement in England The Plymouth Colony Colonizing Activities on the New England Coast The Massachusetts Bay Colony Expansion of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Rhode Island Settlements in the Connecticut Valley

VIII. THE ENGLISH COLONIES DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (1640-1660) Politics, Administration, and Expansion New England Development Virginia and Maryland

IX. THE DUTCH AND SWEDISH COLONIES (1609-1664) Dutch Expansion New Netherlands The Dutch and the Swedes on the Delaware Absorption of New Netherlands by the English

X. THE OLD ENGLISH COLONIES UNDER THE LATER STUARTS (1660-1689) Colonial Policy and Administration Machinery of Government Misrule and Rebellion in Virginia Discontent in Maryland Royal Interference in New England

XI. EXPANSION UNDER THE LATER STUARTS (1660-1689) New York The Jerseys Pennsylvania The Insular Colonies The Carolinas Western Trade and Exploration Hudson's Bay Company

XII. THE ENGLISH MAINLAND COLONIES AT THE CLOSE OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY New England New York and East New Jersey Colonies along Delaware River and Bay The Chesapeake Bay Region South Carolina

EXPANSION AND INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT

XIII. THE SPANISH ADVANCE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Spain and the Colonies in the Seventeenth Century Frontier Administration The Missions The Jesuits in Sinaloa and Sonora Efforts to Occupy Lower California The Settlement of Chihuahua New Mexico in the Seventeenth Century Coahuila Occupied First Attempts in Eastern Texas The Struggle with Rivals in the West Indies The Struggle with the English on the Carolina Border

XIV. THE WARS OF THE ENGLISH AND SPANISH SUCCESSIONS (1684-1713) The Preliminary Struggle for the Northern Fur Country. The War of the English Succession The War of the Spanish Succession The Peace of Utrecht

XV. THE FRENCH IN LOUISIANA AND THE FAR NORTHWEST (1699-1762) The Founding of Louisiana Louisiana under the Company of the Indies Louisiana under the Royal Governors The Trans-Mississippi West The Advance Toward New Mexico The Far Northwest

XVI. TEXAS, PIMERIA ALTA, AND THE FRANCO-SPANISH BORDER CONFLICT (1687-1763) Northeastward Advance of the Spanish Frontier The Founding of Texas War with France The Expansion of Texas The Franco-Spanish Border Pimeria Alta The Jesuits in Lower California

XVII. THE ENGLISH ADVANCE INTO THE PIEDMONT (1715-1750) The Westward Movement Defence of the Northern Frontier Reorganization of the Carolinas The Founding of Georgia The German and Swiss Migration The Scotch-Irish Significance of the Settlement of the Piedmont

XVIII. ENGLISH COLONIAL SOCIETY IN THE MIDDLE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY General Features New England Industry The Middle Colonies The Southern Colonies Labor Systems Features of Society Barbados, the Leeward Isles, and Jamaica

XIX. THE ENGLISH COLONIAL SYSTEM (1689-1763) The First Reorganization of William III William's Second Reorganization The Colonial System During the Reign of Anne The Colonial System Under the Whigs

XX. A QUARTER-CENTURY OF CONFLICT: THE EXPULSION OF THE FRENCH (1715-1763) Spain and the Powers, 1715-1739 The War of Jenkins' Ear The War of the Austrian Succession The Approach of Another Conflict The French and Indian War

XXI. THE RUSSIAN ADVANCE: THE OCCUPATION OF ALTA CALIFORNIA AND LOUISIANA BY SPAIN (1763-1783) Readjustment in Spanish North America The Russian Menace The Founding of Alta California Northern Explorations Louisiana under Spain, 1762-1783

XXII. THE NEW BRITISH POSSESSIONS (1763-1783) Provisions for Defence, Government, and the Fur Trade The Occupation of the Floridas Military Occupation of the Illinois Country Land Speculation and Plans for Western Colonies Trans-Alleghany Settlement The Province of Quebec The Northern Fur Traders

THE REVOLT OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES

XXIII. THE CONTROVERSY OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES WITH THE HOME GOVERNMENT (1763-1775) The Background of the Contest Reforms of the Grenville Ministry Repeal of the Stamp Act The Townshend Acts Beginning of Organized Resistance The Tea Controversy Lord North's Coercive Policy The First Continental Congress

XXIV. FROM LEXINGTON TO INDEPENDENCE (1775-1776) The Opening of Hostilities The Second Continental Congress Progress of the War The Loyalists The Declaration of Independence

XXV. THE STRUGGLE FOR THE MIDDLE STATES (1776-1777) The Contest for New York The New Jersey Campaign The Struggle with Burgoyne The Contest for Philadelphia

XXVI. THE WAR AS AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEST (1778-1781) The French Alliance The War in the West Spain in the War The War on the Sea and the Dutch Alliance

XXVII. THE CLOSING YEARS OF THE REVOLUTION (1778-1783) The War in the South The Yorktown Campaign The Treaty of Peace

XXVIII. GOVERNMENTAL DEVELOPMENT DURING THE REVOLUTION The Second Continental Congress Financial Affairs State Governments during the Revolution The Articles of Confederation Governmental Reorganization

LIST OF MAPS

Portuguese Expansion and Magellan's Voyage The Four Voyages of Columbus The Unification of Spain The Development of the West Indies, 1492-1519 The Development of Central America, 1500-1543 The Development of Southern Mexico, 1519-1543 Explorations in the Northern Interior, 1513-1543 The Advance into Northern Mexico, 1543-1590 Spanish Florida Explorations on the California Coast, 1542-1603 New Mexico in Onate's Time Cartier's Explorations, 1534-1542 The French in Canada in the Seventeenth Century The Caribbean Area in the Seventeenth Century La Salle's Colony on the Texas Coast, 1684-1689 Settlements in Virginia, 1634 Settlements in Maryland, 1634 The Bermudas Principal Settlements in Massachusetts, 1630 Settled Areas in New England, about 1660 Settled Areas in Virginia and Maryland, about 1660 Van Der Donck's Map of New Netherland, 1656 New Sweden The Delaware River Region, 1665-1774 The Southern Colonies, 1607-1735 Hudson's Bay Company Posts Settled Areas in New England and on Long Island, about 1700 Settled Areas in the Middle Colonies, about 1700 Settled Areas in the Southern Colonies, about 1700 Sinaloa and Sonora in the Seventeenth Century A Dutch Map Illustrating the Insular Theory of California's Geography (1624-1625) New Mexico in the Seventeenth Century The Beginnings of Coahuila and Texas The Intercolonial Wars The French in Louisiana and the Far Northwest Texas in the 18th Century Father Kino's Map of Pimeria Alta Mainland Regions occupied by the English, 1700-1760 Principal Areas of German Settlement before 1763 The Areas Largely Populated by Scotch-Irish before 1763 The Western English Frontier, 1763 Alta California Settlements The Spanish Frontier in the Later Eighteenth Century The New British Possessions, 1763-1783 Boston with Environs During the Revolution Northern New Jersey, New York and Its Environs during the Revolution The Region of Burgoyne's Invasion (1777) Morristown, New Jersey, to Head of Elk, Maryland (1777) The War in the South (1778-1781)

THE COLONIZATION OF NORTH AMERICA

THE FOUNDING OF THE COLONIES