Part 2

The greatest regimental loss of the entire war was borne by the 1st Maine Heavy Artillery. The unit saw no action until 1864, but in the short span of less than one year, over half of its 2,202 men engaged in battle were hit. In the assault on Petersburg in June, 1864, the regiment lost 604 men killed and wounded in less than 20 minutes.

The largest regimental loss in a single battle was suffered by the 26th North Carolina Infantry at Gettysburg. The regiment went into battle with a little over 800 men, and by the end of the third day, 708 were dead, wounded, or missing. In one company of 84, every officer and man was hit.

Of the 46 Confederate regiments that went into the famous charge at Gettysburg on July 3, 1863, 15 were commanded by General Pickett. Thirteen of his regiments were led by Virginia Military Institute graduates; only two of them survived the charge.

The heaviest numerical loss during any single battle was at Gettysburg, where 40,322 Americans were killed or wounded. On the Union side 21 per cent of those engaged were killed or wounded, in the Confederate ranks 30 per cent--the largest percentage of Confederates hit in any battle. The largest percentage of Union soldiers hit in battle was at Port Hudson in May 1863, where 26.7 per cent of those engaged were killed or wounded.

During May and June 1864 the Armies of the Potomac and the James lost 77,452 men--a greater number than Lee had in his entire army.

Union Army hospitals treated over 6 million cases during the war. There were twice as many deaths from disease as from hostile bullets. Diarrhea and dysentery alone took the lives of 44,558 Union soldiers.

From 1861-1865 the Quartermaster Corps of the Union Army made 116,148 burials.

In the 79 National Civil War cemeteries, 54 per cent of the graves are those of unknown soldiers. The largest Civil War cemetery is at Vicksburg, where 16,000 soldiers rest; only 3,896 are known. At the Confederate prison site in Salisbury, North Carolina, where 12,126 Union soldiers are buried, 99 per cent are unknown.

THE COST OF WAR

_Nor deem the irrevocable Past As wholly wasted, wholly vain, If, rising on its wrecks, at last To something nobler we attain._

--_HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW_

From 1861-1865 it cost the United States Government approximately 2 million dollars a day to prosecute the war; the Second World War cost more than 113 million dollars a day.

In 1880 the Secretary of the Treasury reported that the Civil War had cost the Federal Government 6.19 billion dollars. By 1910 the cost of the war, including pensions and other veterans benefits, had reached 11.5 billion dollars. World War II was three months shorter than the Civil War, but from 1942-1945 approximately 156 billion dollars was spent on the military establishment.

The total cost of the war to the South has been estimated at 4 billion dollars.

The public debt outstanding for an average population of 33 million rose from $2.80 to $75 per capita between 1861 and 1865. In mid-1958 the per capita debt stood at $1,493 for a population of 175.5 million.

In 1958 the government was providing pensions for 3,042 widows of Union veterans. In June of that year, as a result of special legislation, 526 widows of Southern soldiers and the two surviving Confederate veterans became eligible for Federal pensions. The last Union veteran, Albert Woolson, had died in 1956, leaving the two Confederates, John Salling and Walter Williams, to draw the highest Civil War pensions paid by the United States Government. The last Civil War veteran, Walter Williams, died in December 1959 at the age of 117. Since then, William's claim as a veteran has been disputed in the newspapers, but sufficient evidence does not exist to positively prove or disprove his military status.

The pursuit and capture of Jefferson Davis at Irwinville, Georgia, cost the Federal Government $97,031.62.

From 1861-1865 it cost the Federal government, in millions of dollars:

$727--to clothe and feed the Army 18--to clothe and feed the Navy 339--for transportation of troops and supplies 127--for cavalry and artillery horses 76--for the purchase of arms 8--to maintain and provide for Confederate prisoners

Soldiers and sailors of the United States received 1.34 billion dollars in pay during the war.

In 1861 an infantry private was paid $13 per month--compared to a private's pay of $83 today. A Civil War colonel drew $95 per month and a brigadier general $124. Their counterparts today are paid a monthly base rate of $592 and $800.

During the 1860's the average cost of a musket was $13 as compared to $105 for an M1 Garand in World War II.

NUMBERS AND LOSSES

North South[1] Population 22,400,000 9,103,000[2] Military Age Group (18-45) 4,600,000 985,000 Trained Militia 1827-1861 2,470,000 692,000 Regular Army January, 1861 16,400 0 Military Potential 1861 2,486,400 692,000 Total Individuals in Service 1861-1865 2,213,400 1,003,600

Total Strength July, 1861 219,400 114,000 Total Strength January, 1863 962,300 450,200 Peak Strength 1864-1865 1,044,660 484,800 Army 980,100 481,200 Navy 60,700 3,000 Marines 3,860 600

Total Hit in Battle 385,100 320,000 Total Battle Deaths 110,100 94,000 Killed in Battle 67,100 54,000 Died of Wounds 43,000 40,000 Wounded (not mortally)[3] 275,000 226,000 Missing in Action 6,750 --- Captured[4] 211,400 462,000 Died in Prison 30,200 26,000 Died of Disease 224,000 60,000 Other Deaths 34,800 --- Desertions[5] 199,000 83,400 Discharged 426,500 57,800 Surrendered 1865 174,223

[Footnote 1: Confederate figures are based upon the best information and estimates available.]

[Footnote 2: Includes 3,760,000 slaves in the seceded states.]

[Footnote 3: A number of these were returned to duty. In the Union Army, those who were not fit for combat were placed in the Veteran Reserve Corps and performed administrative duties.]

[Footnote 4: An undetermined number were exchanged and returned to duty.]

[Footnote 5: Many deserters returned to duty. In the Union Army, where $300 bounty was paid for a 3-year enlistment, it was not uncommon to find a soldier picking up his bounty in one regiment and then deserting to join another unit just for the additional bounty.]

CIVIL WAR ROUND TABLES

CALIFORNIA (3)

La Jolla--Ezra J. Warner, P.O. Box 382.

Los Angeles--(Southern California CWRT), Col. Paul "Reb" Benton, 466 South Bedford Drive, Beverly Hills, California.

Torrance--Peter A. LaRosa, 4240 West 178th Street.

COLORADO (1)

Denver--(Colorado CWRT), Hubert Kaub, 740 Steele Street, Zone 6.

CONNECTICUT (2)

Hartford--W. J. Lowry, Hartford National Bank & Trust Company.

Niantic--Norman B. Peck, Jr., Remagen Road.

DELAWARE (1)

Wilmington--Dr. Richard H. Myers, 34 Paschall Road, Zone 3.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (1)

Washington--James M. Lazard, Box 38, Army & Navy Club, Zone 5.

GEORGIA (1)

Atlanta--Col. Allen P. Julian, 1753 Peachtree Street, N. E.

KENTUCKY (1)

Lexington--(Kentucky CWRT), Dr. Hambleton Tapp, University of Kentucky.

ILLINOIS (8)

Chicago--Gilbert Twiss, 18 West Chestnut Street.

LaSalle--Dr. Russell C. Slater, 744 First Street.

Lyons--(Gray and Blue CWRT), O. H. Felton, Box 106.

Park Forest--Malcolm Macht, 495 Talala.

Peoria--(National Blues CWRT), H. R. Sours, 2623 West Moss Avenue.

Quad Cities--Mrs. Marilyn A. Hasselroth, Box 508, Milan, Illinois.

Rockford--Timothy Hughes, 2208 Ridge Avenue.

Springfield--George L. Cashman, Lincoln Lodge, Oak Ridge.

INDIANA (6)

Evansville--Col. Robert M. Leich, P.O. Box 869, Zone 1.

Indianapolis--Donald Shaner, 3122 North Richardt, Zone 26.

Mishawaka--H. O. Soencer, Mishawaka Public Library.

New Albany--Elsa Strassweg, 201 East Spring Street.

South Bend--Ben R. Violette, 2220 Berkley Place, Zone 16.

Terre Haute--(Vigo County CWRT), Ira Campbell, 426 South 17th Street.

IOWA (1)

Cedar Rapids--Mrs. Robert A. Miller, 249 Blake Boulevard.

LOUISIANA (1)

New Orleans--David L. Markstein, 2232 Wirth Place, Zone 15.

MARYLAND (2)

Baltimore--Leonard Sandler, Nelmar Apartments 2-C, Zone 17.

Hagerstown--Theron Rinehart, Box 1155.

MASSACHUSETTS (2)

Andover--Stanley E. Butcher, 4 Washington Avenue.

Boston--Richard H. Fitzpatrick, 15 Hathway Road, Lexington, Zone 73.

MICHIGAN (5)

Battle Creek--Mrs. Pearl Foust, 150 Eldredge.

Detroit--(Abraham Lincoln CWRT of Michigan), Lloyd C. Nyman, 951 South Oxford Road, Grosse Pointe Woods, Zone 36.

Flint--Philip C. Chinn, 2933 Wyoming Street.

Jackson--Edward J. Young, 2535 Kibby Street.

Kalamazoo--Mrs. Wesley R. Burrell, Galesburg, Michigan.

MINNESOTA (1)

Twin Cities--William H. Rowe, 6040 James Avenue South, Minneapolis 19, Minnesota.

MISSISSIPPI (1)

Jackson--(Mississippi CWRT), Mrs. Genevieve Wilde Barksdale, 3405 Old Canton Road.

MISSOURI (2)

Kansas City--Charles W. Jones, 1016 Baltimore Avenue.

St. Louis--Gale Johnston, Jr., Projected Planning Company, Room 200, 506 Olive Street, Zone 1.

NEBRASKA (1)

Omaha--Frank E. Gibson, Public Library.

NEW JERSEY (2)

Hackensack--(Bergen County CWRT), Miss Celeste Slauson, Johnson Free Public Library.

Monmouth County--Mrs. Jeanne Marie Predham, 155 West Sylvania Avenue, Neptune City, New Jersey.

NEW YORK (6)

Binghampton--Theodore E. Mulford, Link Aviation Inc.

Fayetteville--(Onondaga County CWRT), E. H. Hobbs, 206 Washington Building.

Jamestown--E. J. Muzzy, 142 Prospect Street.

Mayville--Robert Laughlin, Portage Street.

New York City--Arnold Gates, 289 New Hyde Park Road, Garden City, N. Y.

Rochester--William J. Welch, 80 Elaine Drive. Zone 23.

NORTH CAROLINA (1)

High Point--(North Carolina CWRT), John R(ebel) Peacock, Box 791.

OHIO (8)

Chillicothe--(Gen. Joshua W. Sill Chapter), Kent Castor, Box 273.

Cincinnati--J. Louis Warm, 4165 Rose Hill Avenue, Zone 5.

Cleveland--Edward T. Downer, 1105 Euclid Avenue, Zone 6.

Dayton--Kathryn G. Crawford (Mrs. F. M.), 3438 East 5th Street, Zone 3.

East Cleveland--James C. Pettit, 13905 Orinoco Avenue, Zone 12.

Lancaster--(William T. Sherman Chapter), Dr. Robert H. Eyman, Sr., 137 West Mulberry Street.

Toledo--Robert G. Morris, 2619 Powhatan Parkway, Zone 6.

Wooster--Dr. A. B. Huff, 230 North Market Street.

OKLAHOMA (2)

Stillwater--(CWRT of Oklahoma State University) LeRoy H. Fischer, History Department.

Tulsa--R. L. Summers, 1204 North Tacoma Place.

PENNSYLVANIA (6)

Bucks-Montgomery County--Edgar F. Hoskings, Jr., 31 East Park Avenue, Sellersville, Pennsylvania.

Gettysburg--Jacob M. Sneads, 115 North Stratton Street.

Philadelphia--(Lincoln Civil War Society), Arthur G. McDowell, 1500 North Broad Street, Zone 21.

Pittsburgh--Bernd P. Rose, Chamber of Commerce Building.

Susquehanna CWRT--W. N. Barto, 39 South 2nd Street, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.

Washington--James R. Braden, 755 East Main Street.

TENNESSEE (2)

LaFollette (Big Creek Gap CWRT), Guy Easterly, 139 North Tennessee Ave.

Murfreesboro--(Nathan Bedford Forrest CWRT), Homer Pittard, Box 688, Middle Tennessee State College.

TEXAS (2)

Houston--Richard Colquette, 5589 Cedar Creek Drive, Zone 27.

Waco--Lt. Col. H. G. Simpson, 2624 Austin Avenue.

VIRGINIA (6)

Alexandria--William B. Hurd, 219 South Royal Street.

Franklin--S. W. Rawls, Jr., 503 North Main Street.

Lynchburg--James B. Noell, 303 Madison Street.

Harrisonburg--(Shenandoah Valley CWRT), Grimes Henenberger, 345 South Main Street.

Richmond--John C. Stinson, 7202 Brigham Road.

Winchester--Fred Y. Stotler, Sunnyside Station.

WEST VIRGINIA (1)

Moundsville--Delf Norona, 315 Seventh Street.

WISCONSIN (2)

Madison--Russ Spindler, Box 377, Zone 1.

Milwaukee--H. P. Spangenberg, 203A South 77th Street.

CANADA (1)

Toronto--(Canadian Round Table), A. P. Colesbury, 518 Dovecourt Road.

ENGLAND (1)

London--(Confederate Research Club), Patrick C. Courtney, 34 Highclere Avenue, Leigh Park, Havant, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom.

GERMANY (1)

Wiesbaden--Lt. Col. Tom Nordan, Hdqs., USAFE, APO 633, N. Y., N. Y.

_MAXIMUM EFFECTIVE RANGE IN YARDS_

_12-Pounder Howitzer 1,070_ _6 & 12-Pounder Field Guns 1,200_ _13-Inch Siege Mortar 3,520_ _10-Pounder Parrott Rifle 5,000_ _10-Inch Columbiad Siege Gun 5,650_ _30-Pounder Parrott Rifle 8,450_ _12-Pounder Whitworth Rifle 8,800_

_TYPICAL GUNNER'S TABLE_

_12-Pounder Field Gun_ _Powder Charge 2.5 lbs._

_Range (yards)_ _600_ _700_ _800_ _900_ _1,000_ _1,100_ _1,200_ _Muzzle Elevation_ _1°_ _1°45'_ _2°_ _2°15'_ _2°30'_ _3°_ _3°30'_ _Fuse Setting (sec.)_ _1.75_ _2.50_ _2.75_ _3.00_ _3.25_ _4.00_ _4.50_