Chapter 14

Bancroft, H. H., cliff ruins described by 81 Bandelier, A. F., on classification of pueblo ruins 89 Bat trail in Canyon de Chelly 157 Beadle, J. H., Canyon de Chelly visited by 80 --, quoted on Canyon de Chelly 86 Bench around cliff kivas 121, 136, 137, 138, 177 -- in cliff outlook 151 Bench-like recess in cliff kiva 124 Bickford, F. T., cliff ruins described by 81 Birdsall, W. R., cliff ruins described by 81, 163 Bottom lands, home villages on 94 Bowlders used in cliff-dwelling masonry 98, 100 Burial cists in Casa Blanca 109 -- in cliff ruins discussed 166 --, _see_ Cists; Navaho. Buttress in Casa Blanca 110, 162 -- in cliff ruins 119, 125, 129 -- in kivas 177

Canyon de Chelly, accessibility of 85 --, memoir on cliff ruins of 73-198 --, location of 84 --, _see_ Cliff dwellings. Canyon del Muerto, location of 85 --, ruins in, described 81 Casa Blanca, a name of two cliff dwellings 145 -- described 104-111 -- described by Simpson 79 --, jacal construction in 163 --, notched doorway in 164 Casas Grandes, resemblance of, to Gila river remains 196 Cave ruins, classification of 155 -- village in Canyon de Chelly 97 Ceremonial chamber, _see_ Kiva. Chaco and old-world ruins compared 80 Chapin, F. H., cliff ruins visited by 81 -- on openings in Mancos ruins 165 -- on kiva decoration 181 Chelly, origin of name of 79 --, _see_ Canyon de Chelly. Chimney-like structures discussed 182-190 -- in Casa Blanca 110 -- in cliff kiva 125, 129 -- in cliff outlook 144 -- in cliff ruins 119 -- in Mummy Cave ruin 113, 115, 116 Chinking of cliff-dwelling masonry 102, 103, 104, 117, 118, 123, 127, 142, 144, 148, 150, 151, 159, 160 Chin Lee valley, ruins in 80 Cist, burial, excavation of 101 --, burial, in cliff ruins 96, 130 --, _see_ Burial cist; Navajo; Storage cist. Clans, localization of, in pueblos 194 Classification of canyon ruins 92, 93 -- of pueblo ruins 89, 154 Cliff ruins, classification of 155 Climate of cliff ruin region 83 Constructive expedients in cliff dwelling 170 Corn cultivated by the Navaho 84 Cups pecked in rock 138 Cushing, F. H. --, on ceremonial fire 190 --, on ceremonial renewal of kivas 177 --, on cliff ruins 153 --, on marking of kiva hatchway 180

Decoration of cliff house walls 102, 109, 113, 125, 147, 160, 177-181 Defense, absence of motive for, in cliff ruins 101, 142, 153, 154, 170, 196, 197 --, home villages located for 111 --, loopholes an evidence of 135 --, expedients for, in cliff dwellings 170 Defensive sites, to what attributed 91 Development of cliff dwellings 198 -- of pueblo architecture 155 Distribution of cliff ruins in De Chelly 156-157 --, _see_ Classification. Domenech, _Abbe_ Em., reference by, to Casa Blanca 80 Doorways in cliff dwellings 102, 111, 125, 128, 134, 140, 145, 151 --, notched, in cliff dwellings 138, 164 -- partially closed 165 --, _see_ Openings. Drain in Casa Blanca 110 Dutton, C. E., cliff-ruin region described by 82

En-a-tse-gi, Navaho name of Canyon de Chelly 95 Environment, village sites influenced by 153

Farming shelters discussed 142 Farming villages, cliff ruins classed as 156 -- of the pueblos 156 Fireplace, _see_ Chimney-like structure. Floors of cliff dwellings discussed 165, 197 Foot-holes, access to cliff houses by means of 132, 134, 142, 148, 158

Geography of cliff-ruin region 82 Geology of cliff-ruin region 82, 86 Granary structure in cliff ruin 97 --, _see_ Cist.

Hardacre, E. C., on ruins in Canyon de Chelly 80 Holmes, W. H., cliff ruins described by 81 --, on chimney-like structures 188 Hopi origin of certain cliff ruins 198 -- tradition regarding cliff ruins 191 --, _see_ Tusayan.

Jacal construction in Casa Blanca 108 -- construction in pueblo region 163 Jackson, W. H., cliff ruins described by 80, 81

Keam, T. V., burial cist excavated by 101 Kern, E. H., Casa Blanca sketched by 79 Kini-na-e-kai, Navaho name of Casa Blanca 104 Kisi and cliff dwelling analogous 198 -- or brush shelter 92 Kivas, absence of, in farming villages 150 --, distribution of, in cliff ruins 197 --, function of 193 --, how entered 190 --, how-plastered 161 -- in cliff ruins 102, 103, 118, 119, 121, 124, 135, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 174-182 -- in Mummy Cave ruin 115 -- in Pakashi-izini ruin 99 -- in Tse-on-i-tso-si canyon 101 -- of Casa Blanca described 107 -- of unusual size 95 --, origin of 91 --, prevalence of, in pueblo ruins 90

Lintels of cliff-ruin openings 102, 114, 140, 164 Loopholes in cliff houses 135

Mancos canyon, cliff ruins in 81 Masonry deteriorated by plastering 161 -- of cliff houses 95, 98, 101, 102, 104, 128, 136, 137, 140, 142, 143, 144, 148, 149, 150, 159, 197 --, rude, in cliff houses 132, 151 --, _see_ Chinking; Mortar; Walls. Matthews, Washington, on Navaho traditions regarding cliff ruins 191 Mesa Verde, cliff ruins of 81 Moen-kapi, a Hopi summer village 92, 156 Monument canyon, location of 85 Moran, Thomas, Canyon de Chelly ruins visited by 80 Mortar, character of, in cliff house 127, 140, 160 --, source of, in cliff-house building 126 --, _see_ Masonry; Plastering. Mummy Cave ruin, benches and buttresses in 177 -- described 81, 112 --, kiva in 176

Navaho, agriculture of the 81 --, building material from cliff dwellings used by 154 -- burials in cliff villages 109, 110, 115, 117, 130, 132, 134, 138, 142, 148, 150, 152, 158, 167-170, 197 -- burials, _see_ Cists. --, cliff ruins utilized by 96, 104, 152 --, expedition against the 79 -- granaries in cliff ruins 97 -- house sites in Canyon de Chelly 87 -- houses, sites of 152 --, peaches cultivated by the 88 -- structures in cliff dwellings 140 -- tradition of cliff dwellings 191, 198 -- trails in Canyon de Chelly 157 -- walls in cliff outlooks 152 New Mexico, _see_ Cliff dwellings. Niches in kiva walls 178 Nordenskioeld, G., cliff ruins classified by 92 --, cliff ruins described by 81 --, on an oval kiva 177 --, on chimney-like structures 188, 189 --, on kiva decoration 181 --, on Mesa Verde masonry 163 --, on openings in Mancos ruins 165 Nutria, a Zuni summer village 92, 156

Ojo Caliente, a Zuni summer village 92, 158 --, masonry of 159 Openings, absence of, in cliff houses 132 -- in Casa Blanca walls 109 -- in cliff kivas 125, 129, 175 -- in cliff-dwelling walls 123-124, 164, 197 -- in Mummy Cave ruin walls 114 O'Sullivan, T. H., Casa Blanca photographed by 80 Outlooks on restricted areas 149 -- or farming shelters discussed 142 Oven-like structure in cliff ruin 127 Ovens not an aboriginal feature 128

Pakashi-izini ruin in Del Muerto 98 Passageway in Casa Blanca 109 -- in cliff dwelling 100 Peaches, groves of, in Canyon de Chelly 88 -- introduced by Spaniards 88 Pescado, a Zuni summer village 92, 156 Petroglyphs in cliff villages 138 Pictographs in cliff ruins 98, 103, 113, 118, 126, 133, 144, 152, 178-181 Plastering, effect of, on stonework 161 -- of cliff ruin-walls 118, 120, 121, 129, 140, 144, 149, 151, 160 -- of kiva walls 121, 176 Platforms of masonry connected with cliff ruins 132 Population of Casa Blanca 105 -- of cliff dwellings 98, 135, 196 -- of Pakashi-izini ruin 99 Pottery fragments iu Casa Blanca 111 Pueblo ruins classified 89 --, _see_ Cliff Dwellings. Putnam, F. W., cliff ruins described by 80

Reservoir structure connected with cliff village 126 Roof construction of Casa Blanca 106, 111 Roofs of cliff dwellings discussed 165, 197 Rooms, character of, in cliff dwellings 95, 132 Ruins, pueblo, classified 89 --, _see_ Cliff dwellings; Pueblo.

Sandstorms in Canyon de Chelly 91 Sheep introduced by Spaniards 162 Simpson, J. H., Casa Blanca visited by 104 --, on Navaho expedition 79 Sites, inaccessible, of cliff houses 93, 111, 133, 134, 153, 196 -- of pueblos, how determined 91 Spanish influence in cliff-dwelling masonry 197 -- monks in Canyon de Chelly 191 --, sheep introduced by 162 Stephen, A. M., on Hopi tradition of cliff ruins 191 Steps, absence of, in cliff villages 157 Stevenson, James, Canyon de Chelly visited by 81 Storage cists in cliff ruins discussed 166, 197 -- rooms in cliff village 130, 132 --, _see_ Cist; Granary. Streams in the cliff-ruin region 84 Summer villages of pueblos 92, 156 Symbolism, water, in pueblo pictography 126

Taboo of cliff-ruin timber by Navaho 166 Taos, a many-storied pueblo 155 --, circular kivas at 175 Timber, source of, of the Hopi 166 -- used in cliff-dwelling construction 111, 113, 116, 121, 122, 124, 165, 171, 197 Traditions regarding cliff dwellings 190-191 Trails in Canyon de Chelly 157 Tse-gi, Navaho name of Canyon de Chelly 79, 85 Tse-i-ya-kin, Navaho name of Mummy Cave ruin 112 Tse-on-i-tso-si canyon, location of 85 --, ruin in 101 Tunicha mountains, reference to 84, 85 Tusayan, masonry at 101 --, migration to, of Tewas 196 -- villages, location of, when discovered 91

Vegetation of cliff-ruin region 83

Walls, finish of, in cliff ruins 107, 113, 116, 124 --, retaining, in Canyon de Chelly 172 Walpi, former location of 93 Washington, Col., Navaho expedition under 79 Watch towers and cliff dwellings analogous 198 -- of pueblos 92 Water -- supply of Canyon de Chelly 86, 88 Wheeler Survey, archeological work under 80 White House, _see_ Casa Blanca. Whitewash used in Casa Blanca 109 -- used in Mummy Cave ruin 115 -- used on cliff houses 146 Window opening in cliff outlook 148 --, _see_ Opening.

Yarrow, H. C., on kivas at Taos 175

Zuni, a many-storied pueblo 155 --, character of masonry of 163 --, farming villages of 92, 156

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Errors and Anomalies

bowlder _standard spelling for this publication_

among others figures one entitled ... _wording unchanged: "other figures" or omit "figures"_ the interstices were / chinked with spawls pretty well chinked with small spawls _spelling in original: more often "spalls"_ numerous expedients were resorted to to prevent _duplication "to to" not an error_ the Mesa Verde country _"e" in original_ Over twenty ago Mr W. H. Holmes found _missing word in original: probably "years"_